kz' pTkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt

lgb]{lzsf / sfo{ljlwx?sf]
;+ufnf]

g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
kz' ;]jf ljefu
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/
kmf]g g+= )!–%%@@)#!, %%$@(!$
Email : dolp@wlink.com.np
Website : www.dolp.gov.np

kf}if, @)&)
 e'ldsf
kz'k+IfLkfng Joj;fonfO{ ljljlws/0f, Jofj;flos/0f, cfod"ns tyf ;Ddflgt
k]zfsf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L s"n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf pNn]vgLo ?kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]
lb3{sflng p2]Zosf ;fy kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] ljutsf jif{x?b]lv g} j[xQ/
ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd, u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmd, ck:s]lnË
Jofj;flos afv|fkfng sfo{qmd, rlqmo a+u'/ ljsf; sfo{qmd, e'ldlxg ljkGg s[ifs
nlIft kz' ljsf; sfo{qmd, Plss[t e]8f ljsf; sfo{qmd, b"w pTkfbg k|j4{gsf
nflu o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n Ans gd"gf k|bz{g tyf k|ljlw lj:tf/ sfo{qmd, kz'k+IfL
cfg'jf+lzsL >f]t :j–:yfg, ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / pkof]u sfo{qmd, s[lqd uef{wfg
cleofg h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{b]lv gofF sfo{qmdsf
?kdf NofOPsf o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd cGtu{t 8]/L ljz]if sfo{qmd, Jofj;flos a+u'/,
afv|f kmfd{ k|j4{g sfo{qmd, ;fd'bflos afv|f >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd, ufO{sf] >f]t
s]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd, kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmdsf ;fy} ljutsf
jif{b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;d]t cem} k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{
;xh agfpg] p2]Zon] ut tyf o; jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf dfggLo ljefuLo dGqLHo" /
;lrjHo"sf] :t/af6 :jLs[t ePsf o; lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf lgb]{lzsf / sfo{ljlwx?
nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L of] k'l:tsf tof/ kf/L k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
lgb]{lzsf tyf sfo{ljlwx?sf] tof/L ug]{ sfo{b]lv ljleGg >f]taf6 ;fdfu|Lx? ;+sng
u/L k'l:tsfnfO{ o; ?kdf Nofpgsf] nflu cys k|of; ug'{ePsf o; lgb]{zgfnosf
jl/i7 clws[tx? ljz]if u/L j=k=lj=c= 8f= bdoGtL >]i7, j=k=lj=c= 8f= nf]s gfy
kf}8]n / k=lj=c= 8f= gljg l3ld/]nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . o; k'l:tsfn] s]Gb| tyf
lhNnfx?df kz' pTkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{df yk ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
5 eGg] s'/fdf k"0f{ ljZj:t 5' .
wGojfb Û

8f= lbg]z k|;fb k/fh'nL

sfo{qmd lgb]{zs
 ljifo;"rL
k[i7
qm=;+= ljifo
;+Vof
kz'k+IfL cfg'jfFlzsL >f]t :j–:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da{4g /
! !
pkof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^(
;fd'bflos afv|f >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng
@ !&
lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
# pGgt ufO{ >f]ts]Gb| lgb]{lzsf, @)&) #(
kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;~rfng
$ ^^
lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
ufO{e}+;Lsf] j+z ;'wf/, ;+/If0f PjF df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu
% **
kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;~rfng
^ !$!
lgb]{lzsf —@)^* -bf]>f] ;+zf]wg — @)&)_
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf]
& !^!
sfo{ljlw, @)^$ -klxnf] ;+;f]wg–@)&)_
3fF;]afnLsf] Jofj;flos ljp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f
* !&^
sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&)
( o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&) @)!
 kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da{4g / pkof]u sfo{qmd
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^(
-kz' ;]jf ljefu, dxflgb]{zs:t/sf] ldlt @)^(÷*÷^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

k[i7e'ld
s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] kz'k+IfL h}ljs ljljwtf dfgj
hfltsf] cfwf/e"t vfB kf]if0f ;'/Iff tyf lhljsf]kfh{g, ul/jL Go'lgs/0f / lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu
ckl/xfo{ /xL cfPsf] 5 . dfgj cfxf/fdf b"w, km'n / df;'af6 kz'hGo k|f]6Lg cfk"lt{ ug{,
dfn;fdfg 9'jfgL, oftfoft tyf v]ltsf nfuL vghf]tsf ;fwg, /];f, n'uf, dn tyf OGwgsf
nflu uf]a/, lzsf/sf nflu ;xof]u tyf laqmLsf nflu pTkfbg lbP/ dfgjsf] cfjZostf k"lt{
ug{ kz'k+5Lx?n] of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ .
kz' pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g, ofGqLs/0f, ;Lldt kz' cfxf/f pknAwtf, r/g If]qsf
;|f]tsf] Ifo, k|fs[lts ljklQ, ljleGg /f]ux¿sf] pTklQ, 7f]; k|hgg\ gLltsf] cefj, pRr pTkfbg
lbg] jfXo kz'sf] gZn :yfkgfdf j9L Wofg lbOPsf], kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] ;f+:s[lts Jojxf/,
k/Dk/fut ;+:yfx¿ / ;fdflhs ;DaGwdf Ifo, hg;ª\Vofsf] j[l4 / zx/Ls/0fsf] k|efj /
lbuf]kgf, kz'k+IfL cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0fsf nflu kof{Kt gLlt tyf /0fgLltut ljsf;sf] cefjsf
sf/0f s]xL :yfgLo kz'k+IfLsf gZnx? nf]k x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . Ps hflt leqsf klxrfg
ePsf / cGo gZn;+u k|hgg u/fpg gx'g] gZnsf kz'k+5Lx? ljr klg k|hgg u/fOg] ePsf]n]
sltko kz'k+IfLsf] cfg'jf+zLsL >f]t nf]k x'g] jf hftLo z'4tf g/xg] l:ylt /x]sf 5g\ . oL
kz'k+IfLhGo cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tx? Ps k6s nf]k eO;s]kl5 k'gM k|fKt ug{ ;lsb}g .
pGgt hftsf] t'ngfdf :yflgo hftsf kz'k+IfLsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj Ifdtf w]/}
sd x'g], klxnf] kN6 Jofpg] pd]/ tyf Ps j]taf6 csf]{ j]tsf] cGt/ jl9 x'g] ePtfklg
logLx?sf] ljz]if u'0fsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t /fi6«sf] nflu ax'd"No 5g\ . :yflgo
xfjfkfgL÷jftfj/0fdf /fd|f];+u x's{g / km:6fpg ;Sg], sl7gtd k|fs[lts jftfj/0f ;xg ;Sg],
/f]uJofwL sd nfUg] / ;fgf] zf/Ll/s cfsf/, ;fdfGo Joj:yfkgdf klg kfNg ;lsg], ax'pkof]uL,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / wfld{s dxTj, cfo cfh{gsf] dfWod tyf cfwf/e"t vfB kf]if0f ;'/Iffsf] nflu
ckl/xfo{ h:tf u'0fx? kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzssf ;jn kIfx? /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf]] xfjfkfgL, jf;:yfg, ef}uf]lns agfj6, v]tL / kz'kfng k|0ffnL, k/Dk/fut wd{,
;+:s[lt, /xg;xgsf] ljljwtfn] ubf{ ;+VofTds / ljljwtfTds ?kdf kz'k+IfLsf] cfg'j+lzs
;|f]tx?df g]kfn wgL /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ufO{df n'n', c5fdL, l;/L, v}nf, kxf8L, t/fO{ / ofs gfs
e};Ldf lnd], kf/sf]6] / u8\8L afv|fdf RofËu|f, l;Gxfn, v/L / t/fO{ e]8fdf nfdk'R5/], j?jfn,
sfu] / EofËn'Ë, ;'+u'/df jfdk'8\s], x'/f{, Rjf+r] s'v/fdf ;flsgL, 3f+6L v'On], Kjf+v pN6] / h'DnL
3f]8f ul/ @% :yflgo k|hftLsf kz'k+IfLx?sf] klxrfg ePsf 5g\ . ;dosf] cGt/fn;+u} sltko
:yflgo kz'k+IfLsf cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t nf]k eO;s]sf / s]xLsf] hflto nf]k x'g nfu]sf] tYo ljleGg
cWoog cg';Gwfgn] k|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf kfngkf]if0f ul/+b} cfPsf

1
sltko :yflgo gZnsf kz'k+IfLx? nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf ePsf]n] ltgLx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g
ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ cToGt h?/L ePsf] 5 .
g]kfn ;d]t ;xeflu /x]sf] ;g\ !((@ df jflh|nsf] l/of] b h]gl/of]df ;DkGg k[YjL
;Dd]ngåf/f kfl/t 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] cfg'jf+lzsL >f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ug]{ k|lta4tf
sfof{Gjog ug{ tyf ;g\ !((# df g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL dxf;GwL
-Convention on Biological Diversity_ sf] wf/f ^ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|To]s b]zn] h}ljs
ljljwtf cGtu{t :jb]zL 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] cfg'jf+lzsL >f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ug]{ gLlt
tyf /0fgLlt ljsf; u/L nfu' ug{'kg]{ k|fjwfgnfO{ kfngf ug{ / ;g\ @))& df :jLh/Nof08sf]
OG6/n]sgdf cfof]lht g]kfn nufot ;xefuL cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] kfl/t u/]sf] kz' cfg'jf+lzs
ljljwtfsf] x|f; /f]Sg] tyf ltgsf] ;|f]tsf] lbuf] ¿kdf pkof]u ug]{ ljZj sfo{of]hgfsf /0fgLlts
k|fyldstfx¿sf] cfwf/df g]kfndf klg kz' cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0fsf] nflu lb3{sflng
sfo{of]hgf kfl/t x'g] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .
cfh ljZjsf k|ljlw ;DkGg wgL d'n'sx?n] ul/a /fi6«sf] h}ljs ;Dkbfsf] cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t
k|of]u u/L gof+ k|ljlwsf] gfdn] gof+ gfpF lbP/ Psflwsf/ hdfPsf pbfx/0f kfOG5g\ . o;y{ o:tf
;|f]tx?nfO{ eljiosf ;GttLx?n] ;d]t pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] pko'St jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{, b]z, :yfg
ljz]if s[ifs ;d'bfosf] klxrfg lbg / kxF'r tyf nfesf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug{ o:tf ;|f]tx?sf]
/fd|f u'0fx? klxrfg u/L pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj Ifdtf j[l4sf] nflu logLx?sf] ljljwtf tyf
ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ u'0fx?sf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f, ljsf; / ;d'lrt pkof]u ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5
. ctM /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf / s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf gLlt @)^#, lqjlif{o s[lif
of]hgf -)^&÷)^*–)^(÷&)_ nufotsf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf] nflu kz'k+5L cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t :j–:yfg
;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -s_ of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd ækz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f,
;Da{4g / pkof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^(Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-v_ of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno÷kz' ;]jf
ljefuaf6 l:js[t ePkl5 nfu' x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiffM laifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf –
-s_ ælgb]{lzsfÆ eGgfn] ækz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da{4g / pkof]u sfo{qmd
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^(Æ nfO{ ;+emg' kb{5 .
-v_ æsfo{qmdÆ eGgfn] ækz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da{4g / pkof]u sfo{qmdÆ
;+emg' kb{5 .
-u_ æcfg'j+lzs Æ eGgfn] j+zf0f'ut u'0f /x]sf] s'g} klg k|sf/sf 3/kfn'jf kz'k+5Lsf] k"0f{ jf
cf+lzs efu jf ;f]sf] lqmofTds O{sfO{nfO{ ;+emg' kb{5 .

2
 3_ æcfg'j+lzs ;|f]tÆ eGgfn] ljz]if ?kdf vfBkf]if0f tyf s[lifsf nfuL jf:tljs / ;+efljt
?kdf pkof]u x'g] :yflgo kz'k+5Lsf cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tnfO{ ;+emg' kb{5 .
-ª_ æh}ljs ljljwtfÆ eGgfn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf 3/kfn'jf kz'k+5Lsf k|sf/ tyf ltgLx? aLrsf]
leGgtf / cGt/ ;DaGwnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . ;f] zAbn] cfg'j+lzs ljljwtf, k|hflto
ljljwtf / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf ljljwtf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 . of] zAbn] 3/kfn'jf
kz'k+5Lsf h}ljs ljljwtfdf k|efj kfg]{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;+fl:s[lts kIfx?nfO{
;+emg' kb{5 .
-r_ æ;/f]sf/jfnfÆ eGgfn] :yflgo gZnsf kz'kfns s[ifs÷;d"x / ;ldlt, :yflgo lgsfo /
kz'kfng tyf kz' cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f;+u ;DalGwt cGo ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L
tyf lghL ;+3 ;+:yf tyf JolQmnfO{ ;+emg' kb{5 . o; zAbn] :yflgo :t/df lhljsf]kfh{g
/ vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff ;+DalGw sfo{;+u ;DalGwt ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qx?
;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-5_ æ:j-:yfg ;+/If0fÆ eGgfn] kz'k+IfL cg'j+flzo >f]tx?sf] :yflgo :t/df k/fk"j{sfnb]lv
ePsf] k|fs[lts jf;:yfgdf ul/g] ljsf; Pj+ ;+/If0fnfO{ hgfpb5 .
-h_ æt'ngfTds kmfObf -Comparative Advantage_ ÆeGGffn] s'g} ljz]if xfjfkfgL, ef}uf]lns
cj:yf tyf kz'kfng k|0ffnL÷k|ljlwdf cfofltt kz' gZnsf] t'ngfdf :yflgo kz'k+IfLx?
kfNfg ubf{ x'g] ljz]if kmfO{bfnfO{ a'emfpFb5 .
-em_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf * adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltnfO{ ;+emg'kb{5 .
-`_ æs[ifs ;d'xÆ eGgfn] kz' ;]jf ljefusf] :jLs[t sfo{ ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf tyf gd{;\ @)^!
df Joj:yf eP cg';f/ ul7t ;d"xnfO{ ;+emg'kb{5 .

#= p2]]ZoM
o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ .
-s_ klxrfg ul/Psf :yflgo gZnsf kz'k+IfLsf] :j-:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]u ug{
s[ifs ;d'bfonfO{ k|f]T;flxt u/L :yflgo kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzsL :f|f]t tyf kz'hGo kbfy{x?sf]
pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug]{ .
-v_ :j/f]huf/ tyf cfo cfh{gsf] cj;/df clej[l4 u/L lhljsf]kfh{g / vfB tyf kf]if0f
;'/Iffdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
-u_ :yflgo kz'k+IfLx?sf] :j–:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / pkof]udf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg o:tf
kz'k+IfLx?sf ;|f]t tyf o; ;DaGwdf s[ifsx?sf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, l;k, k|ljlw, cEof; /
cfljisf/sf] ljj/0f -Inventory_ tof/ kfg]{ .
-3_ kz' cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]tsf] :j–:yfg ;+/If0f / pkof]uaf6 kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng tyf hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf c;/x?nfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
-8=_ kz' cfg'jf+lzs ;|ft] sf] :j–:yfg ;+/If0f / lbuf] pkof]u ug'{kg]{ cfjZostftkm{ ;DalGwt
;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] 1fg, l;k tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

3
$= /0fgLltM
o; sfo{qmdn] kl/nlIft u/]sf p2]Zox? k|flKtsf nflu lgDgfg';f/ /0fgLltx? cjnDag ul/g]5g\M
-s_ :yflgo s[ifs ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf :yflgo kz'k+IfLx?sf] :j-:yfg (in-situ) ;+/If0f,
;Dj4{g / pkof]u ug]{ .
-v_ :yflgo kz'x?sf] cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f, ljsf; tyf lbuf] pkof]usf] nflu ;DefJo
If]q÷:yfgx? 5gf}6 u/L To:tf vf; :yfgx?df cGo cfofltt gZnaf6 k|fs[lts tyf
s[lqd uef{wfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ .
-u_ :yflgo kz'x?df ePsf ljz]if u'0fsf] klxrfg u/L vf; :yfgdf To:tf kz'sf t'ngfTds
kmfObf -Comparative Advantage) sf] cWoog u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df k|hgg\ tyf 5gf}6
k|0ffnL4f/f cfly{s ?kdf ;jn :yflgo kz'kfng k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
-3_ hf]lvddf k/]sf kz'x?sf] /fli6«o ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ljsf; ug{ ;'emfj / cfjZos tYof+s
tyf hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng tyf clen]lvs/0f ug]{ .
-ª_ hf]lvddf k/]sf gZn pTkfbg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u jf hf]lvddf k/]sf gZnsf
Joj:yfkg nflu s[lif pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ pkfo tyf o:tf gZn k|j4{g ug]{
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+/If0f ;+:yf, u}/ ;/sf/L, lghL ;+3, ;+:yfx¿ tyf ;+/If0f k|of;df
;+nUg ePsf cGo lqmofzLn JolQmx¿ aLr ;dGjo :yflkt u/L ;xsfo{df sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ .
-r_ ;xeflutfd"ns Plss[t Joj:yfkg, ahf/ k|j4{g, u'0f:t/ tyf d"No clej[l4sf sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ .
-5_ :yflgo, If]lqo / /fli6«o :t/df hgr]tgf ljsf; ug]{ lqmofsnfksf] k|j4{g ug{ ;+nUg
hgzlStsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

kl/R5]b @
sfo{qmd ;DalGw

%= sfo{qmd cjlw M of] sfo{qmd k|yd r/0fdf % aif{ ;Dd ;~rfng x'g]5 . sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsfl/tf tyf p2]Zo k|flKtsf cfwf/df sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ tyf ;dofjlw yk
ug{ ;lsg]5 .

4
^= sfo{qmd nfu' x'g] If]q tyf lhNnfx?M
^=! of] sfo{qmd xfn lgDg pNn]lvt lhNnfx?df ;~rflnt 5g\ tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ lhNnf
tyf :yfgx? yk36 x'g ;Sg]5g .
If]q lhNnf Kfz'k+IfLsf] lsl;d
k"jf{~rn l;/xf Nffdk'R5|] e]8f
klZrdf~rn Df':tfª Nf'n' ufO{
sf:sL, jfun'ª, u'NdL, c3f{vf+rL lnd] / kf/sf]6] e};L
tgx'+ v/L afv|f
gjnk/f;L x'/f{ j+u'/
slknj:t' Nffdk'R5]« e]8f
dWoklZrdf~rn bfª x'/f{ j+u'/ / ;flsgL s'v'/f
;'b'/klZrdf~rn c5fd c5fdL ufO{
88]nw'/f u8\8L e};L

^=@= lhNnf tyf sfo{qmd :yn 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/M

sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu lhNnf tyf :yfg 5gf}6 ubf{ lgDg cfwf/x? cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfofltt gZnsf kz'sf] t'ngfdf :yflgo gZnsf kz'sf] ;+Vof pNn]vlgo ;+Vofdf j9L
ePsf] .
v_ b"wfn' kz'sf] xsdf pGgt gZnsf kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd jf kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg
sfo{qmdn] g;d]6]sf] If]q .
u_ kz'hGo kbfy{x?sf] lalqm ljt/0fsf] nflu ahf/sf] kx'Fr /x]sf jf ahf/ lj:tf/ ug{ ;+efljt
:yfgx? /x]sf] .
3_ ef}uf]lns cj:yf, xfjfkfgL, jftfj/0fsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 :yflgo gZnx?sf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf]
nflu cg's'n /x]sf If]q÷:yfgx? .

&= sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k|lqmofM

-s_ ;+efJo lhNnf:t/df kz' ljsf; sfo{bn (Livestock Action Team -LAT) sf] j}7s a;L
dfly pNn]lvt cfwf/x? jdf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] :yfg 5gf}6 ug]{ .
-v 5gf}6 ePsf] :yfgsf s[ifsx?, :yflgo lgsfo tyf cGo :yflgo tyf lhNnf:tl/o
;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+:yfx? ;d]tsf] e]nf u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;DalGw hfgsf/L u/fpg] tyf
s[ifsx?sf] ;d"x ;ldlt u7g ug]{ .

5
-u_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf k|d'v / ;DalGwt k|fljlwssf] ;xlhs/0fdf ;d"x÷;ldlt tyf
cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / pkof]u ;DaGwL
jflif{s sfo{of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ .
-3_ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfpbf :yflgo:t/df ;+efJotfsf cfwf/df lgDg lqmofsnfk -activities_
x?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

 kz'k+IfL cg'jf+lzs ;|f]tsf] tYofª\s ;lxtsf] cfwf/e"t tYofª\s ;+sng ug]{ .

 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] kz' gZnsf] cfwf/e't tyf gZn ljz]if rl/q k|fljlws
dfkb08 -Technical Parameter_ / k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk tyf k|ljlwsf] cWoog tyf
;+sng ug]{ .
 k|hgg\ tyf 5gf}6 k|0ffnL / k|fs[lts uef{wfg k|lqmofaf6 gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd / ;+ej
ePdf /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|;Fusf] ;dGjodf :jhftsf l;d]g k|of]u u/L s[lqd
uef{wfg sfo{qmd ;d]t ;~rfng ug]{ .
 r/g vs{ ;'wf/ Joj:yfkg, 8fFn]3fF+;, 3fF; v]tLsf] lj:tf/ tyf kz' cfxf/f u'0f:t/
j[l4 sfo{qmd -ldg/n Ans, ;fOn]h, x] cflb_ sf] ;~rfng ug]{ .
 kz' :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg / /f]u lgoGq0f ;]jf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
 pTkflbt :yflgo kz'hGo kbfy{sf] jhf/ Joj:yf, ljljlws/0f / d"No clej[l4
-marketing, product diversification and value addition_ ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{ .
 ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod4f/f :yfgLo kz'k+IfLx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g sfo{qmdsf
ultljlwx? k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ .
 ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu ;ldltsf] ljwfg jgfpg] .
 >f]t Joj:yfsf] nflu uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;= / lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;+3, ;:yfx?;+u ;dGjo
/ ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
 ;+efJotf x]/L s[lif ko{6g -Agro-tourism_ k|j4{g tyf k|f+ufl/s -Organic_ kz'hGo
kbfy{x? pTkfbg ;d]tsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ .
 ;r]tgf / Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
 :yflgo cg'ej / ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df cGo sfo{qmdx? ;d]t ;~rfng ug]{
 lgoldt cg'udg tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ug]{ .
 hf]lvddf k/]sf hftsf kz'k+IfL ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu To:tf hftLx?nfO{ ;+efJotfsf]
cfwf/df Direct incentives sf] Joj:yf x'g] sfo{qmd th{'df ug]{ .

6
-ª_ jh]6 sfo{qmdsf] cg'kft lgDg adf]lhd x'g'kg]{5 .

kz' cfxf/f #%%

kz' gZn ;'wf/ @%%

kz' Joj:yfkg @)%

kz' :jf:Yo !)%

hgzlSt ljsfz, ;r]tgf !)%

*= s[ifs ;d"x ;ldlt / o;sf] u7g ljlwM

kz' ljsf; sfo{bn (LAT) af6 :jLs[t ePsf] :yfgdf kz' ;]jf ljefusf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng
lgb]{lzsf @)^! cg';f/ s[ifs ;d'x, ;ldlt u7g ubf{ lgDg s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .
 slDtdf Pp6f :yflgo gZnsf] kz'kfng ug]{ s[ifs o:tf ;d'x÷;ldltsf] ;b:o aGg
;Sg]5 .
 k|To]s ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] ul/ hDdf !! ;b:oLo sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldlt
u7g ug'{ kb{5 / o:tf] ;ldltdf ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| k|d'v kb]g ;lrj
x'g]5 .
 ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf sf]iffWoIf / ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| k|d'vsf] ;+o'Qm
b:tvtaf6 ;d'x ;ldltsf] a}+s vftf ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
 ;d"xsf ;j} ;b:ox? ;ldltsf ;fwf/0f ;b:o x'g]5g\ .

kl/R5]b #
;+nUg lgsfox?

(= sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lgsfox? / ltgsf] lhDd]jf/L

s= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldltsf] lhDd]jf/LM
1= ;ldltn] a'bf+ & -3, ª_ adf]lhdsf] k|fyldstf cg';f/ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfO{ lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . sfo{qmd agfpFbf ;ldltn] dfu u/]sf] s'n ah]6sf]
sDtLdf @% k|ltzt ;ldltsf] of]ubfg x'g' kg]{5 .

7
 2= :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg'?k sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;Dk'0f{ lhDd]jf/L s[ifs ;d'x
;ldltsf] x'g]5 / s'g} ;d:ofx? cfOk/]df ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| jf lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u k/fdz{ lnO{ sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
3= sfo{qmd ;~rfng / k|j4{gsf] nflu >f]t Joj:yfkg Pj+ kl/rfngdf :yflgo lgsfo tyf
cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{' kg]{5 .
4= cfwf/e"t tYof+s ;+sng / cGo k|fljlws tYof+sx? ;+sng ug{ cfPsf ;DalGwt
k|fljlwsx?nfO{ ;To tYo hfgsf/L lbO cfj:os ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
5= pTkflbt j:t'sf] jhf/ kx'+rsf] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
6= pTkfbsTj clea[l4sf ;fy} u'0f Joj:yfkgdf klg hf]8 lbg' kg]{5 .
7= sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu lbO{g] cg'bfg /sd ;ldltn] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
8= cfjZostf cg';f/ lhNNff kz' ljsf; sfo{bn jf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?af6
cg'udg lg/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
9= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|=/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
10= sDtLdf jif{df Ps k6s lhNnf kz' ljsfz sfo{bn tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr
sfo{qmd ;DalGw ;ldIff ug'{kg]{5 .
11= kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tsf] z'4tf sfod /fVg cfjZos kg]{ cGo sfo{x? ;d]tsf]
cjnDag ug'{kg]{5 .

v= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/LM

 cfwf/e"t tYofÍ tof/ ug]{ tyf jflif{s k|fljlws ljj/0fnfO{ cWofjlws ug]{ .
 cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] dftxtdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePdf lgoldt ?kdf gLl/If0f, cg'udg
tyf cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf If]q leqsf :yflgo lgsfo tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3
;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ k|fljlws ;]jf k'¥ofpg] / s'g} lsl;dsf] sl7gfO{ cfOk/] jf s'g}
;Nnfx ;'emfj eP lHfNnf kz'' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ ;dod} hfgsf/L lbg] .
 lgoldt ?kdf cfjZos tYof+s tyf k|ult ljj/0f ;+sng u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{nodf k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .

8
u= lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/LM
 kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] ;xof]udf lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng If]q 5gf}6 ug].{
 5gf}6 ul/Psf If]qsf] :ynut gLl/If0f ul/ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu ;DefJotf lgSof}{n
u/L ;d"x / ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;xlhs/0f ug]{ .
 ;d"x÷;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf] p4]Zo tyf pgLx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lsf af/] hfgsf/L
u/fpg] .
 ;d"x÷;ldltsf] e]nf u/fO{ aflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfpg k|fljlws ;Nnfx pknAw u/fO{
;xlhs/0f ug]{ .
 kz' ljsfz sfo{bnaf6 jflif{s sfo{of]hgf :jLs[t u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;+emf}tf
-cg';"lr ! jdf]lhd_ ug]{ .
 5gf}6 ul/Psf If]qdf kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnoaf6 k|fKt 9fFrfdf cfwf/e't tYof+s ;+sng
Pj+ laZn]if0f ul/ kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k|lta]bg a'emfpg] .
 ;d"x ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ 3f+;sf] jLp, k/lhjL lj?4sf] cf}iflw, vf]kx? / sfo{qmd
;~rfngdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Nnfx, ;'dmfj / k|fljlws ;]jf ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf
s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| dfkm{t k|bfg ug]{ .
 ;d'x ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ tflndx?
;~rfng ug{ ;dGjo ug]{ .
 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] If]qdf slDtdf k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf Ps k6s lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{noaf6 / slDtdf aif{sf] Ps k6s kz' ljsf; sfo{bn ;lxt ;+o'Qm ?kdf clgjfo{
:ynut cg'udg tyf gLl/If0f u/L If]lqo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno tyf kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
 sfo{qmd ;~rfng Pj+ k|j4{gsf] nflu :yflgo lgsfo tyf lhNnf:t/Lo cGo sfof{no
tyf ;+3, ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
 ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 hgr]tgfd"ns k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
 lgoldt ?kdf cfjZos tYof+Í cWofjlws ug]{ / jflif{s ?kdf clgjfo{ ?kdf kz'
pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
 sfo{qmdsf] rf}dfl;s / aflif{s k|ult ljj/0f k|lta]bg tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;DjlGwt If]lqo
kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno tyf kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

9
3= s]Gb|Lo ufO{e};L÷e]8fafv|f÷a+u'/ s'v'/f k|j4{g sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/L M
 :yflgo gZnsf kz'k+IfLx?sf ljz]if rl/q tyf k|fljlws dfkb08 -Technical parameter_
;+of]hg u/L /fli6«o k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ .
 kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]u ;DalGw /fli6«o gLlt, /0fgLlt,
sfo{gLlt / sfo{qmd th{'[df ug{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{ .
 cfjZostf cg';f/ k|fljlws ;Nnfx tyf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 hgr]tgfd'ns
k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
 kz' cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j–:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf ;b'kof]u ;DalGw sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ePsf :yfgx?sf] cg'udg tyf gLl/If0f u/L kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k|ltj]bg k7fpg].
 kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]u;+u ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu ljz]if1 ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .

ª= /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/LM

 r/g vs{ Joj:yfkg tyf ;'wf/ / kz' cfxf/f ;DalGw sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ kz'k+IfL
cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j–:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]u sfo{qmd ;~rflnt If]qnfO{
k|fyldstf lbO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

r= /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/LM

 kz' k|hgg\ /0fgLlt / lb3{sfnLg 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf
sfo{qmdx? to u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 hgr]tgf clea[l¢sf] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .
 cfjZostf cg';f/ lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;Nnfx
;'emfj lbg]
 k/–:Yffg ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] nflu sfo{ljlw th{'df tyf ;|f]tx?sf] Joj:yf u/L
(ex-situ)
cfjZostf cg';f/sf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngsf] nfuL jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg / ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{] tyf ;f] sf] k|lta]bg kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

10
5 = If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/LM

 If]q cGt{utsf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg u/L cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/L x6fpg
;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ pko'Qm ;'emfj lbg] tyf cGo cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
 sfo{qmdsf] rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg sDkfOn u/L kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf
lgoldt ?kdf k7fpg] .

h= kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L M

 kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] ;dGjodf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf If]qx?sf] cfjZostf

cg';f/sf If]lqo / s]lGb|o:t/sf tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
 kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j–:yfg ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]u ;DalGw ;fdfu|Lx? tof/
u/L k|;f/ k|;f/df ;xof]u ug]{ .

em= kz'k+IfL jhf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L M

 sfo{qmd ;~rfng If]qdf pTkflbt kz'hGo kbfy{x?sf] ;d'lrt jhf/ Joj:yfkg,

ljljlws/0f tyf d"No clej[l4sf] nflu ;d"x ;ldltx?nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg Pj+
;xsfo{ ug]{ .
 ljleGg d]nf, k|b{zgLx?df :yflgo kz'k+IfL tyf pTkfbgx?nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;xof]u /
;xsfo{ ug]{ .

`= kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L M

 sfo{qmddf cfjZos kg]{ kz' :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljz]if1 ;]jf -/f]u cGa]if0f, lgbfg tyf
vf]k, pkrf/, cfbL_ k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

6= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L M

 lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[ifs ;d"x ;ldltn] agfPsf aflif{s sfo{of]hgfdf k|fljlws
k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{ .
 ljleGg, ;/sf/L÷u}/;/sf/L, :yflgo lgsfo ;+3;+:yfx?;+u cfjZostf cg';f/ sfo{qmd
;~rfngsf nflu ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / kl/rfngdf /fli6«o kmf]sn KjfOG6sf] ?kdf ;dGjo
/ ;xsfo{ ug]{ .

11
  g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ / cGo cWoog ;+:yfgx?;+u :yflgo kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs
;|f]t ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf] nflu ;dGjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
 s]lGb|o:t/sf ;+alGwt lgsfox?nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ lgoldt cg'udg tyf d"Nofs+g ug]{.
 cfjZostf cg';f/ k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;/f]sf/ ePsf lgsfox?nfO{ ;d]t
cg'udgdf ;xefuL u/fpg] .
 sfo{qmdsf] gLlt, sfo{gLlt / ;~rfng k|lqmofdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/
tyf kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
 dftxtsf sfof{nox?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbO ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .
 sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{bIftf tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;do
;fk]If Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
 ;DalGwt lgsfox? -/fli6«o÷cGt//fli6«o:t/_ df sfo{qmdsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg lgoldt
?kdf k7fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg]] .

7= kz' ;]jf ljefusf] lhDd]jf/LM

 kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]usf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /fli6«o gLlt
tyf /0fgLltx? to ug]{ .
 kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf pkof]usf] nflu ljleGGf lgsfo / ;+3
;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;xhls/0f ug]{ .

12
 kl/R5]b $
;~rfng sfo{ljlw
!)= kz'k+IfL cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j–:Yffg ;+/If0f, ;Da{4g / pkof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 .

sfo{ pQ/bfoL sfo{

sfo{ ljwL
r/0f lgsfo cjlw
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cfdGq0f u/L sfo{qmdaf/]
hfgsf/L u/fpg] / kz' ljsf; sfo{bn -Livestock Action
1 lh=k=;]=sf= ! xKtf
Team: LAT_ u7g ug]{ . -kz' ljsf; sfo{bn lgb{]lzsf @)%^
cg';f/_
kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] a}7sdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng If]q 5gf}6 kz' ljsf;
ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ kf/L ;Defljt cfof]hgf If]qx?sf] ;"rL tof/ sfo{bn
2 !% lbg
kfg]{ / clGtd cfof]hgf If]q 5gf}6sf] nflu cfaZos k/]df
:ynut lg/LIf0f e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd to ug]{ . lh=k=;]=sf=
e|d0fsf qmddf ;Defljt cfof]hgf If]qsf ;DalGwt s[ifsx?÷ kz' ljsf;
s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldltx?÷;xsf/L ;+:yfx?, :yflgo ;/f]sf/jfnf sfo{bn
3 ^ lbg
x? -stakeholders_ / :yfgLo lgsfox?;+u 5nkmn u/L
a:t'l:ytL kQf nufpg] . lh=k=;]=sf=

sf] a}7saf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ . lh=k=;]=sf= ! lbg

4 LAT
, LAT
sfo{qmd If]q 5gf}6af/] ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd
sfo{Gjog ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, If]qLo kz' ;]jf
5
lgb{]zgfno, ;DalGwt s]lGb|o k|j4{g sfof{no, kz' pTkfbg lh=k=;]=sf= & lbg
lgb]{zgfno / kz' ;]jf ljefudf hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
sfo{qmd If]q;+u ;+jlGwt ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -stakeholders_
nfO{ e]nf u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg Ps lbg] lh=k=;]=sf= % lbg
6
cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ug{] . pQm uf]i7Ldf s[ifs ;d'x ;ldlt ,
;d]t u7g ug]{ .
lh=k=;]=sf=,
;ldltn] lh=k=;]=sf= sf] ;xlhs/0fdf o; lgb]{lzsf cg';f/
7 ;ldlt÷;]= !% lbg
aflif{s sfo{of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ .
s]=

13
 lh=k=;]=sf= / s[ifs ;d'x ;ldltn] agfPsf aflif{s sfo{of]hgf k=p=lg=
8 x]/L ;DalGwt k|j4{gfTds sfof{nox?sf] ;d]t /fo lnO{ ;DalGwt & lbg
k|j4{gfTds
k|fljlws k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{ . sfof{nox?
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] /fo ;dfj]z u/L sfo{qmdnfO{
lh=k=;]=sf=
9 clGtd ?k lbg] / jh]6sf] d"Nof+sg u/L ;'emfj ;lxt LAT df % lbg
÷ LAT
k]z ug{] / cg'df]bg u/fpg] .
lh=k=;]=sf÷ !
10 cfof]hgf If]qsf] cfwf/e"t tYof+s ;+sng ug]{
;ldlt dlxgf
k|:tfljt cfo]fhgf÷sfo{qmd jh]6df ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsg] lh=k=;]=sf= cfjZoStf
11 lqmofsnfk / ;+:yfsf] klxrfg u/L ;DalGwt ;+:yf÷x?;+u ÷ ;ldlt÷ cg';f/
5nkmn tyf ;dGjo ug]{ . LAT
;ldlt;+u sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DalGw ;Demf}tf u/L -cg';"rL !_ lh=k=;]=sf=
12 rf}dfl;s ?kdf sfo{qmd jh]6 pSt ;ldltsf] a}s vftfdf ÷;ldlt÷ Rf}fdfl;s
hDdf ug]{ . LAT
Afflif{s
13 ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;ldltsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . ;ldlt sfo{of]hgf
cg';f/

;ldltn] ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udf rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ;ldlt / rf}dfl;s

14
k|ltj]bg lh=k=;]=sf=df k7fpg] . ;]=s]= / jflif{s
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] If]qdf slDtdf k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf
Ps k6s lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 / slDtdf aif{sf]
rf}dfl;s
Psk6s kz' ljsf; sfo{bn ;lxt ;+o'Qm ?kdf clgjfo{
lh=k=;]=sf= / jflif{s
15 :ynut cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ul/ k|lta]bg If]lqo kz' ;]jf
÷ LAT cfjZostf
lgb]{zgfno / kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k]z ug]{ tyf ;do
cg';f/
;dodf s[ifs ;d'x ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'dmfj tyf
k|fljlws k/fdz{ lbg] .
;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e]nf u/fO{ jif{sf] Psk6s sfo{qmdsf] lh=k=;]=sf= Jfflif{s
16
k|ult ;DalGw hg n]vfkl/If0f u/fpg] . ÷;ldlt ! k6s
rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult tyf k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;lxt If]lqo
17 kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno / kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf tf]lsPsf] lh=k=;]=sf= ! xKtf
;doleq k7fpg] .
lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvPsf] hlt s'/fdf o;} lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd / lh=k=;]=sf÷
18 cGosf] xsdf kz' ;]jf ljefusf] sfo{ ;~rfng lgb{]lzsf kz' ljsf;
gd{;\ @)^! cg';f/ ug{' kg{5
] . sfo{bn

14
 cg';'rL !

lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / kz' cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f ;ldlt aLrsf] ;Demf}tf kq

lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no -o; kl5 k|yd kIf dflgg]_ =================================== kz' cfg'j+lzs
;|f]t :j-:yfg ;+/If0f ;ldlt-o; kl5 bf];|f] kIf dflgg]_ = ===================================== sf] ;+o'St
k|of;jf6 kz' cfg'j+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / pkof]u sfo{qmd cGt{ut
================================kfng tyf ;+/If0fsf] nflu tkl;nsf zt{x? ;d]t kfngf ug{{ u/fpgsf]
nflu k|yd kIf / bf]>f] kIfsf ljr tkl;n adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt eO{ ;xsfo{df sfo{ ug{ u/fpg
dGh'/ 5f} .

tkl;n M
1= klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu :jLs[t sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ ;f]em} gub jf
8«fk\m6÷r]saf6 cg'bfg :j?k :jLs[t /sdnfO{ @ ls:tfdf pknJw u/fpg] 5 .
2= bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfaf6 cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u k|fKt u/L :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{of]hgf
cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug'{kg]{5 . pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ sDtLdf % jif{ ;Dd bf]>f] kIfn]
lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg{]5 .
3= klxnf] kIfn] lgoldt ?kdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf ;|f]tx? -resources_ sf] pkof]u,
tYofÍ /]sl8{Ë cflb jf/] cg'udg u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{]5 .
4= klxnf] kIfaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]unfO{ bf]>f] kIfn] b'?kof]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g / To;f]
ePsf] kfO{Pdf lghaf6 ;f] /sd c;'n pk/sf] nflu k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfjZos
sfjf{xL ul/g]5 .
5= o; sfo{qmd ;~rfng / k|j4{gsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/sf] pko'St k|ljlw / pTkfbg
;fdfu|Lsf] Joj:yf k|yd kIfn] bf];|f] kIf dfkm{t ug]{5 .
6= sfo{qmd ;~rfng / k|j4{gsf] nflu :yflgo lgsfo tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3
;+:yfx?;+u >f]t Joj:yfkg Pj+ kl/rfngdf bf]>f] kIfn] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{' kg]{5 .
7= bf];|f] kIfsf] sf]iffWoIf / ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb| jf pks]Gb|sf k|d'vsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtdf
j}+sdf vftf vf]lng] / b'j} kIfsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ cfly{s sf/f]af/ x'g]5 .

