The textiles industry using computer science

Clothing – a very important aspect of our lifestyle. It does belong to our Past, Present and Future.
Attire of a person creates the first impression to anybody and everybody is conscious about it.
Fashion changes very fast and everyone wants to present themselves differently each time. This
creates demand for apparels hugely. To meet this demand, apparel production must have speedy
manufacturing. Computers can help in apparel production at different levels which has been
covered in this paper. This knowledge about computers in apparel production will help Designers,
Manufacturer and Entrepreneurs.

1. Introduction In today’s competitive international business environment, companies are

calling for new approaches to manufacturing. The growth in computer based technology
during the 1980s, coupled with the emergence of flexible manufacturing systems and just
in time inventory control forced movement away from the traditional product focused
manufacturing paradigms of the mass production era to that of a process focused paradigm.
Through the use of various computer aided technology in apparel sector attempts to pull
all of the functional areas of a business into a cohesive, organized, interactive and
wholesome. It includes actions as product/process design, manufacturing technology,
material acquisition, information resource management and total quality management.
Most of function in this sector utilizes activity of computer aided technologies to maintain
quality, speed new product development, minimize costs and maximize flexibility to
respond to ever changing customer needs. This use of computerized system in apparel
industry is not the same as a "lights out" factory, which would run completely independent
of human intervention, although it is a big step in that direction. Part of the system involves
flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be quickly modified to produce different
products, or where the volume of products can be changed quickly with the aid of
computers.

The textile market has been evolving, and printing has been gaining a foothold in this sizable
field, with screen-printing the initial choice for printing fabrics. However, the market for the
digital printing of textiles is emerging rapidly.

With the advent of digital printing for textiles, much has changed in recent years. Initially, inkjet
was used for prototyping and one-offs, as the time and cost of setting up screens made inkjet a
better value. Now, with the growth of customization as well as more efficient production
equipment, digital printing is becoming more mainstream.
“Digital technology has changed everything it has touched, including the textile and printing
markets,” said Fernando Urteaga, group manager, Professional Imaging, Epson America,
Inc. “Textile printing is a $7.5 billion market, and is projected to grow more than 34% orldwide,
providing outstanding opportunities.”

Nufar Kiryati, marcom manager for Bordeaux Digital PrintInk, noted that the textile industry is
one of the world’s largest industries, and it has come a long way.

“The textile printing industry represents 30 billion square meters of material volume on an
annual basis worldwide,” Kiryati said. “Industry data shows that after a decade of advances in
digital printing technologies for textile, only 2% of the world’s printed textiles are produced
digitally. The majority of digital printing on textiles is done today mainly on polyester fabrics
using dye sublimation.”

Types of printing on garment

Dye sublimation

A dye-sublimation printer is a computer printer which uses heat to transfer dye onto materials
such as a plastic, card, paper, or fabric. The sublimation name was first applied because the dye
was considered to make the transition between the solid and gas states without going through a
liquid stage.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQdPP04qEwU

Direct to garment printing

Direct to garment printing, also known as DTG printing, digital direct to garment printing, digital
apparel printing, D2, and inkjet to garment printing, is a process of printing on textiles and
garments using specialized or modified ink jet technology. The three key requirements for a
DTG printer are a way to hold the garment in a fixed position, an inkjet print head, and specialty
inks (inkjet textile inks) that are applied to the textile directly by the print head and are absorbed
by the garment's fibers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXx8joAXM6c

Computers in textile industry

http://penyrheol-comp.net/technology/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/06/computers-in-textile-
industry.pdf
Intelligent garments in prehospital emergency care
Prehospital emergency care is an essential part of the chain of survival in cases of trauma or
acutely exacerbated diseases. An emergency is a more or less urgent and dangerous situation,
because of weakening of some or many vital functions. Prehospital means the period before
arrival at hospital. Prehospital emergency care includes all diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

carried out by the ambulance (emergency care) team. This team consists of a paramedic and
emergency care technician. In some organisations also an emergency physician or nurse can be
involved. Appropriate medical control is crucial to guarantee high-quality prehospital care
(Holroyd et al., 1986). The organisation of emergency services differs greatly in different
countries, and even in different areas of a country (Suserud et al., 1998). For this reason

the facts included in this chapter cannot apply to each national organisation. In order to
understand the specific features of applications of smart textiles in prehospital care some of its
basic characteristics will be described. The working circumstances in prehospital emergency care
are difficult and the tasks are demanding. The ambulance team gets its actual ‘mission’

by alarm centre personnel, the initial information on the particular ‘case’ is based on the alarm
call and compiled mostly by someone who is inexperienced in health care. Each case is
individual and diagnosis can be initially obscure on arrival at the patient. What has happened,
what is the situation, how has it developed and what should be done, are logical questions in this
situation. Based on patients described symptoms and signs, a preliminary diagnosis

and estimation of degree of urgency are completed, but only on some certainty level. Clinical
assessment includes patient’s observations, measurements and palpations. However, these
manual operations, based on human sensation, cannot detect deviations from the norm of all vital
functions. Human senses can be clarified by patient monitors, which greatly supplement the
clinical picture, and also opens new areas for applications of smart textiles and
intelligent garments.

Different cases and situations

Emergency care services provide care and transportation for a range of different categories of
cases. There is a scale from extremely urgent, through urgent to non-urgent missions. There is
also a great variation in the disease or trauma that has caused the emergency and of which vital
functions deviate from normal and by how much. It will be necessary to estimate these
deviations from the normal range. If possible, it includes the stabilisation of vital functions and
hopefully returning them to a normal level before transportation.

Circumstances
The location and circumstances of incidents varies greatly. In most cases they occur at home, but
often also outdoors in different circumstances. The weather can be very cold, rainy and windy.
Also during transportation the patient is often exposed to outdoor conditions. A smart protection
against variable conditions is thus a challenge for emergency care services.

Vital functions
It is important that every organ in the human body has continuously optimal oscillating
homeodynamics under the continuous neuronal and hormonal control. These are functions that
are essential and vital for wellbeing. With the aid of intelligent garments it is possible to monitor
different vital functions, such as ECG, circulation, respiration, EMG and skin temperatures.

Consciousness
Central and peripheral nervous systems monitor and control the body’s functions and adapt them
to surrounding ambience and its variations. They protect the body against external/internal
influences and dangers. A fully conscious person can greatly facilitate the evaluation of a
situation and survey its possible reasons by expressing sensations of the body and explaining
their development. His/her important protective reflexes are active. Decrease of consciousness
level means always decrease of body security linearly with the loss of perception. Then the
danger of occlusion of airways increases as well as the probability of aspiration of gastric
contents to bronchi. Degrees of consciousness can be scaled based on eye opening, verbal and
motor response (Glasgow coma scale). The opening of eyes can be spontaneous, a response to
voice or to pain, or it is absent. The verbal response can be orientated, confused, inappropriate,
and incomprehensible or absent. There is practically no instrumental method to monitor the level
of consciousness.
 Bibliography
1. http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2017/vol3issue5/PartF/3-5-5-829.pdf
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdCsRu-exe4
3. Intelligent textiles and clothing, Edited by H. R. Mattila, WOODHEAD PUBLISHING
LIMITED,Cambridge, England
4. Computer technology for textiles and apparel, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011