1. In an earth-satellite-earth communication system, the uplink/downlink distances are 36000 km.

The
uplink/downlink frequencies are 6/4 GHz. The diameters of the earth and satellite antennas are 20 m and 1
m with 60% aperture efficiencies. The transmitting earth antenna transmits power of 1.5 kW. The satellite
transponder gain is 85 dB. The satellite receiving antenna is looking down at an earth temperature of 290K
and has a noisy receiver of effective noise temperature of 3000K, whereas the earth receiving antenna is
looking up at a sky temperature of 60K and uses a high-gain LNA amplifier of noise temperature of 100K
(feedline losses may be ignored.) The bandwidth is 30 MHz.
a) Calculate all antenna gains in dB.
b) Calculate the uplink and downlink free-space losses in dB.
c) Calculate the amount of power received by the satellite in dBW. Calculate the uplink signal to noise ratio in
dB.
d) Calculate the power received by the receiving earth antenna in dBW and the downlink signal to noise ratio.
e) Finally, calculate the total system signal to noise ratio in dB.

2. The Voyager spacecraft is currently transmitting data to earth from a distance of 12 billion km. Its antenna
diameter and aperture efficiency are 3.66 m and 60 %. The operating frequency is 8.415 GHz and Voyager’s
transmitter power is 18 W. Assume the same aperture efficiency for the 70-m receiving antenna at NASA’s
deep-space network at Goldstone, CA.
a) Calculate the spacecraft’s and earth’s antenna gains in dB. Calculate also the free-space loss in dB.
b) Calculate the achievable communication data rate in bits/sec between Voyager and earth using QPSK
modulation and assuming the following: an overall transmission loss factor of 5 dB, a system noise
temperature of 25 K, an energy-per-bit to noise-spectral- density ratio of Eb/N0 = 3.317 = 5.208 dB, which
for QPSK corresponds to a bit-error probability of Pe = 5×10−3.

3. Grafique el siguiente patrón de radiación para l = 0.25λ, 0.5λ, 0.75λ, y λ.

 l   l
cos  2 cos   − cos  2 
 l
f  ,  =     
  sin 
4. Diseñe una antena Yagi-Uda a 3 GHz (deben dar las dimensiones de la antena)

5. Grafique el siguiente patrón de radiación de una antena de corneta para l = 0.25λ, 0.5λ, 0.75λ, y λ.

 l 
sin   sin  
 l
f  ,  =   
  l
 sin 


6. Diseñe una antena Helicoidal a 3 GHz (deben dar las dimensiones de la antena)