15
 8= cfjZostf cg';f/sf] tYof+s, ;'rgf tyf k|ult ljj/0fx? tf]lsPsf] kmd]{6 cg'?k bf]>f]
kIfn] k|yd kIfnfO{ pkNfAw u/fpg] 5 .
9= o; ;+emf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf s'/fsf xsdf k|rlnt lgod sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|yd kIf bf]>f] kIf

lhNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf] ;ldlt÷;+:yfsf]] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfdM gfdM
kbM kb
b:tvtM b:tvtM
ldltM ldltM
sfof{nosf] 5fkM ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
=

;fIfLM -k|yd kIfsf] tkm{jf6_ ;fIfLM -bf]>f] kIfsf] tkm{jf6_

gfdM gfdM
kbM kbM
b:tvtM b:tvtM
ldltM ldlt M

16
 ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf —@)&)
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, df= dGqL:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷%÷#) sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

k|:tfjgf
Jofj;flos afv|fkfng tkm{ s[ifsx?sf] a9\bf] cfsif{0fsf ;fy} blnt, dlxnf tyf ljkGg
ju{sf] cfo cfh{g, /f]huf/L >[hgf / ul/jL Go"lgs/0fsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L
lgsfox?jf6 jfv|f ljt/0fsf sfo{s|d e}/x]sf]df pSt sfo{sf] nflu pRr pTkfbg Ifdtf ePsf
afv|fsf] gZn ckof{Kt ePsf] ;Gbe{df gZn ;'wf/ ul/ pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{, hflto ;+/If0f ug{
/ o;sf] Jofj;flos/0fsf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofdf k|hgg\ af]sf÷afv|fsf] pknAwtf ;xh
u/fpg lbuf] afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dxz'; ul/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{no dfkm{t s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no, ;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgf / u]}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx?jf6 ;d]t cf–cfkm\gf] tl/sfn] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng e}/x]sf afv|f
;|f]ts]Gb|x?sf] Joj:yfkgdf cfjZostf / ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df Ps ?ktf Nofpg jf~5gLo
ePsf]n],
/fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^! sf] p2]Zox? dWo]] a'bf g+= ! df pNn]lvt æs[lif pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTj
a9fpg]Æ p2]Zosf] k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogsf nflu b]xfosf] lgb]{lzsf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
1. ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
-s_ of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf —
@)&)Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-v_ of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 k|f/De x'g] 5 .
2. kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,
-s_ ælgb]{lzsfÆ eGgfn] ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf —
@)&) ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æsfo{qmdÆ eGgfn] ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æks]6 If]qÆ eGgfn] afv|f ks]6 If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ ækz' ljsf; sfo{bnÆ eGgfn] afv|fsf] ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf] nflu If]q 5gf}6 ug{
lhNnf:t/Lo lgsfox?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]ul/ u7g ul/g] sfo{bn ;Demg' k5{ .

17
 -ª_ æ;|f]ts]Gb|Æ eGgfn] ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] ;|f]ts]Gb|df cfj4 s[ifs ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] o; sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|
ljsf; sf]if ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æs[ifsÆ eGgfn] ;|f]ts]Gb|df cfj4 afv|fkfns s[ifs ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|Æ eGgfn] sfo{qmd ;+rflnt ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| ;Demg'
k5{ .

3. p2]Zox? M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M

-s_ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns If]q tyf xfjfkfgL ;'xfpFbf] :yfgLo tyf j0f{z+s/ afv|fsf] gZn
;'wf/ ul/ pRr pTkfbgzLn k|hgg\ af]sf tyf afv|fsf] pknAwtf a9fpg] .
-v_ s[ifs ;d'bfodf lbuf] / ;xeflutfd'ns afv|f gZn ;'wf/ k|0ffnL :yflkt ug]{ .
-u_ :yfgLo afv|fsf] hflto z'4tfnfO{ sfod /fVb} h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'/fpg] .
-3_ s[ifsx?df afv|fkfngsf j}1flgs k|ljlw tyf Joj:yfkg cg'z/0fsf nflu ;|f]ts]Gb|nfO{
cfwf/e"t kf7zfnfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
-ª_ afv|fkfngnfO{ Joj;flos/0f ul/ df;' cfoftnfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-r_ u|fld0f :j/f]huf/ >[hgfdf ;xof]u k'/fpg] .

4. sfo{gLlt M bkmf # adf]lhdsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu b]xfosf] sfo{gLlt ckgfO{g] 5 M

-s_ lghL afv|fkfns kmfd{, s[ifs ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;d'x, ;ldlt / ;xsf/L ;+:yf dfkm{t
Ps ks]6 Ps pTkfbgsf] ?kdf afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|x? :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/ ub}{ nlug] 5 .
-v_ afv|fsf] pTkfbg dfkb08sf] clen]lvs/0f, ljZn]if0f / 5gf}6 k|s[ofsf] cjnDagaf6
dfp tyf kf7fkf7Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ ub}{ nlug] 5 .
-u_ h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] nflu Ps ;|f]ts]Gb| Ps hftsf] afv|fkfng ul/g] 5 .
-3_ Aofj;flos afv|fkfngsf nflu rflxg] Jojl:yt vf]/, gZn ;'wf/, cfxf/f, :jf:Yo, ahf/
Aoa:yfkg Pad\ s[ifssf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf sfo{s|dx?sf] Kofs]h pknAw u/fO{ gd'gf
afv|fkfngsf] ?kdf ;|f]ts]Gb|nfO{ ljsf; ul/g] 5 .
-ª_ ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] cjlw ;dfKt kZRoft\ klg ;|f]ts]Gb|n] o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{ lbuf]
agfpg] 5 .
-r_ lghL, ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]
5.

18
 kl/R5]b @
sfo{qmd ;DaGwL

5. sfo{qmdsf] calwM Ps ;|f]ts]Gb|df a9Ldf % jif{ ;Ddsf nflu sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] 5 .
6. sfo{qmd nfu' x'g] M k|To]s ljsf; If]qdf slDtdf # lhNnfdf sfo{qmd nfu' x'g] 5 . t/
cfjZostf, ;+DefAotf / ef}uf]lns If]q x]/L of] ;+Vof 36a9 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
7. sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu If]q 5gf}6 M ;|f]ts]Gb| :yfkgf ug{sf nflu If]q 5gf}6 ug{ Pp6f
lhNnf :t/Lo kz' ljsf; sfo{bn u7g ul/g] 5 .
-s_ kz' ljsf; sfo{bndf cg';"rL ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx? x'g] 5g\ .
-v_ bkmf ^ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] ks]6 If]qx?af6 k|:tfj cfxjfg\
/ k|fyldlss/0f ul/ kz' ljsf; sfo{bnnfO{ k]z ug]{ 5 .
-u_ kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn] b]xfo adf]lhd If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ 5 M–
-!_ Jojl:yt lbuf] ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf] nflu s[ifssf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf z}lIfs
cj:yf cg's'n /x]sf afv|f ks]6 If]qsf] 5gf}6 x'g' kb{5 .
-@_ ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 ubf{, 3fF;sf] ljsf; ePsf] jf 3fF; ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] e"—agf]6 tyf
xfjfkfgL ePsf] If]q x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-#_ ;DjlGwt If]qdf ;|f]ts]Gb| lj:tf/ ug]{ kof{Kt ;Defjgf /x]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-$_ 5gf}6 ul/g] If]qdf slDtdf !))) k|hgg\ dfp afv|f x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-%_ cGo afv|f ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] If]qnfO{ klg 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

kl/R5]b #
;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL

8. ;]jf ;~rfng k|s[of M sfo{qmdsf] ;]jf ;~rfng k|s[of cg';"rL @ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf]
k|s[ofaf6 x'g] 5 / sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf pknAw u/fOg] cf}iflw, ;fdu|L, pks/0fxx? tyf
;]jf cg';"rL # / $ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g] 5 .
9. s[ifs 5gf}6 / ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L u7g M
bkmf & adf]lhd 5gf}6 ul/Psf] If]qdf sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu s[ifs 5gf}6 /
;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L u7g k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5 M—
-s_ bz eGbf a9L k|hgg\ of]Uo afv|fkfng ug]{ s[ifsnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ 5 .

19
 -v_ aw'jf k|0ffnLdf afv|fkfng ug]{ s[ifsx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ 5 .
-u_ ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df ;d'bfosf o'jf / dlxnf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-3_ s[ifs ;d"xdf slDtdf % hgf ;b:o x'g' kg]{]5 .
-ª_ ;d"xnfO{ ;ldlt / ;xsf/Lsf] ?kdf u7g ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-r_ cGo afv|f ljsf;sf sfo{qmddf cfj4 s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ sfo{qmddf
;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-5_ lghL Jofj;flos afv|f kmfd{x?nfO{ Psn ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-h_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷lghL kmfd{ ljlwjt ?kdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf jf lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfo{fnodf bt{f ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-em_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] p2]Zo tyf cjwf/0fdf sl6a¢ /lx gLlt lgb]{zg cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{ s[ifsx?sf] k|ltj4tfsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu cg';"rL % cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/fpg' kg]{
5.
-~f_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg tyf o;sf] plrt Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;d"x÷;ldlt÷
;xsf/Ldf cfj4 s[ifsx?n] k|To]s ;d"xaf6 !÷! hgf ;b:o k|ltlglwTj x'g] ul/
;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg]{ 5 .
10. sfo{qmd cled"vLs/0f uf]i7L ;~rfngM
s[ifs, :yfgLo lgsfo, kz' ;]jf ljefusf If]lqo tyf s]Gb|Lo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf
;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;+UnUgtfdf ! lbg] :ynut ;|f]ts]Gb| cled"lvs/0f
uf]i7L ;~rfng b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5 M–
-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] cjwf/0ff, p2]Zo, ;~rfng x'g] lqmofsnfk, sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] lhDd]jf/L / ck]lIft k|ltkmnaf/] s[ifsx? tyf cGo :yfgLo
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-v_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf] ;+efJotf / r'gf}ltsf ljifodf s]lGb|t eO{ uf]i7L ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ 5.
11. sf]if :yfkgf M ;|f]ts]Gb|df vf]/ lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/, afv|fsf] :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg / 3fF; ljsf;
sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] ;dGjodf ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] gfddf Ps
æ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|ft] s]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifÆ :yfkgf ul/g] 5 . sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
/sdx? /xg] 5g\ M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd ? # nfv %) xhf/ M of] /sd dWo]] sfo{qmd
;~rfngsf] klxnf] jif{df ? @ nfv %) xhf/ / rf}+yf] jif{df ? ! nfv cg'bfg /sd k|fKt
x'g] 5 .
-v_ :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
-u_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf ;b:ox?af6 lkmtf{ x'g] ;fjf tyf Jofh /sd .
-3_ cGo ;Defljt ;|f]tx?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .

20
12. sf]if ;~rfng, pkof]u, n]vf k/LIf0f tyf k|ltj]bg
-!_ sf]if ;~rfng k|s[of M bkmf !! cg';f/ sf]ifdf hDdf x'g cfPsf] /sd a}+s jf ljlQo
;+:yfdf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] tf]s]sf] k|fljlws / ;|f]ts]Gb|sf cWoIf jf
sf]iffWoIfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 ;Grfng x'g] ul/ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] gfddf sf]ifsf] vftf
vf]nL hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sf]ifsf] pkof]u M sf]ifsf] /sd ;DjlGwt ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b]xfosf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu kl/rfng ul/g]5 M–
-s_ bkmf !! -s_ cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] klxnf] jif{df k|fKt x'g] /sdaf6 afv|fsf]
nflu gofF vf]/ lgdf{0f jf e}/x]sf] vf]/sf] dd{t ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ 5 / lbuf] ;|f]ts]Gb|
ljsf;sf] nflu rf}+yf] jif{df k|fKt x'g] /sd kl/rfngaf6 afv|fsf] :jf:Yo
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZos cf}iflw tyf vf]ksf] k|jGw / 3fF; ljsf; lj:tf/ sfo{
ug'{kg]{ 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] klxnf] # jif{;Dd afv|fsf] :jf:Yo Joj:yfkgsf]
lgldQ cg';"rL # cg';f/ / 3fF; ljsf;sf] nflu cg';"rL $ cg';f/sf] ;]jf pknAw
x'g] 5 .
-v_ pkbkmf -@_-s_ cg';f/sf] sf]if pkof]usf nflu ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldlt, ;fdflhs
kl/rfns / ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| k|d'vsf] ;dGjodf sf]if kl/rfng sfo{ljlw tof/
ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-u_ pkbkmf -@_ -v_ cg';f/ tof/ ul/g] sfo{ljlwdf b]xfosf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ 5 M–
-c_ vf]/ lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/sf] nflu sf]if kl/rfng ubf{ Ps s[ifsnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]
clwstd /sd, /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ cjlw / s[ifs 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? nufot cGo
cfjZos Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-cf_ afv|fsf] :jf:Yo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu sf]if kl/rfngsf] Joj:yf ubf{ l8jld{Ë,
l8lkË / EoflS;g];g ug'{kg]{ afv|fsf] ;+Vof / ;f] sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{
cf}iflw tyf vf]k lgwf{/0f ug{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] JolStnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbO{ ;f]lx
cg';f/ vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 . ;f] cf}iflw tyf vf]k pkof]u ug]{
;DalGwt s[ifsx?af6 /sd c;'n ul/ sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ 5.
-O_ 3fF; ljsf;sf] nflu sf]if kl/rfng ug{ ;|f]ts]Gb|nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ 8fn] tyf e"\'OF
3fF;sf hftx?sf] 5gf}6, cfjZos kg]{ ;+Vof jf kl/df0fsf] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;ldltn]
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] JolStnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbO{ ;f]lx cg';f/ aLp÷a]gf{ vl/b ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 . ;f] aLp÷a]gf{ pkof]u ug]{ ;DalGwt s[ifsx?af6 /sd
c;'n ul/ sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ 5 .
-#_ sf]if n]vf kl/If0f tyf k|ltj]bg
-s_ sf]ifsf] cfo Joosf] n]vf jflif{s?kdf n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-v_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn]] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ljz]if cg'bfgsf] vr{ ljj/0f /
pknlAw k|ltj]bg cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ! dlxgf leq ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf
sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

21
13. ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] Joj:yf M
s[ifsx?df k|ljlw cg'z/0f tyf afv|fsf] clen]lvs/0f, vf]/, k|hgg\, cfxf/f, :jf:Yo tyf
ahf/ Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] ;xlhs/0fsf nflu ;|f]ts]Gb|df ! hgf ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf]
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . kl/rfnssf] 5gf}6 / kfl/>ldssf] Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5 M—
-s_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo ul/ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] Go"gtd\
u|f=k=:jf=sf= tflnd k|fKt :yfgLo JolStnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf]
?kdf 5gf}6 ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-v_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] kl/rfnsnfO{ cg';'rL ^ cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/fO{ ;f] cg';f/
sfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 .
-u_ kl/rfnsn] u/]sf] sfo{ ljj/0f ;lxt ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldlt ÷;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|n]
u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df lh=k=;]=sf=n] dfl;s ? rf/ xhf/sf] b/n] ;ldltsf] vftfdf
/sd hDdf ul/lbg] 5 .
-3_ lh=k=;]=sf=af6 k|jfx ul/g] 3'lDtsf]ifsf] /sd pknAw u/fpFbf ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] kl/rfnsnfO{
k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ 5 .

14. afv||fsf] gZn ;'wf/ tyf k|hgg\ Joj:yfkg

pRr pTkfbgzLn k|hgg\ afv|fsf] ljsf; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g] 5 M–
-s_ æafv|f Joj;fosf] nflu cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; /0fgLlt ljifos /fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]li7
-@)^(, c;f]h_Æ af6 l;kmfl/; eP cg';f/, t/fO{df z'4 t/fO{ afv|f, hd'gfkf/L,
af/af/L / af]o/ tyf %) k|ltzt j0f{z+s/Ù dWo kxf8L If]qsf] nflu z'4 v/L tyf
hd'gfkf/L, af/af/L / af]o/ hftsf %) k|ltzt j0f{z+s/Ù / pRr kxf8df l;Gxfn /
Rof+u|f hftsf] afv|fsf] ;|f]ts]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
-v_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] klxnf] jif{df pTkfbg Ifdtf Go"g ePsf k|hgg\ af]sfnfO{ vl;
kfg{ jf x6fpg ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng x'g] 5 .
-u_ afv|fsf] gZn ;'wf/ tyf xf8 gftfdf x'g] k|hgg\ /f]syfdsf] nflu #) dfp afv|f a/fa/
! af]sf x'g] ul/ kz' ;]jf ljefusf] cfly{s gd{;\df Joj:yf eP cg';f/sf] /sd pknAw
u/fOg] 5 . ;|f]ts]Gb|n] lh=k=;]=sf;Fu ;dGjo ul/ l;kmfl/; hftsf] k|hgg\ af]sf vl/b
ug'{kg]{ 5 / cg';"rL & adf]lhd s[ifsx?;Fu sj'lnot ztf{gfdf u/fpg'kg]{ 5 . o;
k|sf/sf] ;]jf÷;'ljwf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] klxnf] jif{df dfq pknAw x'g] 5 .
-3_ dfpaf6 b'w 5'6fpg] ;dodf kf7f / kf7LnfO{ cnu ul/g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ 5 .
-ª_ 5gf}6 k|s[ofdf /x]sf kf7fx?sf] xsdf xf8gftfaf6 x'g] k|hgg\ /f]Sg cfjZos Joj:yf
ug'{kg]{ 5 / 5gf}6 ul/;s] kl5 cof]Uo kf7fnfO{ vl; kfg{' jf x6fpg' kg]{ 5 .

22
15. afv|fsf] clen]vLs/0f, tYof+s ljZn]if0f , 5gf}6 k|s[of
Affv|f 5gf}6 k|s[ofsf] Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5 M—
-s_ afv|fsf] klxrfg M afv|fsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df pknAw u/fOg] 6\ofu tyf 6\ofluË
d]lzgaf6 ;|f]ts]Gb|sf ;Dk"0f{ k|hgg\ dfpafv|f÷af]sf tyf kf7fkf7LnfO{ clgjfo{?kdf
6\ofu nufpg' kg]{ 5 .
-v_ clen]lvs/0f M ;|f]ts]Gb|nfO{ pknAw u/fOg] cg';"rL * cg';f/sf] dfp afv|fsf]
clen]v kmf/d s[ifsn] el/ ;'/lIft /fVg'kg]{ 5 . s[ifsn] e/]sf clen]v b'?:t eP
gePsf] ;dfh kl/rfnsn] k'g/fjfnf]sg ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-u_ clen]v tyf tYof+s k]z ug]{ M
klxnf] r/0f M kf7fkf7Lsf] # dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dd lnOPsf] clen]v÷tYof+s s[ifsaf6
;+sng ul/ ;dfh kl/rfnsn] & lbg leq ;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ 5 . ;f] ;ldltn]
;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|nfO{ k]z ug]{ 5 .
bf];|f] r/0f M klxnf] r/0fdf h:t} kf7fkf7Lsf] % dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dd lnOPsf]
clen]v÷tYof+s klg s[ifsaf6 ;+sng ul/ ;dfh kl/rfnsn] & lbg leq ;ldltnfO{
a'emfpg'kg]{ 5 . ;f] ;ldltn] ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|÷ pks]Gb|nfO{ k]z ug]{ 5 .
sfo{qmd cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 klg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] lg/Gt/tf
lbg] 5 . ;f] ;dodf clen]lvs/0fsf] sfo{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fpg clen]v kmf/d
;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 g} pknAw u/fOg] 5 / s[ifsn] clen]lvs/0f
u/]sf] tYof+s dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;]jf s]Gb|÷ pks]Gb|df k]z x'g' kg{] 5 .
-3_ tYof+s ljZn]if0f M s[ifsaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf] tYof+snfO{ ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|n] pknAw
;km\6j]o/df k|lji6 u/fO{ ljZn]if0f ug{'kg]{ 5 jf ToxfF ;+ej gePdf ;f] sfo{sf nflu
;DalGwt lh=k=;]=sf=df k7fpg'kg]{ 5 . lh=k=;]=sf÷;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|n] tYof+s
ljZn]if0faf6 5gf}6 ePsf afv|f÷af]sf÷kf7fkf7Lsf] af/]df s[ifsx?nfO{ e]nf u/fO{
5nkmn u/fpg] tyf 5gf}6 k|s[ofdf ;xof]u k'/fpg] 5 . sfo{qmd cjlw kl5 klg
s[ifsaf6 ;+sng eO{ cfPsf tYof+snfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lh=k=;]=sf÷;]jf
s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|n] lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg]{ 5 .
-ª_ afv|fsf] 5gf}6 k|s[of M gZn ;'wf/sf] nflu afv|fsf] tf}n, a[l4b/, hGdg] kf7fkf7Lsf]
;+VofnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgg] 5 . s[ifsn] kfn]sf afv|f, af]sf tyf ltgsf kf7fkf7Lsf]
clen]v /flv ;f]sf] lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf] cfwf/df tYof+s ljZn]if0f ul/ pRr pTkfbg
Ifdtf ePsf af]sf÷afv|fsf] klxrfg tyf 5gf]6 u/]/ k|hgg\sf] nflu k|of]udf NofO{g] 5 .
kf7fkf7Lsf] klxnf] # dlxgfsf] tf}n / dfp afv|fsf] h'DNofxf kfpg] u'0fnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/
dflg dfp afv|fsf] 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 . kf7fkf7Lsf] xsdf klxnf] # dlxgfsf] tf}n, %
dlxgfsf] tf}n / h'DNofxf u'0fnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflg 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 . ;]n]S;g OG6]lG;l6
-Selection Intensity_ s[ifsx?;Fu 5nkmn ul/ a9Ldf af]sfsf] nflu @) k|ltzt /
k7\of+u|Lsf] nflu %) k|ltzt ;Dd x'g] ul/ lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ 5 . 5gf}6 k|s[of b]xfosf]
rf6{df k|:t't eP cg';f/ x'g] 5 M–

23
 dfp afv|f÷af]sf÷ k7\of+u|Lsf] 5gf}6 of]hgf

30 k|hgg\ af]sf X 1,000 dfp afv|f

;]nS] ;g OG6]lG;l6 50%
bf];|f] jif{df ljlqm
500 500
2.25 kf7fkf7L pTkfbg k|lt afv|f k|lt jif{

kf7fkf7L pTkfbg 562 kf7L

562 kf7f
!) k|ltzt d[T o'b/
506 kf7f 506 kf7L
;]nS] ;g OG6]lG;l6 50 %
2 0%

253 253
102 404

k |h gg\sf nflu k |hgg\sf nflu cof]Uo k |hgg\sf nflu 5gf}6 k |h gg\sf nflu cof]U o
5 g f }6 ePsf af]sf a f ]s f e P sf k7\o f+u|L k 7 \of +u|L

k|hgg\sf nflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf af]sf tyf k7\of+u|L dWo] pTs[i6 !) k|ltzt af]sf / @)
k|ltzt k7\of+u|LnfO{ ;f]xL ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] ayfgdf /fVg] . pSt af]sf tyf k7\of+u|Ldf
xf8gftfsf] k|hgg\nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ k|hgg\ of]hgf agfpg'kg]{ 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf afFsL
af]sf tyf k7\of+u|LnfO{ k|hgg\sf nflu ljqmL ljt/0f ug{] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . k|hgg\
afv|f / af]sfdf x'g] u'0fx? cg';"rL ( cg';f/ x'g] 5 .
16. tflnd ;~rfng
sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf s[ifs tyf k|fljlwsx?sf] 1fg, ;Lk tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu
s[ifs:t/Lo / ;xfos k|fljlws :t/Lo tflndx? lgDg cg';f/ ;~rfng ul/g] 5 M—
-s_ lhNnf:t/af6 ;~rfng x'g] tflnd M s[ifsx?df afv|fkfngsf] Jofjxf/Ls 1fg tyf
clen]vLs/0fsf] ;Lk ljsf;sf] nflu cfwf/e"t afv|fkfng tyf clen]v Joj:yfkg
tflnd -s[ifs:t/, # lbg]_ ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] @ jif{leq ;Dk"0f{
s[ifsx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug{ x/]s ;d"xaf6 ;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/df clwstd
@% hgf s[ifs ;+nUg ul/ jif{df @ k6s tflnd ;~rfng ul/g] 5 .
-v_ s]Gb|Lo:t/af6 ;~rfng x'g] tflndx? M s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no / kz' ;]jf
tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnosf] ;dGjodf afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| cled'lvs/0f tyf tYof+s
Joj:yfkg tflnd -;xfos k|fljlws:t/, & lbg]_, s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng tflnd -
;xfos k|fljlws:t/, # lbg]_ / ;fdflhs kl/rfns tflnd -& lbg] _ ;~rfng x'g] 5g\ .
tflnd k|fKt sd{rf/Ln] ;|f]ts]Gb|sf tYof+snfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf] ;km\6jo/df OG6«L ul/
tYof+s ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df afv|fsf] 5gf}6 ug{ / s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd
x'g] 5g\ . ;fdflhs kl/rfnsn] sfo{qmdaf6 lgb]{lzt ;]jf k'/fpg ;Sg] 5g\ .

24
17. s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng M
;DalGwt lh=k=;]=sf÷;]jf s]Gb|÷pk s]Gb|sf k|fljlws / ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] ;xof]udf
;|f]ts]Gb|df afv|fkfngsf l;kmfl/; k|ljlwx? Jofjxfl/s?kdf cg'z/0f u/fpg s[ifs kf7zfnf
;~rfng x'g] 5 . k|To]s s[ofsnfkdf s[ifsx?nfO{ k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fO{ j}1flgs k|ljlw
cg';f/ afv|fkfng ug{ nufOg] 5 . s[ifsx? cfkm"n] ckgfpb} cfPsf] ljBdfg k|0ffnL /
kl/jtL{t k|0ffnL jLrsf] leGgtfnfO{ cfTd;fy ul/ gofF k|ljlwx?sf] vf]h / cg'z/0fdf
cfslif{t x'g]5g\ . o; sfo{qmddf s[ifsx? :jo+n] cfkm\gf] cWoogsf] 9fFrf tof/ ul/ k/LIf0f,
k|of]u tyf cjnf]sg k|s[ofaf6 cfkm"df gofF 1fg tyf ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{ ;Ifd x'g] 5g\ .

18. afv|fsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg

;|f]ts]Gb|sf pTkflbt afv|fsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 M—
-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] ahf/ Joj:yfkg pk — ;ldlt u7g ug{] 5 .
-v_ ahf/ Joj:yfkg pk— ;ldltn] ;|f]ts]Gb|sf ljqmL of]Uo afv|fx?nfO{ k|hgg\ / df;'sf
nflu 5'§f 5'§} OGe]G6«L tof/ ug]{ / k|hgg af]sf, k|hgg\ dfp afv|f, v;L, 56gL ul/Psf
dfp / kf7fkf7Lx?sf] ljlqm d'No lgwf{/0f ug]{ 5 .
-u_ afv|fsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df s[ifs ;d'bfo jf ;fd'bflos ;+3
;+:yf jf cGo ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df afv|f ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{
;lsg] 5 .
-3_ afv|fx?sf] ljqmL ljt/0fsf] nflu ;|f]ts]Gb| / afv|f ljsf;df ;+nUg ;/sf/L tyf u}/—
;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf Pj+ s[ifsx? jLrdf ;dGjo u/fOg] 5 .
19. cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg
;|f]ts]Gb|df ;~rfng e}/x]sf ultljlwx? / ljsf; k|s[ofnfO{ lgoldt?kdf cg'udg /
d'Nof+sg ul/ ;'wf/sf k[i7kf]if0f lbg b]xfo cg';f/ ul/g] 5 M—
-s_ lh=k=;]=sf=n] lgoldt?kdf ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ul/ ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg
s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfo{no÷If]lqo lgb]{zgfno÷kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnonfO{ k7fpg]
5.
-v_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rflnt lhNnfx?df If]lqo tyf s]Gb|Lo lgsfox?af6 lgoldt
cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg x'g] 5 .
-u_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;'wf/ tyf ljsf;sf nflu kz';]jf ljefusf s]Gb|Lo lgsfox?, gfs{,
;/f]sf/jfnf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf / lhNnf :t/Lo kz' ljsf; sfo{ bn;Fu ;dGjo
ul/ ;+o'St cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
20. sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ljleGg lgsfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] lhDd]jf/L M
sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ljleGg lgsfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] lhDd]jf/L cg';"rL !) cg';f/
x'g] 5 .

25
 cg';"rL !
-bkmf & ;Fu ;DalGwt_

lhNnf:t/Lo kz' ljsf; sfo{bn u7g

cWoIf M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o jf lgaf{lrt ;b:o gePsf] ca:yfdf :yfgLo lasf;
clwsf/L
;b:o M k|d'v, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no
;b:o M k|d'v, lhNnf jg sfof{no
;b:o M k|d'v, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljsf; sfof{no
;b:o M k|d'v, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
;b:o M k|d'v, lhNnf e"—;+/If0f sfof{no
;b:o M of]hgf ÷sfo{qmd clws[t, lh=lj=;
;b:o M kz' ljsf; clws[t÷kz' lrlsT;s, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
;b:o ;lrj M k|d'v, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no

b|i6Jo M ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?nfO{ cfd0q0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

26
 cg';"rL @
-bkmf * ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ k|s[of
sfo{ sfo{ljlw lhDd]jf/L
! ks]6 If]qx?af6 ;+efljt ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] nflu k|:tfj cfxjfg\ ug].{ lh=k=;]=sf=
@ lhNnf:t/Lo kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] j}7s al; ;|f]ts]Gb|
lh=k=;]=sf=
:yfkgfsf] nflu If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ .
lhNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;]jf s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|sf] ;+nUgtfdf lh=k=;]=sf=, kz' ;]jf
#
s[ifs ;d"x, ;ldltx? u7g ul/ ;|f]ts]Gb|;Fu ;Demf}tf ug]{ . s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|
;|f]ts]Gb|sf s[ifsx?, :yfgLo lgsfo, kz' ;]jf ljefusf
$ If]lqo tyf s]Gb|Lo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ;+3
lh=k=;]=sf=
;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;+UnUgtfdf :ynut afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|
cled"lvs/0f uf]i7L ;~rfng ug]{ .
% ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] a}7s cfof]hgf ul/ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng
ljsf;sf] sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . ;ldlt
kz' ;]jf s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|,
^ sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ of]hgf k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ . ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng
;ldlt
kz' ;]jf s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|,
& ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] 5gf}6 / ;Demf}tf ug]{ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng
;ldlt
* s[ifs :t/Lo tflndx? ;~rfng ug]{ lh=k=;]=sf= kz' ;]jf
s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|
( ;xfos k|fljlws :t/Lo / ;fdflhs kl/rfns ;~rfng s]=e]=af=k|=sf= /
tflndx? ;~rfng ug]{ . k=;]=tf=tyf k|= lg=
!) s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ug]{ . lh=k= ;]=sf, kz' ;]jf
s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|
lh=k= ;]=sf= kz' ;]jf
!! sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ . s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|, ;|f]ts]Gb|
;~rfng ;ldlt
pTkfbg Ifdtf Go"g ePsf k|hgg\ af]sf x6fpg] tyf vl; kz' ;]jf s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|,
!@
kfg]{ cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ . ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldlt
lh=k= ;]=sf= kz' ;]jf
6\ofluË, l8jld{Ë, l8lkË, vf]k nufpg], v;L kfg]{ / af]sf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|, ;|f]ts]Gb|
!#
ljt/0f ug]{ . ;~rfng ;ldlt,
;fdflhs kl/rfns
lh=k= ;]=sf= kz' ;]jf
!$ clen]lvs/0f, tYof+s ;+sng tyf tYof+s ljZn]if0f s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|, ;dfh
kl/rfns, s[ifs
!% g;{/L :yfkgf tyf 3fF;sf] aLp a]gf{ ljt/0f lh=k= ;]=sf, kz' ;]jf
s]Gb| ÷pks]Gb|

27
 !^ afv|fsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng
;ldlt
hgr]tgf clea[l4sf nflu ljleGg txdf k|rf/, k|;f/sf lh=k=;]=sf=, kz'
!& pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno,
sfo{x? ug]{ .
s]Gb|Lo e]=af=k| sf=
kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷ pks]Gb|n] sfo{s|d ;~rfngsf] lgoldt
!* clen]v /flv dfl;s?kdf ;DalGwt lh=k=;]=sf= df k|ult kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷ pks]Gb
k7fpg] .
lh=k=;]=sf=x?n] ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] leGbf lEfGb} tyf Psd'i6 dfl;s,
!( rf}dfl;s / jflif{s Kf|ult sDkfOn u/L lgoldt?kdf
lh=k=;]=sf=
s]=e]=af= k|=sf=, ;DalGwt If]=k=;]=lg= / kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
k|To]s If]=k=;]=lg=n] sfo{qmd ;kmntfk'j{s ;~rfng ug{
u/fpg cfˆgf] dftxtsf lh=k=;]=sf= afv|f ;|f]t s]Gb|x?sf]
@) If]qLo kz' ;]jf
cg'udg, lg/LIf0f tyf k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ / b]vf k/]sf ;d:of /
lgb]{zgfno
;dfwfgsf pkfox? ;lxt s]=e]=af=k|=sf= / kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .
b|i6JoM o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v gePsf] ljifox?sf] xsdf kz' ;]jf ljefusf] dfkb08, lgb]{lzsf
tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cg';"rL #
-bkmf * / !@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[ofsf] nflu pknAw u/fOg] cf}iflw, ;fdu|L, pks/0fx? tyf ;]jf
1. 6\ofu / 6\oluª d]lzg
2. al8{hf] Sof:6]6/
3. clen]v kmf/d
4. jOª Jofn]G;
5. l8lkË 6\of+s
6. k/hLlj lgoGq0fsf cf}iflwx?
7. lk=lk=cf/ nufotsf /f]ux? lj?4sf vf]kx?
8. tYof+s ljZn]if0fsf] ;km6\jo/
9. k|ljlw k|rf/ k|;f/sf ;fdu|Lx?
10. :6]zg/L ;fdu|L

b|i6Ao M lh=k=;]=sf=n] cfjZos 7x/\ofPsf cGo ;fdu|L tyf pks/0fx? yk ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

28
 cg';"rL $
-bkmf * / !@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;|f]ts]Gb||df 3fF; ljsf;sf] nflu pknAw x'g] ;]jf
;|f]ts]Gbdf b]xfo adf]lhd l;kmfl/; xfjfkfgL cg's'n /x]sf 8fn] tyf e'FO{ 3fF;sf] ;|f]t
ljsf; nflu ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] klxnf] jif{df g;{/L :yfkgf ug{
? #) xhf/ / klxnf] # jif{;Dd cfjZos ;+Vofdf 8fn] tyf e'FO{ 3fF;sf] aLp÷a]gf{ pknAw
u/fOg] 5 M –
-s_ l;kmfl/; d'Vo d'Vo 8fn] 3fF;x?
a8x/, sfa|f], v;|] vGo', /fO{ vGo', lgdf/f], bjbj], s'6ld/f], sf]O/fnf], 6fFsL, Olkn Olkn,
lsDa', as}gf, kfv'/L, a]?nf] -u]8'nf]_, b'lwnf], uf]ug, cflb .

