ASSIGNMENT

Code/Name Course : EV101 Electrical Principles

Name : Lee Jun Xian
ID : 1001644955
Program : Civil Engineering
Semester : May - August 2017

CLO1 CLO2 CLO3 CLO4 CLO5

Assessment
PLO1 PLO2 PLO2 PLO1

Assignment √ √ √ √
Upon completion of this module, the student will be able to:

CLO1: Identify the basic concepts and laws of electric circuit.

CLO CLO2: Solve simple calculation on electrical power load requirement for DC circuits.
CLO3: Solve simple calculation on electrical power load requirement for AC circuits.
CLO5: Describe the electrical wiring system and electrical services.

PLO1: Knowledge
PLO
PLO2 Problem analysis

Questions CLO Marks Marks obtained

Q1 CLO 1&2 30

Q2 CLO 5 20
Project
Q3 CLO 3 20

Q4 CLO 1&2 30

Total
100
(100%)
 a) Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that” the algebraic sum of all the currents at any
node point or a junction of a circuit is zero”.

𝑉1−𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑉1 𝑉1
I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 0 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 = 0
𝑅1

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages (or voltage drops) in
any closed path of network that is transverse in a single direction is zero or in other words, in
a closed circuit, the algebraic sum of all the EMFs + the algebraic sum of all the voltage
drops (product of current (I) and resistance (R)) is zero.

Vr1 + Vr2 + Vr3 = Vg

b) Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorem are two important theorems used in
fields such as electrical engineering, electronic engineering, physics, circuit analysis
and circuit modeling. These two theorems are used to reduce large circuits to simple
voltage sources, current sources and resistors. These theories are very useful in
calculating and simulating changes for large scale circuits. In this article, we are going
to discuss the applications of Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorem, their history,
definitions, similarity between these two theorems and finally the differences between
them.

Vr1 + Vr2 + Vr3 = Vg

c)

FIGURE 1
i) 40 + 80 = 120 Ω
1/90 + 1/180 = 60 Ω
1/(60 + 20 ) + 1/120 = 48 Ω

1/𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 1/160 + 1/100+ 48 .

= 1/160 + 1/148
Req = 76.88Ω
II) Vr2 = 120V

I2 = 120/160 = 0.75V
I2 = Itotal ( 148 / 160+148 )
Itotal = 1.56A
Vs = Itotal Req
=1.56 (136.88)

=213.64V
i)

1/90 + 1/180 = 60 Ω 60 Ω//160 Ω = 43.64 Ω

80
1/ (60 + 20 +100) +1/160 = 84.706 Ω RTH = 40 Ω + (80+91.38)

84.706 + 60 Ω = 144.71 Ω = 91.38 Ω

VTH = 213.64 (84.706/144.71)

= 125.05V

ii)

1/60 + 1/160 = 43.64 Ω

RTH = 40 + 80/(80+91.38)
=91.38 Ω
iii)

Vr8 = 125.05 + 80/ (80+91.38)

= 58.37 V
Question 2

A personal helicopter weighing just 230 lb created sizzling news when it flew
on hydrogen with zero emission. With an ability to carry payloads up to 800 lbs, this pocket
Hercules can fly for 90 minutes. Fitted with easy controls, this reaches a speed of 100 knots
thanks to a pair of small yet powerful motors mounted on it.

 Two common and easily available things – Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a catalyst
– combined to bring about a milestone in personal aviation history with attention to
the environmental issues as well.
 Avimech has combined these two to power engine in to an innovative machine.
 There are two powerful small motors fitted at rotor tips which resemble rocket nozzles.
These nozzles propel the rotors getting power from the reaction of H2O2 with the
catalyst.
 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is very safe environmentally and easily available chemical.
 The motors are 8-inch long and they can generate 102 hp which helps the aircraft peak
a speed of 100 knots. The H2O2 is diluted to about 50-70%
 This hydrogen-powered, zero-carbon-emission environmentally friendly but
expensive helicopter has been the brainchild of Ricardo Cavalcanti of Avimech
 Though at present the engines are not fuel-efficient – guzzling 11 gallons of fuel per
hour
 to utilize H2O2 and a catalyst has been around for some time
 to use them to power this hybrid version of a rocket in a helicopter is the brain child
of Avimech.
 QUESTION 3

