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Damping Properties of Materials PDF
Damping Properties of Materials PDF
By Tom Irvine
Email: tomirvine@aol.com
November 8, 2004
________________________________________________________________________
The purpose of this tutorial is to give typical damping values for various materials and
systems.
The data in Tables 1 and 2 is taken from Reference 1.
Table 1.
Static Properties of Materials under Standard Conditions
(approx. 20° C).
Elastic Shear
Density Modulus Modulus Poisson’s
Material 3 2 2 Ratio
(kg/m ) (N/m ) (N/m )
9 9
Aluminum 2700 72 (10 ) 27 (10 ) 0.34
9 9
Lead 11,300 17 (10 ) 6 (10 ) 0.43
9 9
Iron 7800 200 (10 ) 77 (10 ) 0.30
9 9
Steel 7800 210 (10 ) 77 (10 ) 0.31
9 9
Gold 19,300 80 (10 ) 28 (10 ) 0.423
9 9
Copper 8900 125 (10 ) 46 (10 ) 0.35
9 9
Magnesium 1740 43 (10 ) 17 (10 ) 0.29
9 9
Brass 8500 95 (10 ) 36 (10 ) 0.33
9 9
Nickel 8900 205 (10 ) 77 (10 ) 0.30
9 9
Silver 10,500 80 (10 ) 29 (10 ) 0.37
9 9
Bismuth 9800 3.3 (10 ) 1.3 (10 ) 0.38
9 9
Zinc 7130 13.1(10 ) 5 (10 ) 0.33
9 9
Tin 7280 4.4 (10 ) 1.6 (10 ) 0.39
1
Table 2.
Dynamic Properties of Materials under Standard Conditions (approx. 20° C)
Propagation Propagation
Material Velocity of Velocity of Longitudinal Loss Flexural Loss
Longitudinal Torsional Factor Factor
Wave in a Rod Wave
(meters/sec) (meters/sec)
Aluminum 5200 3100 ( )
0.3 to 10 10 − 5 ≈ 10− 4
5 to 30 (10 − 2 ) (
≈ 2 10− 2 )
Lead
(pure) 1250 730
Lead
(including
antimony) ( )
1 to 4 10 − 3
2 to 7 (10 − 4 )
Copper
(single crystal)
Magnesium 5000 3100 ≈ 10− 4
Brass 3200 2100 (
0.2 to 1 10 − 3 ) < 10 −3
Nickel 4800 2900 < 10 −3
Notes:
1. Some loss factors are unavailable.
2. The relationship between the loss factor η and the viscous damping ratio ξ is:
η = 2ξ .
2
The data in Table 3 is taken from Reference 2.
3
Table 5. Footbridge Damping
Buildings ( h ~ 50 m)
4
The data in Table 7 is taken from Reference 1.
Table 7.
Mechanical Properties of Building Materials under Standards Conditions
Elastic Longitudinal
Density Modulus Wavespeed Loss Factor
Material
(g/cm3) (dyne/cm2) (cm/sec)
Asbestos
2.0 28e+10 3.7e+05 0.7-2e-02
Concrete
Asphalt 1.8 - 2.3 7.7e+10 1.9e+05 0.38
5
The damping values in the tables should be used with caution. There are many types of
damping, such as viscous, hysteresis, acoustic coupling, air pumping at joints, energy
radiation to the soil, etc. Also, boundaries and bearings contribute damping.
Furthermore, structures have many modes. Each mode may have a unique damping
value.
References