-v_ l;kmfl/; d'Vo d'Vo e"O{+ 3fF;x?

-c_ ax'jlif{o M :6fOnf], g]lko/, d'nf6f], ldGb'nf, ;'Daf ;]6fl/of, abfd], HjG6 e]r,
l8:df]l8od, ljg s]l;of, s'8\h' ,cld|;f], l;Ugn, kf:kfnd cflb .
-cf_ lxpFb] -Ps jlif{o_ M h}, jlif{d, e]r cflb .
-O_ jif]{ -Ps jlif{o_ M l6of];]lG6, ;'8fg cflb .
-O{_ sf]if] M :6fOnf], ldGb'nf, abfd], HjG6 e]r, l8:df]l8od, ljg s]l;of, s'8\h', jlif{d, e]r
cflb .
-p_ csf]if] M g]lko/, d'nf6f], ;'Daf ;]6l/of , kf:kfnd, cld|;f], l;Ugn, h}, l6of];]lG6, ;'8fg
cflb .

29
 cg';"rL %
-bkmf ( ;Fu ;DalGwt_
afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|;Fu ul/g] ;Demf}tf kq
cfh ldlt========================== lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noåf/f ;~rfng ul/g] ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|
ljsf; sfo{qmd sf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf] pknAwL xfl;n ug{ lh=k=;]=sf,===================-o; kl5 klxnf] kIf
elgg]_ / =======================;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|,====================== -o; kl5 bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ jLr
tk;Lndf pNn]lvt zt{x?df /lx ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
1. ;|f]ts]Gb|df cfj4 s[ifsx?n] clgjfo{?kdf ;d"x÷;ldltsf] ;b:o eO{ nlIft sfo{qmd cg';f/
afv|fkfng ug'{kg]{ 5 .
2. b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltdf :yfgLo jf glhssf lhNnfx?sf] dfu adf]lhd jf xfjfkfgL / ef}uf]lnstfsf]
cfwf/df l;kmfl/; ePsf afv|fsf] hftsf] ;|f]ts]Gb| :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ 5 .
3. æ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf —@)&)Æ df pNn]v eP cg';f/
klxnf] # jif{;Dd cfjZos pks/0f tyf ;fdu|L / k|fljlws ;]jf klxnf] kIfaf6 pknAw x'g] 5 .
rf}+yf] jif{b]lv :yfkgf ul/Psf sf]ifaf6 ;f] ;]jf ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yf bf];|f] kIfn] ug'{kg]{ 5 .
4. bf];|f] kIfn] k|hgg\ afv|f, af]sf / kf7fkf7Ldf clgjfo{?kdf 6\ofu nufO{ lgoldt ?kdf afv|fsf]
clen]v /fVg'kg]{ 5 .
5. bf];|f] kIfn] afv|fdf clgolGqt / xf8 gftfdf k|hgg\ k"0f{?kdf lgoGq0f ug{ k|ltj4 x'g'kg]{ 5 .
6. ;|f]ts]Gb|df pTkflbt kf7fnfO{ % dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dd v;L kfg{ / ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
kf7Lsf] xsdf klg ;f] pd]/;Dd ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
7. klxnf] kIfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] bf];|f] kIfn] b'?kof]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
8. ;+emf}tf cg';f/ sfo{ ubf{ eljtJodf kl/ gf]S;fg ePdf klxnf] kIf lhDd]jf/ /xg] 5}g .
9. klxnf] kIfn] ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs gkfPdf tflsPsf] cjlw;Dd sfo{qmdnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg afWo x'g] 5}g .
10. klxnf] kIfsf] sfo{qmd cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 klg bf];|f] kIfn] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ 5 .

k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf

lh=k=;]= sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lxug]{sf] afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] cWoIfsf]
gfd M gfd M
kbM 7]ufgfM
b:tvtM b:tvt M
ldltM ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7f 5fk

/f]xa/ /f]xa/
of]hgf zfvf, kz' ;]jf sfof{no ufp+ lasf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no

b|i6Ao M lh=k=;]=sf n] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]lv zt{x?df yk36 ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

30
 cg';"rL ^
-bkmf !# ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fdflhs kl/rfns;Fu ul/g] ;Demf}tf kq

cfh ldlt==========================df lhNnf===============uf=lj=;=============== df ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos afv|f

;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd cg';f/ sfo{ ug{=================;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; ;ldlt -o; kl5
klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / lhNnf==============uf= lj=;==============jf8{ g+= =====lgjf;L >L =============================-o;
kl5 bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ jLr tk;Lndf pNn]lvt zt{x?df /lx ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
1. bf];|f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfåf/f lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] ?kdf afv|f ;|f]t
s]Gb|df ;]jf ug'{kg]{ 5 .
2. bf];|f] kIfn] s[ifsx?df k|ljlw cg';/0f nufot afv|fsf] vf]/, k|hgg\, cfxf/f, :jf:Yo tyf ahf/
Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] ;xhLs/0f ug'{kg]{ 5 .
3. kf7fkf7Lsf] # dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dd lnOPsf] clen]v ÷tYof+s s[ifsaf6 ;+sng u/]sf] & lbg leq
;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ 5 . o;/L g} kf7fkf7Lsf] % dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dd lnOPsf] clen]v÷tYof+s
klg ;f] cjlwleq ;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ 5 .
4. bf];|f] kIfn] afv|fkfngsf k|ljlwsf] cg'z/0fsf nflu s[ifsx?nfO{ ;b}j clek|]l/t ug]{ 5 .
5. bf];|f] kIfn] ;|f]ts]Gb|sf s[ifsx?sf] ;d:ofx? klxrfg ul/ kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| jf klxnf]
kIfsf]df k7fpg] 5 .
6. bf];|f] kIfn] dfl;s?kdf ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] k|ult ljj/0f klxnf] kIf ;dIf k]z ug]{ 5 .
7. bf];|f] kIfn] s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfngdf ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
8. klxnf] kIfn] bf];|f] kIfsf] sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs ePdf dfl;s?kdf ? rf/ xhf/ kfl/>lds pknAw
u/fpg] 5 .
9. bf];|f] kIfn] slDtdf # jif{sf] ;]jf ug'{kg]{ 5 .
10. bf];|f] kIfsf] sfo{ ;+tf]ifhgs gePsf klxnf] kIfn] ;Demf]}tf /2 ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
11. b'j} kIfsf] ;dembf/Ldf cGo ;]jf zt{x? yk ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf

afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 ;lxug]{sf] ;dfh kl/rfnssf]
gfd M gfd M
kbM 7]ufgfM
b:tvtM b:tvt M
ldltM ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7f 5fk M
/f]xj/ -;]jfs]Gb|÷pks]Gb|_
gfd M
kb M
b:tvt M

31
 cg';"rL &
-bkmf !$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] s[ifs;Fu u/fpg] k|hgg\ af]sfsf] zt{gfdf
e/kfO{ bfb} cfu] lhNnf===================uf=lj=;=÷g=kf================================== j8f g+======= lgjf;L
d============================================n] cfkm\gf] / ;|f]ts]Gb|sf s[ifsx?n] kfn]sf afvf|x?df k|hgg\ ;]jf
pknAw u/fO{ afv|fsf] >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug{ ;xof]u ug{ ======================== sfof{noaf6 k|fKt
6\ofu g+==============sf] =============hftsf] k|hgg\of]Uo af]sf cfh ldlt =============== ut]sf lbg lgDg zt{df
a'lemlnO{ of] e/kfO{ ul/lbP+ .
O{lt ;Djt===========;fn==========dlxgf======ut] ======/f]h z'ed\ .
zt{gfdf
1. cfkm'n] a'lemlnPsf] af]sfnfO{ k|hgg\sf] nflu dfq k|of]u u/L ;f] sf] clen]v lgoldt ?kdf
lh=k=;]=sf= jf ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| ÷ ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltdf a'emfpg] 5' .
2. af]sf lj/fdL ePdf glhssf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|df jf lh=k=;]=sf=df nlu pkrf/ u/fpg] 5' .
3. jif{df slDtdf $ k6s k/lhjL lj?4 pkrf/ u/fpg]5' .
4. crfgs af]sf d/]df glhssf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|df jf lh=k=;]=sf=df nlu kf]i6df6{d u/fpg]
5' .
5. s'g} nfkjf{xLsf sf/0f af]sf d/]df ;f]xL u'0f:t/sf] af]sf cfkm\g} vr{df Joj:yf ul/ ;]jf k'/fpg]
5' .
6. o; If]qsf s[ifs ;d'xn] kfn]sf afv|fx?df cfjZostf cg';f/ k|hgg\ ;]jfsf] nflu af]sf pknAw
u/fpg]5' .
7. xf8gftfdf x'g] k|hgg\ lgoGq0fsf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] 5' .
8. ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfng ;ldltn] af]sf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cGo s[ifsnfO{ lbg lgb]{zg lbPsf] cj:yfdf
;f]sf] kfngf ug]{ 5' .
af]sf a'em\g]sf] b:tvt M a'emfpg]sf] b:tvt M
ldlt M
;fIfL÷/f]xj/
=============================uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= lgjf;L >L====================================b:tvt M
=============================uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= lgjf;L >L====================================b:tvt M
k|dfl0ft ug]{ M
sfof{nosf k|ltlgwLsf] gfd M
b:tvt M
sfof{no÷;d"x÷;ldltsf] 5fk

32
 cg';"rL *
-bkmf !% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
dfp afv|fsf] clen]v kmf/dsf] gd"gf
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no=================
==============;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb|,======================

s[ifssf] gfd:
&]ufgf:

dfpm afv|fsf] gfd jf ;+s]t: gZn: ^\ofu gDa/: hGd ldlt

dfpm afv|fsf] dfpm dfpm afv|fsf] afpm

klxnf] k^s af]sf nfUbfsf] ldlt: klxnf] k^s AofPsf] ldlt:
dfpm afv|fsf] lautsf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L: plN6g] - _ t'lxg] - _ af/Daf/ /f]u nfUg] - _
cGo================

tf}n kf7fkf7Lsf] ln· (M or F), tf}n – -s]=hL=df_ s}lkmot

a]t af]sf nfu]sf] af]sfsf] AofPsf] tf}n lnPsf]
lnPsf] ! @ #
gDa/ ldlt 6\ofu g++ ldlt k6s
ldlt 6\ofu g+= lnË tf}n 6\ofu g+= lnË tf}n 6\ofu g+= lnË tf}n

hGd]sf] lbg
t]>f] dlxgf
kf+rf}+ dlxgf
hGd]sf] lbg
t]>f] dlxgf
kf+rf}+ dlxgf
hGd]sf] lbg
t]>f] dlxgf
kf+rf}+ dlxgf
hGd]sf] lbg
t]>f] dlxgf
kf+rf}+ dlxgf

dfp afv|f ayfgaf6 x6]sf] ldlt ====== ============== sf/0f d[To' ePsf] - _ olb d[To" ePsf] eP sf/0f /f]u nfu]/ - _

lals| u/]sf] - _ b'3{6gf jf h+unL hgfj/sf] cfqmd0faf6 - _

b|i6Ao M s[ifsn] kf7fsf] hGd tf}n, tLg dlxgfsf] tf}n / kfFr dlxgfsf] tf}n ul/ hDdf # k6s tf}n lng] .

33
 cg';"rL (
-bkmf !% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|hgg\ dfp afv|f÷af]sfdf x'g'kg]{ u'0fx?
-s_ k|hgg\ dfp afv|f
1. b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] dfp afv|fsf] ;Gtfg x'g' kg]{ .
2. dfpm afv|fsf] dfpm -Dam_ / afpm -Sire_ sf] aLr gftf gePsf] x'g kg]{ .
3. klxnf] k6s Jofpg] pd]/ a9Ldf !& dlxgf;Dd x'g' kg]{ .
4. b'O{ jif{df # k6s Jofpg] ljz]iftf ePsf] x'g' kg]{ .
5. 5gf}6 ul/g] afv|fsf] hft cg';f/ hflto u'0f k|i6 b]lvg] x'g'kg]{ .
6. /fd|f] b"w pTkfbg tyf kf7fkf7L x'sf{pg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf], nfdf] v'§f, l5gf] cfsf/sf]
zfl//Ls jgfj6 tyf sNrf}8f] / y'g ldn]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
7. zfl//Ls jgfj6df s'g} vf]6 gePsf] , k|hgg\ tyf cGo /f]u gePsf] x'g' kg]{ .
8. 5gf}6 ug]{ afv|fn] :yflgo xfjfkfgL ;xg ;Sg] / :yflgo ?kdf pknAw 3fF;kft pkof]u
ug]{ vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .

-v_ k|hgg\ af]sf

1. b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] dfp afv|fsf] ;Gtfg x'g' kg]{ .
2. af]sfsf] dfpm -Dam_ / afpm-Sire_sf] aLr gftf gePsf] x'g' kg]{ .
3. k|hgg\sf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] af]sf /fd|f] b"w lbg] dfpaf6 hGd]sf] x'g'kg]{ .
4. cfkm\gf] bf}t/Lx/msf] eGbf a9L zfl//Ls j[l4 b/ ePsf] 5gf}6 x'g' kg]{ .
5. 5gf}6 ul/g] af]sfx?sf] hft cg';f/ hftLo u'0f k|i6 b]lvg] x'g'kg]{ .
6. b'j} c08sf]if /fd|f];Fu ljsf; ePsf] / Ps} cfsf/ k|sf/sf] x'g'kg]{ .
7. km'lt{nf], bfgfkfgL ?rfP/ vfg], 5fnf, /f}+ ;kmf / rlDsnf], pd]/ cg';f/ zfl/l/s j[l4
ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .
8. rf}8f 5ftL, l;wf tyf alnof] v'§f / 6fpsf] tyf ub{gsf] cg'kft ldn]sf] z/L/ x'g'kg]{ .
9. k|hgg ;DalGw /f]u tyf cGo /f]ux?af6 d'Qm x'g'kg]{ .

34
 cg';"rL !)
-bkmf @) ;Fu ;DalGwt _
sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ljleGg lgsfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] lhDd]jf/L
1. ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/L
-s_ pknAw u/fOPsf] clen]v kmf/d clgjfo{ / lgoldt?kdf eg]{, eg{ clek|]l/t ug]{
tyf ;xof]u ug]{ .
-v_ clen]vsf] tYof+s kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
-u_ sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ;lqmo?kdf ;xefuL alg lh=k=;]=sf=÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷
pks]Gb|nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
-3_ lh=k=;]=sf÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo ul/ ;fdflhs kl/rfns 5gf}6
tyf ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
-ª_ ;|f]ts]Gb|df ;fd'bflos afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| sf] ;fOgaf]8{ ;j}n] b]Vg] u/L /fVg] .
-r_ ;DalGwt 6f]n÷jf8{ ÷uf=lj=;= tyf To;sf] jl/kl/ v'Nnf r/gdf nlug] k|hgg af]sf
r/gdf n}hfg /f]s nufpg] tyf sd;n af]sf vl; kfg{ tyf x6fpgsf] nflu
;DalGwt AolQm tyf ;+:yf;+u ;dGjo u/L xf8gftf k|hgg -Inbreeding_ Go'gLs/0f
ug]{ tkm{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
-5_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] :fdGjodf sf]if :yfkgf ug]{, sf]if ;~rfngsf] nflu lgod,
k|s[of agfpg] / /sd kl/rfng ug]{ .
-h_ sf]ifsf] /sd a9fpg cfly{s ;xof]usf] nflu ljleGg lgsfo;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
-em_ cGo s[ifsx?nfO{ gZn ;'wfl/Psf afv|fkfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
-~f_ ljqmL of]Uo afv|fx?nfO{ k|hgg\ / df;'sf nflu 5'§f 5'§} OGe]G6«L tof/ ug]{ / k|hgg
af]sf, k|hgg\ dfp afv|f, v;L, 56gL ul/Psf dfp / kf7fkf7Lx?sf] ljlqm d'No
lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-6_ afv|fsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu ;Dks{ a9fpg] .
-7_ cfˆgf] Onfsfsf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|;+u lgoldt :fDks{ Pj+ ;dGjodf /xg] .
-8_ ;|f]ts]Gb| leqsf ;d:ofx? 5nkmn tyf ;dfwfg ug{ dfl;s?kdf j}7s cfof]hgf ug].{
-9_ dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|ult ljj/0f el/ ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|df
k7fpg] .
-0f_ sf]ifsf] n]vf k/LIf0f u/fO{ k|ltj]bg kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|df k7fpg] .
-t_ sfo{qmd cjlw ;dfKt e};s]kl5 klg ;|f]ts]Gb| ;~rfngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .

2. kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/LM

-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb| nlIft sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
-v_ s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt u7g / sf]if ;~rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

35
 -u_ ;|f]ts]Gb|df s[ifs4f/f pknAw u/fOPsf] tYof+snfO{ ;km\6jo/df k|lji6 ug]{ jf
lh=k=;]=sf=df k7fpg] .
-3_ lh=k=;]=sf=sf] ;dGjodf ;|f]ts]Gb|df afv|fkfngsf k|ljlwx?sf] cg'z/0f u/fpg s[ifs
kf7zfnf ;~rfngdf ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-ª_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ s'g} lsl;dsf] cK7of/f] cfOk/] jf s'g} ;Nnfx ;'dmfj eP
lHfNnf kz'' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ ;do d} vj/ ug]{ .
-r_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] lgoldt lgl/If0f, cg'udg u/L cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
-5_ ;|f]ts]Gb|x?jf6 dfl;s k|ult ;+sng u/L ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg].

3. lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/LM

-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu ks]6 If]qx?af6 k|:tfj cfxjfg\ / k|fyldlss/0f ul/ lhNNff
:t/Lo kz' ljsf; sfo{bndf k]z ug]{ .
-v_ lgb]{lzsf cg';f/sf] sfo{qmd to ul/ ;~rfng ug]{ .
-v_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf nflu s[ifs 5gf}6, ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L u7g ug{ ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-u_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;df s]Gb|Lo lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .
-3_ sf]if :yfkgf / ;~rfng k|s[ofdf ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-ª_ :yfgLo ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 hgr]tgfd'ns k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
-r_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf] tYof+s pknAw u/fOPsf] ;km\6jo/df OG6«L tyf ljZn]if0f ul/ afv|f 5gf}6
k|s[ofdf ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-5_ afv|fsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu s[ifsx?df g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;+rflnt ljdf
sfo{qmdsf] hgr]tgf a9fpg] .
-h_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?af6 cfjZos ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn ug].{
-h_ lgoldt?kdf ;|f]ts]Gb|df ;~rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmdx? cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ug]{ .
o; k|sf/sf cg'udgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ lhNnf :t/Lo kz' ljsf; sfo{bnnfO{ ;d]t
;dfj]z u/fpg] .
-em_ ;DjlGwt If]lqo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno, s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no / kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf lgoldt?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .

4. s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/LM

-s_ afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ .
-v_ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw, gd{; tof/ tyf kl/dfh{g u/L
l:js[t u/fpg] / sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .
-u_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fdfu|L ljt/0f tyf hgr]tgf
clej[l¢sf] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .

36
 -3_ ljleGg s[ifs tyf sd{rf/L tflnd ;~rfng ug{ kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/
lgb]{zgfno;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
-8_ cfjZostfg';f/ lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;Nnfx
;'emfj lbg] .
-r_ ljleGg If]qdf ;+rflnt ;|f]ts]Gb|x? aLr ;dGjo u/fpg] .
-5_ s[ifssf] dfu, If]qsf] xfjfkfgL / ef}uf]lnstfsf] cfwf/df ;|f]ts]Gb|df pko'St hftsf]
afv|f l;kmfl/; ug{, gZn ;'wf/ tyf afv|fsf] 5gf}6 k|s[ofdf dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{ /
cGf';GwfgfTds sfo{x? ug{ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .
-h_ ;|f]ts]Gb|df afv|fsf] pTkfbg dfkb08 lgwf{/0f, :yfgL afv|fsf] hflto z'4tf tyf
cfg'a+lzsL ;+/If0fdf ;DalGwt ljZj ljBfnonox? tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu
;dGjo ug]{ .
-em_ kz' ;]jf ljefusf ljleGg lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo ul/ sfo{qmd ;~rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg] .
-~f_ ;|f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf cWoog ug]{ .
-6_ ;|f]ts]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt?kdf cg'udg lg/LIf0f ug]{ / ;'wf/sf] nflu k[i7kf]if0f lbg] .
-7_ sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg lgoldt?kdf kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

5. If]lqo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?sf] lhDd]jf/LM

-s_ sfo{qmd ;kmntk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg
lbg] .
-v_ lhNnfdf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg rf}dfl;s ?kdf
cfjZos ;'dmfj ;lxt kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
-u_ sfo{qmdsf] If]qut ?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f
k|j4{g sfof{no / pTkfbg lgb]{zgfndf k|fKt x'g] u/L k7fpg] .

6. /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/L M

;|f]ts]Gb|df 3fF; ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos aLp÷a]gf{ pknAw u/fpg jf ;DalGwt ;]jf
k'/fpg ;xof]u ug]{ .

7. kz'k+IfL ahf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L

-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb|sf afv|f ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu ahf/ ;"rgf k|jfx, d'No lgwf{/0f, ;+sng s]Gb|
:yfkgf, ahf/ ;+hfn lgdf{0f nufotsf sfo{x?df ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-u_ ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu gLlt, lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw, gd;{ agfpg tyf kl/dfh{g ug{ ;xof]u
ug]{ .

37
8. kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/LM
-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb|df ;+rflnt x'g] tflndx?sf] kf7\oqmd ljsf; ug]{ tyf cfjZos kl/dfh{g
ug]{ .
-v_ s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no / sfo{qmd ;+rflnt lh=k=;]=sf=x?nfO{ tflnd
;~rfngdf ;xof]u k'/fpg] .
-u_ tflnd k|fKt ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ug]{ .
-3_ s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no / sfo{qmd ;+rflnt lh=k=;]=sf=x?nfO{ k|rf/, k|;f/sf
;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg] .

9. kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L

-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb|df /f]ux? km}lng glbg dftxtdf /x]sf sfof{nox? dfkm{t ;le{n]G; ug]{ .
-v_ ljleGg ;+qmfds /f]ux? lj?4 h=k=;]=sf=nfO{ cfjZos vf]kx? pknAw u/fpg ;xof]u
k'/fpg] .
-u_ /f]usf] dxfdf/L km}lnPsf] v08df lgoGq0fsf] nflu cfZos sbd rfNg] .
-3_ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL gLlt, lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw, gd{\; agfpg tyf kl/dfh{g ug{ ;xof]u ug]{.

10. kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/LM

-s_ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{nonfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj,
;Nnfx tyf lgb]{zg lbg] .
-v_ ;Grflnt sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/fpg] tyf
ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fKt lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?nfO{ ;do d}
;'wf/sf] nflu k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ .
-u_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt lgb]{zgfno,
ljefu, dGqfno / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
-3_ sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f ;+of]u ul/ kz' ;]jf ljefudf
k7fpg] .

11. kz' ;]jf laefusf] lhDd]jf/LM

-s_ ;|f]ts]Gb| lasf;sf sfo{s|dx? th'{df, ah]6 lalgof]hg tyf Aoa:yf ug]{ .
-v_ ;|f]ts]Gb|;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{lalw :jLs[lt, ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{gsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox? l;t ;dGjo ug]{ .
-u_ sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ug]{ u/fpg] .

38
 pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, df= dGqL:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷&÷!@ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

k|:tfjgf
b]zdf a9\bf] hg;+Vof Pj+ zx/Ls/0fn] ubf{ b'w tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] dfu a9b} u} /x]sf] 5 .
h;n] ubf{ xfn b'wfn' ufO{÷e};Lkfng ug{ rfxg] Joj;foLx?sf] ;+Vofdf ;d]t j[l4 x'b} u}/x]sf] 5.
o; cj:yfdf pGgt gZnsf b'wfn' ufO{÷e};Lx?sf] e/kbf]{ >f]tsf] cefjnfO{ b[li6ut ul/ b'w
tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] dfunfO{ ;xh cfk"lt{ ug{ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k lghL pBdL,
sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df pGgt
ufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug{ b]xfosf lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf]
5.
kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
21. ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
1. of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æpGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf,
@)&)Æ /x]sf] 5 .
2. of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 k|f/De x'g]5 .

22. kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,

1. ælgb]{lzsfÆ eGgfn] æufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)Æ
;Demg' kb{5 .
2. æsfo{qmdÆ eGgfn] æufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdÆ ;Demg' kb{5 .
3. æks]6 If]qÆ eGgfn] ufO{÷e};L ks]6 If]qnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
4. æsDkgLÆ eGgfn] ;/sf/L lgsfodf kz'kfng Joj;fosf] nflu ljlwjt ?kdf btf{
ePsf] sDkgL ;Demg' kb{5 .
5. ælghL pBdLÆ eGgfn] JolQmut ?kdf Joj;flos kz'kfngdf ;+nUg s[ifs tyf
pBdL ;Demg' kb{5 .
6. ækz' ljsf; sfo{bnÆ eGgfn] >f]ts]Gb| ljsf;sf] nflu If]q 5gf}6 ug{ lhNnf:t/Lo
lgsfox?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]ul/ u7g ul/g] sfo{bn ;Demg' kb{5 .
7. æ>f]ts]Gb|Æ eGgfn] ufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ;Demg' kb{5 .
8. æ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LÆ eGgfn] >f]ts]Gb|df cfj4 s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L
;Demg' kb{5 .
9. æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] o; sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu :yfkgf ul/Psf] ufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf;
sf]if ;Demg' kb{5 .
10. æ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|Æ eGgfn] sfo{qmd ;+rflnt If]q;+u ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf
s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| ;Demg' kb{5 .

39
 11. æ;fem]bf/Æ eGgfn] lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/
;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? eGg] ;Demg' kb{5 .
12. ælhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnÆ eGgfn] kz' ;]jf ljefusf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng
lgb]{lzsf tyf gd{; k'l:tsf cg';f/ ;DalGwt lhNnfdf ul7t kz' ljsf; sfo{bn
;Demg' kb{5 .

23. p2]Zox? M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\

1. ef}uf]lns If]q tyf xfjfkfgL ;'xfpFbf] pGgt gZnsf] ufO{÷e}+;Lkfng af6 pTkfbgzLn
/ k|hggof]Uo kz'x?sf] pknAwtf a9fpFb} n}hfg] .
2. pGgt kz'x?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ul/ b'wsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
3. :jR5 b'w pTkfbgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg c;n Joj:yfkg ljlwx? cjnDjg
u/fpg k|]l/t ub}{ b'w pTkfbg k]zfnfO{ Joj;flos k]]zfdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg]
jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ .

$= /0fgLltx? M bkmf # adf]lhdsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu b]xfosf /0fgLltx? ckgfO{g] 5g M

1. s[ifs ;d"x, ;ldlt / ;xsf/L, ;+3÷;+:yf tyf lghL pBdL, sDkgL, :yflgo lgsfo,
u}x| ;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yfx? dfk{mt ;fe]mbf/Ldf Joj;flos pGgt ufO{, e+};L,
afR5fafR5L, kf8fkf8L kfng u/L ufO{÷e}+;Lsf] >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
2. a[xt tyf Joj;flos ?kdf >f]t s]Gb| sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/ >f]t s]Gb|sf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug{ cf;kf;sf cGo s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L tyf tyf gLlh pBdL,
sDkgL, :yflgo lgsfo, u}x| ;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yfx?nfO{ klg o; sfo{qmdn] ;d]6\b}
n}hfg] . o;/L >f]t s]Gb| ;Grfng ubf{ k|lt >f]t s]Gb| slDtdf !)) uf]6f dfpF ufO{
jf %) uf]6f dfpF e}+;Lsf] ;+Vof ePsf] x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
3. klxnf] # jif{sf] nflu >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgfy{ ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f, ;'wf/ tyf d]lzg/L
cf}hf/ pks/0f v/Lb h:tf sfo{df cg'bfg lbg æpGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf;
sf]ifÆ sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no nufotsf cGo ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf c;n Joj:yfkg ljlw cjnDag u/fO{ >f]t s]Gb|
:yfkgf ePsf] al9df % aif{;Dddf >f]ts]Gb|nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;xof]u ul/g] 5 .
4. >f]t s]Gb| ;Grfngsf] nflu cfjZos C0f tyf kz' ladf ;]jfsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo u/fO{ ;xlhs/0f ul/g] 5 .
5. pGgt kz' 5gf}6 ;DaGwL dfkb08sf] nflu o; sfo{qmdnfO{ b'wfn' ufO{÷e};L j+z
;'wf/ sfo{qmd;Fu cfj4 u/fOg] 5 . o; cGtu{t >f]t s]Gb|df ePsf kz'x?sf]
cg';"rL–* -s_ / -v_ cg';f/ ljj/0f (Herd Book) tof/ ul/ cWofjlws ul/g] 5 .
6. pGgt ufO{÷e}+;Lsf] dfu tyf cfk"l{t cj:yfsf] cWofjlws ul/ Joj:yfkg ul/g] 5 .
7. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;"lglZrtfsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;+nUgtfdf cg'udg
sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

40
 kl/R5]b @
sfo{qmd ;DaGwL
%= sfo{qmdsf] calw M
1. of] sfo{qmdsf] cjlw al9df % aif{sf] x'g]5 . ;f] cjlw kZrft sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf]
nflu >f]t s]Gb| cfTdlge{/ x'g] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
2. ;kmntfsf] cfwf/df >f]ts]Gb| cf;kf;sf If]qx?df sfo{qmdsf] yk lj:tf/ ul/g] 5 .

^= >f]t s]Gb| 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? M bkmf % sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu >f]t s]Gb| 5gf}6sf] nflu b]xfo
jdf]lhdsf cfwf/x? to ul/Psf] 5 M
1. k|To]s ljsf; If]qdf slDtdf Ps >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g' kg]{ .
2. >f]t s]Gb|df slDtdf !)) dfp ufO{ jf %) dfp e}+;L ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .
3. >f]t s]Gb| /xg] :yfgdf ;8s, ;+rf/, l;+rfO{, lkpg] kfgL / ljh'nL h:tf ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;'ljwf ePsf] .
4. Joj;flos ?kdf ufO{÷e};Lsf kmfd{ ;+rfng e}/x]sf tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu k|r'/
;Defjgf ePsf ks]6 If]qx? .
5. afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3fF;kft pknAw x'g ;Sg] :yfg .
6. s[ifsx?sf] sfo{qmd k|lt rfxgf ePsf] .

&= sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;fem]bf/ 5gf}6 M

1. kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] bkmf ^ adf]lhd ufO{÷e};Lsf] >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu
kfFr j6} ljsf; If]q ;d]6\g] u/L lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
2. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj
cfXjfg ug]{5 .
3. sfo{qmddf ;xeflu x'g O{R5's ;+:yfx?n] cg';"rL–# cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
agfO{ ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf cg";'rL–@ cg';f/sf] lgj]bg btf{ ug'{
kg]{5 .
4. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn]] k|fKt k|:tfj tyf sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu
k|f/lDes ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cg';"rL–$ adf]lhd d"NofÍg ul/
;fem]bf/sf] 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
5. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / 5gf}+6 ePsf ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf lar cg";'rL–%cg';f/
;Demf}tf u/L sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/Lg]5 .

*= pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt M

1. :yflgo:t/df sfo{qmd ;+rfng, cg'udg, ;dGjo, ;'emfj tyf ;xof]u / lgoGq0f
ug{ tyf sf]if kl/rfng ug{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] & ;b:oLo ;+rfns ;ldlt /xg] 5 .
-s_ k|ltlgwL, ;fem]bf/ lgsfo cWoIf
-v_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] -a9Ldf # hgf_ ;b:o
-u_ k|ltlgwL, :yflgo lgsfo ;b:o
-3_ k|ltlgwL, lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no ;b:o
-ª_ k|d'v, ;+jlGwt kz' ;]jf÷pks]Gb| ;b:o ;lrj

41
 2. pkbkmf ! adf]lhd ul7t pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf] sfd,
st{Jo tyf clwsf/M
-s_ kz'kfng >f]t s]Gb| ;~rfng ug{ cg';"rL–% adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
-v_ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ >f]ts]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .
-u_ :yfgLo lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo u/L pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifdf
cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn ug]{ .
-3_ >f]t s]Gb|df /x]sf ufO{÷e};Lx?sf] ladfsf] nflu kxn ug]{ u/fpg] .
-ª_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|÷;DjlGwt lgsfon] lbPsf
;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .
-r_ cfj:ostf cg';f/ ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ clen]v Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
-5_ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xhstf{ lgo"lQm ug]{ / lghnfO{ ;]jf jfktsf] kfl/>lds
lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-h_ ljlQo tyf sfo{ k|ult lgoldt ?kdf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
-em_ ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfaf6 ;Grflnt o; sfo{qmd af/] x/]s jif{ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug]{
tyf ug{ nufpg] .
(= s]Gb|Lo kz' >f]t s]Gb| ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltM
1. sfo{qmdsf] gLltut Joj:yf ug{ b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] kbflwsf/L /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo kz'
>f]ts]Gb| ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldlt /xg]5 M
-s_ dxflgb]{zs, kz' ;]jf ljefu ;+of]hs
-v_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno ;x–;+of]hs
-u_ lgb]{zs, nfO{e:6s P08 lkm;]l/h, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb ;b:o
-3_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-ª_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz'k+IfL jhf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-r_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz';]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-5_ clws[t k|ltlgwL, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno ;b:o
-h_ clws[t k|ltlgwL, cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg zfvf, kz' ;]jf ljefu ;b:o
-em_ clws[t k|ltlgwL, /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{ ;b:o
-`_ clws[t k|ltlgwL, b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg ;b:o
-6_ k|d'v, s]Gb|Lo ufO{÷e};L k|j¢{g sfof{no ;b:o–;lrj
2. pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] j}7s cfjZostfg';f/ j:g]5 .
3. pkbkmf -@_ jdf]lhd ;ldltsf] j}7sdf ;DjlGwt lj1 / s[ifsnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{
;lsg]5 .

!)= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd
/xg]5 M
1. sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ljleGg lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf ;xhtf k|bfg
ug]{ .
2. cfjZostf cg';f/ sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff u/L k[i7kf]if0f lbg] .

42
 kl/R5]b #
;]jf ;+rfng ;DaGwL
!!= ;]jf ;+rfng k|s[of M o; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ k|s[of b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 M
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj cfXjfg
ug]{5 .
2. sfo{qmddf ;xeflu x'g O{R5's ;+:yfx?n] cg';"rL–# cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf agfO{
;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf cg";'rL–@ cg';f/sf] lgj]bg btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
3. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] btf{ ePsf k|:tfjx?sf] :Yfnut lg/LIf0f u/L k|f/lDes
kz'kfng ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bndf :jLs[ltsf] nflu
k]z ug]{ 5 .
4. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn]] k|fKt k|:tfj tyf sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu
k|f/lDes kz'kfng ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cg';"rL–$ adf]lhd d"NofÍg ul/
;fem]bf/sf] 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
5. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / 5gf}+6 ePsf ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf lar cg";'rL–% cg';f/
;Demf}tf u/L sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/Lg]5 .
6. a[xt tyf Joj;flos ?kdf >f]t s]Gb| sfo{qmd ;Grfng, ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{
cf;kf;sf cGo s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷gLlh pBdL÷sDkgLx?nfO{ klg o;
sfo{qmdn] ;d]6\b} n}hfg] .
7. ;fem]bf/n] x/]s jif{ cfˆgf] >f]t s]Gb|df /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf]
cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{ sfo{qmd tyf ah]6x? th'{df u/L lhNnf kz' kz' ;]jf
sfof{nodf k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]; ug]{ .
8. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] ;fem]bf/af6 k]; ePsf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 lhNnf
kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] a}7saf6 clGtd ?k lbO{ ljlgof]lht cg'bfg /sdsf] cfwf/df
sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{ .
9. :jLs[t sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu k|fKt cg'bfg /sdsf] @% k|ltzt ;fem]bf/n] sf]ifdf
bflvnf u/] kZrft lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] &% k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd cg'bfg
:j?k sf]ifdf hDdf u/L lbg]5 . h; cg';f/ k|lt >f]t s]Gb| klxnf] jif{ al9df ?= ^
nfv, bf]>f] jif{ al9df ?= !% nfv / t]>f] jif{ al9df ?= $ nfvsf b/n] Psd'i7
sf]ifdf hDdf ul/ lbg]5 .
10. ;fem]bf/n] >f]t s]Gb|sf] ljlQo tyf ef}lts k|ult x/]s dlxgf kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|
dfkm{t lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
11. >f]t s]Gb|df ePsf /fd|f] u'0f:t/ tyf pTkfbg Ifdtf ePsf :j:y kz'x? 5gf}6 / 6\ofluË
u/L clen]v /fVg]5 .
12. >f]]t s]Gb|sf ePsf ufO{ e}+;Lx?sf] k|fljlws ;"rs cg';"lr–!! adf]lhd x'g'kg]{5 .
13. >f]ts]Gbsf s[ifsx?nfO{ ufO{ e}+;L kfng ;DalGw Ifdtf clej[4Lsf] nflu tflnd sfo{qmd
;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
14. >f]t s]Gb|df kz'sf] uf]7 lgdf{0f ubf{ cg';"rL–!) cg';f/ / xfjfkfgL ;'xfpbf], a}1flgs,
;kmf / xfjfbf/ x'g' kg]{5 .