a) Loop La , ∑Drop = ∑Source Loop Ib , ∑Drop = ∑Source

j5Ia + 3(Ia – Ib ) – j4( Ia – Ib ) = 50 < 0 j10Ib + 5Ib – j4(Ib – Ia) + 3 (Ib – Ia) = 0
j5Ia + 3Ia – 3Ib – j4Ia + j4Ib = 50<0 j10Ib + 5Ib – j4Ib + j4Ia + 3Ib – 3Ia = 0
jIa + 3Ia – 3Ib + j4Ib = 50<0 j6Ib + 8Ib + j4Ia – 3Ia = 0
(j + 3) Ia + (-3 +j4) Ib = 50<0 (j4 – 3) Ia + (j6 + 8) Ib = 0

𝑗 + 3 −3 + 𝑗4 𝐼1 50 < 0
( ) ( )= ( )
𝑗4 − 3 𝑗6 + 8 𝐼2 0

Determinant, D:
𝑗+3 −3 + 𝑗4
∆=| |
𝑗4 − 3 𝑗6 + 8
= (j+3) (j6+8) – (j4-3)(-3+j4)
= j26+ j8 + j18 + 24 – (-j12 + j216+ 9 – j12)
=j26+ j8 + j18 + 24 + j24 – j216 – 9
= j50 + 25
50 < 0 −3 + 𝑗4 𝑗 + 3 50 < 0
∆1 = | | ∆2 = | |
0 𝑗6 + 8 𝑗4 − 3 0
= (50<0) (j6+8) – (0)(-3+j4) = (j+3)(0) – (j4-3)(50<0)
= j300 + 400 = -200j + 150

Ia = ∆1 / ∆ Ib = ∆2 / ∆
 𝑗300+400 −200𝑗+150
= =
𝑗50+25 𝑗50+25
500<36.87 250<−53.13
= 55.901<63.43 = 55.9<63.43

= 8 – j4 = -2 + j4

I1 = 8 – 4j A
I3 = Ia – Ib
= 8 – 4j – (-2 – 4j)
= 8 – 4j + 2 + 4j
= 10 A
I2 = -2 – 4j

b) VC1 = 10 (-j4)
= -j40 V
VH2 = -2 – j4 (j10)
= -j20 – j240
= 40 – j20 V
VR2 = -2 – j4 (5)
= -10 -j20 V
QUESTION 4

1)
5000(500)+600(500)+5000(500)
= 11.6 kΩ
500
5000(500)+600(500)+5000(500)
= 9.67 kΩ
600
5000(500)+600(500)+5000(500)
= 1.16 kΩ
5000
2) 1/10k + 1/9.67k = 4.916kΩ

3)
(1.16)(11.6)
= 0.761kΩ 12kΩ + 3.23kΩ = 15.23kΩ
4.916+1.16+11.6
(4.916)(11.6)
= 3.23kΩ 1/15.23kΩ + 1/0.761kΩ = 0.725kΩ
4.916+1.16+11.6
(1.16)(4.916)
= 0.323kΩ 1/(0.723kΩ+0.323kΩ) +1/2kΩ=0.687kΩ
4.916+1.16+11.6

Req = 0.687kΩ
b) V1 = 12V
𝑉2−12 𝑉2 𝑉2−𝑉3 𝑉3−12 𝑉3 𝑉3−𝑉2
+ 600 + =0 + 12000 + =0
500 5000 10000 5000
10𝑉2−120+𝑉2−𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑉3−12+2𝑉3−2𝑉2 𝑉3
+ 600 = 0 + 12000 = 0
5000 10000

60V2 – 720 + 6V2 – 6V3 + 50V2 = 0 6V3-72 + 12V3 - 12V2 + 5V3=0

116V2 – 6V3 = 720 23V3-12V2 = 72

V2 = 6.545V , V3 = 6.545V

VR2 = 12V – 6.545V

= 5.455V
VR3 = 6.545V – 6.545V
= 0V
VR5 = 6.545V
6.545 𝑉
I2 = 12000Ω

= 0.00055A
12𝑉−6.545 𝑉
I1 = 12000Ω

= 0.00055A

(𝑉)^2
c)P = 𝑅
(12)^2
= 0.687 𝑘

= 0.21W