Rosemary (Rosmarinic Acid)

Google Scholar:
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0031942202005137/1-s2.0-S0031942202005137-main.pdf?_tid=3cfe5e7e-30
89-483e-aa67-3f7b5e854d57&acdnat=1525675654_0a62aa3be947e8502f99aa121cac9f2b

Chemsketch:

Background information:
- Local plants in mediterranean area
- Molecular formula​ = C 18 H 16 O8
- Ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid
- Found by Italian chemists M. L. Scarpatti and G. Oriente in 1985
- Presents in hornworts, in the fern family and culinary herbs ​(Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd,
2018)

Physical Properties​(Nordqvist, 2017)​:

- Solubility ​= soluble in ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide to approximately 25 mg/mL.
Rosemary oil blends particularly well with Cedarwood, Citronella, Geranium, Lavender,
Lemongrass and Peppermint.
- Molecular Weight​ = 360.318 g/mol
- Melting point​ = 171-175 deg C
 - Boiling point​ = 694.7 °C ​(NCBI, n.d.)
- Appearance​ =
- Presents in hornworts, in the fern family and culinary herbs
- Rosemary - Needle-like leaves
- Odor
- Refreshing herbal smell
- Density ​= ​1.547 g/cu cm

Chemical Properties:
- Antiviral
- Antibacterial
- Anti inflammatory
- Antioxidant ​(Petersen and Simmonds, 2002)
- Toxicity ​= Toxic if swallowed
- The presence of rosmarinic acid in medicinal plants, herbs and spices has beneficial and
health promoting effects.

Application:
- Source of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B6, thiamin, folate, magnesium, calcium, copper,
iron, and manganese​(Organic Information Services Pvt Ltd., 2018)​.
- Aromatic uses​ = oils and fragrance
- Hair growth
- Alzheimer’s prevention
- Brain function reinforcement
- Neurological Protection - tissue damage protection in terms of ischemic injury, healing,
and blood clots reduction.
- Liver detoxification
- Stress reduction
- Hormone maintenance
- Pest control for agriculture
Broccoli (Chlorophyll A)
Google Scholar:
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0731708506003116/1-s2.0-S0731708506003116-main.pdf?_tid=9d111a33-8
4b1-4323-b0a1-5061891ccee5&acdnat=1525841720_608f1c79b1987d59a941d60a9432a7fd

Chemsketch:

Background information:
- Molecular formula​ = C 55 H 72 M gN 4 O5
- Green photosynthetic pigment
- Chlorophyll a is found inside chloroplasts in plant cells
- It absorbs energy best from violet-blue and orange-red light wavelengths. It reflects green-yellow
light
Physical Properties​(NCBI, n.d.)​:
- Molecular Weight​ = 893.509 g/mol
- Solubility ​= Effectively soluble in ethanol and ether
Soluble in ligroin, acetone, benzene and chloroform
- Melting Point ​= 150-153°C
- Boiling Point​ = 1032.1°C
- Appearance ​=
- Green pigment stored in various kinds of vegetables, fruits and plants
- Odor ​= Odorless
- Density​ = 1.079 g/cm3

Chemical properties:
- Reaction of ​photosynthesis ​- light absorber turning light energy into chemical energy​(Friedl,
n.d.)​.
- Antioxidant
- Flammability ​= can be combustible at high temperature

Application:
- Reduction of cancer
- Wound festering prevention
- Processed food as an enhancement
- Food for people who are on chlorophyll diet
- Cosmetics and soaps​(Oilgae, 2007)
References:
- Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd. (2018). ​Rosemary essential oil information​. Retrieved from
http://essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/rosemary.htm
- Nordqvist, J. (2017). ​Everything you need to know about rosemary​. Retrieved from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/266370.php
- NCBI. (n.d.). ​Rosmarinic Acid​. Retrieved from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/rosmarinic_acid
- Petersen, M. & Simmonds, M.S.J. (2002). ​Rosmarinic acid. R ​ etrieved from
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0031942202005137/1-s2.0-S0031942202005137-main.pdf?_tid=3cfe5e7
e-3089-483e-aa67-3f7b5e854d57&acdnat=1525675654_0a62aa3be947e8502f99aa121cac9f2b
- Organic Information Services Pvt Ltd. (2018). ​26 Impressive Benefits Of Rosemary​. Retrieved
from ​https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices/rosemary.html
- NCBI. (n.d.). ​Chlorophyll A​. Retrieved from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chlorophyll_a#section=Drugs-at-PubMed-Health
- Friedl, S. (n.d.). ​Chlorophyll in Plants: Benefits, Function & Definition​. Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/chlorophyll-in-plants-benefits-function-definition.html
- Oilgae. (2007). Chlorophyll. Retrieved from
http://www.oilgae.com/non_fuel_products/chlorophyll.html