43
 15. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] >f]t s]Gb|df ePsf kz'x?df c;n Joj:yfkg ljwL cg'?k
kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf h:t}M l66 l8lkË, k/hLjL lgoGq0f, vf]k cflb k|bfg ug'{kg]{5 . / ;f]
sf] ;Dk'0f{ ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
16. >f]t s]Gb|df df};d / cfjZostf cg';f/ lxpFb], aif]{, jx'jif]{3fF; tyf 8fFn] 3fF;
nufPsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .

!@= pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sf]if ;+rfngM pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] lbuf]
;+rfngsf] nflu k|To]s s]Gb|df æpGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifÆ gfdsf] Ps sf]ifsf]
:yfkgf ul/g] 5 . ;f] sf]ifdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] /sd hDdf x'g]5 M
1. aflif{s ah]6 / :jLs[t sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd
2. a}b]lzs bft[ lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd k|fKt ubf{ cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'
kg]{5 .
3. ljb]zL, ;/sf/L tyf u}x| ;/sf/L bft[ lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd
4. b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf, jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x, :yfgLo lgsfo, ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf
cGo ;+3÷;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt ug]{ /sd
5. ;DalGwt kz'kfng >f]t s]Gb|sf ;d'x, ;ldlt, ;xsf/L, a|L8/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf
;b:ox?÷pkef]Qmf s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt af6 ;+sng x'g] /sd
6. sf]ifsf] nflu cGo lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd
7. sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 cfDbfgL ePsf] Jofh /sd
8. cGo ;Defljt >f]tx?

!#= sf]if ;~rfng M bkmf !@ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifsf] ;Grfng ljlw b]xfo cg';f/ x'g]5M
1. bkmf !@ jdf]lhd sf]ifdf hDdf x'g cfPsf] /sd kl/rfngsf] nflu bkmf * adf]lhd
ul7t ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o ;lrjsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 ;Grfng x'g] u/L
glhssf] a}+Ídf vftf vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
2. sf]ifsf] /sd ;DjlGwt ;fem]bf/ lgsfon] lhNnf l:yt kz' ;]jf sfo{bnaf6 :jLs[lt
ePsf] sfo{qmd adf]lhd vr{ ul/g]5 .
3. sf]ifsf] dfl;s cj:yfsf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf dlxgf lat]sf] & lbg
leq k]; ug'{ kg]{
!$= sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0fM s]Gb|x?df :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ePsf] sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0f k|rlnt
sfg"g jdf]lhd u/fpg' kg]{5 / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg ;DjlGwt lHfNnf kz';]jf sfof{nodf k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .

!%= cg'udg tyf k[i7kf]if0f M sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pj+ k|efjsf/Ltfsf] nflu s[lif ljsf;
dGqfno, kz' ;]jf ljefu nufot ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] ;]jf ;~rfngsf]
cg'udg u/L cg';"rL–^ adf]lhd ;f] sf] k[i7kf]if0f kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf lbg] 5 .
!^= sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf M sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] qmddf ;+nUg ljleGg
lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf tyf bfloTj cg';'lr–( df pNn]v ul/P jdf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] bfloTj
k"/f ug'{ ;DjlGwt ;j}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

44
 cg";'rL !
-bkmf–&=@ / !!=! ;+u ;DalGwt_
;"rgf
o; sfof{nosf] cf=j=@)=====÷====== sf] jflif{s l:js[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ pGgt gZnsf b'wfn'
ufO{÷e};Lx?sf] e/kbf]{ >f]tsf] cefjnfO{ b[li6ut ul/ b'w tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] dfunfO{ ;xh
cfk"lt{ ug{ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo
lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd
k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug{ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt
÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb|
ljsf; sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu ========== lhNnfdf j;f]jf; u/]sf lghL
pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|:tfj
cfJXfgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . O{R5's lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷
;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn]
!% lbg leq tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d / kl/of]hgf k|:tfj o; sfof{nodf k]z ug'{
xf]nf . o; sfof{noaf6 ;Grfng ePsf cGo sfo{qmdx?af6 ut # jif{ leq ?= @ nfv ;Ddsf]
;xof]u lnO{ sfo{qmd u/]sf ;+:yfx? 5gf}6sf] k|lqmofdf ;dfj]; x'g] 5}gg\ . lj:t[t hfgsfl/sf
nflu ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? ;+nUg ug{ ;d]t o;} ;"rgfåf/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .
1. cg";"rL–@ cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d
2. cg";"rL–# cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
3. g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
4. ;+:yf;+u cfj4 ;b:ox?n] k|fKt u/]sf] cGo k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf, cflb_ sf
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkLx?
5. lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yf
;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
6. sfo{qmdsf] nflu 5gf}+6 ePdf lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo
lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf ;b:ox?af6 sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk

45
 cg";'rL @
-bkmf–&=# / !!=@ ;+u ;DalGwt_
pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| ;Grfngsf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg–kqsf] kmf/d
>Ldfg k|d'v Ho",
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no,
======================
ljifo M pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| ;Grfngsf] nflu 5gf}6 x'g kfpF eGg] af/] .
dxf]bo,
To; sfof{nosf] ldlt ============================ sf] ================================klqsfdf k|sflzt ;"rgf
cg';f/ ================================================================== lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷
;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/
;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsfsf] tkm{jf6 ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df slDtdf !)) uf]6f pGgt gZnsf b'wfn'
ufO{÷%) uf]6f pGgt gZnsf b'wfn' e};Lx?sf] >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug{ /
o; s]Gb|df pTkflbt afR5f afR5L÷kf8fkf8Lx? x'sf{O{ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] bf]>f] jif{ b]lv g}
cGo Joj;foLs ufO{÷e};L kfns s[ifsx?nfO{ k|lt jif{ slDtdf !)) uf]6f b'wfn' ufO{÷%) uf]6f
b'wfn' e};Lx? pknAw u/fO{ ufO{÷e};L Joj;fosf] If]qdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] lta| O{R5f ePsf]n] tkl;n
cg'';f/sf sfuhft /fvL of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f} . pQm sfo{qmd k|fKt ePdf o; ;DaGwL
;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08df pNn]v eP cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug]{5f}+ / o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu
ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08 ljkl/t u/]sf] kfOPdf ljBdfg sfg'g adf]lhd sfo{jfxLsf]
efu]bf/L x'g d~h'/ /x]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
k'gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? o;} lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg /fv]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t
cg'/f]w ub{5' .
tkl;n
1. cg";"rL–# cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
2. g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
3. lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yf
;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
4. ;+:yf;+u cfj4 ;b:ox?n] k|fKt u/]sf] cGo k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf, cflb_ sf
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkLx?
5. ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 sfo{qmd ;Grfng ;Grfng ;DaGwL ePsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
6. lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf
;b:ox?af6 sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
lgj]bg lbg] ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 lbg]
;+:yfsf] k|d'vsf] gfd M
;:yf k|d'vsf] b:tvt M
;+:yf k|d'vsf] kb M
;+:yfsf] 7]ufgf M
ldlt M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

46
 cg";'rL #
-bkmf–&=# / !!=@ ;+u ;DalGwt_

pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf

:yflgo lgsfo÷;+:yfsf] gfd M ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g gDj/M
;+:yfsf] 7]ufgfM lhNnf M uf=lj=;= M j8f g+= M ufp+÷6f]nsf] gfd M
>f]t s]Gb| / sfof{no /fVg] :yfgM–
;DalGwt ks]6 If]qdf ePsf] ufO{÷e};Lsf] tYof+ÍM
e}+;L ;+Vof ufO{ ;+Vof
l;=
s[ifssf] gfd y/ 7]ufgf s}lkmot
g+= hDdf e};L hDdf ufO{
:yflgo pGgt :yflgo pGgt
;+Vof ;+Vof

;+:yfbtf{ sf] k|df0f–kq g+= / ;+:yf btf{ ug]{ sfof{nosf] gfd 7]ufgf M
;+:yfn] xfn ;Dd u/]sf pNn]vlgo sfdx? M ======================================================================
===================================================================================================================================
=========================================================================

ufO{÷e};L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifsf] vftf ;+rfng ul/g] a}+ssf] gfd / vftfjfnfx?sf] gfdM–

sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|:tfjgf M ========================================================================

=====================================================================================================
=====================================================================================================

kmfd{sf] p2]Zox?M
-s_ ============
-v_ ==============

kmfd{ nIoM
-s_ ===============
-v_ ==============

47
/sdsf] cfjZostfM
===== j6f pGgt hftsf] ufO{÷e};L nflu klxnf] jif{ vr{ x'g] z'?sf] /sd
k'Flhut vr{ ?= rfn' vr{ ?= hDdf vr{ ?= s}lkmot

kmfd{ ;DaGwL ljZn]i0fsf kl/sNkgfx? (Assumptions)

s _ k|fljlws pTkfbg kl/sNkgfx?
!= ufO{÷e};Lsf] hft M
@= pGgt ufO{÷e};Lsf] zf/Ll/s tf}n – ==========s]hL
#= k|lt ufO{÷e};L ;/b/ b}lgs b'w pTkfbg – ======= ln6/
$= d[To' b/M–
s_ afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8L – ====== k|ltzt
v_ dfpF – @ k|ltzt
%= cfxf/f -zf/Ll/s tf}nsf] @=% k|ltzt ;'Vvf kbfy{sf] lx;fj cg';f/_
s_ bfgf vr{ k|lt Jofpg] ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
v_ bfgf vr{ k|lt b'x'gf ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
u_ bfgf vr{ k|lt sf]/nL afR5L tyf ax/÷sf]/nL kf8L tyf kf8fsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ====== s]hL
3_ k/fn vr{ k|lt Jofpg] ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
ª_ k/fn vr{ k|lt b'x'gf ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
r_ k/fn vr{ k|lt sf]/nL afR5L tyf ax/÷sf]/nL kf8L tyf kf8fsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
5_ xl/of] 3fF; vr{ k|lt Jofpg] ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
h_ xl/of] 3fF; vr{ k|lt b'x'gf ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
em_ xl/of] 3fF; vr{ k|lt sf]/nL afR5L tyf ax/÷sf]/nL kf8L tyf kf8fsf] nflu k|lt lbgM– ==s]hL
`_ ldg/n ldS:r/ vr{ k|lt Jofpg] ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
h_ ldg/n ldS:r/ vr{ k|lt b'x'gf ufO{÷ e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
em_ ldg/n ldS:r/ vr{ k|lt sf]/nL afR5L tyf ax/÷sf]/nL kf8L tyf kf8fsf] nflu k|lt lbg M–
==== s]hL
^= 3fF; v]lt ug{ k|lt kz'sf] nflu cfjZos hldg M =========== sÝf÷/f]klg
&= uf]a/ dn pTkfbg M ========== 6g
*= k|lt kz'sf] nflu cfjZos uf]7sf] If]qkmn M ===== ju{ lkm6
v_ ljlQo kl/sNkgfx?
!= hUuf ef8fdf lnbf k|lt /f]klg k|lt jif{M ? ===========÷–
@= k|lt ju{ lkm6uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ – ?= =========÷–
#= k|lt pGgt ufO{÷e};L v/Lb d"No b/ – ?= =================÷–
%= cfxf/fsf] d'No M– s_ bfgf – ?= ========÷– k|lt s]hL v_ k/fn – ?= ======÷– k|lt s]hL
u_ 3fF; – ?= =======÷– k|lt s]hL
^= uf]a/ dn lalqm b/ k|lt s]hL – ?= =====÷–
&= s[lqd uef{wfg vr{ k|lt kz' – ?= ==========÷–
*= klxnf] jif{ nufgL ePsf] k"FhLut / rfn' vr{sf] C0fsf] Jofhb/ M ====== k|ltzt k|ltaif{
(= bf]>f] jif{b]lv x'g] rfn' vr{ kmfd{sf] pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 ul/g] .
!)= pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb|sf] nflu lgld{t uf]7, :6f]/ dnvftsf] cfo' ====== jif{ / d]l;g/L pks/0f,
kflg ljt/0f k|0ffnL tyf kmfd{sf] ljljw pks/0fx?sf] ======== jif{sf] cfo' x'g] x'Fbf ;f]xL cg';f/ o;
kl/of]hgfdf d'Nox|f; -Depreciation Cost_ ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .

48
!$= cf}iflw, vgLh tyf EoflS;gsf] nflu k|lt kz' ?= ==========÷– vr{ x'g] .
!%= ! hgf sfdbf/af6 ==== uf]6f kz'sf] x]/rfx ug{ ;lsg] k|lt sfdbf/ k|lt dlxgf ?= ==========÷–
!^= pGgt ufO{÷e};L b'x'gf eP kl5 lalqm ul/g] d'No k|lt b'x'gf e};L ?= =================÷–
!&= kmfd{df ;+/If0f ul/g] hDdf pGgt ufO{÷e};Lsf] ;+Vof M ======= uf]6f

s_ z'?sf] k"FhLut nufgL M

s|=;+ ljj/0f OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ ? /sd ?
1 pGgt hftsf 7'nf ufO{÷e};L vl/b ;+Vof
2 ===== uf]6f 7'nf pGgt ufO{÷e};Lsf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ ju{lkm6
3 ufO{÷e};L Jofpg] uf]7 lgdf{0f -@ uf]6f ufO{÷e};Lsf] nflu_ ju{lkm6
4 ====== uf]6f b'w vfg] ;fgf afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8Lsf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f au{lkm6
5 ====== uf]6f ;fgf sf]/nf] afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8Lsf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f ju{lkm6
====== uf]6f 7'nf sf]/nL afR5L÷kf8L÷;fF9]÷/fFufsf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f ju{lkm6
6 la/fdL kz' 3/ -@ kz'sf] nflu_ ju{lkm6
7 6«]lah lgdf{0f ;+Vof
8 dnvft lgdf{0f ;+Vof
9 bfgf tyf pks/0f :6f]/ ju{lkm6
10 clkm;, l8:k]G;/L, cflb k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ju{lkm6
11 ljB'lto Rofks6/ ;]6
16 6\o|fS6/ tyf P;];l/h ;lxt vl/b -*) xh{ kfj/_ ;]6
12
kz'n] lkpg] kflgsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL -af]l/Ë, kfO{k, wf/f, kflg 6\ofÍL,
;+Vof
kfgL tfGg] df]6/, O{gf/, cflb_
13 ljljw pks/0fsf] vr{ k|lt ufO{
hDdf k'+lhut vr{

v_ l:y/ vr{ -k|lt jif{_ M–

s| ;+ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf
!= ufO{÷e};L vl/b afx]s cGo
k'Flhut vr{sf] x|f; sl§
@ C0fsf] Jofh
# hUufsf] ef8f
$ cGo =====
u_ rfn' vr{ -k|lt jif{_ M–
s| ;+ ljj/0f b/ klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{
1 bfgf vr{ ?====÷– k|lt s]hL
2 3fF; pTkfbg vr{ ?= ===÷–k|lt s]hL
3 k/fn vr{ ?====÷– k|lt s]hL
4 8«]lGrË, EofS;Lg];g, k|lt kz'÷jif{ ?= =====÷–
cf}iflw pkrf/, cflb vr{
5 >lds vr{ ?= =========÷– k|lt dlxgf
6 ljljw vr{{ k|lt jif{ =======÷–
s'n rfn' /sd vr{

49
kl/of]hgfsf] ck]lIft jflif{s cfDbfgL M
s= ======= uf]6f b'x'gf ufO{÷e};L lalqmaf6 ?==============÷–
v= ======= uf]6f ;fF9]÷/fFufx? ljlqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
v= ======= 6g uf]a/ dn lalqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
u= cGo lalqmaf6 ?= ===================÷–
kl/of]hgf cjlwsf] ck]lIft s'n cfDbfgL -% jif{sf]_
s= ======= uf]6f b'x'gf e};L lalqmaf6 ?==============÷
v= ======= 6g uf]a/ dn lalqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
u= cGo lalqmaf6 ?= ===================÷–
cfo Joo vr{ ljj/0f
s|= ;+= cfo Joo vr{ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf]+yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf
! s'n cfo ?
@ s'n vr{ ?
# v'b gfkmf ?

kmfd{sf] pknAwLx? M

lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] tkm{ jf6

;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

50
 cg';"rL $
-bkmf–&=$ / !!=! ;+u ;DalGwt_
sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfO{g] d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x?
cfkm}n] >f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf 3fF; ljsf; u/]sf] jf
Joj;fosf] cg'ej÷ s'n
qm= cfj]bs ;+:yfsf] sfo{ of]hgf ufO{÷e};Lsf] Joj:yfkg ljsf; ul/g] hUufsf]
b=g+= 7]ufgf ;DefJotf÷pko'Qmtf tflnd k|fKtf+s s}lkmot
;+= gfd -@%_ u/L/x]sf] ;+Vof If]qkmn
-@%_ -!)_ -!))_
-!%_ -@%_

5gf}6 ;ldlt -lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bn_ sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] M

gfd y/ M kb M sfof{no÷7]ufgf b:tvt
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
(

51
 cg';'rL %
-bkmf &=%, *=@ -s_ / !!=% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;Demf}tf kqsf] gd'gf
s]Gb|Lo ufO{÷e};L k|j4{g sfof{no xl/x/ejgsf] k|fljlws g]t[Tjdf / lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ============= åf/f
;+rfng ul/g] pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd sf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf] pknAwL xfl;n ug{ lh=k=;]=sf,
=====================-o; kl5 klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / =============================pBdL÷ ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷sDkgL÷lghL
pBdL ========================================= -o; kl5 bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ lar tkl;ndf pNn]lvt zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL
pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;+rfng ug{ låkIfLo ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
11. >f]]ts]Gb|df cfj4 ;d'xsf s[ifs ;b:ox?n] clgjfo{?kdf ;d"x÷;ldltsf] ;b:o eO{ nlIft sfo{qmd cg';f/
sDtLdf klg !) ;b:o ePsf] Pp6f xjdf k|lt ;b:o sDtLdf klg !) uf]6f ufO{÷ % uf]6f e}+;L kfng ug'{kg]{ 5 .
12. bf]>f] kIfn] lg/Gt/ ?kdf sDtLdf !)) uf]6f dfp ufO{ jf %) uf]6f dfp e}+;L kfng u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 / ;f] sf]
clgjfo{ ljdf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
13. b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltdf :yfgLo jf glhssf lhNnfx?sf] dfu adf]lhd jf k|fljlws cfwf/df l;kmfl/; ePsf gZnsf
kz'sf] >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ 5 .
14. bf]>f] kIfn] x/]s jif{ cfˆgf] >f]t s]Gb|df /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{
sfo{qmd tyf ah]6x? th'{df u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
15. bf]>f] kIfaf6 k|:tfljt sfo{qmd lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 :jLs[t e} ;s] kl5 sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos
ah]6 dWo] slDtdf @% k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd bf]>f] kIfn] æpTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ljsf; sf]ifÆ
df hDdf u/] kZrft k|yd kIfn] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ &% k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd cg'bfg :j?k al9df klxnf] jif{ ?= ^
nfv, bf]>f] jif{ al9df ?= !% nfv / t]>f] jif{ al9df ?= $ nfvsf b/n] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] cfwf/df @ b]lv #
ls:tfdf /sd sf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 . bf]>f] kIfn] cg'bfg /sd ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f Pj+ vr{ eP/ ghfg]
l6sfp x'g] dfn ;fdfu|Lx?sf] nflu dfq vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
16. bf>f] kIfn] >f]t s]Gb| lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[l9s/0f ug{ C0fsf] cfjZostf dx;''; u/]df k|yd kIfn] ;f] ;DaGwL
;xhLs/0fsf] nflu ljlQo ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/fpg] 5 .
17. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6df bf]>f] kIfn] >f]t s]Gb|af6 pTkflbt afR5f afR5L tyf
kf8fkf8L / ufO{ e}+;Lsf] ljqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg{] 5 . bf]>f] kIfn] kz'x? vl/b tyf laqmL ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf klxnf]
kIfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
18. k|yd kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ c;n Joj:yfkg ljlw adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo
u/L al9df % jif{ ;Dd ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
19. bf]>f] kIfn] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg'?k sfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfq vr{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 / ;f] sf] cBfjlws k|ult
tof/ u/L x/]s dlxgf k|yd kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
20. bf]>f] kIfn] kz' kfng Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ul/g] ;Dk'0f{ sfo{x?sf] clen]v ljj/0f /fvL cBfjlws ul//xg' kg]{ 5 .
21. klxnf] kIfn] ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs gkfPdf t]flsPsf] cjlw;Dd sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg afWo
x'g] 5}g .
22. klxnf] kIfsf] sfo{qmd cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 klg bf];|f] kIfn] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ 5 .
23. bf]>f] kIfn] o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08 ljkl/t u/]sf] kfOPdf ljBdfg sfg'g adf]lhd
sfo{jfxLsf] efu]bf/L x'g' kg]{ 5 .
k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf
lh=k=;]= sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lxug]{sf] cWoIfsf]
gfd M gfd M
kbM 7]ufgfM
b:tvtM b:tvt M
ldltM ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7f 5fk
/f]xa/ /f]xa/
of]hgf zfvf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ufp+ ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no
b|i6Ao M lh=k=;]=sf n] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]lv zt{x?df yk36 ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

52
 cg';'rL ^
-bkmf–!% ;+u ;DalGwt_
cg'udgsf] 9fFrf
1. lhNnf M–
2. pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
3. :f+rfns ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
4. ;]jf ;+rfng ePsf] ;fn / dlxgf M–
5. pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| lasf; sf]if :yfkgf ePsf] ;fn / dlxgfM–
6. sf]if cfDbfgL ljj/0f M–
7. sf]if cfDbfgL ljj/0f M–
s= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 k|fKt /sd M– ?=
v= ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sd M– ?=
u= cGo ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt /sd M– ?=
3= ;]jf z'Nsaf6 /sd M– ?=
ª= a}Í vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 k|fKt Jofh /sd M– ?=
r= cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd M– ?=
s'n hDdf /sd M– ?=
8. sf]ifsf] vr{ ljj/0f M–
s= pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx?nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg u/] jfkt l;d]g vr{ ?=
v= kz'x?nfO{ 8«]lGrË tyf EoflS;g];gsf] nflu vr{ ePsf] /sd M– ?=
u= ;]jf pkef]u jfkt k|f]T;fxg vr{ /sd M– ?=
3= xfn;Ddsf] vr{ /sd M– ?=
ª= sf]ifdf afFsL df}Hbft /sd M– ?=
9. sf]ifaf6 xfn;Dd ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ hDdf s[ifs ;+Vof M–
10. sf]ifdf /sd ;xof]u ug]{ cGo ;+:yfx?sf] gfd / ;xof]u /sd M–
11. 7fpF cg';f/ uf]7sf] agfj6 a}1flgs ePsf] jf gePsf] af/] ljj]rgf M
12. sf]ifaf6 xfn;Dd ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ hDdf s[ifs ;+Vof M–
13. sf]ifdf /sd ;xof]u ug]{ cGo ;+:yfx?sf] gfd / ;xof]u /sd M–
14. cGo ;'dmfj s]xL ePM–

lg/LIf0f stf{sf] gfdM– ;]jf k|bfos jf ;+rfnssf] gfdM–

kb x:tfIf/
lg/LIf0f ldltM– ldlt

53
 cg';"rL–&
-bkmf !#=# ;+u ;DalGwt_
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fdsf] 9f+rf
===================dlxgf÷rf}dfl;s÷ci7dfl;ssf] nIo / k|ult
!= ;+:yfsf] gfd M 6]lnkmf]g ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgfM lhNnf uf=lj=;=M j8f g+=M ufp+÷6f]n M
@= cf=j= #= dlxgf #_ k|ult k|ltj]bg cjlw M cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s
======== ======== o; o; ======== ========
aflif{s aflif{s xfn;Ddsf] xfn;Ddsf]
qm=;+= sfo{qmd ljj/0f OsfO{ rf}dfl;s rf}dfl;s dlxgfsf] dlxgfsf] rf}dfl;s rf}dfl;s s}lkmot
nIo ah]6 k|ult vr{
nIo ah]6 k|ult vr{ k|ult vr{
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

ljlQo k|ult k|ltzt M ===== Ü, efl/t k|ult M ========== Ü ef}lts k|ult M ==============Ü

54
kz' k|hgg /]s8{
]
ufO{÷ ufO{÷ s[=u=÷k|f=u= u/]sf]] ldlt b'w
ufO{÷ ufO{÷ ufO{÷ ue{ ue{ /x]sf] hGd]sf]
qm= e};Lsf] e};Lsf] a]t ;fF9]÷ plN6P/ ;fF9]÷ ;fF9]÷ AofPsf] pTkfbg
e};Lsf] e};Lsf] e};Lsf] kl/If0f eP Jofpg] afR5fafR5L s}lkmot
;+= afa'sf] cfdfsf] ;+Vof klxnf] /fFuf]sf] bf]>f] /fFuf]sf] plN6P/ /fFuf]sf] ldlt k|lt lbg
6\ofu g+= hft pd]/ k6s t]>f] k6s ldlt ldlt ÷kf8f kf8L
hft hft hft k6s hft hft ls=u|f=

55
 kz' pkrf/ /]s8{sf] gd"gf -k|To]s ufO{÷e};Lsf] nflu_

kf8fsf] pd]/ tf}n k/lhaL lgoGq0f EoflS;g];g :jf:Yo ;d:of /

ldlt
6\ofu g+= -lbg_ -s]=hL_ ljj/0f ljj/0f pkrf/

cfO{k/]sf afwf c8\rgx? M

!=
@=
#=
$=
;dfwfgsf] nflu ;'emfjx?
!=
@=
#=

56
 cg';"rL * -s_
-bkmf $=% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ufO{÷e};Lx?sf] dfl;s x8{ a's gd"gf
============= >f]ts]Gb|,======================
s[ifs÷;d'x÷;+:yfsf] gfd M 7]ufgf M ;fn M–
ufO{÷e};Lsf] ;+Vof ljj/0f
o; dlxgfdf
o; dlxgfsf] z'?sf] kz' ;+Vof o; dlxgfdf d/]sf] ;+Vof o; dlxgfdf lalqm ;+Vof dlxgfsf] cGtdf afFls ;+Vof
hGd]sf] ;+Vof
dlxgfsf] gfd 7'nf demf}nf] ;fgf efn] kf]yL 7'nf demf}nf] ;fgf 7'nf demf}nf] ;fgf 7'nf demf}nf] ;fgf
efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL efn] kf]yL

k|ult tof/ ug]{sf] gfdM– ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf] k|d'vsf] gfd M

x:tfIf/ M x:tfIf/ M
kb M kb M
ldlt M ldlt M

57
 cg';"rL * -v_
-bkmf $=% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
x8{ a's gd"gf -k|To]s ufO{÷e};Lsf] nflu cnu cnu /]s8{ /fVg]_
============= >f]ts]Gb|,======================

s[ifs÷;d'x÷;+:yfsf] gfd M 7]ufgf M

kz'sf] gfd jf ;+s]t M hft M 6\ofu gDa/ M
hGd ldlt

dfpmsf] ;+s]t / rfl/lqs ljj/0f M

afpsf] ;+s]t / rfl/lqs ljj/0f M

pd]/ tf}n
ldlt k/lhaL lgoGq0f ljj/0f EoflS;g];g ljj/0f :jf:Yo ;d:of / pkrf/
-lbg_ -s]=hL_

ayfgaf6 x6]sf] ldlt ======================== sf/0f d[To' ePsf] - _

olb d[To" ePsf] eP sf/0f /f]u nfu]/ - _
lals| u/]sf] - _
b'3{6gf jf h+unL hgfj/sf] cfqmd0faf6 - _

58
 cg';"rL (
-bkmf–!^ ;+u ;DalGwt_
sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;DjGwdf ljleGg lgsfosf] e"ldsf tyf bfloTj
!= sfo{qmd ;+rfns ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfM
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg'?k sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. afx|} dlxgf df]6/ hfg] / kfos kg]{ 7fFpdf pGgt kz'kfng >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ tyf
pknAw u/fOPsf] gfk, gSzf, / l8hfOg cg';f/ uf]7 lgdf{0f ug]{ . ;fy} cfjZostf
cg';f/ cGo ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf k'af{wf/ ljsf; / cf}hf/, ;fdfu|L, cf}iflw cflb
Aoj:yfkg ug]{ .
3. sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ug]{ ;xsfo{sf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L k|:tfasf] ?kdf lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z ug]{ .
4. pGgt ufO÷e};L >f]t s]Gb|sf] ;fOgaf]8{ ;j}n] b]Vg] u/L /fVg] .
5. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u :fdGjo u/L pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifsf]
:Yffkgf ug]{ / ;f] sf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg ljleGg lgsfo;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
6. cfˆgf] Onfsfsf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|;+u lgoldt :fDks{ Pj+ ;dGjodf /xg] .
7. clgjfo{ ?kdf ufO{÷e}:fLsf] x8{ /]s8{, k]8Lu|L /]s8{, k|hgg /]s8{, EoflS;g];g /]s8{,
:jf:Yo /]s8{, kz' vl/b laqmLsf] /]s8{sf] clen]v Jojl:yt u/L /fVg] / ;f] sf] ljj/0f
;d]t k|ultdf ;dfa]z ug]{ .
8. dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|ult ljj/0f el/ ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|
dfkm{t lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .

@= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb|M

1. cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] dftxtdf /x]sf >f]ts]Gbsf] cg'udg u/L cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf
pknAw u/fpg] .
2. sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ s'g} lsl;dsf] ;d:of ePdf jf s'g} ;Nnfx ;'emfj eP lHfNnf
kz'' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ ;dod} hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
3. >f]ts]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;xefuL eO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ :yfgLo
:t/df ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;DjGw :yflkt ug]{ .
4. >f]ts]Gb|x?jf6 dfl;s k|ult ;+sng u/L k|To]s dlxgfsf] d;fGt eGbf % lbg klxn]
k|fKt x'g] u/L ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .

59
#= lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noM
1. >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt If]qsf] k|f/lDes tYofÍ ;+Íng tyf ljj/0f
tof/ ug]{ .
2. >f]t s]Gb| ;+rfngsf] nflu ;fem]bf/ lgsfox?af6 k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ / 5gf}6sf] nflu
kz' ljsf; sfo{bndf k]z ug]{ .
3. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 5gf}6 ePsf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;+u >f]t s]Gb|
;+rfng ug{ cg';'rL–% cg';f/ ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
4. ;fem]bf/ ug]{ ;+:yf;+u ;dGjo u/L pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
u/fpg] .
5. >f]t s]Gb|sf kz'kfns s[ifsx?sf] nflu Ifdtf clea[l4sf sfo{qmd, tflnd, uf]i7L
;+rfng ug]{ .
6. >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf sDtLdf Ps k6s :ynut cg'udg lgl/If0f ul/
k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ tyf ;do ;dodf s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'dmfj lbg] .
7. lhNnf kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn u/L >f]t s]Gb|df kflnPsf kz'x?sf]
:yflgo rng rNtLsf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df d"Nosf] bfo/f lgwf{/0f u/L >f]t s]Gb|df nfu'
u/fpg] tyf qm]tf / laqm]tf larsf] ;Dks{ u/fpg d2t ug]{ .
8. lhNnf leq /x]sf Aofa;flos ufO{ e}+;L kfng ug]{ kmfd{x?sf] clgafo{ btf{ u/L
k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ 5 / ;f] k|df0fkq ;DalGwt kmfd{x?n] :ki6 b]lvg] u/L
e'm08ofP/ /fVg' kg]{ 5 .
1. :yfgLo ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 pGgt ufO{÷e};Lsf] k|j4{g af/] hgr]tgfd'ns k|rf/
k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ;a} s]Gb|x?sf] leGbf lEfGb} tyf Psd'i7 k|ult ;+of]u ul/ k|To]s
dlxgfsf] d;fGt eGbf ! lbg klxn] ;DjlGwt If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno tyf s]lGb|o
ufO{÷e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g] u/L clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s tyf
jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .

$= s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{noM

1. >f]t s]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ .
2. ;DalGwt s]Gb|x?df PsLs[t uf]7 Joj:yfkg, gZn ;'wf/, kz' cfxf/f tyf 3fF;
ljsf;, kz' :jf:Yo cflb sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ubf{ ;DalGwt sfof{nox?, ;fem]bf/
;+:yf tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .
3. >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf tT;DaGwL ;+rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx?df k|ToIf ?kn] ;xefuL eO{
;fem]bf/ ;+:yf tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?l;t ;dGjo ug]{ .

60
 4. >f]t s]Gb|sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu cfjZos tflnd ;+rfng ug{ u/fpg ;DalGwt
lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ug]{ .
5. pGgt kz' kfng ;DaGwL cfjZos k|rf/ ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L ljt/0f ug]{ .
6. cfjZostf cg';f/ lHfNnfx?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] .
7. ck]lIft pknlAw k|flKtsf nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no tyf >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt
cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] sf] k|lta]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg].
8. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;+sng u/L k|To]s dlxgfsf]
d;fGt leq kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

%= /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|M

1. >f]ts]Gb|df /x]sf kz'x?sf] a|L8LË Eofn' Ol:6d]6 ug{ tyf k|hgg ljs[[ltx?sf] klxrfg
u/L ;dod} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] s[ofsnfk ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. k|hgg ;DaGwL cg'udg lgl/If0f u/L k|flalws k[i7kf]if0f tyf cg'jf+lzs ;'wf/sf
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .

^= /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| M

1. >f]t s]Gb|x?nfO{ 3fF;]afnLdf cfwfl/t pTkfbg nfut sd x'g] k|ljlwx?sf] cjnDagsf]
nflu cfjZos ;]jf tyf ;'emfj lbg] .
2. pGgt ufO{÷e}+;L >f]ts]Gb|x?df kz'hGo kbfy{sf] nfe nfutsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tyf k|lt
o'lg6 nfut Go'gLs/0f ug{ laleGg cfw'lgs k|lalwaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
3. kz' cfxf/f ;DaGwL s[ofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f / ;dGjo u/L k|flalws
k[i7kf]if0f tyf ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .

&= If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?M

1. sfo{qmd ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f / lgoldt
k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] .
2. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt k|ult k|ltj]bgx? Plss[t u/L ;DalGwt
lgsfodf tf]lsPsf] ;dol;df leq k7fpg] .

*= kz'k+IfL ahf/ k|a4{g lgb]{zgfnoM

1. g]kfndf cjl:yt lhpbf] kz' ahf/ ljsf; tyf To;sf jl/kl/ /x]sf >f]ts]Gb|df
pGGft kz'x?sf] clen]v /fvL tyf laqmL lat/0fsf] Joj:yf Pa+ ahf/ ;a]{If0fdf
;xof]u ug]{ .

61
(= kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno tyf cGt/utsf sfof{nox?
1. >f]t s]Gb|df /x]sf pGgt kz'x?sf] :jf:Yo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu sfo{of]hgfsf] cfwf/df
sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] cGtu{tsf If]qLo kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnfx?nfO{
;DalGwt sfo{qmd;Fu ;dGjo u/fpg] .

!)= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnoM

1. sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ljwL tof/ u/L l:js[t u/fpg] / ;DjlGwt sfof{nox?nfO{ sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjogsf] clVtof/L k7fpg] .
2. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt lgb]{zgfno, ljefu, d+qfno / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
3. ;Grflnt sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/fpg] tyf
ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fKt lgl/If0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?nfO{ ;do d}
;'wf/sf] nflu k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s tYofÍx? cWofjlws u/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{
u/fpg] .
5. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f Plss[t ul/ x/]s dlxgfsf] !
ut] leq kz' ;]jf ljefudf k'Ug] u/L k7fpg] .

!!= kz' ;]jf laefu

1. kz' >f]t s]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdx? th'{df tyf ah]6 lalgof]hg tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
2. sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg ug]{ 5 .
3. sfo{lawL :jLs[lt, ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{g Pj+ cfaZostf cg';f/ cGo lgsfo l;t
;dGjo ug]{ 5 .
4. pGgt ufO{÷e};L >f]t s]Gb| lasf; sfo{qmnfO{ s]lGb|o ?kdf ;+of]hg, ;dGjo tyf
;+rfng ug{ kz' ;]jf laefusf dxflgb]{zsHo'sf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] s]lGb|o s]Gb|Lo kz'
>f]t s]Gb| ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ g} kl/rfng ul/g] 5 .

