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Instructional Plan in TLE - Grade 9

Electrical Installation and Building Maintenance

Name of Teacher Jonrell A. Layos Grade/Year Level 9

Learning Area: TLE Quarter: 2 Module: 2
Competency: Install electrical wiring systems using different types of wiring methods
Lesson No. 2 INSTALL ELECTRICAL LIGHTING SYSTEMS, AUXILIARY OUTLETS AND Duration 60 mins.
LIGHTING FIXTURES (minutes
/hours)
Key
Understanding to The learner demonstrates an understanding of the underlying principles in the installation of electrical lighting
be developed systems, auxiliary outlets and lighting fixtures.
Learning Knowledge Select appropriate electrical tools, equipment and materials for specific tasks.
Objectives Skills Troubleshoot a circuit board using a Multi-tester.
Attitude Appreciate the importance of a schematic diagram in troubleshooting.
Resources http://bin95.com/electrician_training.htm, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4qzMbpy0ks
Needed Video – www.youtube.com/3wayswitch
Circuit Board – wires, fixtures, junction box, flexible hose, clamps and electrical tools.
Elements of the Plan Methodology
Preparations Introduction Show a video of a house using 3-way switch.
- How will I make the learners (5mins)
ready?
- How do I prepare the
Questions: What part of the clip where you were impressed? Give your
learners for the new lesson? reasons. Would you like your house fixtures to have the same
- How will I connect my new features? Why?
lesson with the past lesson?
Divide the class into 3 groups. Each group will divide their members
Presentation Activity into different assigned task: A) Splicers B) Checkers C) Testers.
- (How will I present the new A. Splicers will join the wires together using the appropriate tool.
lesson?
- What materials will I use?
B. Checkers will check whether the wires to be splice are correct.
- What generalization C. The testers will check the continuity of the circuit.
/concept /conclusion D. Reader will interpret the schematic diagram.
/abstraction should the
learners arrive at?
E. Rubric Master will check if every task performed is in
accordance to the guides.
Each group will rewire an assigned circuit board which is disassembled.
Each group main aim is to make the circuit board functional.
Analysis From the given task
1. Is splicing the splicing the wire important? Why? What do you
think might it caused if it is not properly done?
2. Why is it important to check and recheck the wires before
making the splice?
3. What are the advantages of using a Multi-tester in this activity?
4. How does the schematic diagram help you in completing the
task?
Abstraction In troubleshooting, is it important to follow certain trouble shooting
approaches? Why?
Teacher Input:
The 5 Step Troubleshooting Approach consists of the following:

Preparation
Step 1 Observation
Step 2 Define Problem Area
Step 3 Identify Possible Causes
Step 4 Determine Most Probable Cause
Step 5 Test and Repair
Follow-up
Preparation
Before you begin to troubleshoot any piece of equipment, you must be familiar with
your organization’s safety rules and procedures for working on electrical equipment.
These rules and procedures govern the methods you can use to troubleshoot electrical
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equipment (including your lockout/tagout procedures, testing procedures etc.) and

must be followed while troubleshooting.
Next, you need to gather information regarding the equipment and the problem. Be
sure you understand how the equipment is designed to operate. It is much easier to
analyze faulty operation when you know how it should operate. Operation or equipment
manuals and drawings are great sources of information and are helpful to have
available. If there are equipment history records, you should review them to see if there
are any recurring problems. You should also have on-hand any documentation
describing the problem. (i.e., a work order, trouble report, or even your notes taken
from a discussion with a customer.)

Step 1 – Observe
Most faults provide obvious clues as to their cause. Through careful observation and a
little bit of reasoning, most faults can be identified as to the actual component with very
little testing. When observing malfunctioning equipment, look for visual signs of
mechanical damage such as indications of impact, chafed wires, loose components or
parts laying in the bottom of the cabinet. Look for signs of overheating, especially on
wiring, relay coils, and printed circuit boards.
Don't forget to use your other senses when inspecting equipment. The smell of burnt
insulation is something you won't miss. Listening to the sound of the equipment
operating may give you a clue to where the problem is located. Checking the
temperature of components can also help find problems but be careful while doing this,
some components may be alive or hot enough to burn you.

