Vol.

6 (3) : 193 - 196 (2004)

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SHORT COMMUNICATION

Tonnes Cane Per Tonne Sugar (TC/TS) - Quality

Ratio of Sugarcane Genetic Stocks at Different
Stages of Growth
S. Thangavelu
Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, Tamil Nadu. India

Thirty genetic stocks were studied for quality ratio (TC/TS) at six to thirteen months at monthly intervals.
Statistically significant differences of quality ratio TC/TS among clones, among stages and i n t e r a c t i o n
between clones and stages were found at 0.1% level. The range of tonnes cane per tonne sugar was 6.39
in CoC 671 at 12 months to 29.44 in Co 1148 at 6 months. As per mean TC/TS of eight stages, the range
was 7.69 in CoC 671 to 12.03 in Co 6304. Clones showing quality ratio of 6 to 8 were CoC 671, Co 7704,
Co 7201, Co 7204, Co 7712, Co 62174, Co 997, Co 6806, Co 7508, CoJ 64 and Co 7304 at 10 months and
quality ratio of 8 to 10 were recorded hy Co 678, CP 44-101, Co 1148, Co 62399, Co 62175, H 50-7209,
Co 6304, Co 617, Co 62101 and Co 419 at 12 months. Stage mean of thirty genetic stocks revealed that
the TC/TS quality ratio decreased from 16.82 at 6 months to 7.87 at 12 months and then increased to 7.98
at 13 months. By crossing suitable sugarcane genetic stocks it may be possible to get genotypes having
high cane yield and sucrose % juice so that clones can be released with quality ratio (TC/TS) below six.

KEYWORDS : Sugarcane, genetic stocks, quality ratio, time interval

Q u a l i t y ratio ( t o n n e s c a n e per t o n n e s of s u g a r - t o n n e s c a n e per ha was m o r e i m p o r t a n t than sugar

T C / T S ) i n d i c a t e s the c a n e q u a l i t y , the l o w e r the
q u a l i t y ratio, the higher the q u a l i t y of cane. C l e m e n t s
( 1 9 8 0 ) l c p o r t c d that T C / T S ratio r a n g e d from u n d e r
six on up and o b v i o u s l y the s m a l l e r the value the
b c t t c r the quality. A c c o r d i n g to C l e m e n t s ( 1 9 8 0 ) ,
e x c e l l e n t q u a l i t y on an irrigated p l a n t a t i o n m e a n t
high brix (15 - 19 %), m o d e r a t e purity (85 - 89 %),
and a low T C / T S ratio (7 - 8). The aim of most of
the b r e e d i n g p r o g r a m r n e s is to o b t a i n more s u g a r
per trait area and unit t i m e c o m p a r e d to the p r e s e n t
levels. To achieve this, both sucrose % cane and c a n e
y i e l d s h o u l d be i m p r o v e d . L e g e n d r e and B r e a u x
( 1 9 7 8 ) r e p o r t e d that s u g a r per ha was p o s i t i v e l y
a s s o c i a t e d with both s u c r o s e and s u g a r per t o n n e of
cane. A c c o r d i n g to K a n g e t al. (1983), there was
high positive direct effect of C . C . S . % on sugar y i e l d
than cane yield. P a n n u e t al. (1989) reported that
low c a n e yield or low s u g a r in .juice or both r e s u l t e d
in less p r o d u c t i o n of sugar. S r e e k u m a r e t al. (1989)
noted Ihat a m o n g the two c o r n p o n e n t s of sugar yield,
c a n e yield had h i g h e r c o n t r i b u t i o n than C . C . S . % .
Kang et al. (1985) reported that at p h e n o t y p i c a l level,
Author for Correspondence : S. Thangavelu
per t o n n e of c a n e r e l a t i v e l y m o r e i m p o r t a n t than
tonnes cane per ha. Reddy and R e d d y (1986) reported
that to i m p r o v e CCS yield, c a n e y i e l d s h o u l d be
i n c r e a s e d w h i l e m a i n t a i n i n g t h r e s h o l d l e v e l s of
s u c r o s e % in the j u i c e . S r i n i v a s a R a o e t al. (2000)
reported that c a n e and s u g a r yield t/ha r a n g e d from
83.21 and 11.67 in 93 R 113 to 134.62 and 18.61 in
92 V 206. Bora and S i n g h (2002) r e p o r t e d that Co
740 r e c o r d e d c a n e yield of 59.39 t/ha in p l a n t crop
which r e d u c e d to 51.90 t/ha in ratoon crop. N i r a n j a n a
M u r t h y et al. (2003) reported that Co 9 5 0 1 2 recorded
cane y i e l d of 134.6 t/ha in p l a n t crop and 102.0 t/ha
in ratoon crop and sugar y i e l d o f 18.8 t/ha in p l a n t
crop and 13.9 t/ha in r a t o o n crop and Co 8 6 0 3 2
recorded cane yield of 138.3 t/ha in p l a n t crop and
108.0 in r a t o o n crop and s u g a r y i e l d of 19.4 t/ha in
plant crop and 15.2 t/ha in ratoon crop. A n a t t e m p t
was made in the p r e s e n t study to find out q u a l i t y
ratio of thirty g e n e t i c stocks at d i f f e r e n t stages of
gl'owth and the results were p r e s e n t e d here in.
T h i r t y g e n e t i c stocks c o m p r i s i n g 22 Co canes, 3
state releases and 5 f o r e i g n h y b r i d s b e i n g u t i l i z e d in
b r e e d i n g p r o g r a m m e w e r e p l a n t e d in a s i m p l e
r e c t a n g u l a r 5 • 6 lattice d e s i g n in two r e p l i c a t i o n s
with a plot size of 8 rows of 6 m e t r e s length at 90