62
 cg';'rL !) -s_
-bkmf– !!=!! ;+u ;DalGwt_
uf]7sf] gfk gSzf tyf gd'gf
uf]7df k|lt ufO{ e}:fL rflxg] :yfg -a=kmL=_
Kfz'sf] lsl;d If]qkmn -ju{kmL6_ bfgf vfg] 8'8
5f]lkPsf] If]q V"fNnf If]q -OGr_
ufO{ @) — #) *) — !)) @) — @$
Ef};L @% — #% *) — !)) @$ —#)
sf]/nL÷ax/ !% — @) %) — ^) !%— @)
Aofpg] ufO{÷e};L !)) — !@) !*) — @)) @$— #)
/fFuf]÷;fF9] !@) —!$) @)) — @%) @$ — #)
Gff]6M ;dfGtof k|lt ufO{ uf]7 leq nDjfO{ / rf}8fO{ qmdzM !=&—!=( dL= / !=@—!=% dL= tyf
e};Lsf] nflu nDafO{ @=@% dL= / rf}8fO{ !=@% dL= x'g'kb{5 . bfgf / kfgLsf] 8'F8 kvf{nl;t hf]8]/
;dfgfGt/ x'g]u/L agfpg' kb{5 . uf]7sf] s'n nDjfO{ / rf}8fO{ a:t'sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f
ug{'kb{5 . uf]7sf] df]x8f kxf8L e]udf blIf0f klZrd tyf t/fO{ e]udf pQ/L df]x8f x'g'kb{5 .

63
 cg';'rL !) -v_
-bkmf– !!=!! ;+u ;DalGwt_
6«]leh lgdf{0fsf dfkb08x?
1. 6«]leh lgdf{0f ug{ 7fpFsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ aif}{ e/L df]6/ hfg ;Sg], ;a}nfO{ kfos kg]{ /
kfgL ghDg] x'g' kb{5 .
2. e"O{sf] ;tx clgjfo{ ?kdf s+s[6 9nfg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
3. 6«]lehsf] vDjf (Pillers) sDtLdf @ OGr df]6f] ufNoefO{gfO{8 kfO{k (GI Pipe)
sf] x'g' kb{5 .
4. 6«]lehsf] cuf8Lsf] vDjfsf] prfO{ @ dL6/, nDafO{ # dL6/ / k5f8Lsf] vDjfsf]
prfO{ ! dL6/ Pj+ b'O{ j6f ;dfgfGt/ vDjfsf] rf}8fO{ ! dL6/ ;Ddsf] x'g' kb{5 .
5. 6«]lehsf] cuf8L / k5f8Lsf] vDjfsf] aLrdf sDtLdf ! yk vDaf lgdf{0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
6. 6«]lehsf] vDjf sDtLdf ! lkm6 e'O{ tn uf8\g' kg]{ x'G5 / tNnf] vDaf eGbf k5f8L
sDtLdf ! dL6/ 9nfg u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

64
 cg';'rL !!
-bkmf – !!=& ;+u ;DalGwt_

ufO{ e}+;Lsf] k|fljlws ;"rs

>f]]t s]Gb|sf nflu afR5L, kf8L 5gf}6 ubf{ afR5Lsf dfpFx?sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf b]xfosf ;'rsfÍsf]
cfwf/df 5gf}+6 ug'{ kb{5 .
kz'x?sf] pTkfbg ;"rsfÍ ljj/0f ufO{ e};L
dfpFsf] jflif{s b'w pTkfbg -ln6/_ #))) ln6/ !%)) ln6/
k|lt a]t b'w lbg] lbg @)) – #)) lbg !%) – @)) lbg
klxnf] k6s afnL hfg] pd]/ -dlxgf_ !% – !* dlxgf #) – $@ dlxgf
klxnf] k6s Jofpg] pd]/ -dlxgf_ @$ – @& dlxgf al9df $* dlxgf
Jofpg] cGt/fn -dlxgf_ !@ – !% dlxgf al9df !* dlxgf

65
 kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, df= dGqL:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷(÷!! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

k[i7e'dL
g]kfndf b'w tyf df;'sf] a9\bf] dfunfO{ ;fk]lIfs ?kdf k'lt{ ug{ kz'kfng If]qdf
Aoj;foLs/0f u/L kz'hGo pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a[l4 ug{ kz' gZn ;'wf/sf ;fy;fy} kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; u/L lj:t[t ?kdf ;fj{hlgs÷lglh÷;xsf/L÷;fem]bf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 /fli6«o cleofgsf]
?kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cf=a= @)&)÷&! sf] jh]6 aQmJo dfkm{t
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd -km/]h ld;g_ ;+rfng ug{ o;
lgb]{lzsf @)&) hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
-s_ of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd “kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)”
/xg]5 .
-v_ of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t eP kl5 k|f/De x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf

-s_ “lgb]{lzsf” eGgfn] kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ “sfo{qmd” eGgfn] kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ “;]jf” eGgfn] 3f; ljsf; tyf kz' cfxf/f ;'wf/ ;DaGwL ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ “;ldlt” eGgfn] bkmf * adf]lhd ul7t s]lGb|o kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldlt ;Demg'
k5{ .
-ª_ “s]Gb|” eGgfn] ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ “x]” eGgfn] km'n km'Ng] a]nfsf] 3f;nfO{ sf6L a}1flgs tl/sfn] ;'sfO{ kf}li6stf ePsf] tyf
lr:ofg !% k|ltzt eGbf sd /xg] u/L agfO{Psf] 3f;nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ “;fO{n]h” eGgfn] xl/of] 3f;nfO{ sl/j !-@ lbg 5fofdf ;'sfO{ #)-#% k|ltzt lr:ofg
ePkl5 xfjf/lxt lk6÷6]«Gr÷6fj/df vfbL tof/ ul/Psf] u'Gb|'snfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ “ldg/n Ans” eGgfn] o'l/of, ux'+÷ds}sf] rf]s/, e6df;sf] lkgf, df]nf;];, le6fldg /
vlgh tTjx?sf] ;Gt'lnt ;ld>0faf6 tof/ ul/Psf] AnsnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ “6f]6n ldS; /f;g” eGgfn] s[lif pkkbfy{, cGg, df]nf;];, le6fldg / vlgh tTjx?nfO{
ld;fO{ lkm8 Ans sf] ?kdf tof/ ul/g] ;Gt'lnt kz' cfxf/f nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

66
#= p2]Zo M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf 5g .
-s_ u'0ffTds kz' cfxf/fsf] cfk'lt{ u/L b'w tyf df;'sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a[l¢ ug]{ .
-v_ kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] pTkfbg nfut 36fO{ :jb]zL pTkfbgnfO{ /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df
k|lt:kwL{ agfpg] .
-u_ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lglh If]qsf 3f;]afnL tyf aLp pTkfbs Aoj;foLs
s[ifs÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷ ;xsf/L, ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|, /fO{hf]ljod tyf aLp
ljhg k|of]uzfnf, r/g tyf 3f;]jfnL aLp a[l4 kmfd{x? tyf /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f
s]Gb|sf] Ifdtf clea[l4, >f]t s]Gb| ;'b[9Ls/0f / lbuf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{] .

$= ck]lIft k|ltkmn M
$%))) x]S6/ If]qkmndf pGgt 3+f; v]tL u/L kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6o sfo{qmd cGtu{t
pTkflbt pGgt kz'x?sf] nflu cfjZos cfxf/f k'lt{ ug]{ .

kl/R5]b @
sfo{qmd ;DaGwL
%= sfo{qmdsf] cjlw M
-s_ o; sfo{qmdsf] cjlw % jif{ -cf=a= @)&)÷&! b]lv )&$÷&% ;Dd_ sf] x'g] 5 .
-v_ klxnf] % jif{sf] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/df ;]jf cjlw lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
^= sfo{qmd nfu" x'g] :yfg M
-s_ klxnf], bf]>f] / t]>f] r/0f u/L % jif{sf] cjlwdf kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd
nfu" ePsf lhNnfx?df -cg';'lr ! adf]lhd_ of] sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g] 5 .
-v_ pkbkmf -s_ adf]lhd k|To]s lhNnfdf :yflkt ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos
kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|sf] ?kdf :yflkt u/L o; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
-u_ /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|, ;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sj'lnotL jg tyf
kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 :yfkgf ul/Psf ;fd'bflos 3f; >f]t s]Gb||x?nfO{ o; sfo{qmddf
;dfa]z ul/g] 5 .
-3_ gofF ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ubf{ ;DjlGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|sf]
;+nUgtfdf pQm If]qdf /x]sf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf, 3f; ljsf; ;d'x÷;ldlt,
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;ldtL, s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo
lgsfo, s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldtLsf] ;xsfo{df :yfkgf u/L ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

&= lhNnf 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? M bkmf ^ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lhNnfsf] 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g] 5 .
-s_ b'wfn' :yfgLo tyf pGgt hftsf kz' gZnsf ufO{ e};Lx? kof{Kt ;+Vofdf /x]sf, ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x? vf; u/L jf6f] ljh'nLsf] ;'ljwf k'u]sf, b'w pTkfbg ks]6 If]q, 3f;]afnLsf]
Aoj;foLs aLp÷a]gf{ pTkfbg If]q lgwf{/0f ePsf / b'w pTkfbg a[l4 ug]{ k|r'/ ;Defjgf
/x]sf, 3f;]afnL pTkfbg ug]{ ;Defljt If]q tyf kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd
;+rfng ePsf lhNnfx? o; sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .

67
 kl/R5]b #
;ldlt u7g tyf ;~rfng
*= s]lGb|o kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldlt M
-s_ sfo{qmdsf] gLltut Pj+ sfof{Gjog Joj:yfkg ug{ b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] kbflwsf/L /x]sf] s]lGb|o
kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldlt /xg] 5 M
1) ;+of]hs –dxflgb]{zs, kz' ;]jf ljefu
2) ;x-;+of]hs –sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
3) ;b:o –k|ltlglw, cg'udg dxfzfvf, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
4) ;b:o –k|ltlglw, of]hgf zfvf, kz' ;]jf ljefu
5) ;b:o –k|ltlglw, cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg zfvf, kz' ;]jf ljefu
6) ;b:o –k|d'v, s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e};L k|a¢{g sfof{no
7) ;b:o –k|d'v, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb, kz' cfxf/f dxfzfvf
8) ;b:o –k|d'v, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb, r/g tyf 3f;]afnL dxfzfvf
9) ;b:o –nfOei6s ljz]if1, /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{
10) ;b:o –k|d'v k|fljlws clws[t, b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg
11) ;b:o –cWoIf, s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3
12) ;b:o –cWoIf, g]kfn 8]/L P;f]l;Pzg
13) ;b:o ;lrj –k|d'v, /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|

-v_ pkbkmf -s_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g] 5 .

-u_ pkbkmf -v_ jdf]lhd ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;DalGwt lj1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

(= s]lGb|o kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g] 5 M
-s_ gLlt lgdf{0f, sfo{ljlw th{'df tyf sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-v_ ljleGg s]Gb|Lo lgsfox? aLr ;dGjo u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{ .
-u_ sfo{qmdsf] cfjlws ?kdf cg'udg tyf ;dLIff ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f lbg].
-3_ sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos cGo sfd ug]{, u/fpg] .

!)= lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldlt M

-s_ lhNnf:t/df sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo
;ldlt /xg]5 M
1) ;+of]hs –k|d'v, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
2) ;b:o –k|ltlglw, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
3) ;b:o –cWoIf, lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3
4) ;b:o –k|ltlglw, lghL 8]/L P;f]l;Pzg
5) ;b:o –s[ifs k|ltlglw, 3f; ljsf; >f]t s]Gb|
6) ;b:o –cfjZostf cg';f/ cfdlGqt
7) ;b:o ;lrj –;DalGwt k|fljlws, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
-v_ pkbkmf -s_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g] 5 .
-u_ pkbkmf -v_ jdf]lhd ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;DalGwt lj1, r/g tyf 3f;]afnL aLp a[l4 kmfd{
k|d'v jf k|ltlglw, /fO{hf]ljod tyf aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf jf If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnfsf]
k|ltlglwnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

68
!!= lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g] 5 M
-s_ pko'Qm ;xsfo{ ;+:yf 5gf}6 u/L ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ .
-v_ aLp a]gf{ vl/b ljt/0f o; ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / lh=k=;]=sf=sf] ;dGjoaf6 ug]{ u/fpg] .
-u_ aLp vl/b k'j{ aLpsf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwLt k|of]uzfnfaf6 hfr u/]/ dfq vl/b ljt/0f ug]{.
-3_ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?;+u cg';'rL % jdf]lhd
;Demf}tf ug]{ .
-ª_ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|÷s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L dfkm{t slt If]qkmndf
3f; ljsf; ug]{ ;f] lg0f{o u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ aLp÷lj?jf÷;]6\; pknAw u/fpg] .
-r_ Go"gtd Criteria k'/f ug]{ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|÷s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷
;xsf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt pTkfbg ;fdu|L÷pks/0fx? pknAw u/fp+bf o; ;dGjo
;ldltsf] lg0f{o u/fP/ dfq pknAw u/fpg] . o;sf] nflu 3f; ljsf; ;DefAotf, 3f;
tyf aLp pTkfbgdf s[ifsx?sf] cu|;/tf, ;+nUgtf, Aoj;foLskg / kz' gZn ;'wf/
/fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf cfwf/nfO{ dWogh/ u/L 5gf}6 u/L
ljt/0f÷;xsfo{ ug]{ .
-5_ lhNnfdf :yflkt ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|x?sf] :ynut cg'udg -cg';'lr &
adf]lhd_ ug]{ .
-h_ :yfgLo lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo u/L ;fd'bflos 3f;]afnL aLp sf]ifdf cfly{s ;xof]u
h'6fpg kxn ug]{ .
-em_ 3f;]afnL aLp÷a]gf{ pTkfbg ug]{ ks]6 If]qx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg] .
-`_ xl/of] 3f; tyf aLp pTkfbg ljz]if If]q h:t} ;fd'bflos ag, sj'lnotL jg, cGo
pkef]Qmf s[ifs÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .
-6_ sfo{ k|ultsf] rf}dfl;s ;dLIff u/L ;'wf/ ug]{ .

kl/R5]b $
;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL
!@= ;]jf ;~rfng k|s[of M
-s_ o; sfo{qmd adf]lhdsf] ;]jf ;~rfng k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5 .
!_ :yfgLo ufO{, e};Lsf] jfx'Notf ePsf] uf=lj=;=x?nfO{ ks]6 If]qsf] ?kdf 5gf}6 ug]{ .
@_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ;+u ;DalGwt sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ OR5's :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yf, b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ag pkef]Stf ;d'x, b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb|x?,
3f; ljsf; >f]t s]Gb|, kz'kfng ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] 5gf}6 u/L :yfkgf ul/Psf]
;fd'bflos kz' gZn ;'wf/ s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt nfO{ g} ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt -bkmf !# u adf]lhd_ sf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .
#_ pkbkmf -@_ jdf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf lgsfo;+u cfjZos ;Demf}tf u/L ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ .
$_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3f; cfk'lt{sf sfo{qmd, x] tyf ;fO{n]h
agfpg] sfo{qmd, s[lif pkkbfy{sf] pkof]u, o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n Ans tof/ ug]{
sfo{qmd tyf 3f;sf >f]t s]Gb| ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
%_ kmfd{sf] afXo If]qdf 3f;]afnL aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmd s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt ;+u sG6«ofS6
kmfld{ªsf] nflu ;Demf}tf u/]/ ;+rfng ug]{ .
-v_ ;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo k|s[of cg';'rL # df tf]lsP jdf]lhd x'g] 5 .

69
!#= kz' cfxf/f ljsf; sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/g] M
-s_ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|x?sf] lbuf] ;+rfngsf] nflu k|To]s s]Gb|df :yflkt
“;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if” jf 3f; ljsf; >f]t s]Gb|sf] sf]if jf kz'kfng
;d'x÷;ldltsf] sf]if jf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo pko'Qm sf]if dfkm{t g} kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
-v_ pkbkmf -s_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] /sd hDdf x'g] 5 .
1. g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd .
2. ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
3. b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf÷jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3
;+:yfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
4. :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL, ;/sf/L tyf u}x| ;/sf/L bft[ lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
5. ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;ldltsf ;b:ox?÷pkef]Qmf÷s[ifs÷;d'x÷
;ldltaf6 ;+sng x'g ;Sg] /sd .
6. sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 cfDbfgL ePsf] Aofh /sd .
7. sf]ifsf] nflu cGo ;Defljt >f]tx?af6 k|fKt /sd .
-u_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] afx]s :yfgdf o; cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t kz'
cfxf/f ljsf;sf] nflu ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg]5.
o;/L ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ubf{ 3f; ljsf; ks]6 If]q, 3f; ljsf;sf]
nflu ;+efljt If]q, ;fd'bflos jg, sj'lnotL jg, ;fj{hlgs hUuf pknAw x'g] If]q, gLhL
hUufdf 3f; ljsf; ;Defljt If]qnfO{ ;d]l6 To; If]qdf k'j{ :yflkt ;DalGwt s[ifs
;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L :yflkt
;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|n] 5'6\6} ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf u/L
;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-3_ :yflgo :t/df ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ tyf bkmf !#-s_ / !#-u_ adf]lhdsf] sf]if kl/rfng ug{
b]xfo cg';f/sf] ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt /xg] 5 .
1) cWoIf, ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf ;+of]hs
2) ;lrj, ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf ;b:o
3) sf]iffWoIf, ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf ;b:o
4) k|ltlgwL, :yflgo lgsfo ;b:o
5) k|d'v, ;+jlGwt kz' ;]jf÷pks]Gb| ;b:o
6) k|ltlglw, s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L ;b:o
7) s[lqd uef{wfg stf{÷;DalGwt k|fljlws ;b:o ;lrj
cfjZostf cg';f/ cfdlGqt ;b:o /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-ª_ pkbkmf -3_ adf]lhd ul7t ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf] sfd,
st{Jo tyf clwsf/M
1) ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;Grfng ug{ cg';"rL % adf]lhd ;Demf}tf
ug]{ .
2) ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug]{ .
3) :yfgLo lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo u/L pQm sf]ifdf cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn
ug]{ .
4) ;+rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmdsf] ;Dk"0f{ clen]v Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

70
 5) k|fljlwssf] kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
6) sfo{ k|ult lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
7) lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|, pks]Gb|÷;DjlGwt lgsfon] tf]s]sf]
cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
!$= kz' cfxf/f ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifsf] ;~rfng M
bkmf !# adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifsf] ;+rfng b]xfo cg';f/ ul/g]5 .
-s_ bkmf !# adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf hDdf x'g cfPsf] /sd glhssf] a}+sdf ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos kz'
cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt ;+rfng ug]{ lgsfosf cWoIf jf ;lrj jf sf]iffWoIf
dWo] s'g} b'O{ hgfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 ;+rfng x'g] sf]ifsf] art vftf vf]nL hDdf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-v_ sf]ifsf] /sd ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b]xfosf] k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ ul/g]5 .
1. kz'kfngsf] nflu s[ifsx?nfO{ kz' cfxf/f ;DaGwL k|fljlws 1fg k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf
k|bfosnfO{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ ;]jf z'Ns .
2. 3f;sf] aLp pTkfbg ePkl5 ljqmL x'g] ;do;Ddsf] nflu vl/b ug]{ / ljqmL kl5 k'gM
sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ sfo{ ug{ .
3. >f]t d'n aLp vl/b ug{sf] nflu .

!%= sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0f M o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ePsf] sf]ifsf] n]vf
kl/If0f k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd ul/g]5 .
!^= ;]jf z'Ns gnfUg] M o; lgb]{lzsfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf
lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ ;]jf k|bfosn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;]jf z'Ns lng kfpg] 5}g .
!&= cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg M sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pj+ k|efjsfl/tfsf] af/]df lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{no, If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno, /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|÷r/g tyf
3f;]afnL aLp a[l4 kmfd{x?, /fO{hf]ljod tyf aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf / kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfno ;d]tn] cfk;L ;dGjo u/L cfjlws ?kdf ;]jf ;~rfngsf] cg'udg u/L ;f] sf]
k|ltj]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno / kz' ;]jf ljefudf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
!*= sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] e'ldsf M sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] qmddf ;+nUg ljleGg
lgsfox?sf] e'ldsf tyf bfloTj cg';'rL @ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 / To:tf] bfloTj k'/f ug'{
;DalGwt ;j}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!(= tflnd tyf uf]i7Lsf] ;~rfng M :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ s]lGb|o, lhNnf / ufp+ jf
gu/ :t/Lo tflnd tyf uf]i7Ldf k]z x'g] sfo{kq, ef}lts ;fdfu|L, cGo cfjZos k|of]hgsf]
nflu jh]6 Aoj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[t dfkb08 -gd{;\_ jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
@)= lgb]{lzsfsf] AofVof M sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf o; lgb]{lzsfsf] s'g} k|fjwfgn] s'g}
jfwf c8rg cfPdf jf lgb]{lzsfn] :ki6 ?kdf Joj:yf gu/]df To;sf] AofVof ug]{ tyf :ki6
ug]{ clwsf/ s]lGb|o ;dGjo ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 .
@!= cg';'lrsf] Joj:yf tyf ;+zf]wg M o; lgb]{lzsfnfO{ :ki6 ?kdf AofVof ug{sf] nflu
cg';'lrx?sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ cg';'lrx?sf] x]/km]/ tyf ;+;f]wg s]lGb|o
;dGjo ;ldltn] ug]{5 .

71
 cg';'lr !
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] lhNnfx?

!= k|yd r/0f -cf=j= @)&)÷)&!_ -@% lhNnf_

k"jf{~rn–emfkf, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf .
dWodf~rn– wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, af/f, dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, g'jfsf]6, sf7df08f}, sfe]|,
/fd]5fk
klZrdf~rn– gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, slkna:t', tgx"F, sf:sL .
dWoklZrdf~rn– afFs], alb{of, bfË .
;'b'/klZrdf~rn– s}nfnL, s+rgk'/ .

@= bf];|f] r/0f -cf=j= @)&!÷)&@_ -!) lhNnf_

k"jf{~rn – Onfd .
dWodf~rn– wflbË, /f}tx6, l;Gw'nL, k;f{, nlntk'/, eQmk'/ .
klZrdf~rn –kfNkf, afun'Ë .
dWoklZrdf~rn– ;'v]{t .

#= t];f|] r/0f -cf=j= @)&@÷)&#_ -% lhNnf_

k'jf{~rn– wgs'6f, pbok'/ .
klZrdf~rn– :ofËhf, c3f{vfFrL, uf]/vf .

72
 cg';'lr @
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DaGwdf ljleGg lgsfosf] e'ldsf / bfloTj
!= sfo{qmd ;+rfns ;xsfo{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L M
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u ePsf] ;Ddmf}tf cg'?k sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. oftfoft ;'lawf ePsf] jf glhs} tyf kfos kg]{ 7fFpdf ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ .
3. ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb||sf] ;fOgaf]8{ ;j}n] b]Vg] u/L /fVg] .
4. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|df sfo{/t k|fljlws÷h]=6L=÷h]=6L=P= nfO{ g} kz' cfxf/f
pTkfbg Pj+ ljsf; ;DaGwL yk lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ug]{ .
5. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if jf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo sf]if dfkm{t g} kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ .
6. cfˆgf] Onfsfsf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|;+u lgoldt :fDks{ Pj+ ;dGjodf /xg] .
7. :yfgLo hftsf 3f;x? ;+/If0f ;+a4{g ug{ / pGgt hftsf 3f; nufpg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
8. ;DefAo If]qdf a[xt 3f; ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{sf] nflUf Kofs]hsf] ?kdf
cled'vLs/0f, :ynut tfnLd, aLpdn, l;+rfO{, ahf/Aoj:yf ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug]{ .
9. dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|ult ljj/0f el/ -;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|
dfkm{t jf k|fljlwsn] cfkm}_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .

@= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/L M

1. cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] dftxtdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| tyf lghL 3f;sf]
>f]t s]Gb|x?nfO{ lgoldt lgl/If0f, cg'udg tyf cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fpg].
2. kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ s'g} lsl;dsf] cK7\of/f] cfOk/]
jf s'g} ;Nnfx ;'dmfj eP lHfNnf kz'' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ ;dod} vj/ ug]{ .
3. afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3f; pTkfbg, x] ;fO{n]h / / o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n Ans tof/ ug]{
af/] :yfgLo :t/df ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ pTk|]/0ff k|bfg u/L sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u
ug]{ .
4. ;fd'bflos tyf lglh kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|x?jf6 dfl;s k|ult ;+sng u/L
lh=k=;]=sf=df dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .

#= lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/L M

1. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf eO{ kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd
;+rflnt If]qx?df pQm s]Gb|nfO{ cfjZos k/]df k'gu{7g u/L ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ;d]t sfo{ ug{ lhDd]af/L lbg] .
2. ;xsfo{sf] nflu 5flgPsf ;+:yfsf] ljj/0fx? -cg';'rL $ cg';f/_ tof/ ug]{ / ;fd'bflos
kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu -cg';'lr % cg';f/_ ;Demf}tf ug]{ .

73
 3. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ aLp÷a]gf{÷:nLk sf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGwt aLp ljhg
k|of]uzfnfaf6 hf+r u/fP/ dfq vl/b ljt/0f sfo{ ug]{ u/fpg] .
4. lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o eP adf]lhd ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; s]Gb|÷s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L dfkm{t 3f; ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{] .
5. lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ Go"gtd Criteria k'/f ug]{
;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|÷s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt pTkfbg
;fdu|L÷pks/0fx? pknAw u/fpg] . o;sf] nflu 3f; ljsf; ;DefAotf, 3f; tyf aLp
pTkfbgdf s[ifsx?sf] cu|;/tf, ;+nUgtf, Aoj;foLskg / kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o
cleofg sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf cfwf/nfO{ dWogh/ u/L 5gf}6 u/L ljt/0f÷;xsfo{ ug]{ .
6. Rofkms6/, x] tyf ;fO{n]h agfpg] ;fdu|L, l;8 ljg, o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n Ans
agfpg] ;fdu|L, l;lnª d]l;g, aLp ;kmf ug]{ pks/0f, l/sl8{Ë kmf/d, /lhi6/ ;DjlGwt
s]Gb|x?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
7. 3f;]afnL tyf aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmdnfO{ lhNnfdf ;+rflnt kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o
cleofg sfo{qmd ;+u ;dGjo u/L n}hfg] .
8. 3f;]afnL pTkfbs >f]t s[ifs÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf cfjZostf cg';f/ Aoj;foLs
aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
9. afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3f; cfk'lt{sf sfo{qmd, x] tyf ;fO{n]h agfpg] sfo{qmd, o'l/of
df]nf;]; ldg/n Ans tof/ ug]{ sfo{qmd tyf 3f;sf >f]t s]Gb| ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
10. ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|x?sf] k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf ! k6s clgjfo{ :ynut
cg'udg lgl/If0f ul/ k|lta]bg k]z ug]{ tyf ;do ;dodf pQm s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfjZos
;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] .
11. :yfgLo ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 kz' cfxf/f ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd'ns k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng ug]{ .
12. lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ;a} kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|x?sf] leGbf lEfGb} tyf Psd'i7 k|ult
;+of]u ul/ ;DalGwt dlxgfsf] ! ut] leq clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s, aflif{s k|ult
k|lta]bg /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| tyf ;DjlGwt If]=k=;]=lg=df k7fpg] .

$= r/g tyf aLp a[l4 kmfd{x?sf] lhDd]jf/L M

1. /fli6«o r/g tyf kz cfxf/f s]Gb« / g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb;+u ;dGjo u/L cGo
d'n'saf6 k|hgg÷d'n aLp dufpg], To;af6 kmfd{df d'n aLp pTkfbg u/L s[ifsx?sf]
dfu adf]lhd cfk'lt{ ug]{ .
2. kmfd{nfO{ If]qsf] dfu adf]lhd 3f;sf] aLpsf] >f]ts]Gb|sf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{sf] nflu a[xt
?kdf 3f;]afnL aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
3. kmfd{ If]qsf s[ifsx?nfO{ 3f;]afnL tyf aLp pTkfbgdf ;jn, ;Ifd agfpg kmfd{
afXoIf]qdf 3f; ljsf; / aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
4. kmfd{sf] cTofaZos ef}lts ;+/rgf ;'b[l9s/0f tyf sfo{Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .

74
%= /fO{hf]ljod k|of]uzfnfsf] lhDd]jf/L M
1. sfo{qmdsf] cltl/Qm dfu adf]lhd h}ljs dn pTkfbg tyf ljt/0fdf hf]8 lbg] .
2. u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg gd'gf ;+sng, k|of]uzfnf kl/If0f ;]jfnfO{
lj:tf/ ug]{ .
3. k|of]uzfnfsf] cTofaZos ef}lts ;+/rgf ;'b[l9s/0f tyf sfo{Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .

^= /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/L M

1. sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ .
2. cleofg ;kmn kfg{ cfjZos kg]{ ;fdfu|L÷pks/0fx? vl/b u/L ;DjlGwt lHfNnf tyf
s]Gb|x?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
3. hgr]tgf clea[l¢sf] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{, u/fpg] .
4. ;]jf k|bfos k|fljlwssf] nflu cfjZos k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fdu|L, k|sfzg, 8fo/L Pj+ kz'
cfxf/f ;DaGwL tflndsf] Aoj:yf u/fpg] .
5. cfjZostf cg';f/ lHfNnfx?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] .
6. sfo{qmd cg';f/ pTs[i6 ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| tyf k|flalws, ;'kl/a]Ifs,
lh=k=;]=sf=tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
7. u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbgsf] nflu g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifbsf] ;+nUgtfdf d'n aLp
vl/b ul/ kmfd{ tyf >f]t s]Gb|x?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
8. 3f; ljsf; tyf aLp pTkfbg, kz' cfxf/f ;'wf/, s[lif pkkbfy{x?sf] pkof]lutf tyf
kf}li6stf a[l4 ;DaGwL tflndx? ;+rfng ug{ kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno
;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
9. ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ rf}dfl;s tyf aflif{s ?kdf ;ldIff uf]i7L ug]{ .
10. sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ d]zLg/L cf}hf/ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] vl/bsf] nflu cfjZos
k|lqmofx? k'/f ul/ vl/b ug]{÷u/fpg] .
11. ck]lIft pknlAw k|flKtsf nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no tyf kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
s]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] sf] k|lta]bg kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
12. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;+of]u ul/ dlxgf ;lsPsf] kFfr
lbg leq kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

&= If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?sf] lhDd]jf/L M

1. sfo{qmd ;kmntk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] .
2. lhNnfdf ;+rflnt kz' cfxf/f ;'wf/ cleofg sfo{qmdsf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg u/L ;f] sf]
k|ltj]bg rf}dfl;s ?kdf cfjZos ;'dmfj ;lxt /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| / kz'
pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
3. kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmdsf] If]qut ?kdf rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult
ljj/0f tof/ kf/L /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| / kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf
k7fpg] .

75
*= kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L M
1. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|sf k|fljlwsx?nfO{ /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| ;+usf]
;dGjodf kz' cfxf/f ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
2. sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+rflnt tflndsf] k|lta]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
3. tflnd kf7oqmd, ;xefuL 5gf}6 tyf tflnd ljlwdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
4. cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;~rflnt tflnd sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / aflif{s k|ult
ljj/0f /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| / kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

(= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L M

1. sfo{qmdsf] sfo{lalw / lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L l:js[t u/fpg] / sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .
2. l:js[t sfo{ljlw / lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ah]6 / clVtof/L l:js[t u/fO{ ;DalGwt
sfof{nox?nfO{ k7fpg] .
3. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt lgb]{zgfno, ljefu, d+qfno / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] k|d'v s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] gftfn] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug]{ u/fpg]
tyf ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fKt cg'udg k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?nfO{ ;'wf/sf]
nflu k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ .
5. sfo{qmdsf] aflif{s cBfalws k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k]z ug]{ u/fpg] .
6. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / aflif{s k|ult ljj/0f ;+of]u ul/ kz' ;]jf ljefu / s[lif
ljsf; dGqfnodf k7fpg]] .

76
 cg';'lr #
;]jf ;~rfng k|s[of

qm=;+= sfo{ljlw lhDd]jf/L nfUg] ;do

!= ;Defljt uf=lj=;=x?sf :yflgo lgsfo, u}=;=;+=, lhNnf kz' ;]jf
;xsf/L ;+:yf, pkef]Stf ;ldlt, kz'kfns ;d'x tyf sfof{no, lhNnf ! lbg
bkmf !) cg';f/ ul7t lhNNff kz' cfxf/f ljsf; kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 ;xsfo{ ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ . ;dGjo ;ldlt
@= 5gf}6 ePsf ;xsfo{ ;+:yf tyf ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f lhNnf kz' ;]jf
ljsf; s]Gb| ;+rfng ul/g] :yfgsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f sfof{no, lhNnf kz' & lbg
cfxf/f ljsf;
u/L cfjZos ljj/0fx? cg';'rL ! cg';f/ tof/ kfg]{ . ;dGjo ;ldlt
#= 5gf}6 ePsf ;+rfns ;+:yfx? ;+u cg';'rL % cg';f/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf @ lbg
låkIfLo ;Ddmf}tf ;DkGg ug]{ . sfof{no
$= /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb| dfkm{t ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos kz' /fli6«o r/g tyf
kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| / !% lbg
k|hgg s]Gb|df sfo{/t k|fljlwsnfO{ kz' cfxf/f ljsf; tflnd tyf k|;f/
tyf 3f;]jfnL ;DaGwL tflnd u/fpg] . lgb]{zgfno
%= kz' cfxf/f ljsf;, 3f; pTkfbg, aLp pTkfbg ug{sf]
nflu l;8ljg, x] Pj+ ;fO{n]h agfpg] ;fdu|L, l;lnª
d]l;g, aLp ;kmf ug]{ pks/0f, x] afO{G8/, Kofs]lhª /fli6«o r/g tyf
d]l;g, g;{/L ;fdu|L, :k|]o/, o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|÷ & lbg
Ans -UMMB_ tof/ ug]{ d]l;g, Rofkms6/, xfe]{i6/, lh=k=;]=sf=
;L8 u|]8/, ;L8 y|];/ l/sl8{Ë kmf/d, /lhi6/ -d'No ?=
!,)),))). ;Dd kg]{ ;fdu|L÷pks/0f_ cg'bfg lbg] .
^= ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| cGtu{t s[ifs÷;d'x /fli6«o r/g tyf
÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷gLhL kmd{÷sDkgLnfO{ 3f; kz' cfxf/f
pTkfbgsf] nflu lgMz'Ns aLp tyf >f]ts]Gb|x?df s]Gb|÷r/g tyf !% lbg
3f;sf] aLp÷a]gf{÷;]6\; pTkfbgsf] nflu lgMz'Ns aLp, 3f;]afnL aLp a[l4
dn, cf}ifwL pknAw u/fpg] . kmfd{÷ lh=k=;]=sf=
&= ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|x?s]f lbuf]
;+rfngsf] nflu ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if dfkm{t ;DjlGwt ;+:yf,
sfo{qmd kl/rfng ug]{ . ;f] sf]ifdf sfo{qmdaf6 cg'bfg lh=k=;]=sf=, & lbg
:j?k /sd pknAw u/fpg] tyf ;f] sf]ifdf cGo
;xof]uL lgsfonfO{ ;d]t /sd pknAw u/fpg k|f]T;fxg If]=k=;]=lg=
ug]{ .
*= :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{x?sf] k|of]u u/L ;d'bfodf o'l/of
df]nf;]; ldg/n Ans -UMMB_ tof/ ug{sf] nflu lh=k=;]=sf=÷/f=r=k cfjZostf
cfjZos ;fdfuL|x? Ps k6ssf] nflu cg'bfgdf cg';f/
=cf=s]=
pknAw u/fO{ k'/s kz' cfxf/fsf] ?kdf UMMB tof/
ug]{ .

