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  • Pa Tho Physiology of Congestive Heart Failure

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    Erin Marie
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    1. The document discusses several congenital heart diseases including transposition of the great arteries, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 2. It outlines the pathophysiology of each condition, including how the abnormal heart structure leads to problems like mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood or increased blood pressure and workload on the heart. 3. The clinical manifestations of each condition are explained, from cyanosis at birth to later complications like heart failure, impaired growth, and organ dysfunction if left untreated.

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    1. The document discusses several congenital heart diseases including transposition of the great arteries, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 2. It outlines the pathophysiology of each condition, including how the abnormal heart structure leads to problems like mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood or increased blood pressure and workload on the heart. 3. The clinical manifestations of each condition are explained, from cyanosis at birth to later complications like heart failure, impaired growth, and organ dysfunction if left untreated.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    188 views3 pages

    Pa Tho Physiology of Congestive Heart Failure

    Uploaded by

    Erin Marie
    1. The document discusses several congenital heart diseases including transposition of the great arteries, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 2. It outlines the pathophysiology of each condition, including how the abnormal heart structure leads to problems like mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood or increased blood pressure and workload on the heart. 3. The clinical manifestations of each condition are explained, from cyanosis at birth to later complications like heart failure, impaired growth, and organ dysfunction if left untreated.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 3

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

    (Transposition of the Great Arteries, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) and Pneumonia

    Predisposing factor: Precipitating factors:


    - Gender : Male - Maternal physical abuse
    - Maternal depression
    - Antibiotic therapy for bacterial infection during
    1st trimester
    - 90% unknown (Lipincott, 2008)
    Double inlet, double
    outlet
    (Echocardiography)

    Insufficient septal
    wall between Transposition of the Aorta Transposition of the PA
    ventricles

    ↓ receiving pressure Unoxygenated blood Oxygenated ↑ end-


    Blood is shunted of aorta from RV is sent to systemic blood is sent to systolic
    from left ventricle to circulation pulmonary pressure
    right ventricle circulation
    Narrowing of orifice Aortic
    between RV and aorta Stenosis Moderate,
    (Echocardiograp Cyanotic pulmonary Pulmonary
    Mixing of arterial systolic
    at birth pressure by Arterial
    oxygenated and ↑ Resistance to blood pulmonary Hypertension
    unoxygenated blood flow from RV acceleration time
    = 66mmHg
    Cardio (Echocardiography
    megaly )
    Faint pulses
    ↓ CO ↑ RV workload (Chest Pulmonary capillary
    X– pressure exceedws
    Ray) ↑ Wall stiffens pulmonary osmotic
    RV hypertrophy ↓ Contractility pressure
    Delayed capillary refill
    Legend:

    - S/Sx not manifested by Patient

    - S/Sx manifested by patient

    - Possible events that could happen to the patient if the disease progresses

    - Diagnostic Results/Tests

    O2 - Oxygen

    CO - Cardiac Output
    Patent ductus
    Patent Ductus Arteriosus arteriosus,
    PA - Pulmonary Artery
    measuring
    4mm with
    maximum
    systolic
    Chronic excessive pressure
    pulmonary blood flow gradient =
    6mmHg

    Cough

    Crackles

    Fluid shifting from


    intravascular to Pulmonary Paroxysmal
    interstitial space Edema nocturnal
    dyspnea
    Hypoperfusion Congestive
    Heart Failure

    Jugular Vein
    Activation of ↓ Available Chronic Distention
    sympathetic Nutrients hypoperfusion
    Nervous System

    ↑ O2 and nutrient demand


    due to physical growth
    ↑ Heart Rate
    Impaired Retarded
    ↑ Respiratory Rate
    Immune Growth
    function
    O2 supply and
    ↓ Energy demand: imbalance
    Level

    Tissue Hypoxia

    Generalized Early Impaired Cellular


    pallor clubbing metabolism

    Organ
    dysfunction

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