Pay particular attention to areas that were identified either by past history or by the
person that reported the problem. A note of caution here! Do not let these mislead you,
past problems are just that – past problems, they are not necessarily the problem you
are looking for now. Also, do not take reported problems as fact, always check for
yourself if possible. The person reporting the problem may not have described it
properly or may have made their own incorrect assumptions.

When faced with equipment which is not functioning properly you should:

o Be sure you understand how the equipment is designed to operate. It makes it

much easier to analyze faulty operation when you know how it should operate;
o Note the condition of the equipment as found. You should look at the state of the
relays (energized or not), which lamps are lit, which auxiliary equipment is
energized or running etc. This is the best time to give the equipment a thorough
inspection (using all your senses). Look for signs of mechanical damage,
overheating, unusual sounds, smells etc.;
o Test the operation of the equipment including all of its features. Make note of any
feature that is not operating properly. Make sure you observe these operations
very carefully. This can give you a lot of valuable information regarding all parts of
the equipment.

Step 2 – Define Problem Area

It is at this stage that you apply logic and reasoning to your observations to determine
the problem area of the malfunctioning equipment. Often times when equipment
malfunctions, certain parts of the equipment will work properly while others not.
The key is to use your observations (from step 1) to rule out parts of the equipment or
circuitry that are operating properly and not contributing to the cause of the
malfunction. You should continue to do this until you are left with only the part(s) that if
faulty, could cause the symptoms that the equipment is experiencing.

To help you define the problem area you should have a schematic diagram of the
circuit in addition to your noted observations.
Starting with the whole circuit as the problem area, take each noted observation and
ask yourself "what does this tell me about the circuit operation?" If an observation
indicates that a section of the circuit appears to be operating properly, you can then
eliminate it from the problem area. As you eliminate each part of the circuit from the
problem area, make sure to identify them on your schematic. This will help you keep
track of all your information.

Step 3 – Identify Possible Causes

Once the problem area(s) have been defined, it is necessary to identify all the possible
causes of the malfunction. This typically involves every component in the problem
area(s).

It is necessary to list (actually write down) every fault which could cause the problem
no matter how remote the possibility of it occurring. Use your initial observations to
help you do this. During the next step you will eliminate those which are not likely to
happen.

Step 4 – Determine Most Probable Cause

Once the list of possible causes has been made, it is then necessary to prioritize each
item as to the probability of it being the cause of the malfunction. The following are
some rules of thumb when prioritizing possible causes.
Although it could be possible for two components to fail at the same time, it is not very
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likely. Start by looking for one faulty component as the culprit.

The following list shows the order in which you should check components based
on the probability of them being defective:

o First look for components which burn out or have a tendency to wear out, i.e.
mechanical switches, fuses , relay contacts, or light bulbs. (Remember, that in the
case of fuses, they burn out for a reason. You should find out why before
replacing them.)
o The next most likely cause of failure are coils, motors, transformers and other
devices with windings. These usually generate heat and, with time, can
malfunction.
o Connections should be your third choice, especially screw type or bolted type.
Over time these can loosen and cause a high resistance. In some cases this
resistance will cause overheating and eventually will burn open. Connections on
equipment that is subject to vibration are especially prone to coming loose.
o Finally, you should look for is defective wiring. Pay particular attention to areas
where the wire insulation could be damaged causing short circuits. Don't rule out
incorrect wiring, especially on a new piece of equipment.

Step 5 – Test and Repair

Testing electrical equipment can be hazardous. The electrical energy contained in
many circuits can be enough to injure or kill. Make sure you follow all your companies
safety precautions, rules and procedures while troubleshooting.
Once you have determined the most probable cause, you must either prove it to be the
problem or rule it out. This can sometimes be done by careful inspection however, in
many cases the fault will be such that you cannot identify the problem component by
observation and analysis alone. In these circumstances, test instruments can be used
to help narrow the problem area and identify the problem component.

