BAB VI

SPESIFIKASI ALAT

A. TANGKI BUFFER
Fungsi : mencampurkan adonan jelly dengan buffer sehingga dapat
mempertahankan pH-nya

Kondisi operasi :
Proses : continue
Suhu : 0C
P : 1 atm
Waktu proses : 15 menit

d1

hd th

ts
Keterangan :
Ds : Diameter shell
Hs : Tinggi shell
hd : Tinggi dish
th : Tebal dish
d1 : Diameter inlet air
d2 : Diameter outlet
Hs Da : Diameter impeler
pb : panjang blade
pb lb : lebar blade
lb
Da
Ds

hd
th

d2
 komponen Massa (kg) Fraksi berat (x) Sg Volume (m3) P (kg/m3)
Adonan permen 2020,205 0,997 1,261 1,602 1261,365
jelly
Buffer sodium 6.061 0,003 1,008 0,006 1008,262
sitrat

total 2026,226 1 2,270 1,608 2269,628

1. Densitas (ρ)
Densitas adonan (ρ)= 1261,365541 kg/m3
Densitas buffer (ρ)= 1008,262 kg/m3
Densitas air (ρ) = 1000 kg/m3

2. Nilai sg
 sg adonan permen jelly = ρ adonan/ρ air;
=1261,365 /1000
= 1,261
 sg buffer =ρ buffer /ρ air
=1008,262/1000
= 1,008
3. Fraksi bahan
 x adonan = massa adonan /massacampuran
= 2020,187/2026,248
= 0,997
 x buffer = massa buffer /massacampuran
= 6,061/2026,266
= 0,003

4. Volume bahan
(fraksi bahan x massa campuran)
Volume bahan = (sg bahan x ρ air 30˚C )
(0,997 x 2026,266)
 Volume adonan = (1,261 x 1000)
= 1,602 m3
(0,347 x 2026,266)
 Volume buffer = (1,008 x 1000)
= 0,006 m3
 Volume total = 1,608m3
𝑚3 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
 Volume = 1,608ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 x 0,25 𝑗𝑎𝑚
 𝑚3
= 6,430 𝑗𝑎𝑚
a. Volume Mixer:
Volume mixer dengan 20% faktorkeamanan, maka
100 x volume total
Volume silo = (100−20)
= 100/80 x 1,608
= 2,009 m3

b. Dimensi Tangki
Direncanakan H = 3/2D
Volume flange dan dished head = 0,000049D3(Brownell, hal 88)
π x D2 x H
Volume sheel = (𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑙, ℎ𝑎𝑙 41)
4
Volume mixer = volume shell+ volume flange&dished head
𝑚3 3D 2 D
6,430 𝑗𝑎𝑚 = + 2 x 0,000049D3
8
D3 = 5,460
D = 1,761 meter
H = 3/2 D
= 2,641 meter
c. Tekanan (P) Design
Poperasi = 1 atm = 14,7 psi
Pdesign = 1,05 (Poperasi)
= 1,05 (14,7 psi)
= 15,435 psi
d. Tebal Shell
PR
ts   C (Brownell, 254)
fE  0.6 P
Dimana ; ts = tebal shell
P = tekanan design
R = jari-jari shell
f = tegangan maksimum yang diijinkan
E = faktor pengelasan
C = faktor korosi
Untuk menentukan tebal shell, dibutuhkan data-data sebagai berikut:
 Bahan yang digunakan : Carbon steel SA 212 grade A (Brownell, hal 251)
 Tegangan maximum (f) : 16250 (Brownell, hal 251)
 Pengelasan : Double welded butt joint
 Faktor pengelasan (E) : 0,8 (Brownell,254)
 Faktor korosi (C) : 0,125
 Sehingga:
PR
 ts   C = 0,126 inchi
fE  0.6 P
 ID = D = 1,761 meter = 69,331 inchi
 OD = ID + 2(ts) = 69,331+ 2 (0,126) = 69,6154 inchi
 ID = OD- 2 (ts) = 69,6154– 2 (0,126) = 69,331 inchi
e. Tebal Fange dan Dished Head
 rc = radius crown = ID = 1,761 meter = 69,331 inchi
inside radius pada shell (ri) = 6% rc= 4,15986 inchi
Menentukan stress-intensification factor untuk torispherical dish head:
rc 69,331
 W = 1/4 (3 + ) = 1/4 (3 + )
ri 4,15986
= 1,7706 inchi
Prc W
th  C
2 fE - 0,2 P
15,435 x69,331x1 ,7706
=  0,125 = 0,198 inchi
2 x16250 x0,8 - 0,2 x15,435
OD = ID + 2th
= 69,331+ 2 (0,198) inchi
= 69,727 inchi
f. Tenaga Pengaduk (N)
Direncanakan menggunakan pengaduk jenis propeller dengan 4 buah baffle ( karena μ
larutan < 3 kg/m.s)
Da = 1/3 Dt (Geankoplis, 144)
C/Dt = 1/3 (Geankoplis, 144)
W/Da = 1/5 (Geankoplis, 144)
J/Dt = 1/12 (Geankoplis, 144)
L/Da = ¼ (Geankoplis, 144)
Dimana : Da = Diameter pengaduk
Dt = Diameter tangki
C = Jarak pengaduk ke dasar tangki
W = Lebar pengaduk
J = Lebar baffle
L = Panjang pengaduk
Sehingga:
 Dt = 1,761 meter
 Da = 1/3 Dt
= 1/3 x 1,761 meter
= 0,587 meter
  C = Da x 1
= 0,587 x 1
= 0,587 meter
 Nref = 400 rpm
= 400 / 60 = 6,667 rps
400
 N alat =
 x Da
400
=  217,061rpm
3,14 x 0587
= 3,617 rps
 Np = 0,9 (Figure 3.4-4 Geankoplis, hal 145)
P
 Np 
N 3 Da 5
𝑃
0,9 = 1217,7965 (3,617)3 (0,587)5
P = 3614,5419 W
=4,847 HP
 η motor = 95% (Peter, hal 521)
 Power pengaduk = P/η motor x 100%
= 5,102 HP

g. DesainTutup
Dari gambar 5.8 Brownell & Younghalaman 87
OD

OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r

Gambar 1. Dimensi dari dished head

Diketahui : icr = 3,625

Sf = 1,5
Ditentukan:
A = ½ ID = 69,331/2 = 34,665 in
AB = A – icr
= 34,665 – 3,625 = 31,0405 in
 BC = ID – icr
= 69,331 – 3,625 = 65,706 in
AC = BC 2  AB 2 = 57,912 in
b = ID – AC = 11,419 in
OA = ts + b + sf
= 0,126 + 11,419 + 1,5
= 13,045 in
SPESIFIKASI MIXER:
 Jumlah =1
 Tipe reaktor = reaktor mixed flow
 Volume mixer = 2,009 m3
 Diameter = 1,761 meter
 Tinggi = 2,641 meter
 ID = 69,331 inchi
 Tebal shell = 0,126 inchi
 OD = 69,6154 inchi
 Bahan = stainless steel
PENGADUK
 Tipe = propeller dengan 4 blade paddle
 Jumlah = 1 buah
 Diameter = 0,587 meter
 Power pengaduk = 5,102HP