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Building Water Supply System Is A System in
Building Water Supply System Is A System in
Introduction
1. Drinking purpose.
2. Cooking purpose.
3. Sanitary purpose.
4. Washing purpose.
5. Gardening
Definitions
1. Cistern – a container for water having a free
water surface at atmospheric pressure
service pipe
Water authorities
water main
stop valve
Distribution systems
There are two types of water supply systems;
Design factors
Type and number of fittings
Frequency and pattern of use
Likelihood and frequency of breakdown of
supply (often design for 12- or 24-hour reserve
capacity)
According to regulations, the installed
cistern must be;
1. Watertight, adequate strength, and
manufactured from plastic, galvanized steel,
asbestos cement or copper.
Inlet silencer
Vent pipe from
hot-water cylinder
40mm
40mm
25mm
50mm
Warning or
overflow pipe
Stop valve
Full-way
gate valve
50mm
Ceiling joists
Rising main
Timber bearers Distributing pipe
to sanitary
appliances
Rising main
O
w ver
ar fl
ni ow
ng
a
pi nd
pe
D
r
pi ai
pe n
B
Is va all
lv
va ola
lv tin e
es g
W
le at
ve er
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M
an
ifo
ld
Cold-water
Feed pipes
Fig 1.6 Method of duplicating cold water storage cisterns
Table 1.2 Provision of cold water storage to cover 24
Hours interruption of supply
Type of building Storage (L)
Dwelling houses and flats per resident 90
Storage per
Type of building
occupant (litres)
Hospitals, per staff on duty 45
Hostels 90
Hotels 135
Houses and flats 135
Offices with canteens 45
Offices without canteens 35
Restaurant (* per meal) 7
Schools, boarding 90
Schools, day 30
Table 1.5 Provision of cold water storage to cover 24
Hours interruption of supply. Based on sanitary
appliances
NOTE
Evaluate the ‘probable maximum’
Relates the flow rate to the probable usage
Consider design & minimum flow rates
Table 1.8 Design flow rates and loading units
Figure 1.7 Conversion chart – loading units to flow rate
Exceptional cases:
Cleaners’ sinks (depends on one’s behavior)
Urinal flushing cisterns (continuous small flow)
Team changing rooms at sport clubs (high
demand)
Special events (ad hoc demand)
Pipe sizing-Introduction
Correct pipe sizes will ensure adequate flow rates at
appliances and avoid problem caused by over sizing and
under sizing;
Over sizing will mean:
– additional and unnecessary installation costs;
– delays in obtaining hot water at outlets;
– increased heat losses from hot water distributing pipes.
Under sizing may lead to:
– inadequate delivery from outlets and possibly no
delivery at some outlets during simultaneous use;
– some variation in temperature and pressure at outlets,
especially showers and other mixers;
– some increase in noise levels.
Fig 1.8 Pipe sizing-Introduction
Sizing procedure for supply pipes
• The procedure below is followed by an explanation of each
step with appropriate examples.
(1) Assume a pipe diameter.
(2) Determine the flow rate:
(a) by using loading units;
(b) for continuous flows;
(c) obtain the design flow rate by adding (a) and (b).
(3) Determine the effective pipe length:
(d) work out the measured pipe length;
(e) work out the equivalent pipe length for fittings;
(f) work out the equivalent pipe length for draw-offs;
(g) obtain the effective pipe length by adding (d), (e) and (f).
Sizing procedure for supply pipes cont…
Notes:
1. For tees consider change of direction only. For gate valves
losses are insignificant.
1-Tee
1-Tee 1-Tee
2-check valves
2-check valves 2-Check valves
3-elbows
3-elbows 1-Elbow
Answer:
Using Thomas Box formula,
= 27.83 mm
Example:
(a) Compute the number of 32 mm short branches that can be
served from 150 mm main.
Answer:
Answer:
Hence, the nearest commercial size is 65 mm.
Fig 1.16 Typical Layout Plan (Two floors)
Ø1 5
Ø1
5
Ø1
5
HO
SE
RE
Ø1
EL
5
-1
W
ET
Ø2
0
Ø1
Ø1
5
ZO
5
NE
Ø1
5
Ø
-A
15