There are many types of test instruments used for troubleshooting. Some are
specialized instruments designed to measure various behaviors of specific equipment,
while others like the multimeters are more general in nature and can be used on most
electrical equipment. A typical multimeter can measure AC and DC Voltages,
Resistance, and Current.

A very important rule when taking meter readings is to predict what the meter will read
before taking the reading. Use the circuit schematic to determine what the meter will
read if the circuit is operating normally. If the reading is anything other than your
predicted value, you know that this part of the circuit is being affected by the fault.

Depending on the circuit and type of fault, the problem area as defined by your
observations, can include a large area of the circuit creating a very large list of possible
and probable causes. Under such circumstances, you could use a “divide and
eliminate” testing approach to eliminate parts of the circuit from the problem area. The
results of each test provides information to help you reduce the size of the problem
area until the defective component is identified.

Once you have determined the cause of the faulty operation of the circuit you can
proceed to replace the defective component. Be sure the circuit is locked out and you
follow all safety procedures before disconnecting the component or any wires.

After replacing the component, you must test operate all features of the circuit to be
sure you have replaced the proper component and that there are no other faults in the
circuit. It can be very embarrassing to tell the customer that you have repaired the
problem only to have him find another problem with the equipment just after you leave.

Please note, Testing is a large topic and this article has only touched on the highlights.

Follow up
Although this is not an official step of the troubleshooting process it nevertheless
should be done once the equipment has been repaired and put back in service. You
should try to determine the reason for the malfunction.
o Did the component fail due to age?
o Did the environment the equipment operates in cause excessive corrosion?
o Are there wear points that caused the wiring to short out?
o Did it fail due to improper use?
o Is there a design flaw that causes the same component to fail repeatedly?
Through this process further failures can be minimized. Many organizations have their
own follow-up documentation and processes. Make sure you check your organization’s
procedures.

Adopting a logical and systematic approach such as the 5 Step Troubleshooting

Approach can help you to troubleshoot like an expert!

Watch :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4qzMbpy0ks
What are the possible things that might happen if we will not be
cautious in dealing with electricity?
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Practice Application Divide the class into 3 groups. Each group will divide their members
- What practice into different assigned task: A) Splicers B) Checkers C) Testers.
exercises/application A. Splicers will join the wires together using the appropriate tool.
activities will I give to B. Checkers will check whether the wires to be splice are correct.
the learners?
C. The testers will check the continuity of the circuit.
D. Reader will interpret the schematic diagram.
Each group will rewire an assigned circuit board which is disassembled.
Each group main aim is to make the circuit board functional.

Teacher Input: Working with troubleshooting is not an easy job. The

risk is very high if it’s not performed correctly. The rubric is a reminder
on how things should be done properly but in the real situation what
matter most is being cautious.
Assessment Assessment Matrix
Levels of Assessment What will I assess? How will I assess? How will I score?
(Refer to Knowledge
DepED Order Process or Skills
No. 73, s.
Understanding(s) The importance of Write at least 2 Criteria:
2012 for the Organization-25
following the paragraphs on the
examples) Content- 50
procedures in Importance of
Troubleshooting. Troubleshooting Relevance- 25
Total 100
procedures.
Product/performances
(Transfer of
Understanding)
Assignment Reinforcing the
day’s lesson
Enriching the
day’s lesson
Enhancing the
day’s lesson
Preparing for the What are PPE? Give examples of PPE’s.
new lesson How does it protect us from possible ergonomic hazards?
Concluding Wrap-up
Activity Finale
(Optional)

Prepared by:

JONRELL A. LAYOS
TLE-9 Teacher
Corrected and Approved for Demo:

JUSTINO H. CATIPAY
SCHOOL HEAD - CASILI NIGHT HIGH SCHOOL