77
(= 3f;]afnL tyf aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmddf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwfsf]
nflu cfjZos ;fdu|L÷pks/0fx? -kDk;]6, kfO{k,
df]6/, kf]v/L lgdf{0f_, 6«ofS6/ l8«e]g xfe]{i6/, 6«ofS6/
l8«e]g y|];/, 6«ofS6/ l8«e]g u|]8/, l;8 l8«n sd lh=k=;]=sf= /
cfjZostf
kml6{nfO{h/ d]l;g, 6«ofS6/ l8«e]g Rofkms6/ -d'No ?= /fli6«o r/g tyf
cg';f/
!,)),))). b]lv ?= #,)),))). ;Dd kg]{ ;fdu|L÷ kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|
pks/0f_ x? &% k|ltzt ;/sf/L cg'bfg / @% k|ltzt
;+rfns ;+:yf÷gLhL kmd{÷sDkgLsf] nufgLdf pknAw
u/fpg] .
!)= s[lif pkkbfy{sf] kf}li6stf a[l4 u/L clwstd pkof]usf]
nflu 6L=Pd=cf/= tof/ ug]{ d]l;g, kz' cfxf/f tof/
ug{ rk/, rk/ sd u|fO{G8/, u|fO{G8/, lkm8 ldS;r/,
sGe]o/, lkm8 Ans tof/ ug]{ d]l;g, x] a]lnª d]l;g,
kfj/ l6n/, sDKnL6 lkm8 k|f];]l;ª d]l;g, df]nf;];
lh=k=;]=sf= /
8f]hLª l;:6d, u|fO{G8/ P08 ldS;r/, kmf]8/ Ans cfjZostf
/fli6«o r/g tyf
d]lsª d]l;g, xfO{8«f]lns sDk|];/, afof]df; la|s]6Lª cg';f/
kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|
d]l;g, Pu|f] j]:6 d]l;g / cGo cfjZos pks/0f÷
;fdu|L -?= #,)),))). eGbf al9 d'No kg]{ ;fdu|L÷
pks/0f_ x? %) k|ltzt ;/sf/L cg'bfg / %) k|ltzt
;+rfns ;+:yf÷gLhL kmd{÷sDkgLsf] nufgLdf pknAw
u/fpg] .
!!= lhNnfdf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng ubf{ lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 lhNnf kz' ;]jf
;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|÷s[ifs sfof{no, lhNnf cfjZostf
;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ slt If]qkmndf 3f; ljsf; kz' cfxf/f ljsf; cg';f/
ug]{ ;f] lg0f{o u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ aLp÷lj?jf÷;]6\; ;dGjo ;ldlt
pknAw u/fpg] .
!@= lhNnfdf kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng ubf{ ;DalGwt pTkfbg ;fdu|L÷pks/0fx?
Go"gtd Criteria k'/f ug]{ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
s]Gb|÷s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷ ;xsf/LnfO{ lgz'Ns jf lhNnf kz' ;]jf
;xsfo{df pknAw u/fp+bf lhNnf kz' cfxf/f ;dGjo sfof{no, lhNnf cfjZostf
;ldltaf6 lg0f{o u/fP/ dfq pknAw u/fpg] . o;sf] kz' cfxf/f ljsf; cg';f/
nflu 3f; ljsf; ;DefAotf, 3f; tyf aLp pTkfbgdf ;dGjo ;ldlt
s[ifsx?sf] cu|;/tf, ;+nUgtf, Aoj;foLskg / kz'
gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf
cfwf/nfO{ dWogh/ u/L 5gf}6 u/L ljt/0f÷;xsfo{ ug].{

78
!#= cleofg sfo{qmdsf] ;d]t clgjfo{ ?kn] ;fj{hlgs
lh=k=;]=sf= ! lbg
;'g'jfO{ tyf hgn]vf kl/If0f u/fpg] .
!$= lhNnfdf :yflkt k|To]s ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf;
s]Gb|n] aif]{, lxpb], ax'aif]{, 8fn] 3f; nufO{Psf], ;fd'bflos kz'
dlxgfsf] !
3f;]afnLsf] aLp pTkfbg, x] ;fO{n]h, UMMB cfxf/f ljsf;
k6s
pTkfbgsf] lgoldt clen]v /fvL dlxgfsf] #) ut] leq s]Gb|x?
clgafo{ ?kdf ;DalGwt lh=k=;]=sf=df k|ult k7fpg] .
!%= lhNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?n] k|To]s kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|sf] dlxgf !@
leGbflEfGb} tyf Psd'i6 sDkfOn u/]/ dfl;s, rf}dfl;s rf}dfl;s #
lh=k=;]=sf=
/ aflif{s Kf|ult clgafo{ ?kdf /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' ci6dfl;s!
cfxf/f s]Gb| / ;DalGwt If]=k=;]=lg=df k7fpg] . aflif{s !
!^= /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|n] k|To]s lHfNnfsf] dlxgf !@
rf}dfl;s #
k|ult ljj/0f Psd'i6 ;+of]u u/L -dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / /fli6«o r/g tyf
ci6dfl;s
aflif{s_ dlxgfsf] & ut] leq clgjfo{ ?kdf kz' pTkfbg kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| !
lgb]{zgfno k7fpg] . aflif{s !
!&= k|To]s If]=k=;]=lg=n] sfo{qmd ;kmntfk'j{s ;+rfng ug{
u/fpg cfˆgf] dftxtsf lh=k=;]=sf= tyf ;fem]bf/ cfjZostf
If]=k=;]=lg=x?
;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f cg';f/
ljsf; s]Gb|x?sf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f tyf k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ .
!*= If]=k=;]=lg= n] ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| tyf
lhNnfsf] kz' cfxf/f ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] lgl/If0f
rf}dfl;s !
cg'udg ul/ /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| / kz' If]=k=;]=lg=x?
k6s
pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf rf}dfl;s ?kdf ;d:of /
;dfwfgsf pkfox? ;lxt k|ltj]bg lbg] .
!(= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no tyf ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; s]Gb|x?n] o; cleofg sfo{qmdaf/] s'g} lh=k=;]=sf=/ /fli6«o
cfjZostf
lsl;dsf] yk lh1f;f tyf cGo s'g} hfgsf/L rflxPsf] r/g tyf kz'
cg';f/
cj:yfdf o; sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v ;+of]hs /fli6«o r/g cfxf/f s]Gb|
tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df l;wf ;Dks{ /fVg] .
@)= 3f;]afnL tyf aLp pTkfbg ug]{ pTs[i6 lh=k=;]=sf=,
If]=k=;]=lg= / cfjZostf
s[ifs÷;d'x÷;ldlt ÷;xsf/L nfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j?k
/fli6«o r/g tyf cg';f/
k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ . kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|
@!= hgr]tgf clea[l4sf] nflu cled'vLs/0f tyf ljleGg lh=k=;]=sf=,kz'
pTkfbg cfaZstf
lsl;dsf krf{, kDkn]6, lnkmn]6, tyf :yflgo
lgb]{zgfno, cg';f/
Pkm=Pd=x?af6 sfo{qmdaf/] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ . /f=r=k=cf=s]=

79
 cg';'rL $

;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ rfxg] ;+:yfn] ;Ddmf}tf k"j{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{
lja/0fx?

! :yflgo lgsfo÷:f+:yfsf] gfd M–

@ 7]ufgf M–
# glhssf] s[=u= s]Gbsf] ljj/0f M–
$ ;]jf k|bfos÷k|fljlws -O{G;]ldg]6/_ sf] gfd M–
% pkef]Qmf ;d'x jf cGo ;xsfo{ ;+:yf eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f M–
^ ;]jf k|bfos eO{ sfo{ ug{ ;+:yf;+u ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk M–
& ;DaGwLt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|sf] ljj/0f M–
* uf=lj=;=sf] kz' tYofÍ M–
kz' ljj/0f s'n hDDff :yflgo gZn pGgt gZn b'x'gf
ufO{
Ef};L
e]8f
Affv|f

( glhssf] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] gfd M–

7]ufgf M–
!) 3f; ljsf; ug{ ;DefAo hUufsf] If]=km= -x]S6/df_ M–
!! 3f; ljsf; ug{ ;DefAo hUufsf] k|sf/ M–
!@ 3f; v]tL ljifout k|flalwssf] ljj/0f M–
!# 3f; v]tL of]hgf M–
!$ s[lif pkkbfy{ pkof]u of]hgf M–
!% a}+s vftf ;+rfng ePsf] eP a}+ssf] gfd, vftf g+=, vftfsf] lsl;d / vftfafnfx?sf] gfd M–

80
 cg';'rL %

;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| ;+rfng ug{ :f+:yf;+u x'g] ;Demf}tf kqsf] gd'gf

kz' ;]jf ljefu÷kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno÷/fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|¢f/f lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{no==========================dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/g] rfn' cf=j= ============== sf] l:js[t kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ lHfNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{no ===================================
-o;kl5 klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / >L =========================================== ============================ -o;kl5
bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ ljr tkl;nsf zt{gfdfx? d+h'/ eO{ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf
u/L sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ låkIfLo ;Ddmf}tf ;DkGg eof] .

tkl;n

-!_ of] sfo{qmd ljz]if u/L kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+u ;u} cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf
;+:yf ;+u kz' cfxf/f ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . t;y{ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|
;+rfng ubf{ ul/g] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sf zt{ cg';f/ g} kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
-@_ sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu cyjf ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu
cfjZos hUuf jf :yfgsf] Aoj:yf bf]>f] kIf :jo+n] ug'{kg]{ 5 .

-#_ sfo{qmdsf] nflu rflxg] aLp, dn, cf}ifwL, ;-;fgf pks/0fx? k|yd kIfn] cg'bfg :j?k
pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-$_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|sf] nflu Aoj:yf ul/Psf] k|fljlwsn] g} ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f
ljsf; s]Gb|sf] nflu ;d]t sfd ug]{ u/L jf gof 7fp+df ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|
:yfkgf ubf{ k|fljlws -Go'gtd h]=l6=P= kf;_ sf] Aoj:yf bf]>f] kIf :jo+n] ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ lbuf]?kdf sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;DjlGwt ;+:yf bf]>f] kIfn] kz' cfxf/f ljsf; ;DaGwL
lqmofsnfkx? ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if dfkm{t g} ;+rfng ug'{kg]{5 . h'g sf]ifdf k|yd
kIfn] ;d]t sfo{qmd cg';f/ cg'bfg /sd pkNfAw u/fpg]5 / cGo ;xof]uL lgsfoaf6
;d]t ;xof]usf] nflu cfjZos kxn ug{'kg]{5 .
-^_ kz' cfxf/f ljsf; /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t xl/of] 3f; tyf aLp a]gf{ pTkfbg, x]
/ ;fO{n]h agfpg], s[lif pkkbfy{sf] pkof]u cflb sfo{qmd k|yd kIfsf] ;dGjodf
k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-&_ bf];f|] kIfn] lgoldt ?kdf ;Dk'0f{ sfo{qmdx?sf] clen]v /lhi6/ v8f u/L Aoal:yt tj/n]
/fVg'kg]{5 .

81
-*_ sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s ?kdf k|ult k|ltj]bg lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf bf]>f] kIfn] k|yd kIfnfO{ clgjfo{
?kn] a'emfpg'kg]{ 5 .
-(_ s'g} sf/0faz sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g g;s]df k|yd kIfaf6 k|fKt ;Dk'0f{ pks/0f÷;fdfu|Lx?
bf];|f] kIfn] k|yd kIfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf] cGo Aoxf]/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cyjf b'O{
kIfsf] cfk;L ;xdlt cg'?k x'g]5 .

k|yd kIfsf] tkm{af6 bf];f|] kIfsf] tkm{af6

gfdM gfd

kb kb

b:tvt b:tvt

ldlt ldlt

sfof{nosf] 5fk ;+:yfsf] 5fk

82
 cg';'rL ^
cg'udgsf] 9fFrf
-!_ lhNnfM–
-@_ ;fd'bflos kz' cfxf/f ljsf; s]Gb|sf] gfd / 7]ufgfM–
-#_ :f+rfns ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgfM–
-$_ ;]jf ;+rfng ePsf] ;fn / dlxgfM–
-%_ ;]jf k|bfossf] gfd / tflnd lnPsf] ;fnM–
-^_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if :yfkgf ePsf] ;fn / dlxgfM–
-&_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if cfDbfgL ljj/0f
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 k|fKt /sdM–
;xsfo{ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sdM–
cGo ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt /sdM–
;]jf z'Nsaf6 -@)Ü_ /sdM–
s'n hDdf /sd ?=–
-*_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if vr{ ljj/0f
sf]if Vfr{ u/L ul/Psf sfo{ ljj/0f M
xfn ;Ddsf] hDdf vr{ ?=M
sf]ifdf afFsL df}Hbft /sdM–
-(_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifaf6 xfn;Dd ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ hDdf s[ifs ;+VofM–
-!)_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifdf /sd ;xof]u ug]{ cGo ;+:yfx?sf] gfd / ;xof]u
/sdM–
-!!_ 3f; ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] clen]v
3f; ljsf; -x]S6/df_
lxp+b] Jfif]{ ax'alif{o 8fn] hDdf
Uft dlxgf ;Ddsf]
o;dlxgfsf]
hDdf

83
!@_ xfn ;Dd nufO{Psf 3f;sf] ljj/0f
lxp+b] Jfif]{ ax'alif{o 8fn]
sf]z]

csf]z]

:yfgLo
3f;

-!$_ s[lif pkkbfy{ ;'wf/ / pkof]usf] nflu ePsf k|of;x? M

-!%_ cGo ;'dmfj s]xL ePM–

lg/LIf0f stf{sf] gfdM– ;]jf k|bfos jf ;+rfnssf] gfdM–

kb
lg/LIf0f ldltM– ldlt
x:tfIf/ x:tfIf/

84
 cg';'rL &
sG6«ofS6 kmfldª sfo{qmd dfkm{t 3f;]afnL aLp pTkfbg s/f/-kq
tk;Lndf aLp pTkfbs / pTkfbg ;d"x lhNnf==========uf=lj=;= / g=kf===========j8f g+= =====a:g]
>L=============================sf 5f]/f÷5f]/L aif{ ======== sf >L÷>Ldlt ===============================-o; kl5
k|yd kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/g]_ / >L ================================== -o; kl5 l4lto kIf elg ;Daf]wg
ul/g]_ aLr tn pNn]lvt zt{sf cwLgdf /xL tkl;ndf pNn]lvt 3Ff; afnLsf] pGgt aLp k|yd
kIfn] pTkfbg u/L l4lto kIfn] vl/b ug{ cfh ldlt ======================df of] ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 .
!= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt sfof{non] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] hftsf] aLp nufpg kg{]5 .
@= pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos kg{] d'n / >f]t aLp tyf cGo ;fdfu|Lx? l4lto kIfn] k|yd kIfnfO{
pknAw u/fpg kg{]5 .
#= s/f/ eP adf]lhd k|yd kIfn] pTkfbg u/]sf] aLp l4lto kIfn] v/Lb ug{]5 . pk/f]Qm aLpsf]
v/Lb b/ ;+nUg ljj/0fdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ pTkfbg ePsf] aLp
k|yd kIfn] cGoq ljqmL ug{ kfO{g] 5}g . t/ ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] kl/df0f eGbf al9 ePdf cGoq
laqmL ug{ k|yd kIf :jtGq x'g] 5 .
$= k|lts"n df};dsf sf/0fn] h:t} cgfa[li6 af9L klx/f] ,x'/L jtf; , clta[i6L cflb , h:tf b}jL
k|sf]k jf6 k|yd kIfn] s/f/ kqdf tf]lsPsf] kl/df0fsf] aLp pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] ePdf ;f]
sf] hfgsf/L l4lto kIfnfO{ oyfl;3| lbg'kg{]5 .
%= 3+f;af/L lgl/If0faf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] afnLsf] aLpnfO{ kl/If0f u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L l4lto kIfsf]
x'g] 5 . aLp k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnfdf u'0f:t/ , lr:ofg , ef}lts z'4tf / pdf/zlQm kl/If0f
u/fpg' kg{] 5 / ;f]sf] glthfsf] Ps k|lt k|yd kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg{] 5 . aLp aLhg
P]g @)$% , aLp aLhg lgodfjnL @)%$ df tf]lsPsf] eGbf sd u'0f:t/sf] aLp vl/b ul/g]
5}g . /fli6|o aLp aLhg ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd :t/df cfPsf] aLp ;Demf}tf eP cg';f/sf]
;Dk"0f{ kl/df0f l4lto kIfn] k|yd kIfaf6 ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] d'Nodf clgjfo{ vl/b ug{'
kg{]5 .
^= ;+ef}t cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] ;do / 7fpdf 3f+;sf] aLp s[ifsn] clgjfo{ ?kdf Nofpg' kg{]5 /
gNofPdf ;+emf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] aLpsf] d"Nosf] %) k|ltzt /sd gub} s[ifsn] l4lto kIfnfO{
xhf{gf :j?k a'emfpg' kg{] 5 . To:t} u/L l4lto kIfn] ;+emf}tf cg';f/sf] aLp clgjfo{ ?kdf
tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgaf6 p7fpg' kg{] 5 . aLp gp7fPdf ;+emf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] aLpsf] d"Nosf]
%) k|ltzt /sd xhf{gf :j?k l4lto kIfn] clgjfo{ ?kdf k|yd kIfnfO{ a'emfpg' kg{] 5 .
&= pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf zt{x? b"j} kIfaf6 kfngf geO{ ;d:of b]vf k/]df / :yflgo:t/df ;d:of
;dfwfg x'g g;s]df l4lto kIfn] ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf / k|yd kIfn] l4lto kIf /x]sf]
lhNNffsf] cbfntdf k'k{Ifsf nflu hfg ;Sg]5g\ .
*= l4lto kIfn] k|yd kIfsf] lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ug{]5 .
(= k|yd kIfn] pTkfbg u/]sf] aLp l4lto kIf;Dd 9'jfgL ug{sf] nflu nfUg] vr{ cfk;L
;dembf/Ldf to ul/g] 5 .

85
 ;Demf}tf ljj/0f
qm=;+= 3Ff;] afnL / hft kl/df0f vl/b b/ ? a'emfpg] ldlt s}lkmot
-lsnf]_ -k|lt lsnf]_
!= h}
@= al;{d
#= l6cf];]G6L

k|yd kIf -pTkfbs_ sf] tkm{af6 sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 /f]xj/ l4lto kIf -vl/bstf{_sf] tkm{af6

;xL M ;xL M ;xL M

gfd M gfd M gfd M
kb M kb M kb M
;+:yf M ;+:yf ;+:yf M
7]ufgf M 7]ufgf M 7]ufgf M
kmf]g g+= M kmf]g g+= M kmf]g g+= M
ldlt M ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M sfof{nosf] 5fk M sfof{nosf] 5fk M

86
 cg';'rL *

3fF;sf] g;{/L :yfkgf ;DalGw Joj:yf

3fF; ljsf; >f]t s]Gb|, s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, 3f;]afnL pTkfbs Aoj;flos

s[ifsx?df 3fF;sf] g;{/L :yfkgf u/L j]gf{÷:nLk pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu tk;Ln adf]lhd sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;+rfng k|s[of M
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] ;dGjodf 3f;]afnL pTkfbs Aoj;foLs s[ifs÷;d'x÷
;ldlt÷;xsf/L jf 3f; ljsf; >f]t s]Gb| ePsf] :yfgdf pQm s]Gb|nfO{ 3f;sf] g;{/L
:yfkgfsf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . o;/L >f]t s]Gb| 5gf}6 ubf{ 3f;sf] a]gf{÷:nLk pTkfbg x'g]
;DefAotf / g;{/Lsf] nflu Go"gtd cfaZostf k'/f ug]{ ;d'xnfO{ dfq 5gf}6 ug{' kg]{5 .
:yfgLo cfjZostf / ;d'xsf] bIftfsf] cfwf/df ax'alif{o / 8fn] 3f;sf] cnu cnu jf
b'a} g;{/L :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . Pp6f g;{/Lsf] If]qkmn sDtLdf @ /f]kgLsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
2. pQm s[ifs ;d'xnfO{ cGt/s[of u/L cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{5 . o;} k|s[ofdf
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] ;d'x;+u 8fn] 3f; jf ax'alif{o 3f;sf] g;{/Laf6 aflif{s a]gf{÷
:nLk pTkfbgsf] nflu ;Demf}tf ul/g]5 .
3. g;{/L Aoj:yfkg tflnd # lbg] -:ynut tflnd_ ;+rfng u/L s[ifsx?nfO{ g;{/Lsf
k|fljlws / Aoj:yfksLo kIfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fO{g] 5 .
4. g;{/L :yfkgfsf] nflu cfjZos aLp÷a]gf{÷:nLk÷kf]lnk6 9'jfgL ;d]tsf] vr{ sfo{qmdaf6
lgz'Ns pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
5. g;{/L ;+rfng ubf{ cfjZos dn÷cf}ifwL÷dfO{qmf]Go"l6«oG6 ;xsfo{df pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
6. g;{/L :yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos pTkfbg ;fdu|L÷l;+rfO{ ;fdu|L÷pks/0fx? ;xsfo{df
pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . ;xsfo{ ubf{ sfo{ ;+rfng k|s[ofdf tf]lsP cg';f/ ul/g]5 .
7. o; k|s[ofaf6 g;{/L :yfkgf sfo{qmd pQm ;+:yfnfO{ Ps k6ssf] nflu dfq k|bfg ug]{ /
To; kl5 ;+:yf :jo+ cfTdlge{/ x'g' kg]{5 .
8. g;{/L :yfkgf ;DaGwL cGo Aoj:yf kz' ;]jf ljefusf] ljBdfg gd{;\ adf]lhd ;+rfng
ul/g]5 . sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf s|ddf b'ljwf jf c:ki6tf cfO{k/]df ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{no / /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| ;+u ;dGjo u/L cfaZos sfo{ ug]{ u/fpg'
kg]{ 5 .

b|i6Ao M
 o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v gePsf] ljifox?sf] xsdf kz' ;]jf ljefusf] dfkb08, lgb]{lzsf,
gd{;\ tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] 5 .
 ;a} sfo{qmdx? lalgof]lht jh]6 / l:js[t sfo{qmdsf] k/Llw leq /xL ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ 5.

87
 ufO{e};Lsf] j+z ;'wf/, ;+/If0f Pj+ df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg]
sfo{qmd ;Grfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, df= dGqL:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷(÷!^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

k|:tfjgf
b]zdf hg;+Vof j[l4 Pj+ zx/Ls/0fsf] ;fy} kf]if0fo'Qm kz'k+IfLhGo kbfy{sf] dfu lbgfg'lbg a9b}
uO/x]sf] / dfu cg';f/ b]zleq} pTkfbg Pj+ cfk'lt{ x'g g;Sbf To:tf kz'k+IfLhGo kbfy{x?
ljb]zaf6 ;d]t cfoft e} /x]sf] 5 . b]z leq g} kz'k+IfLhGo kbfy{x? vf; u/L b'w / df;'sf]
pTkfbg a9fO{ cfk'lt{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' clt cfjZos ePsf] / /fli6«o s[lif gLlt, @)^!, s[lif
Joj;fo k|j4{g gLlt, @)^#, b'Uw ljsf; gLlt, @)^$ tyf lb3{sflng s[lif of]hgfsf] ;f]r Pj+
pb]Zox? cg'?k klg kz'k+IfLx?sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf j[l4 u/L dfu cg';f/ u'0f:t/Lo kz'kIfLhGo
kbfy{x?sf] ;xh cfk'lt{ Pj+ lgof{t k|j4{g ug{ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k lghL pBdL÷
sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df j[xt
Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf Dff;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg], pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f tyf b'wfn'
ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ h:tf sfo{qmdx? Joj;flos ?kdf ;Grfngsf] nflu b]xfosf lgb]{lzsf
hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

1. ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M

of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æufO{e};Lsf] j+z ;'wf/, ;+/If0f, Pj+ df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f
x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;Grfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)Æ /x]sf] 5 .
!= of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 k|f/De x'g] 5 .
2. kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,
1. ælgb]{lzsfÆ eGgfn] æufO{e};Lsf] j+z ;'wf/, ;+/If0f Pj+ df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f
x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;Grfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)Æ ;Demg' kb{5 .
2. æsfo{qmdÆ eGgfn] ;Gbe{ cg';f/ æDff;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] jf pTkfbglzn yf/f
e};L ;+/If0f jf b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmdÆ ;Demg' kb{5 .
3. æks]6 If]qÆ eGgfn] ;Gbe{ cg';f/ æDff;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] jf pTkfbglzn yf/f
e};L ;+/If0f jf b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmdÆ ;Grfng x'g] ks]6 If]qnfO{
;Demg' kb{5 .
4. æsDkgLÆ eGgfn] ;/sf/L lgsfodf kz'kfng Joj;fosf] nflu ljlwjt ?kdf btf{
ePsf] sDkgL ;Demg' kb{5 .
5. ælghL pBdLÆ eGgfn] JolQmut ?kdf Joj;flos kz'kfngdf ;+nUg s[ifs tyf
pBdL ;Demg' kb{5 .

88
 6. ælhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnÆ eGgfn] kz' ;]jf ljefusf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng
lgb]{lzsf tyf gd{; k'l:tsf cg';f/ ;DalGwt lhNnfdf ul7t kz' ljsf; sfo{bn
;Demg' kb{5 .
7. æs]Gb|Æ eGgfn] ;Gbe{ cg';f/ æDff;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] jf pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L
;+/If0f jf b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmdÆ ;Grfng ePsf :yfgx?nfO{Æ
;Demg' k5{ .
8. æ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LÆ eGgfn] ;Gbe{ cg';f/ æDff;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] jf
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f jf b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmdÆ df cfj4
s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L ;Demg' kb{5 .
9. æ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|Æ eGgfn] sfo{qmd ;+rflnt If]q;+u ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf
s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| ;Demg' k5{ .
10. æ;fem]bf/Æ eGgfn] lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/
;/sf/L ;+3÷ ;+:yfx? eGg] ;Demg' kb{5 .

kl/R5]b !
df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd

b]zdf hg;+Vof j[l4 ;+u} lbgfg'lbg a9b} uO/x]sf] :jR5 df;'sf] dfunfO{ ;xh cfk"lt{ ug{
;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/
;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df Dff;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd b]xfo
adf]lhd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .

3. p2]Zox? M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g .

1. kf8fx?sf] ;+sng tyf kfng u/L df;'sf] dfu cfk'lt{df j[l4 ug]{] .
2. kf8fx?sf] df;' pTkfbgsf nflu cfj:os kg]{ ljleGg cfofdx?nfO{ cjnDjg
u/fpg k|]l/t ub}{ kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{nfO{ Joj;flos k]]zfdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ .
3. hGd]sf kf8fx?nfO{ plrt ;+/If0f Pj+ kfng ug{ e}+;Lkfns s[ifsx?df hgr]tgf
km}nfpg] .

$= sfo{qmdsf] calwM
1. of] sfo{qmdsf] cjlw al9df % jif{sf] x'g]5 / cfjZostf cg';f/ yk lj:tf/ ub}{
nfg ;lsg]5 .

%= sfo{qmdsf] nfuL lhNnf tyf If]qx? 5gf}+6sf cfwf/x? M df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg]
s]Gb| ;Grfng ug{ lhNnf Pj+ ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
1. x/]s ljsf; If]qx?df e};Lkfngsf] afx'Notf ePsf] :yfg Pj+ cf;kf;sf If]qx? .

89
 2. sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] :yfgx?df ;8s, ;+rf/ / ljh'nL h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf]
;'ljwf ePsf] .
3. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ubf{ t'ngfTds ?kdf nfe x'g] If]qx? .
4. afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3fF;kft, 8fn]3fF;, lkpg] kfgL k|z:t pknAw x'g ;Sg] :yfg .
5. eljiodf cem lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf ePsf If]qx? .
sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] z'?sf] cf=j= @)&)÷&! df pk/f]Qm 5gf}6sf] cfwf/ cg';f/
emfkf, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, lrtjg, sfe|], g'jfsf]6, wflbË, nlntk''/, slknj:t', bfË /
alb{of lhNnfx?df sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/Psf 5g\ eg] cfufld cfly{s jif{x?df
cfjZostf / ;Defjgfsf] cfwf/df cGo yk lhNnfx?df sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/Lg]5 .
^= sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;fe]mbf/sf] 5gf}6 M
1. kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] bkmf % adf]lhd df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg]
sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu kfFr j6} ljsf; If]q ;d]6\g] u/L lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
2. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj
cfXjfg ug]{5 .
3. sfo{qmddf ;xeflu x'g O{R5's ;+:yfx?n] cg';"rL–# -s_ cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt
sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf cg";'rL–@ cg';f/sf] lgj]bg
btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
4. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] btf{ ePsf k|:tfjx?sf] :Yfnut lg/LIf0f u/L k|f/lDes
kz'kfng ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bndf :jLs[ltsf] nflu
k]z ug]{ 5 .
5. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn]] k|fKt k|:tfj tyf sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu
k|f/lDes kz'kfng ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cg';"rL–$ -s_ adf]lhd d"NofÍg
ul/ ;fem]bf/sf] 5gf}6 ug]{5 .

&= df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt u7g M
1. :yflgo:t/df sfo{qmd ;+rfng, cg'udg, ;dGjo, ;'emfj tyf ;xof]u / lgoGq0f
ug{ tyf sf]if kl/rfng ug{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] & ;b:oLo ;+rfns ;ldlt /xg] 5 .
-s_ k|ltlgwL, ;fem]bf/ lgsfo cWoIf
-v_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] -a9Ldf # hgf_ ;b:o
-u_ k|ltlgwL, :yflgo lgsfo ;b:o
-3_ k|ltlgwL, lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no ;b:o
-ª_ k|d'v, ;+jlGwt kz' ;]jf÷pks]Gb| ;b:o ;lrj
2. pkbkmf ! adf]lhd ul7t df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf]
sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M
-s_ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ nufpg] / ;f] sf]
cg'udg ug]{ .

90
 -v_ :yfgLo lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo u/L df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb|sf] nflu
cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn ug]{ .
-u_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|, pks]Gb|÷;DjlGwt lgsfon] lbPsf
;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .
-3_ s]Gb|df /x]sf kf8fx?sf] ladfsf] nflu kxn ug]{ u/fpg] .
-ª_ df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb|sf] xf]8{Ë af]8{ /fVg] .
-r_ ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfaf6 ;Grflnt o; sfo{qmd af/] x/]s jif{ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{
ug]{ tyf ug{ nufpg] .

*= ;]jf ;+rfng k|s[of M o; sfo{qmd jdf]lhdsf] ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ k|s[of b]xfo
jdf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / bkmf ^ adf]lhd 5gf}+6 ePsf ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf lar
cg";'rL–% -s_ cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/Lg]5 .
2. a[xt tyf Joj;flos ?kdf u'0f:t/Lo df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd
;Grfng, ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ cf;kf;sf cGo s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷gLlh
pBdL÷sDkgLx?nfO{ klg o; sfo{qmdn] ;d]6\b} n}hfg] .
3. s]Gb|x? ;Grfng ubf{ klxnf] jif{df k|lt s]Gb| slDtdf !)) uf]6f 3fF;kftdf lge{/
/xg ;Sg] kf8fx?sf] ;Íng u/L x'sf{pg' kg]{ / x/]s jif{ s]Gb|df o:tf kf8fx?sf]
;+Vof a9fpFb} n}hfg' kg]{5 .
4. ;fem]bf/n] x/]s jif{ s]Gb|df /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df
aflif{s sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k|:tfj k]; ug]{ .
5. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] ;fem]bf/af6 k]; ePsf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd tyf ah]6
lhNnf kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] a}7saf6 clGtd ?k lbO{ ljlgof]lht /sdsf]
cfwf/df sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{ .
6. bkmf & adf]lhd ul7t df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf]
gfddf ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o ;lrjsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIff/af6 sf/f]af/ x'g] u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 l:js[t k|fKt glhssf] afl0fHo a}+Ídf vftf vf]ln lhNnf l:yt
kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 :jLs[t sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu cfjZos /sd dWo]
slDtdf @% k|ltzt /sd hDdf u/]sf] lg:;f k|df0f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf
k]z u/]sf] cfwf/df dfq cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{g]5 .
7. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] bkmf * pkbkmf ^ adf]lhd a}+Í vftfdf hDdf u/]sf]
/sdsf] ;Ssn} lg:;f k|df0f ;lxt k]; x'g cfPsf] v08df sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ k|ult
x]l/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cg'bfg /sd ls:tfaGbL :j?k jf k'/f /sd
vftfdf hDdf ul/ lbg]5 .
8. s]Gb|df kflnPsf kf8fx?nfO{ 6\ofluË u/L zf/Ll/s tf}n, kz' :jf:y, cf}iflw pkrf/,
vl/b lalqm cflbsf] clen]v /fVg]5 .

91
9. df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gbsf s[ifsx?nfO{ kf8fkfng ;DalGw Ifdtf
clej[4Lsf] nflu tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
10. df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb|df kf8fx?sf] uf]7 tyf 6«]lah lgdf{0f ubf{ cg';"rL–
!$ cg';f/ / xfjfkfgL ;'xfpbf], a}1flgs, ;kmf / xfjfbf/ x'g' kg]{5 .
11. o; cGtu{t ;+/If0f s]Gb|df ePsf kz'x?sf] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 lglb{i6
x'g] kmf/d cg';f/ ljj/0f (Herd Book) tof/ ul/ cWofjlws ul/g] 5 .
12. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] s]Gb|df ePsf kf8fx?df c;n Joj:yfkg ljwL cg'?k
kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf h:t}M k/hLjL lgoGq0f, vf]k cflb k|bfg ug'{kg]{5 / ;f] sf] ;Dk'0f{
ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
13. s]Gb|df df};d / cfjZostf cg';f/ lxpFb], aif]{, jx'jif]{3fF; tyf 8fFn] 3fF; nufPsf]
x'g' kg]{ 5 .
14. ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 eO{;s]kl5 df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg rfxg] ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfx?
clgafo{ ?kdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .
15. o:tf s]Gb|x?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ahf/ k|j4{g ug{' kg]{5 .
16. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no nufotsf cGo ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf
o:tf s]Gb|x?nfO{ :yfkgf ePsf] al9df % aif{;Dddf cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;xof]u
ul/g] 5 .

92
 kl/R5]b @
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd
b]zdf a9\bf] hg;+Vof Pj+ zx/Ls/0f ;+u} pkef]Qmfx?df qmo zlQm a[l4 tyf kf}li6s cfxf/f k|lt
hgr]tgf clej[l4sf] sf/0fn] b'w tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] dfu lbgfg'lbg a9b} u} /x]sf] 5 . csf]{
tk{m pTkfbg Ifdtf /fd|f] ePsf e+};Lx? b'w yfs] kl5 csf]{ a]t;Dd klg gklv{ clgolGqt ?kn]
df;'sf] nflu lalqm ubf{ b]zdf b'wfn' e}+;Lsf] ;+Vof 36\bf] qmddf /x]sf]5 . o;n] ubf{ Joj;foLs
?kdf e};Lx?sf] kmfd{ :yfkgf u/L b'w pTkfbg ug{ rfxg] s[ifsx?n] b'wfn' e};L vl/b ug{ e};Lsf]
>f]tsf] cefj b]lvPsf]n] pGgt hftsf] pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx?sf] klg ;+/If0f u/L b'wfn'
e};Lx?sf] ;xh cfk'lt{ ug{ lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/
;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df pTkfbgzLn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd sfo{qmd b]xfo
adf]lhd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .

(= p2]Zox? M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M

1. pGgt gZnsf b'wfn' e};Lx?nfO{ b'w yfs] kl5 df;'sf] nflu lalqm ul/g] k|rngnfO{
lg?T;fxLt ub}{ pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ .
2. pTkfbgzLn yf/f e};Lx?sf] ;+/If0f u/L b'wfn" e};Lsf] pknAwtf a9fO{ b'wsf]
pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
3. pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx?sf] ;+/If0fdf ;r]tgf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf
clea[l4 ug]{ .
!)= sfo{qmdsf] calwM
1. of] sfo{qmdsf] cjlw al9df % aif{sf] x'g]5 / cfjZostf cg';f/ yk lj:tf/ ub}{
nfg ;lsg]5 .
2. ;kmntfsf] cfwf/df ;+/If0f s]Gb| cf;kf;sf If]qx?df sfo{qmdsf] yk lj:tf/ ul/g]
5.
!!= ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/M pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ;Grfng ug{ lhNnf
Pj+ ks]6 If]q 5gf}+6 b]xfosf cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
1. x/]s ljsf; If]qdf slDtdf Ps ;+/If0f s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ pGgt gZnsf e};L kof{Kt
;+Vofdf /x]sf / b'w yfs] kl5 pTkfbglzn yf/f e};LnfO{ df;'sf] nflu lalqm ul/g]
k|rng al9 /x]sf lhNnf tyf If]qx? .
2. eljiodf sfo{qmdnfO{ cem lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf ePsf If]qx? .
3. ;+/If0f s]Gb| /xg] :yfgdf ;8s, ;+rf/, l;+rfO{, lkpg] kfgL / ljh'nL h:tf ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;'ljwf ePsf] .
4. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ubf{ t'ngfTds ?kdf nfe x'g] If]qx? .
5. afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3fF;kft, lkpg] kflg pknAw x'g ;Sg] :yfg .
sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] z'?sf] cf=j= @)&)÷&! df pk/f]Qm 5gf}6sf] cfwf/ cg';f/
sfe|] lhNnfdf sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/Psf 5 eg] cfufld cfly{s jif{x?df cfjZostf /
;Defjgfsf] cfwf/df cGo yk lhNnfx?df sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/Lg]5 .

93
!@= sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;fem]bf/ 5gf}6 M
1. kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] bkmf !$ adf]lhd pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f
sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu kfFr j6} ljsf; If]q ;d]6\g] u/L lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}6
ug]{5 .
2. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu cg';"rL–!, @, # -v_ / $ -v_
adf]lhd ;fe]mbf/sf] 5gf}6 u/Lg]5 .

!#= pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf] u7g M

1. :yflgo:t/df sfo{qmd ;+rfng, cg'udg, ;dGjo, ;'emfj tyf ;xof]u / lgoGq0f
ug{ tyf sf]if kl/rfng ug{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] & ;b:oLo ;+rfns ;ldlt /xg] 5 .
-s_ k|ltlgwL, ;fem]bf/ lgsfo cWoIf
-v_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] -a9Ldf # hgf_ ;b:o
-u_ k|ltlgwL, :yflgo lgsfo ;b:o
-3_ k|ltlgwL, lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no ;b:o
-ª_ k|d'v, ;+jlGwt kz' ;]jf÷pks]Gb| ;b:o ;lrj
2. pkbkmf ! adf]lhd ul7t s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M
-s_ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+/If0f s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ nufpg] / ;f]
sf] cg'udg ug]{ .
-v_ :yfgLo lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo u/L pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf]
nflu cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn ug]{ .
-u_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|, pks]Gb|÷;DjlGwt lgsfon] lbPsf
;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .
-3_ s]Gb|df /x]sf e};Lx?sf] ladfsf] nflu kxn ug]{ u/fpg] .
-ª_ pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ;DaGwL xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /fVg] .
-r_ ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfaf6 ;Grflnt o; sfo{qmd af/] x/]s jif{ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{
ug]{ tyf ug{ nufpg] .