193
cm apart. A m o n g these, 13 clones are early maturing
and 17 clones are mid late/late maturing.
The clones are as follows :
E a r l y m a t u r i n g clones : Co 775, Co 997, Co
62174, Co 6806, Co 7201, Co 7204, Co 7304, Co
7508. Co 7704, Co 7712, Co J 64, Co C 671,
COA760 I
Mid late/late m a t u r i n g c l o n e s : Co 419, Co 617,
Co 678, Co 740, Co 853, Co 975. Co 1148, Co
62101, Co 62175, Co 62399, Co 6304, Co 7717, B
37172. CP- 101, H 50-7209, N Co 310, POJ 2878
R e c o m m c n d e d cultural practices (seed rate :
37,500 three budded sctts/ha, 75 kg P~_Os/ha as basal
and 250 kg N/ha and 120 kg K20/ha in two splits as
top dressings at 45 and 90 days) in vogue at this
institute were followed for raising the crops in red
sandy loam soil of the institute farm at Coimbatore
during the late season. Six canes were cut for each
sample from 6 to 13 months at monthly intervals
and juice obtained in small power crusher was used
for determination of spindle brix and sucrose by
following standard procedures (Chen, 1985).
C o m m e r c i a l cane sugar is d e r i v e d from the
following formula
C.C.S. per cent = IS - 0.4 (B - S)] x 0.73
whe,'e
B = Brix per cent juice, ,.and
S = Sucrose per cent juice
Cane yield per t/ha was derived by multiplying
one row millable cane weight with 1500. Sugar yield
tonnes per ha was determined by multiplying C.C.S
% and cane yield t/ha. Quality ratio was determined
by the formula :
Cane yield t/ha
Quality ratio (TC/TS ratio) =
Sugar yield t/ha
Meaq values of Tonnes cane/Tonnes sugar of the
30 sugarcane clones recorded at monthly intervals
from 6 to 13 months are presented in Table 1.
Differences of quality ratio TC / TS among clones,
among stages and interaction between clones and
stages were very highly significant at 0 . 1 % . As per
mea,~ tonnes canes per tonne sugar of eight stages,
the range was 7.69 i,a CoC 671 to 12.03 in Co 6304.
Perusal of Table I revealed the lowest tonnes canes
per tonne sugar was 6.39 in CoC 671 at 12 months
and the highest being 29.44 in Co 1148 at six months.
Significant interaction between clones and stages
revealed the differences between clones of a stage
were as follows: 12.37 in Co 7204 to 29.44 in Co
1148 at six months; 9.60 in Co 7204 to 25.51 in Co
6304 at seven months; 8.47 in CoC 671 to 17.78 in
Co 6304 at eight months; 7.20 in Co 7712 to 12.32
194
in Co 617 at nine months; 6.40 in CoC 671 to 10.14
in Co 62399 at ten months; 6.40 in CoC 671 to 9.65
at eleven months; 6.39 in CoC 671 to 9.45 in Co
1148 at twelve months; 6.83 in CoC 671 to 9.49 in
