BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI - KK BIRLA

GOA CAMPUS
FIRST SEMESTER 2013-2014

MATHEMATICS - III
Tutorial–1

1. Classify the following differential equations (order, linear, nonlinear)

( )2
d3 y dy dy d2 y dy
(i) 3 + 4 = y, (ii) + 2y = sin x, (iii) y 2 + 2x + y = 0,
dx dx dx dx dx
d4 y dy 2
d y 6
d y
(iv) 4 + sin x + x2 y = 0, (v) (1 + y2 ) 2 + x 6 + y = e x .
dx dx dx dx
2. Solve the following differential equations

√ dy √ dy dy
(i) 2 x = 1 − y2 , (ii) (x2 + 1)(tan y) = x, (iii) x2 = 1 − x 2 + y2 − x 2 y2 .
dx dx dx
3. Verify that the following equations are homogeneous, and solve them:
( y ) dy (y)
(i) (x2 − 2y2 )dx + xydy = 0, (ii) x sin = y sin
+ x,
′
x dx x
(iii) x2 y = y2 + 2xy, (iv) (x2 + xy)dy = (y2 − xy)dx,
dy
(v) x2 = y2 + xy + x2 ,
dx
4. If ae , bd, show that constants h and k can be chosen in such a way that the substitutions
x = z − h, y = w − k reduce ( )
dy ax + by + c
=F
dx dx + ey + f
to a homogeneous equation.
dy ax + by + m
5. Show that the differential equation = , where a, b, m, c, d, n are constants, can
dx cx + dy + n
dy ax + by
be reduced to = if ad − bc , 0. Then, find the general solution of
dx cx + dy
y−x+1
(i) (1+x−2y)+(4x−3y−6)y′ = 0, (ii) y′ = , (iii) (x+2y+3)+(2x+4y−1)y′ = 0.
y−x+5
6. Solve the following equations

dy x + y + 4 dy x + y + 4
(i) = , (ii) (2x + 3y − 1)dx − 4(x + 1)dy = 0, (iii) = .
dx x − y − 6 dx x + y − 6
7. Determine which of the following equations are exact, and solve the ones that are:
( ) ( )
2 1 x x
(i) x + dy + ydx = 0, (ii) − dx + 2 sin dy = 0,
y y y y
y x
(iii) dx = dx + dy, (iv) 2x sin y dx + x2 cos y dy = 0.
1−x y
2 2 1 − x 2 y2
 ydx − xdy
8. Solve + dy = dx as an exact equation in two ways, and reconcile the results.
(x + y)2
∂M ∂N
∂y
− ∂x
∫
9. If is a function g(z) of the product z = xy, then show that µ = e g(z)dz
is an integrating
Ny − Mx
factor for the equation M(x, y)dx + N(x, y)dy.

10. Solve each of the following equations by finding an integrating factor

(a) (xy − 1)dx + (x2 − xy)dy = 0, (b) ydx + (x − 2x2 y3 )dy = 0,

(c) (x3 + xy3 )dx + 3y2 dy = 0, (d) xdy + ydx + 3x3 y4 dy = 0.

11. Under what circumstances will equation M(x, y)dx + N(x, y)dy have an integrating factor that
is a function of the sum z = x + y?

12. Write the linear equation in the form Mdx + Ndy = 0 and use the idea of exact equations to
show that this equation has an integrating factor µ that is a function of x alone. Find µ and
obtain the solution.

13. Solve the following linear equations

′ 1 dx
+ 2yx = e−y ,
2
(i) y + y = , (ii)
1 + ex dy
′ di
(iii) y + y = 2xe−x + x2 , (iv) L + Ri = E sin kt (Simple Electric Circuit).
dt
14. Solve the following equations as a linear differential equations

′ x ′
(i) xdy + ydx = xy2 dx, (ii) y + xy = , y , 0, (iii) (ey − 2xy)y = y2 .
y3
15. Solve the following equations (using reduction of order)

′′ ′ ′′ ′
(i) yy + (y )2 = 0, (ii) xy + y = 4x,
′′ ′ ′′ ′
(iii) y = 1 + (y )2 , (iv) y + (y )2 = 1.