!$= ;]jf ;+rfng k|lqmof M o; sfo{qmd jdf]lhdsf] ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ k|s[of b]xfo jdf]lhd
x'g]5 M
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / 5gf}+6 ePsf ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf lar cg";'rL–% -v_
cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/Lg]5 .
2. a[xt tyf Joj;flos ?kdf yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;Grfng, ljsf; / lj:tf/
ug{ cf;kf;sf cGo s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L tyf gLlh pBdL, sDkgLx?nfO{
klg o; sfo{qmdn] ;d]6\b} n}hfg] .

94
3. ;+/If0f s]Gb|x? ;Grfng ubf{ klxnf] jif{df k|lt s]Gb| slDtdf %) uf]6f pTkfbglzn
yf/f e};Lx? ;Íng u/L ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ / x/]s jif{ s]Gb|df o:tf e};Lx?sf] ;+Vof
a9fpFb} n}hfg' kg]{5 .
4. ;fem]bf/n] x/]s jif{ s]Gb|df /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df
aflif{s sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k|:tfj k]; ug]{ .
5. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] ;fem]bf/af6 k]; ePsf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd tyf ah]6
lhNnf kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] a}7saf6 clGtd ?k lbO{ ljlgof]lht /sdsf]
cfwf/df sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{ .
6. bkmf !# adf]lhd ul7t pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf]
gfddf ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o ;lrjsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIff/af6 sf/f]af/ x'g] u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 l:js[t k|fKt glhssf] afl0fHo a}+Ídf vftf vf]ln lhNnf l:yt
kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 :jLs[t sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu cfjZos /sd dWo]
slDtdf @% k|ltzt /sd hDdf u/]sf] lg:;f k|df0f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf
k]z u/]sf] cfwf/df dfq cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{g]5 .
7. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] bkmf !$ pkbkmf ^ adf]lhd a}+Í vftfdf hDdf u/]sf]
/sdsf] ;Ssn} lg:;f k|df0f ;lxt k]; x'g cfPsf] v08df sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ k|ult
x]l/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cg'bfg /sd ls:tfaGbL :j?k jf k'/f /sd
vftfdf hDdf ul/ lbg]5 .
8. ;fem]bf/n] s]Gb|sf] k|ult x/]s dlxgf cg';"rL–& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kz' ;]jf
s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| dfkm{t lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
9. s]Gb|df kflnPsf pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx?nfO{ 6\ofluË u/L kz' k|hgg, kz' :jf:y,
cf}iflw pkrf/, vl/b lalqm cflbsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
10. pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmddf ;+nUg s[ifsx?nfO{ Joj;foLs
e};Lkfngdf Ifdtf clej[4Lsf] nflu tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
11. ;+/If0f s]Gb|df e};Lx?sf] uf]7 tyf 6«]lah lgdf{0f ubf{ cg';"rL–!$ cg';f/ /
xfjfkfgL ;'xfpbf], a}1flgs, ;kmf / xfjfbf/ x'g' kg]{5 .
12. o; cGtu{t ;+/If0f s]Gb|df ePsf kz'x?sf] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 lglb{i6
x'g] kmf/d cg';f/ ljj/0f (Herd Book) tof/ ul/ cWofjlws ul/g] 5 .
13. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] s]Gb|df ePsf e};Lx?df c;n Joj:yfkg ljwL cg'?k
kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf h:t}M l66 l8lkË, k/hLjL lgoGq0f, vf]k cflb k|bfg ug'{kg]{5 /
;f] sf] ;Dk'0f{ ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
14. s]Gb|df df};d / cfjZostf cg';f/ lxpFb], aif]{, jx'jif]{3fF; tyf 8fFn] 3fF; nufPsf]
x'g' kg]{ 5 .
15. ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 eO{;s]kl5 ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug{ rfxg] ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf
clgafo{ ?kdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .
16. o:tf ;+/If0f s]Gb|x?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ahf/ k|j4{g ug{' kg]{5 .
17. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no nufotsf cGo ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf
o:tf ;+/If0f s]Gb|x?nfO{ :yfkgf ePsf] al9df % aif{;Dddf cfTdlge{/ agfpg
;xof]u ul/g] 5 .

95
 kl/R5]b #
b'wfn' ufO{e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd
b]zdf hg;+Vof j[l4 ;+u} lbgfg'lbg b'w tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] dfu a9\b} u} /x]sf] t/ a+zfg'ut
?kdf g} sd pTkfbg Ifdtf ePsf] :yflgo ufO{ e};Lsf] afx'Notf al9 ePsf] x'Fbf pTkfbsTj tyf
pTkfbgdf sld /x]sf]n] ltgLx?sf] a+z ;'wf/ u/L pTkfbsTj tyf pTkfbgdf j[l4 Nofpg xfn
df}h'bf ufO{ e};Lx? dWo] pRr b'w pTkfbg Ifdtf ePsf ufO{ e};Lx?sf] 5gf}+6 u/L ltgsf]
clen]v ;d]t /fVb} hfg / To:tf ufO{ tyf e};Lx?sf] yk a+z ;'wf/ ug{ pRr u'0f:t/sf]
k|dfl0ft lao{ k|of]u u/L ;f] af6 hGd]sf afR5fx?nfO{ u'0f:t/sf] ;fF9]sf] ?kdf kfln a+zfjnLdf
cfwfl/t Ifdtfsf] clen]v cg';f/ pRr sf]6Lsf] ax/x?af6 lao{ pTkfbgsf] nflu x'sf{pg /
s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd ;Grfng x'g g;Sg] If]qx?df k|fs[lts k|hgg sfo{sf] nflu ax/ ljt/0f
u/L b]zdf /x]sf] df}h'bf ufO{ e};Lx?df a+z ;'wf/ u/L pTkfbsTj tyf pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ cfjZos
ePsf] x'Fbf lghL, pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lx?;+usf] ;fem]b/Ldf Aoa;flos ?kdf
b'wfn' ufO{ e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd sfo{qmd b]xfo adf]lhd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .

!%= p2]Zox? M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\

1. ufO{ e};Lx?sf] j+zfjnLdf cfwfl/t Ifdtfsf] af/]df ;"rgf ;+sng u/L ufO{ tyf
e}+;Lsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .
2. pTkfbg Ifdtf pRr ePsf ;fF9] tyf /fFufx? pTkfbg u/L k|hgg sfo{sf] nflu
k|of]udf Nofpg] .
!^= sfo{qmdsf] calwM
of] sfo{qmddf ;xsfo{ ug{ ;Ddmf}tf eP kl5 o;sf] cfjZostf /x];Dd jf csf]{ gLlt
gcfP;Dd ;fnj;fnL ?kdf ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
!&= ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/ M lhNnf tyf Sn:6/÷ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df
ul/g]5 .
1. @) j6f jf ;f] eGbf al9 b'wfn' pGgt gZnsf ufO{ e};L Joj;foLs ?kdf
kflnPsf kmfd{x?sf] kof{Kt ;+Vofdf /x]sf] .
2. sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] :yfgx?df ;8s, ;+rf/ / ljh'nL h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf]
;'ljwf ePsf] .
3. afx|} dlxgf xl/of] 3fF;kft, 8fn]3fF;, lkpg] kfgL k|z:t pknAw x'g ;Sg] :yfg .
4. o; sfo{qmd eljiodf ;d]t lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] k|r'/ ;Defjgf ePsf If]qx? .
5. ufO{ e};Lsf] a+z ;'wf/ u/L pTkfbsTj a9fpg] sfo{df nfUg O{R5's s[ifsx? ePsf].

!*= sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;fe]mbf/ 5gf}6 M

3. kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] bkmf !& adf]lhd b'wfn' ufO{e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd
;+rfngsf] nflu lhNnf 5gf}6 ug]{5 .

96
 4. lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{non] b'wfn' ufO{e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug{sf]
nflu k|:tfj cfJXfg ug]{5 .
5. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn]] k|fKt k|:tfjx?sf] d"NofÍg ul/ ;fem]bf/sf]
5gf}6 ug]{5 .
!(= sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] :yfgx? M bkmf !* cg';f/ 5gf}+6 ePsf b]xfosf lhNnfx?sf
Ns:6/x?df csf]{ lg0f{o geP ;Ddsf] nflu o; sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .
j:t'x? k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]q dWodf~rn ljsf; If]q klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q
emfkfsf] dbg :d[lt lrtjg, sf7df8f}+, /
gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL,
ufO{ k|lti7fg, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L bf]nvfsf] k=lj=kmfd{,
sf:sL / tgx'F -$_
/ ;Kt/L -$_ lh/L -#_
gjnk/f;L, slknj:t' /
wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL
e}+;L ;Kt/L -!_ sf:sLsf] k=lj=kmfd{,
/ sfe|] -$_
kf]v/f -#_

@)= ;]jf ;+rfng k|lqmof M o; sfo{qmd jdf]lhdsf] ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ k|s[of b]xfo jdf]lhd
x'g]5 M
1. lhNnf tyf If]qx?sf] 5gf}+6 ubf{ al9 b'w lbg] pGgt tyf a0f{z+s/ ufO{÷e}+;Lsf]
jfx'Notf ePsf] / eljiodf sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf ePsf
:yfg÷Sn:6/x?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ 5gf}+6 ul/g]5 .
2. b'wfn' ufO{e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ cf;kf;sf cGo
s[ifsx?nfO{ klg o; sfo{qmdn] ;d]6\b} hfg]5 .
3. sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu kmfd{x?sf] 5gf}+6 ubf{ jif}{e/L slDtdf @) uf]6f !)
ln6/ eGbf al9 b'w lbg] ufO{x?sf] b'wsf] tYofÍ / e};Lsf] ;Gbe{df t/fO{df jif}{e/L
slDtdf @ uf]6f / kxf8df slDtdf ! uf]6f k|lt lbg % ln6/ eGbf al9 b'w lbg]
e};Lsf] b'wsf] tYofÍ lng ;lsg] kmfd{x?sf] 5gf}+6 ul/g]5 .
4. cf=j= @)^(÷&) jf ;f] eGbf klxn] g} 5gf}+6 e} sfo{qmdx? ;Grfng ePsf
kmfd{x?sf] ;Gbe{df pkbkmf–@ cg';f/sf] ufO{sf] ;+Vof slDtdf !) uf]6f ;Dd
ePsf] kmfd{x?df sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g5 ] eg] !) eGbf sd ;+Vofdf /x]sf
b'wfn' ufO{sf] uf]7nfO{ sfo{qmdaf6 x6fO{g]5 .
5. b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] s[ifssf] kmfd{, If]q tyf lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}+6
qmd; s[ifs:t/, ;ldlt:t/ / lhNnf:t/sf] cfwf/e"t ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
6. gofF 5gf}+6 ePsf ufO{ e};L kmfd{x?sf] nflu cg';"rL–% -u_ cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/L
sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .
7. 5gf}+6 ePsf ufO{ / e};L kmfd{x?sf] tYofÍ /flvg]5 .

97
8. sfo{qmddf ;dfj]; ul/g] cfwf/ ufO{ e};Lx?sf] klxrfg / btf{ ul/g]5 .
9. sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z kz'x?sf] b'w pTkfbg, k|fs[lts tyf s[lqd uef{wfg, JofPsf]
/]s8{, b'wsf] /]s8{, zfl//Ls tf}n, kmfd{af6 x6fO{Psf], cGo kmfd{df ;fl/Psf] / kz'
pkrf/sf] /]s8{x? /flvg]5 .
10. sfo{qmd ;Grfng sfo{lawL cg';"rL–* adf]lhd cg';f/ x'g]5 .
11. sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] :Yfnut lg/LIf0f u/L k|f/lDes
kz'kfng ;a]{If0f ;lxt lhNnf kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] l:js[tLdf ;Grfng ug'{
kg]{5 .
12. sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu 5gf}+6 ePsf ;fe]mbf/ s[ifs÷;+:yfn] cg';'rL–% -u_
adf]lhd lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u cfjZos ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{ 5 .
13. b'wfn' ufO{ e};L gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z x'g rfxg] s[ifsx?n] cfˆgf] kmfd{
;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf btf{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .
14. b'wfn' ufO{e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;Grfng x'g] kz'sf] uf]7 a}1flgs:t/sf]
tyf ;kmf, pHofnf] / xfjfbf/ x'g' kg]{ 5 . kz'sf] uf]7 lgdf{0f ubf{ cg';"rL–!$
cg';f/ x'g'kg]{ .
15. b'wfn' ufO{e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ufO{ e};Lx?df c;n Joj:yfkg
ljwL cg'?k kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf h:t}M l66 l8lkË, k/hLjL lgoGq0f, vf]k cflb k|bfg
ug'{kg]{5 / ;f] sf] ;Dk'0f{ ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
16. b'wfn' ufO{e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/Lg] b'wfn' ufO{ e};Lx?sf]
k|fljlws ;"rs cg';"lr–!# adf]lhd x'g'kg]{5 .
17. sfo{qmd cGtu{t 5gf}+6 ePsf ufO{x?df pRr u'0f:t/sf] k|dfl0ft l;d]gsf] k|of]u
u/L ;f] af6 hGd]sf afR5fx?nfO{ pRr u'0f:t/sf] (Top Bull) ;fF9]sf] ?kdf kfln
b]z leq} lao{ pTkfbgsf] nflu kfNg] .
18. pRr k|hgg u'0f:t/ (High Breeding Value) ePsf ;fF9]x? s[lqd uef{wfgsf]
kx'Fr gePsf] If]qx?df k|fs[lts uef{wfgsf] nflu ljt/0f u/L :yflgo tyf
j0f{z+s/ hftsf ufO{ e};Lx?df k|hgg u/fO{ ltgLx?sf] ;Gtfgsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf
a9fpg] .
19. pRr u'0f:t/sf k|dfl0ft lao{af6 hGd]sf afR5Lx?nfO{ pRr ;Gtfg pTkfbg
(Replacement Heifer) sf] nflu x'sf{pg] .
20. sfo{qmddf ;xeflu s[ifsx?nfO{ k|ljlw lj:tf/sf] nflu Ifdtf clej[4L ug{ tflnd
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
21. kmfd{x?df df};d / cfjZostf cg';f/ lxpFb], aif]{, jx'jif]{3fF; tyf 8fFn] 3fF;
nufPsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .

98
 22. ufO{ tyf e};Lsf] j+zfjnLdf cfwfl/t Ifdtfsf] clen]v (Pedigree Performance
Recording System – PPRS) /flv PPRS sf cfwf/df 5gf}+6 ul/Psf kz'x?nfO{
pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 Nofpg a+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Genetic Improvement) df
;dfj]; ug'{ kb{5 .
23. sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf b'wfn' ufO{x? tyf ltgLx?df pRr u'0f:t/sf] k|dfl0ft
efn]sf] lao{af6 s[lqd uef{wfg u/fO{ hGd]sf afR5fafR5L tyf kf8fkf8Lx?nfO{
6\ofluË ug]{ b'wsf] clen]v lng], ljZn]if0f ug]{ tyf k|ltj]bg k|]if0f ug]{ h:tf
sfo{x? ul/g]5 . oL sfo{qmd cGtu{t cg';"rL–!) cg';f/sf lqmofsnfkx?
;+rfngdf /xg] 5g\ .
24. sfo{qmd ;Grfngdf k|ToIf ;xof]lu O{G;]ldg]6/, 8f6f /]s8{/, k|of]uzfnfsf
k|fljlws, b'Uw Joj:yfkg O{sfO{sf ;xof]uL, lhNnf ;'k/efO{h/, sf]–cl8{g]6/x?nfO{
cg';"rL–!! cg';f/sf] kfl/>lds lbO{ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;Grfng
ul/g]5 .
25. pRr k|hgg u'0f:t/ (High Breeding Value) ePsf ;fF9]x? cg';"rL–!@ adf]lhd
vl/b u/L s[lqd uef{wfgsf] kx'Fr gePsf] If]qx?df k|fs[lts uef{wfgsf] nflu
ljt/0f u/Lg]5 .
26. o; sfo{qmd;+u cfj4 ;fem]bf/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|fljlws Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{
nlug]5 .

kl/R5]b $
sfo{qmd ;Grfngdf kl/kf]if0f
@!= sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0fM sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0f k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd u/fpg' kg]{5 / ;f] sf]
k|ltj]bg ;DjlGwt lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
@@= cg'udg tyf k[i7kf]if0f M sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pj+ k|efjsf/Ltfsf] nflu s[lif ljsf;
dGqfno, kz' ;]jf ljefu nufot ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] ;]jf ;~rfngsf]
cg';"rL–^ sf] kmd]6{ cg';f/ cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k[i7kf]if0f kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf
lbg]5 .
@#= tflnd tyf uf]i7Lsf] ;~rfng M :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo, lhNnf / ufpF jf
gu/:tl/o uf]i7L jf tflnddf k]z x'g] sfo{kq / uf]i7Lsf] nflu cfjZos jh]6 tyf
ef}lts ;fdfu|Lsf] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[t dfkb08 jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
@$= sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf M df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] tyf pTkfbglzn
yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu cg';"rL–( -s_ / b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/
sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu cg';"rL–( -v_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd ljleGg lgsfox?sf]
e"ldsf tyf bfloTj x'g]5 / To:tf] bfloTj k"/f ug'{ ;DjlGwt ;j}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

99
 cg";'rL–!
-bkmf–^=@ / !@=@ ;+u ;DalGwt_
df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu b/vf:t cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf
o; sfof{nosf] cf=j=@)=====÷====== sf] jflif{s l:js[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f
x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/L df;'sf] dfunfO{ ;xh cfk"lt{ ug{ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k
lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+usf]
;xsfo{df slDtdf !)) uf]6f Dff;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug{sf]
nflu==========================lhNnfdf j;f]jf; u/]sf lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷
:yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf]
5 . O{R5's lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3
;+:yfx?n] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg';f/sf]
cfj]bg kmf/d / kl/of]hgf k|:tfj o; sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ xf]nf . lj:t[t hfgsfl/sf nflu
;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu b/vf:t cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf
o; sfof{nosf] cf=j=@)=====÷====== sf] jflif{s l:js[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ pTkfbglzn yf/f
e};Lx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ / pGgt gZnsf b'wfn' e};Lx?sf] e/kbf]{ >f]tsf] ?kdf :yflkt u/L b'w
tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] dfunfO{ ;xh cfk"lt{ ug{ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k lghL pBdL,
sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df slDtdf
%) uf]6f pTkfbgzLn yf/f e};L ;+/If0fsf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug{sf]
nflu==========================lhNnfdf btf{ ePsf lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo
lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
O{R5's lghL pBdL, sDkgL, ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] of]
;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d /
kl/of]hgf k|:tfj ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ xf]nf . lj:t[t hfgsfl/sf nflu
;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? ;+nUg ug{ ;d]t o;} ;"rgfåf/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .
1. cg";"rL–@ cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d
2. cg";"rL–# cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
3. g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
4. ;+:yf;+u cfj4 ;b:ox?n] k|fKt u/]sf] cGo k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf, cflb_ sf
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkLx?
5. lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yf
;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
6. sfo{qmdsf] nflu 5gf}+6 ePdf lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf ;b:ox?af6 sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk

100
 cg";'rL–@
-bkmf–^=# / !@=@ ;+u ;DalGwt_
df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg–kqsf] kmf/d
>Ldfg k|d'v Ho",
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ==================
ljifo M u'0f:t/Lo df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu 5gf}6 x'g kfpF eGg] af/].
dxf]bo,
To; sfof{nosf] ldlt ============================ sf] ================================klqsfdf k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/
================================================================== lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo
lgsfo÷u}/ lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsfsf]
tkm{jf6 ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df slDtdf !)) uf]6f :j:y kf8fx? x'sf{O{ df;' pTkfbg ug{ / sfo{qmd
;Grfng ePsf] ! jif{ b]lv df;' Joj;foLx?nfO{ df;'sf] nflu slDtdf klg k|lt jif{ !)) uf]6f :j:y
kf8fx? pknAw u/fpg æu'0f:t/Lo df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd Æ ;Grfng ug]{ lta|
O{R5f ePsf]n] tkl;n cg'';f/sf sfuhft /fvL of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f}+ . pQm sfo{qmd k|fKt ePdf o;
;DaGwL ;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08df pNn]v eP cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug]{5f}+ / o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu
ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08 ljkl/t u/]sf] kfOPdf ljBdfg sfg'g adf]lhd sfo{jfxLsf] efu]bf/L x'g
d~h'/ /x]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg–kqsf] kmf/d
>Ldfg k|d'v Ho",
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ========================
ljifo M pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu 5gf}6 x'g kfpF eGg] af/] .
dxf]bo,
To; sfof{nosf] ldlt ============================ sf] ================================klqsfdf k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/
================================================================== lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo
lgsfo÷u}/ lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsfsf]
tkm{jf6 ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df slDtdf %) uf]6f pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx? ;+/If0f ug{ / sfo{qmd
;Grfng ePsf] ! jif{ b]lv cGo Joj;foLs s[ifsx?nfO{ slDtdf klg k|lt jif{ %) uf]6f b'x'gf e};L
pknAw u/fpg æpTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmdÆ ;Grfng ug]{ lta| O{R5f ePsf]n] tkl;n
cg'';f/sf sfuhft /fvL of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f} . pQm sfo{qmd k|fKt ePdf o; ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf tyf
dfkb08df pNn]v eP cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug]{5f}+ . o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf tyf
dfkb08 ljkl/t u/]sf] kfOPdf ljBdfg sfg'g adf]lhd sfo{jfxLsf] efu]bf/L x'g d~h'/ /x]sf] Joxf]/f
;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

k'gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? o;} lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg /fv]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w
ub{5' .

tkl;n
1. cg";"rL–# cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf

101
2. g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
3. lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yf ;DjlGwt
lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
4. ;+:yf;+u cfj4 ;b:ox?n] k|fKt u/]sf] cGo k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf, cflb_ sf
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkLx?
5. ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 sfo{qmd ;Grfng ;DaGwL ePsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
6. lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf ;b:ox?af6
sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk

lgj]bg lbg] ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 lbg]

;+:yfsf] k|d'vsf] gfd M
;:yf k|d'vsf] b:tvt M
;+:yf k|d'vsf] kb M
;+:yfsf] 7]ufgf M
ldlt M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

102
 cg";'rL–# -s_
-bkmf–^=# ;+u ;DalGwt_

df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
:yflgo lgsfo÷;+:yfsf] gfd M ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g gDj/M
;+:yfsf] 7]ufgfM lhNnf M uf=lj=;= M j8f g+= M ufp+÷6f]nsf] gfd M
;+/If0f s]Gb| / sfof{no /fVg] :yfgM–
;DalGwt ks]6 If]qdf ePsf] e};Lsf] tYof+ÍM

e}+;L ;+Vof hDdf

l;=
s[ifssf] gfd y/ 7]ufgf kz' s}lkmot
g+= pGgt kf8fkf8L ;+Vof
:yflgo
-d'/f{_ pTkfbg ;+Vof

;+:yfbtf{ sf] k|df0f–kq g+= / ;+:yf btf{ ug]{ sfof{nosf] gfd 7]ufgf M
;+:yfn] xfn ;Dd u/]sf pNn]vlgo sfdx? M

df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb| ljsf; sf]ifsf] vftf ;+rfng ul/g] a}+ssf] gfd / vftfjfnfx?sf]
gfdM–

sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|:tfjgf M ========================================================================

======================================================================================================

kmfd{sf] p2]Zox?M
-s_
-v_

kmfd{ nIoM
-s_
-v_

103
/sdsf] cfjZostfM
===== j6f df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmdsf] nflu klxnf] jif{ vr{ x'g] z'?sf] /sd
k'Flhut vr{ ?= rfn' vr{ ?= hDdf vr{ ?= s}lkmot

kmfd{ ;DaGwL ljZn]i0fsf kl/sNkgfx? (Assumptions)

s _ k|fljlws pTkfbg kl/sNkgfx?
!= kf8fx?sf] hft M
@= kf8fx?sf] zf/Ll/s tf}n – ==========s]hL
#= kf8fx?sf] d[To' b/ M====== k|ltzt
%= cfxf/f -zf/Ll/s tf}nsf] @=% k|ltzt ;'Vvf kbfy{sf] lx;fj cg';f/_
s_ bfgf vr{ k|lt kf8f k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
v_ k/fn vr{ k|lt kf8f k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
u_ xl/of] 3fF; -@) k|ltzt z'Vvf kbfy{ ePsf]_ k|lt kf8f k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
3_ ldg/n ldS:r/ k|lt kf8f k|lt lbg M– ==== u|fd
^= 3fF; v]lt ug{ k|lt kz'sf] nflu cfjZos hldg M =========== sÝf÷/f]klg
&= uf]a/ dn pTkfbg M ========== 6g
*= k|lt kz'sf] nflu cfjZos uf]7sf] If]qkmn M ===== ju{ lkm6
v_ ljlQo kl/sNkgfx?
!= hUuf ef8fdf lnbf k|lt /f]klg k|lt jif{M ? ===========÷–
@= k|lt ju{ lkm6uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ – ?= =========÷–
#= k|lt :j:y kf8f v/Lb d"No b/ – ?= =================÷–
%= cfxf/fsf] d'No M–
s_ bfgf – ?= ========÷– k|lt s]hL
v_ k/fn – ?= ======÷– k|lt s]hL
u_ 3fF; – ?= =======÷– k|lt s]hL
^= uf]a/ dn lalqm b/ k|lt s]hL – ?= =====÷–
&= klxnf] jif{ nufgL ePsf] k"FhLut / rfn' vr{sf] C0fsf] Jofhb/ M ====== k|ltzt k|ltaif{
*= bf]>f] jif{b]lv x'g] rfn' vr{ kmfd{sf] pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 ul/g] .
(= kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb|sf] nflu lgld{t uf]7, :6f]/ dnvftsf] cfo' ====== jif{ / d]l;g/L pks/0f,
kflg ljt/0f k|0ffnL tyf kmfd{sf] ljljw pks/0fx?sf] ======== jif{sf] cfo' x'g] x'Fbf ;f]xL
cg';f/ o; kl/of]hgfdf d'Nox|f; -Depreciation Cost_ ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
!)= cf}iflw, vgLh tyf EoflS;gsf] nflu k|lt kz' ?= ==========÷– vr{ x'g] .
!!= ! hgf sfdbf/af6 ==== uf]6f kf8fx?sf] x]/rfx ug{ ;lsg] k|lt sfdbf/ k|lt dlxgf ?=
==========÷–
!@= kf8fx? x'sL{P kl5 lalqm ul/g] d'No k|lt kf8f ?= =================÷–
!#= kmfd{df x'sf{O{g] hDdf kf8fx?sf] ;+Vof M ======= uf]6f

104
s_ z'?sf] k"FhLut nufgL M
s|=;+ ljj/0f OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ ? /sd ?
1 :j:y / 3fF; bfgf kflgdf lge{/ /xg ;Sg] kf8fx? vl/b ;+Vof
2 ===== uf]6f kf8fx?sf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ ju{lkm6
3 la/fdL kz' 3/ -@ kz'sf] nflu_ ju{lkm6
4 dnvft lgdf{0f ;+Vof
5 bfgf tyf pks/0f :6f]/ ju{lkm6
6 clkm;, l8:k]G;/L, cflb k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ju{lkm6
7 ljB'lto Rofks6/ ;]6
8
kz'n] lkpg] kflgsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL -af]l/Ë, kfO{k, wf/f,
;+Vof
kflg 6\ofÍL, kfgL tfGg] df]6/, O{gf/, cflb_
9 ljljw pks/0fsf] vr{ k|lt ufO{
hDdf k'+lhut vr{

v_ l:y/ vr{ -k|lt jif{_ M–

s| ;+ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf
kf8f vl/b afx]s k'Flhut vr{sf]
!=
x|f; sl§
@ C0fsf] Jofh
# hUufsf] ef8f
$ cGo =====

u_ rfn' vr{ -k|lt jif{_ M–

s| ;+ ljj/0f b/ klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{
1 bfgf vr{ ?====÷– k|lt s]hL
2 3fF; pTkfbg vr{ ?= ===÷–k|lt s]hL
3 k/fn vr{ ?====÷– k|lt s]hL
4
8«]lGrË, EofS;Lg];g, k|lt kz' k|lt jif{
cf}iflw pkrf/, cflb vr{ ?= ===÷–
5 >lds vr{ ?= ==÷– k|lt dlxgf
6 ljljw vr{{ k|lt jif{ ====÷–
s'n rfn' /sd vr{

3_ l:y/ vr{ / rfn' vr{sf] hDdf -k|lt jif{_ M–

s| ;+ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf

105
kl/of]hgfsf] ck]lIft jflif{s cfDbfgL M
s= ======= uf]6f x's]{sf kf8fx? lalqmaf6 ?==============÷
v= ======= 6g uf]a/ dn lalqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
u= cGo lalqmaf6 ?= ===================÷–
kl/of]hgf cjlwsf] ck]lIft s'n cfDbfgL -% jif{sf]_
s= ======= uf]6f x's]{sf kf8fx? lalqmaf6 ?==============÷
v= ======= 6g uf]a/ dn lalqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
u= cGo lalqmaf6 ?= ===================÷–

cfo Joo vr{ ljj/0f

s|= ;+= cfo Joo vr{ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf]+yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf
! s'n cfo ?
@ s'n vr{ ?
# v'b gfkmf ?

kmfd{sf] pknAwLx? M
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=

lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] tkm{ jf6

;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

106
 cg";'rL–# -v_
-bkmf–!@=@ ;+u ;DalGwt_
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
:yflgo lgsfo÷;+:yfsf] gfd M ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{ JolQmsf] gfd M
;+:yfsf] ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g gDj/M
;+:yfsf] 7]ufgfM lhNnf M uf=lj=;= M j8f g+= M ufp+÷6f]nsf] gfd M
;+/If0f s]Gb| / sfof{no /fVg] :yfgM–
;DalGwt ks]6 If]qdf ePsf] e};Lsf] tYof+ÍM
e}+;L ;+Vof
hDdf kz'
l;=g+= s[ifssf] gfd y/ 7]ufgf s}lkmot
:yflgo pGgt -d'/f{_ ;+Vof

;+:yfbtf{ sf] k|df0f–kq g+= / ;+:yf btf{ ug]{ sfof{nosf] gfd 7]ufgf M
;+:yfn] xfn ;Dd u/]sf pNn]vlgo sfdx? M ======================================================================
===================================================================================================================================
===========================================================================================

pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| lasf; sf]ifsf] vftf ;+rfng ul/g] a}+ssf] gfd /
vftfjfnfx?sf] gfdM–

sfo{of]hgfsf] k|:tfjgf ============================================================

M
=====================================================================================================
=====================================================================================================
kmfd{sf] p2]Zox?M
-s_ ============
-v_ ==============

kmfd{ nIoM
-s_ ===============
-v_ ==============

107
/sdsf] cfjZostfM
===== j6f pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0fsf] nflu klxnf] jif{ vr{ x'g] z'?sf] /sd
k'Flhut vr{ ?= rfn' vr{ ?= hDdf vr{ ?= s}lkmot

kmfd{ ;DaGwL ljZn]i0fsf kl/sNkgfx? (Assumptions)

s _ k|fljlws pTkfbg kl/sNkgfx?
!= e};Lsf] hft M
@= pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lsf] zf/Ll/s tf}n – ==========s]hL
#= k|lt e};L ;/b/ b}lgs b'w pTkfbg – ======= ln6/
$= d[To' b/M–
s_ kf8fkf8L – ====== k|ltzt
v_ dfpF – @ k|ltzt
%= cfxf/f -zf/Ll/s tf}nsf] @=% k|ltzt ;'Vvf kbfy{sf] lx;fj cg';f/_
s_ bfgf vr{ k|lt pTkfbglzn yf/f tyf Jofpg] e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
v_ k/fn vr{ k|lt pTkfbglzn yf/f tyf Jofpg] e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
u_ xl/of] 3fF; -@) k|ltzt z'Vvf kbfy{ ePsf]_ k|lt e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== s]hL
3_ ldg/n ldS:r/ k|lt pTkfbglzn yf/f tyf Jofpg] e};Lsf] nflu k|lt lbg M– ==== u|fd
^= 3fF; v]lt ug{ k|lt kz'sf] nflu cfjZos hldg M =========== sÝf÷/f]klg
&= uf]a/ dn pTkfbg M ========== 6g
*= k|lt kz'sf] nflu cfjZos uf]7sf] If]qkmn M ===== ju{ lkm6
v_ ljlQo kl/sNkgfx?
!= hUuf ef8fdf lnbf k|lt /f]klg k|lt jif{M ? ===========÷–
@= k|lt ju{ lkm6uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ – ?= =========÷–
#= k|lt pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L v/Lb d"No b/ – ?= =================÷–
%= cfxf/fsf] d'No M–
s_ bfgf – ?= ========÷– k|lt s]hL
v_ k/fn – ?= ======÷– k|lt s]hL
u_ 3fF; – ?= =======÷– k|lt s]hL
^= uf]a/ dn lalqm b/ k|lt s]hL – ?= =====÷–
&= s[lqd uef{wfg vr{ k|lt kz' – ?= ==========÷–
*= klxnf] jif{ nufgL ePsf] k"FhLut / rfn' vr{sf] C0fsf] Jofhb/ M ====== k|ltzt k|ltaif{
(= bf]>f] jif{b]lv x'g] rfn' vr{ kmfd{sf] pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 ul/g] .
!)= pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0fsf] nflu lgld{t uf]7, :6f]/ dnvftsf] cfo' ====== jif{ / d]l;g/L
pks/0f, kflg ljt/0f k|0ffnL tyf kmfd{sf] ljljw pks/0fx?sf] ======== jif{sf] cfo' x'g] x'Fbf
;f]xL cg';f/ o; kl/of]hgfdf d'Nox|f; (Depreciation Cost) ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
!$= cf}iflw, vgLh tyf EoflS;gsf] nflu k|lt kz' ?= ==========÷– vr{ x'g] .
!%= ! hgf sfdbf/af6 ==== uf]6f kz'sf] x]/rfx ug{ ;lsg] k|lt sfdbf/ k|lt dlxgf ?=
==========÷–
!^= pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L b'x'gf eP kl5 lalqm ul/g] d'No k|lt b'x'gf e};L ?= =================÷–
!&= kmfd{df ;+/If0f ul/g] hDdf pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lsf] ;+Vof M ======= uf]6f

108
s_ z'?sf] k"FhLut nufgL M
s|=;+ ljj/0f OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ ? /sd ?
1 pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L vl/b ;+Vof
2 ===== uf]6f pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lsf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ ju{lkm6
3 e};L Jofpg] uf]7 lgdf{0f -@ uf]6f e};Lsf] nflu_ ju{lkm6
4 hGd]sf kf8fkf8Lsf] nflu uf]7 lgdf{0f vr{ ju{lkm6
5 la/fdL kz' 3/ -@ kz'sf] nflu_ ju{lkm6
6 6«]lah lgdf{0f ;+Vof
7 dnvft lgdf{0f ;+Vof
8 bfgf tyf pks/0f :6f]/ ju{lkm6
9 clkm;, l8:k]G;/L, cflb k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ju{lkm6
10 ljB'lto Rofks6/ ;]6
11 kz'n] lkpg] kflgsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL -af]l/Ë, kfO{k, wf/f, ;+Vof
kflg 6\ofÍL, kfgL tfGg] df]6/, O{gf/, cflb_
12 ljljw pks/0fsf] vr{ k|lt ufO{
hDdf k'+lhut vr{

v_ l:y/ vr{ -k|lt jif{_ M–

s| ;+ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf
!= pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L vl/b afx]s
cGo k'Flhut vr{sf] x|f; sl§
@ C0fsf] Jofh
# hUufsf] ef8f
$ cGo =====

u_ rfn' vr{ -k|lt jif{_ M–

s| ;+ ljj/0f b/ klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf}yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{
1 bfgf vr{ ?====÷– k|lt s]hL
2 3fF; pTkfbg vr{ ?= ===÷–k|lt s]hL
3 k/fn vr{ ?====÷– k|lt s]hL
4 8«]lGrË, EofS;Lg];g, k|lt kz' k|lt jif{
cf}iflw pkrf/, cflb vr{ ?= ======÷–
5 >lds vr{ ?= ==========÷–
k|lt dlxgf
6 ljljw vr{{ k|lt jif{ =======÷–
s'n rfn' /sd vr{

kl/of]hgfsf] ck]lIft jflif{s cfDbfgL M

s= ====== uf]6f b'x'gf e};L lalqmaf6 ?==============÷
v= ====== ln6/ b'w ljlqmaf6 ?= ================ ÷–

109
u= ====== 6g uf]a/ dn lalqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
3= ====== uf]6f kf8f lalqmaf6 ?= ================ ÷–
ª = cGo lalqmaf6 ?= ===================÷–
kl/of]hgf cjlwsf] ck]lIft s'n cfDbfgL -% jif{sf]_
s= ====== uf]6f b'x'gf e};L lalqmaf6 ?==============÷
v= ====== ln6/ b'w ljlqmaf6 ?= ================ ÷–
u= ====== 6g uf]a/ dn lalqmaf6 ?= =============÷–
3= ====== uf]6f kf8f lalqmaf6 ?= ================ ÷–
ª = cGo lalqmaf6 ?= ===================÷–

cfo Joo vr{ ljj/0f

s|= ;+= cfo Joo vr{ ljj/0f klxnf] jif{ bf];|f] jif{ t];|f] jif{ rf]+yf] jif{ kfFrf} jif{ hDdf
! s'n cfo ?
@ s'n vr{ ?
# v'b gfkmf ?