Co 1148 at thirteen months. Clements (1980) reported
the decreasing trend of tonnes cane per tonne sugar
from 11.0 in October to 6.5 in May. By recording
6.40 to 6.96 even at I0 months, CoC 671, Co 7204
and Co 7704 had showed the best quality clones than
others, Almost all the early maturing clones recorded
below 8.00 at ten months whereas late maturing
clones showed higher than 8.00. Even at twelve
months Co 740, Co 853, B 37172 and POJ 2878
recorded quality ratio below eight. Clones showing
quality ratio of 6 to 8 were CoC 671, Co 7704, Co
7201, Co 7204, Co 7712, Co 62174, Co 997, Co
6806, Co 7508, CoJ 64 and Co 7304 at 10 months
and quality ratio of 8 to 10 were recorded by Co
678, CP 44-101, Co 1148, Co 62399, Co 62175, H
50-7209, Co 6304, Co 617, Co 62101 and Co 419 at
12 months.
Stage mean of thirty genetic stocks revealed that
the TC/TS quality ratio decreased from 16.82 at six
months to 14.27 at seven months; from 11.87 at eight
months to 9.68 at nine months; from 8.26 at ten
months to 7.96 at eleven months; but increased from
7.87 at twelve months to 7.98 at thirteen months.
Interaction between stage and clone disclosed the
wide differences between stages of a clone in Co
1148 (29.44 at six months to 9.45 at twelve months),
Co 6304 (27.21 at six months to 8.47 at thirteen
months), Co 678 (24.85 at six months to 8.78 at
thirteen months), Co 617 (22.12 at six months to
8.37 at twelve months and Co 853( 22.92 at six
months to 7.93 at twelve months) and less differences
were observed in CoC 671 (12.64 at six months to
6.39 at twelve months), Co 7712 (12.84 at twelve
months to 6.72 at eleven months), Co 7201 (14.23 at
six months to 7.51 at eleven months, Co 6806 (14.70
at six months to 7.06 at thirteen months) and CoA
7601 (14.14 at six months to 7.67 at twelve months).
Clements (1980) reported that TC/TS ratio ranged
from under six on up and obviously the smaller the
figure the better the quality. In crop improvement
programmes, it may be possible to get genotypes
having both high cane yield and sucrose % juice
coupled with quality ratio tonnes cane per tonne
sugar (TC/TS) below six by judicious combination
of parents and screening methodology.
CONCLUSION
1. T C / T S ratio d i f f e r e d a m o n g c l o n e s and
b e t w e e n stages and i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n
clones and stages were found to be significant
at 0 . 1 % level.
2. Clones showing quality ratio of 6 to 8 were
CoC 671, Co 7704, Co 7201, Co 7204, Co
7712, Co 62174, Co 997, Co 6806, Co 7508,
CoJ 64 and Co 7304 at 10 months.