kmfd{sf] pknAwLx? M

lghL pBdL÷sDkgL÷;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷:yfgLo lgsfo÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] tkm{ jf6

;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

110
 cg';"rL–$ -s_
-bkmf–^=% ;+u ;DalGwt_
df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfO{g] d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x?
sfo{ Joj;fosf] cg'ej÷ cfkm}n] kf8fx? ;+sng u/L 3fF; ljsf; u/]sf] jf ljsf;
qm= s'n k|fKtf+s
b=g+= cfj]bs ;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf of]hgf ;DefJotf÷pko'Qmtf tflnd x'sf{O{ /x]sf] ;+Vof ul/g] hUufsf] If]qkmn s}lkmot
;+= -!))_
-@%_ -@%_ -!)_ -!%_ -@%_

5gf}6 ;ldlt -lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bn_sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] M

gfd y/ M kb M sfof{no÷7]ufgf b:tvt
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
(

111
 cg';"rL–$ -v_
-bkmf–!@=@ ;+u ;DalGwt_
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfO{g] d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x?
Joj;fosf] cfkm}n] pTkfbglzn 3fF; ljsf; u/]sf]
sfo{ cg'ej÷ s'n
;DefJotf÷ yf/f e};L ;+sng u/L jf ljsf; ul/g]
qm=;+= b=g+= cfj]bs ;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf of]hgf tflnd k|fKtf+s s}lkmot
pko'Qmtf ;+/If0f ul/ /x]sf] ;+Vof hUufsf] If]qkmn
-@%_ -!)_ -!))_
-@%_ -!%_ -@%_

5gf}6 ;ldlt -lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bn_sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] M

gfd y/ M kb M sfof{no÷7]ufgf b:tvt
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
(

112
 cg';'rL–% -s_
-bkmf–*=! ;Fu ;DalGwt_
df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmdsf] nflu ;Demf}tf kqsf] gd'gf
s]Gb|Lo ufO{÷e};L k|j4{g sfof{no xl/x/ejgsf] k|fljlws g]t[Tjdf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, =============
åf/f ;+rfng ul/g] ædf;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmdÆ sf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf] pknAwL xfl;n
ug{ lh=k=;]=sf,====================-o; kl5 klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / ==========================================================
pBdL÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷sDkgL÷lghL pBdL |========================================= -o; kl5 bf];|f] kIf
elgg]_ lar tkl;ndf pNn]lvt zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL u'0f:t/Lo df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg]
s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;+rfng ug{ låkIfLo ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
1. u'0f:t/Lo df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb|df cfj4 s[ifs ;b:ox?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf ;d"x÷;ldltsf]
;b:o eO{ nlIft sfo{qmd cg';f/ sDtLdf klg !) ;b:o ePsf] ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfdf k|lt ;b:o sDtLdf
klg !) uf]6f kf8fx?sf] b/n] slDtdf !)) uf]6f kf8fx? lg/Gt/ x'sf{pg' kg]{ 5 . x's]{sf kf8fx? ljlqm
ubf{ lalqm k"j{ slDtdf klg Tolt g} ;+Vofdf gofF x'sf{pg] kf8fx? /flv x's]{sf kf8fx? ljlqm ug'{
kg]{5 .
2. bf]>f] kIfn] kfng u/]sf] kf8fx?sf] ljdf ug'{ kg]{ 5 / s]Gb|df kf8fx?sf] ;+Vof x/]s jif{ a9fpFb}
n}hfg' kg]{5 .
3. bf]>f] kIfn] x/]s jif{ cfˆgf] s]Gb|df /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df
cfjZos kg]{ sfo{qmd tyf ah]6x? th'{df u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf]
nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
4. bf]>f] kIfn] bkmf & adf]lhd ul7t df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf]
gfddf ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o ;lrjsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIff/af6 sf/f]af/ x'g] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6
l:js[t k|fKt glhssf] afl0fHo a}+Ídf vftf vf]ln lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 :jLs[t
sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu cfjZos /sd dWo] slDtdf @% k|ltzt /sd hDdf u/]sf] lg:;f k|df0f
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z u/]sf] cfwf/df dfq k|yd kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ cg'bfg pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
5. k|yd kIfn] a'Fbf g+= $ adf]lhd a}+Í vftfsf hDdf u/]sf] /sdsf] ;Ssn} lg:;f k|df0f ;lxt k]; x'g
cfPsf] v08df lhNnfdf ljlgof]lht ah]6af6 sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ k|ult x]l/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu cg'bfg /sd ls:tfaGbL :j?k jf k'/f /sd vftfdf hDdf ul/ lbg]5 .
6. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] bf]>f] jif{ b]lv x/]s jif{ slDtdf *% uf]6f :j:y kf8fx? df;'sf] nflu
lalqm ljt/0f ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
7. bf]>f] kIfn] df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] sfo{qmd lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[l9s/0f ug{ C0fsf]
cfjZostf dx;''; u/]df k|yd kIfn] ;f] ;DaGwL ;xhLs/0fsf] nflu ljlQo ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo
u/fpg] 5 .
8. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6df bf]>f] kIfn] s]Gb|af6 d'0f:t/Lo df;'sf]
nflu x''sf{O{Psf] kf8fx? df;'sf] nflu ljqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg{] 5 . bf]>f] kIfn] gofF kf8fx? vl/b
ubf{ tyf x'sfO{Psf kf8fx? df;'sf] nflu lalqm ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf klxnf] kIfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
9. k|yd kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ æc;n Joj:yfkg ljlwÆ adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L al9df % jif{ ;Dd ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
10. bf]>f] kIfn] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg'?k sfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfq vr{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 / ;f] sf]
cBfjlws k|ult tof/ u/L x/]s dlxgf k|yd kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
11. bf]>f] kIfn] kf8fkfng Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ul/g] ;Dk'0f{ sfo{x?sf] clen]v ljj/0f /fvL cBfjlws
ul//xg' kg]{ 5 .

113
12. klxnf] kIfn] ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs gkfPdf t]flsPsf] cjlw;Dd sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg afWo x'g] 5}g .
13. klxnf] kIfsf] sfo{qmd cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 klg bf];|f] kIfn] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ 5 .
14. bf]>f] kIfn] o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08 ljkl/t u/]sf] kfOPdf ljBdfg
sfg'g adf]lhd sfo{jfxLsf] efu]bf/L x'g' kg]{ 5 .

k|yd kIf bf]>f]] kIf

lh=k=;]= sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lxug]{sf] cWoIfsf]
gfd M gfd M
kbM 7]ufgfM
b:tvtM b:tvt M
ldltM ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7f 5fk
/f]xa/ /f]xa/
of]hgf zfvf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ufp+ lasf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{no
b|i6Ao M lh=k=;]=sf n] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]lv zt{x?df yk ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

114
 cg';'rL–% -v_
-bkmf !$=! ;Fu ;DalGwt_
pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ;Demf}tf kqsf] gd'gf
s]Gb|Lo ufO{÷e};L k|j4{g sfof{no xl/x/ejgsf] k|fljlws g]t[Tjdf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ============= åf/f
;+rfng ul/g] æpTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmdÆ sf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf] pknAwL xfl;n ug{
lh=k=;]=sf, =============================-o; kl5 klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / ==============================================p2dL÷ ;d'x÷
;ldlt÷ ;xsf/L÷ sDkgL÷ lghL pBdL |========================================= -o; kl5 bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ lar
tkl;ndf pNn]lvt zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;+rfng ug{ låkIfLo
;Demf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
1. pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmddf cfj4 s[ifs ;b:ox?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf ;d"x÷;ldltsf] ;b:o
eO{ nlIft sfo{qmd cg';f/ sDtLdf klg !) ;b:o ePsf] Pp6f ;d'x÷;ldltdf jf ;xsf/Ldf k|lt ;b:o
sDtLdf klg % uf]6f u/L hDdf slDtdf %) uf]6f jf lglh pBdL÷sDkgL÷;+3÷;+:yfn] slDtdf %) uf]6f
pTkfbglzn yf/f e}+;L kfng u/L afnL nufO{ b'x'gf eP kl5 cGo e};Lkfng Joj;fo ug{ rfxg]
s[ifsx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
2. bf]>f] kIfn] kfng u/]sf] e};Lx?sf] ljdf ug'{ kg]{ 5 / ;+/If0f s]Gb|df e};Lx?sf] ;+Vof x/]s jif{ slDtdf !)
k|ltztn] a9fpFb} n}hfg' kg]{5 .
3. bf]>f] kIfn] x/]s jif{ cfˆgf] ;+/If0f s]Gb|df /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df
cfjZos kg]{ sfo{qmd tyf ah]6x? th'{df u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
4. bf]>f] kIfn] bkmf !^ adf]lhd ul7t df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f s]Gb| ;+rfns
;ldltsf] gfddf ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o ;lrjsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIff/af6 sf/f]af/ x'g] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6
l:js[t k|fKt glhssf] afl0fHo a}+Ídf vftf vf]ln lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 :jLs[t sfo{qmd
;Grfngsf] nflu cfjZos /sd dWo] slDtdf @% k|ltzt /sd hDdf u/]sf] lg:;f k|df0f lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{nodf k]z u/]sf] cfwf/df dfq k|yd kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg]5 .
5. k|yd kIfn] bkmf a'Fbf g+= $ adf]lhd a}+Í vftfsf hDdf u/]sf] /sdsf] ;Ssn} lg:;f k|df0f ;lxt k]; x'g
cfPsf] v08df lhNnfdf ljlgof]lht ah]6af6 sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ k|ult x]l/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu
cg'bfg /sd ls:tfaGbL :j?k jf k'/f /sd vftfdf hDdf ul/ lbg]5 .
6. bf]>f] kIfn] k|fKt cg'bfg /sdaf6 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, d]l;g/L cf}hf/ Pj+ l6sfp x'g] ;fdfu|Lx?sf] nflu
vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
7. b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltdf :yfgLo jf glhssf lhNnfx?sf] dfu adf]lhd jf k|fljlws cfwf/df l;kmfl/; ePsf
gZnsf pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lsf] ;+/If0f s]Gb| :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ 5 .
8. bf]>f] kIfn] sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] bf]>f] jif{ b]lv x/]s jif{ slDtdf #% uf]6f b'wfn' e};L cGo Joj;foLs
e};Lkfns s[ifsx?nfO{ lalqm ljt/0f ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
9. bf]>f] kIfn] pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmd lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[l9s/0f ug{ C0fsf] cfjZostf dx;'';
u/]df k|yd kIfn] ;f] ;DaGwL ;xhLs/0fsf] nflu ljlQo ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/fpg] 5 .
10. bf]>f] kIfn] pTkfbglzn yf/f e};Lx? vl/b ubf{ tyf b'x'gf e};L laqmL ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf klxnf] kIfnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
11. k|yd kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ æc;n Joj:yfkg ljlwÆ adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L al9df % jif{ ;Dd ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
12. bf]>f] kIfn] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg'?k sfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfq vr{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 / ;f] sf] cBfjlws
k|ult tof/ u/L x/]s dlxgf k|yd kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

115
13. bf]>f] kIfn] e};Lkfng Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ul/g] ;Dk'0f{ sfo{x?sf] clen]v ljj/0f cg';"rL–* adf]lhd
/fvL cBfjlws ul//xg' kg]{ 5 .
14. klxnf] kIfn] ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs gkfPdf tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg afWo
x'g] 5}g .
15. klxnf] kIfsf] sfo{qmd cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 klg bf];|f] kIfn] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ 5 .
16. bf]>f] kIfn] o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf tyf dfkb08 ljkl/t u/]sf] kfOPdf ljBdfg sfg'g
adf]lhd sfo{jfxLsf] efu]bf/L x'g' kg]{ 5 .
k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf
lh=k=;]= sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lxug]{sf] cWoIfsf]
gfd M gfd M
kbM 7]ufgfM
b:tvtM b:tvt M
ldltM ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7f 5fk
/f]xa/ /f]xa/
of]hgf zfvf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ufp+ lasf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no

b|i6Ao M lh=k=;]=sf n] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]lv zt{x?df yk ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

116
 cg';'rL–%-u_
-bkmf @)=!@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] nflu ;Demf}tf kqsf] gd'gf
s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e};L k|j4{g sfof{no xl/x/ejgsf] k|fljlws g]t[Tjdf / lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no,
============= åf/f ;+rfng ul/g] b'wfn' ufO{÷e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf] pknAwL
xfl;n ug{ lh=k=;]=sf, ============================== -o; kl5 klxnf] kIf elgg]_ /
============================================== p2dL÷ s[ifs÷ ;d'x÷ ;ldlt÷ ;xsf/L÷ ;+3÷ ;+:yf
========================================= -o; kl5 bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ jLr tk;Lndf pNn]lvt zt{x?sf]
clwgdf /xL pGgt ufO{ e};L >f]ts]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;+rfng ug{ låkIfLo ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
17. bf]>f] kIfn] clgjfo{ ?kdf slDtdf @) uf]6f pTkfbglzn pGgt b'wfn' ufO{÷ e};L kfn]sf] x'g'
kg]{ 5 .
18. klxnf] kIfaf6 æb'wfn' ufO{ ÷ e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf ,@)&)Æ df
pNn]v eP cg';f/ uf]7 ;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg, cfjZos pks/0f tyf ;fdu|L / k|fljlws
;]jf bf]>f] kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
19. bf]>f] kIfsf] kz'sf] uf]7 a}1flgs:t/sf] tyf ;kmf / xfjfbf/ x'g' kg]{ 5 . o:tf uf]7x?sf]
uf]a/ Joj:yfkg :jR5 t/Lsfsf] x'g'kg]{ / uf]a/ Uof; pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg' kg]{ / sDkf]i6 dn
pTkfbgdf ;d]t cEof; ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
20. bf]>f] kIfn] cfˆgf] b'wfn' kz'x?df b'w b'x'g' cuf8L / b'w b'x] kl5 clgafo{ ?kn] l66 l8lkË
ug'{ kg]{ .
21. bf]>f] kIfn] cfˆgf] kmfd{df /x]sf] ;Dk'0f{ kz'x?df ^÷^ dlxgfdf vf]/]t, Pr=P;= tyf la=So'=sf]
vf]k nufpg' kg]{5 .
22. bf]>f] kIfn] cfˆgf] kz'x?df cf}iflw u/]sf] jf vf]k nufPsf] ;Dk'0f{ ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg' kg]{ 5 .
23. bf]>f] kIfn] cfˆgf] kmfd{df l;hg / cfjZostf cg';f/ 3fF; tyf 8fFn] 3fF; nufPsf] x'g' kg]{
5 . x] / ;fOn]h k|lalw pkof]u u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
24. bf]>f] kIfn] ufO{ ÷e};Lsf] j+zfjnLdf cfwfl/t Ifdtfsf] clen]v (Pedigree Performance
Recording System – PPRS) sf] nflu klxnf] kIfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .
25. bf]>f] kIfn] ufO{÷e};Ldf o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n Anssf] pkof]u u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ ;fy} nfe
nfut lgsfNg] ug'{k5{ . ;fy} qmlds ?kdf 6f]6n ldS;8 /f;gsf] pkof]u ub}{ hfg' k5{ .
26. klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfsf] ufO{÷ e}+;Lsf] 6\ofluË ug]{, b'wsf] clen]v lng], ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{
ul/g]5 .
27. bf]>f] kIfn] kz'x? vl/b tyf lalqm ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf klxnf] kIfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ vl/b
lalqm ug]{5 .
28. bf]>f] kIfn] kfng u/LPsf b'wfn' ufO{÷e};LnfO{ lgoldt bfgfkfgL, uf]7, ;/;kmfO{, cf}ifwL
pkrf/ h:tf sfo{x?df ljz]if Wofg lbO{ kz'x?nfO{ :j:y tyf tGb'?:tL /fVg' kg]{ 5 .

117
29. klxnf] kIfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] bf];|f] kIfn] b'?kof]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
30. ;+emf}tf cg';f/ sfo{ ubf{ eljtJodf kl/ gf]S;fg ePdf klxnf] kIf lhDd]jf/ /xg] 5}g . ;f]
kmfd{df /x]sf] kz'wgsf] ;+/If0f sfo{sf] nflu ;Dej eP ;Dd kz' ljdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug'{kg]{5 .

k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf

lh=k=;]= sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lxug]{sf] cWoIfsf]
gfd M gfd M
kbM 7]ufgfM
b:tvtM b:tvt M
ldltM ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7f 5fk
/f]xa/ /f]xa/
of]hgf zfvf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ufp+ lasf;
;ldltsf] sfof{no

b|i6Ao M lh=k=;]=sf n] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]lv zt{x?df yk ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

118
 cg';'rL–^
-bkmf @@ ;+u ;DalGwt_
sfo{qmd cg'udgsf] 9fFrf
1. lhNnf M–
2. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] s]Gb|sf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
3. :f+rfns ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M–
4. ;]jf ;+rfng ePsf] ;fn / dlxgf M–
5. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug{ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] ;fn / dlxgfM–
6. sf]if cfDbfgL ljj/0f M–
s= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 k|fKt /sd M– ?=
v= ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sd M– ?=
u= cGo ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt /sd M– ?=
3= ;]jf z'Nsaf6 /sd M– ?=
ª= a}Í vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 k|fKt Jofh /sd M– ?=
r= cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd M– ?=
s'n hDdf /sd M– ?=
7. sf]ifsf] vr{ ljj/0f M–
s= kz'x?nfO{ 8«]lGrË tyf EoflS;g];gsf] nflu vr{ ePsf] /sd M– ?=
v= ;]jf pkef]u jfkt k|f]T;fxg vr{ /sd M– ?=
u= xfn;Ddsf] vr{ /sd M– ?=
3= sf]ifdf afFsL df}Hbft /sd M– ?=
8. sf]ifaf6 xfn;Dd ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ hDdf s[ifs ;+Vof M–
9. sf]ifdf /sd ;xof]u ug]{ cGo ;+:yfx?sf] gfd / ;xof]u /sd M–
10. 7fpF cg';f/ uf]7sf] agfj6 a}1flgs ePsf] jf gePsf] af/] ljj]rgf M
11. kz'x?sf] nflu xl/of] 3fF;sf] pknAwtf M
s= k|z:t k'Ug] v= l7s} k'Ug] u= gk'Ug]
12. 3fF;sf] hft / 3fF; nufPsf] If]qkmn
s= lxpFb] 3fF;sf] M v= jif]{3fF;sf] M u= jx'jif]{3fF;sf] M
13. bfgf lbPsf] jf glbPsf] / lbPsf] eP k|lt kz' k|lt lbg slt kl/df0fdf lbPsf] 5 <
14. kz'x?nfO{ cfGtl/s tyf jfXo k/lhjL lj?4 cf}iflw u/] gu/]sf] / u/]sf] eP slxn] / s'g
cf}iflwaf6 u/]sf] xf] ;f] sf] ljj/0f
15. /f]ux? lj?4 vf]kx? nufPsf] eP slxn] / s'g s'g vf]k nufPsf] xf] ;f] sf] ljj/0f M
16. kz'x?sf] :jf:y cj:yf M

lg/LIf0f stf{sf] gfdM– ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf] cWoIfsf] gfdM–

kb x:tfIf/
lg/LIf0f ldltM– ldlt

119
 cg';"rL–&
-bkmf * / !$ ;+u ;DalGwt_
k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fdsf] 9f+rf
===================dlxgf÷rf}dfl;s÷ci7dfl;ssf] nIo / k|ult
!= ;+:yfsf] gfd M ;Dks{ JolQmsf] gfd M 6]lnkmf]g ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgfM lhNnf uf=lj=;=M j8f g+=M ufp+÷6f]n M
@= cf=j= #= dlxgf #_ k|ult k|ltj]bg cjlw M cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s
======== ======== o; o; ======== ========
aflif{s aflif{s xfn;Ddsf] xfn;Ddsf]
qm=;+= sfo{qmd ljj/0f OsfO{ rf}dfl;s rf}dfl;s dlxgfsf] dlxgfsf] rf}dfl;s rf}dfl;s s}lkmot
nIo ah]6 k|ult vr{
nIo ah]6 k|ult vr{ k|ult vr{
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

120
cfO{k/]sf afwf c8\rgx? M
!=
@=
#=
$=
;dfwfgsf] nflu ;'emfjx?
!=
@=
#=

k|ult tof/ ug]{sf] gfdM– kf8f x'sf{pg] s]Gb|sf] k|d'vsf] gfd M

x:tfIf/ M x:tfIf/ M

kb M kb M
ldlt M ldlt M

121
 cg';"rL–*
-bkmf @)=!) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
b'wfn' ufO{e};L j+z z'wf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng sfo{ljwL

@=! k|fs[lts uef{wfg ;]jf

qm=;+= sfo{ljwL lhDd]jf/ lgsfo nfUg]

;do
! a|L8/ ;d'x÷;ldtL u7g u/L lh=k=;]= sfof{no, :yfgLo s[ifs ! xKtf
gZn ;'wf/ sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ .
@ ;DjlGwt s[ifsx?sf] /f=k=k|=s]Gb|, s]=uf=e}=k|=sfof{no, ! lbg
cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ug]{ lh=k=;]=sf=, :yfgLo lgsfo, ;/sf/L
tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
# a|L8/ ;d'x, :yfgLo lgsfo / a|L8/ ;d'x, lh=k=;]=sf=, /f=k=k|=s]Gb, # lbg
lh=k=;]=sf= ljr ;Demf}tf s]=uf=e}=k|=sf=, k=p=lgb]{zgfno
$ k|hgg\sf nflu /fFuf], ;fF9],af]sf, lh=k=;]=sf=, /f=k=k|=s]Gb
a+u'/ -:j}lR5s_ ljt/0f
% k|hgg s]Gb| If]q leqsf sd a|L8/ ;d'x, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb, @ xKtf
pTkfbs :yfgLo efn] tyf kf]yL kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
kz'x?nfO{ aGWofs/0f / 5gf}6
u/L x6fpg]
^ ;xsfo{df r/g tyf 3fF;]jfnL lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, a|L8/ ;d'x ! jif{
ljsf;, kz' :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf
Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ sfo{qmd
& sfo{qmd cg'udg lh=k=;]=sf=, If]=k=;]=lg=, /f=k=k|= s]Gb, dfl;s,
s]=uf=e}=k|=sfof{no, k=p= lgb]{zgfno rf}dfl;s,
jflif{s
* Oga|Ll8Ë Go'gLs/0fsf] nflu efn] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, If]qLo kz' ;fF9] @ jif{
;f6f;f6 sfo{qmd ;]jf lgb]{zgfno /fFuf] # jif{
cGo ! jif{
( nfe nfut / tYof+s ljZn]if0f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ! dlxgf

@=@ s[ltd uef{wfg ;]jf

nfUg]
qm=;+= sfo{ljwL lhDd]jf/ lgsfo
;do
! s[ltd uef{wfg s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] :yfgLo lgsfo, :yfgLo k|fljlws, u}/ ! xKtf
nflu tYof+s ;+sng / :yfg ;/sf/L ;+:yf, lh=k=;]=sf= / /f=k=
5gf}6 k|=s]Gb
@ sDtLdf # hgf k|fljlwsx? ;]jf :yfgLo lgsfo / lh=k=;]=sf= ! xKtf
k'¥ofpg ;Sg]
# ;xsfo{sf] nflu ;demf}tf :yfgLo lgsfo, k|fljlwsx?, @ xKtf
lh=k=;]=sf= / /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb

122
 $ ;xsfo{sf] nflu cled'vLs/0f :yfgLo lgsfo, k|fljlwsx?, u}/ ;/sf/L ! lbg
cGt{lqmof tyf sfo{of]hgf ;+:yf, lh=k=;]=sf=, kz' k|hgg sfof{no
agfpg] / /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb
% :yfgLo kz'x?df s[=u=4f/f gZn k|fljlwsx?, lh=k=;]=sf=, k|hgg lgoldt
;'wf/ sfof{no / /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb
^ s[=u= ul/Psf kz'x?sf] tYof+s, k|fljlwsx? / lh=k=;]=sf= dfl;s,
ljj/0f, /]s8{, k|utL k7fpg] rf}dfl;s,
jflif{s
& cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg lh=k=;]=sf=, kz' k|= sfof{no / /f=k= k|= dfl;s,
s]Gb rf}dfl;s,
jflif{s
* s[ltd uef{wfgsf] nflu pks/0f /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|, ! dlxgf
v/Lb lh=k=;]=sf=,:yfgLo lgsfo,k|fljlwsx?,
( kz' :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / /fli6«o kz' ! jif{
Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ sfo{qmd k|hgg s]Gb

@=# lhNnfx?l;t ;xsfo{df :yfgLo ufO{e};Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd lj:Tff/ ug{ ;Grfng
ul/g] d'Vo d'Vo sfo{qmdx? M
qm=;+= sfo{qmd lhDd]jf/ lgsfo nfUg]
;do
! :yfgLo ufO{sf] tYof+s lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[ifsx?
;+sng
@ :yfgLo ufO{kfns s[ifs lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[ifsx?
;d'x÷;ldtL u7g /
kl/rfng
# :yfgLo ufO{kfns lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz'
s[ifsx?l;t cGt/lqmof k|hgg s]Gb / kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no
$ !)) :yfgLo ufO{df l8jld{Ë lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz'
tyf ldg/n ldS:r/ ;KnLd]G6 k|hgg s]Gb
% Pssflng s[lqd uef{wfgsf] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz'
nfuL xfdf]{g k|of]u k|hgg s]Gb / kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no
^ @$ 306f, $* 306f / &@ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz'
306fdf s[lqd uef{wfg k|hgg s]Gb / kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no
& kz' kf]if0f, tflnd tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz'
3fF;sf] ljp ljt/0f k|hgg s]Gb / /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f
s]Gb|
* ue{ kl/If0f tyf l/kf]l6Ë lh=k=;]=sf=, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb
( clgolGqt Ogla|l8Ë /f]Sg lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, If]lqo kz' ;]jf
sd;n ;fF9] tyf /fFuf] lgb]{zgfno
aGWofs/0f ug]{ tyf x6fpg]
!) sfo{qmd cg'udg -dfl;s, lh=k=;]=sf=, kz' k|= sfof{no, /fli6«o k=k|=
rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s_ s]Gb, If]=k=;]=lg=, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno

123
@=$ b'w pTkfbgsf ljBdfg tyf ;DefJo If]qx?df c:yfoL ?kn] 3'DtL s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf
cfjZostf cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg]
qm=;+= sfo{qmd lhDd]jf/ lgsfo nfUg]
;do
! b'w pTkfbg If]qsf] klxrfg lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / kz' k|hgg\ ! xKtf
tyf tYof+s ;+sng sfof{no
@ s[ifsx? l;t cGt{lqmof tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / kz' k|hgg\ ! lbg
;xsfo{sf] nfuL ;Demf}tf sfof{no
# OlG;ldg]6/sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg] kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no ! lbg

$ 3'DtL s[ltd uef{wfg ;+rfng kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no ! jif{

ug{ s]Gb|x? tf]Sg]
% 3''DtL s[ltd uef{wfgsf] lh=k=;]=sf=, /fli6«o k=k|= s]Gb, kz' k|= ! jif{
cg'udg tyf ue{ kl/If0f sfof{no / If]lqo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno
^ 3'DtL s[ltd uef{wfgsf] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / kz' k|hgg\ dfl;s,
l/kf]{l6Ë tyf k|utL ;+k|]if0f
sfof{no rf}dfl;s
/ jflif{s
& 3'DtL s[ltd uef{wfgdf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz' ! lbg
;+nUg lghL tyf ;/sf/L k|hgg s]Gb, kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no / kz'
OlG;ldg]6/x? l;t pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
cGt/lqmof
* 3'DtL s[ltd uef{wfgsf] /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb ! dlxgf
;+rfng ;DjGwL k|efjsfl/tf
cWoog

@=% PssfnLg s[ltd uef{wfg ;+rfng u/L lgoldt ?kn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{
qm=;+= sfo{qmd lhDd]jf/ lgsfo nfUg]
;do
! :yfgLo ufO{sf] tYof+s lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[ifsx? ! xKtf
;+sng
@ :yfgLo ufO{kfns s[ifs lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[ifsx? ! lbg
;d'x÷;ldtL u7g /
kl/rfng
# :yfgLo ufO{kfns lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg ! lbg
s[ifsx?l;t cGt/lqmof s]Gb

124
$ !)) :yfgLo ufO{df l8jld{Ë lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg @ lbg
tyf ldg/n ldS:r/ s]Gb
;KnLd]G6
% Pssflng s[lqd uef{wfgsf] lhNnf k=;]=sfof{no, /f=k=k|=s]Gb / kz' k|= ! lbg
nfuL xfdf]{g k|of]u sfof{no
^ kz' kf]if0f, tflnd tyf lhNnf k=;]=sfof{no, /f=k=k|=s]Gb / /f=r= ! lbg
3fF;sf] ljp ljt/0f tyf k=cf= s]Gb|
& ue{ kl/If0f tyf l/kf]l6Ë lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg # dlxgf
s]Gb
* clgolGqt Ogla|l8Ë /f]Sg lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, If]lqo kz' ;]jf ! jif{
sd;n ;fF9] tyf /fFuf] lgb]{zgfno
aGWofs/0f ug]{ tyf x6fpg]
( sfo{qmd cg'udg -dfl;s, lh=k=;]= sf=, If]=k=;]=lg=, kz' k|= sfof{no, ! jif{
rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s_ /fli6«o k=k|= s]Gb / kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno

125
 cg';"rL–( -s_
-bkmf @$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;DjGwdf ljleGg lgsfosf] e"ldsf tyf bfloTj
!= sfo{qmd ;Grfns ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf M
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg'?k sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. ;Demf}tf cg';f/ s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ .
3. sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ug]{ ;xsfo{sf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L k|:tfasf] ?kdf
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] s]Gb|sf] ;fOgaf]8{ ;j}n] b]Vg] u/L /fVg] .
5. ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfn] rfx]df lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u :fdGjo u/L sfo{qmdsf] lbuf]
;Grfngsf] nflu sf]ifsf] :Yffkgf ug]{ / ;f] sf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg
ljleGg lgsfo;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
6. kflnPsf kz'x?sf] uf]7, cfxf/f, :jf:Yo tyf ladf nufot cGo Joj:yfksLo Pj+
ahf/Ls/0f sfo{sf] nflu k"0f{ ?kdf lHfDd]jf/L lng] .
7. k|To]s dlxgf ljlQo tyf sfo{ k|ult lgoldt ?kdf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf
k7fpg] .
8. uf]7, cflb lgdf{0f ubf{ :yflgo:t/df pknAw >f]t / ;fdfu|Lx?sf] clwstd k|of]u
u/L lgdf{0f ug]{ .
9. cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf k'jf{wf/ ljsf; / cf}hf/, ;fdfu|L,
cf}iflw cflb Aoj:yfkg ug]{ .
10. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|, pks]Gb|÷;DjlGwt lgsfon] lbPsf
;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .
11. cfj:ostf cg';f/ s]Gb|df k|bfg ul/Psf ;]jfx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ clen]v Joj:yfkg ug]{.
12. clgjfo{ ?kdf kz'x?sf] zfl//Ls tf}n, EoflS;g];g, 8«]lGrË, :jf:Yo tyf kz'x?
vl/b laqmLsf] /]s8{sf] clen]v Jojl:yt u/L /fVg] / ;f] sf] ljj/0f ;d]t k|ultdf
;dfa]z ug]{ .
13. cfˆgf] Onfsfsf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|;+u lgoldt :fDks{ Pj+ ;dGjodf /xg] .
14. ;Grflnt sfo{qmd af/] jflif{s sfo{ k|ultsf] ;ldIff tyf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug]{
u/fpg] .

@= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb| M

1. cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] dftxtdf /x]sf sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf] s]Gb|sf] lgoldt
lgl/If0f, cg'udg u/L cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
2. sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ s'g} lsl;dsf] ;d:of ePdf jf s'g} ;Nnfx ;'emfj eP
lHfNnf kz'' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ ;dod} hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
3. s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;xefuL eO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{
:yfgLo:t/df ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. kz'x?sf] lalqm ljt/0f / gofF kz'x? vl/b tyf x:tfGt/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;+:yf
tyf ks]6 If]qsf] clen]lvs/0f / ;xlhs/0f ug]{ .

126
 5. sfo{qmd ;Grflnt s]Gb|x?jf6 dfl;s k|ult ;+sng u/L k|To]s dlxgfsf] d;fGt
eGbf % lbg klxn] k|fKt x'g] u/L ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .

#= lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no M

1. s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt If]qsf] k|f/lDes tYofÍ ;+Íng tyf ljj/0f tof/
ug]{ .
2. s]Gb| ;+rfngsf] nflu ;fem]bf/ lgsfox?af6 k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ / 5gf}6sf] nflu
lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bndf k]z ug]{ .
3. lhNnf l:yt kz' ljsf; sfo{bnaf6 d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf ;fem]bf/
;+:yf;+u s]Gb| ;+rfng ug{ ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
4. s]Gb|df cfj4 s[ifsx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu tflnd, uf]i7L ;+rfng ug]{ .
5. k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf sDtLdf Ps k6s s]Gb|sf] :ynut cg'udg lgl/If0f ul/ k|ltj]bg
k]z ug]{ tyf ;do ;dodf s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'dmfj lbg] .
6. lhNnf leq /x]sf o:tf Joj;flos kf8fkfng ug]{ s]Gb|x?sf] clgafo{ btf{ u/L
k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ 5 / ;f] k|df0fkq ;DalGwt s]Gb|x?n] :ki6 b]lvg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
7. s]Gb|df kflnPsf kz'x?sf] k|fljlws kl/If0f u/L pko'Qm kz'x? lalqm nufpg cfjZos
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
8. :yfgLo ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 sfo{qmd;+u ;DalGwt ljifodf clek|]l/t ug{
hgr]tgfd'ns ;Gb]zx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
9. lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ;a} s]Gb|x?sf] leGbf lEfGb} tyf Psd'i6 k|ult ;+of]u ul/ k|To]s
dlxgfsf] d;fGt eGbf ! lbg klxn] ;DjlGwt If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno tyf s]lGb|o
ufO{÷e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g] u/L clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s tyf
jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .

$= s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{no M

1. df;'sf] nflu kf8f x'sf{pg] tyf pTkfbglzn yf/f e};L ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v
;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ .
2. ;DalGwt s]Gb|x?df PsLs[t uf]7 Joj:yfkg, kz' cfxf/f tyf 3fF; ljsf;, kz'
:jf:Yo cflb sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ubf{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo ug]{
u/fpg] .
3. sfo{qmd;+u cfj4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu cfjZos tflnd
;+rfng ug{ u/fpg ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. k|ljlw ;DaGwL cfjZos ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ .
5. cfjZostf cg';f/ lHfNnfx?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] .
6. ck]lIft pknlAw k|flKtsf nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no tyf s]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt
cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] sf] k|lta]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf
k7fpg] .
7. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf
k7fpg] .

127
^= /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| M
1. sfo{qmd ;Grfng ePsf s]Gb|x?nfO{ 3fF;]jfnL Pj+ s[lifhGo pk–kbfy{df cfwfl/t
k|ljlwx?sf] cjnDagsf] nflu cfjZos ;]jf tyf ;'emfj lbg] .
2. kz' cfxf/f ;DaGwL s[ofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f / ;dGjo u/L k|flalws
k[i7kf]if0f tyf ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .

&= If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?M

1. sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogsf] nfuL s]Gb|x?sf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f u/L
k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lgsfodf k[i7kf]if0fsf] nflu k7fpg] .
2. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt k|ult k|ltj]bgx? Plss[t u/L ;DalGwt
lgsfodf tf]lsPsf] ;do l;df leq k7fpg] .

*= kz'k+IfL ahf/ k|a4{g lgb]{zgfnoM

1. s]Gb|jf6 pTkflbt kz' tyf kz' hGo pTkfbgx?sf] ;xh jhfl/s/0fsf nfuL ;xof]u
/ ;dGjo ug]{ .

(= kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno tyf cGt/utsf sfof{nox?

1. s]Gb|x?df /x]sf kz'x?sf] :jf:Yo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lgb]{zgfno dftxtsf
lgsfox?nfO{ kl/rfng u/L ;xof]u / ;DfGjo ug]{ u/fpg] .

!)= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnoM

1. sfo{qmdsf] lgb]{lzsf÷sfo{ljwL tof/ u/L l:js[t u/fpg] / ;DjlGwt sfof{nox?nfO{
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] clVtof/L k7fpg] .
2. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt lgb]{zgfno, ljefu, dGqfno / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
3. ;Grflnt sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/fpg] tyf
ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fKt lgl/If0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?nfO{ ;do d}
;'wf/sf] nflu k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s tYofÍx? cWofjlws u/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{
u/fpg] .
5. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f kz' ;]jf ljefudf k7fpg] .

!!= kz' ;]jf laefu

1. sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df, ah]6 lalgof]hg tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
2. sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg ug]{ .
3. lgb]{lzsf÷sfo{lawL :jLs[lt, ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{g Pj+ cfaZostf cg';f/ cGo
lgsfo l;t ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmdnfO{ s]lGb|o ?kdf ;+of]hg, ;dGjo tyf ;+rfng ug{ gLltut Aoj:yfkg
ug]{ .

128
 cg';"rL–( -v_
-bkmf @$ ;Fu ;DalGwt
b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd sfo{Gjog k|lqmof / lhDd]jf/L
!= s[ifs M
1. kz' ayfgx?sf] 5gf}6, kz' :jf:Yo, kz' cfxf/f, b'w pTkfbg, s[lqd uef{wfg, afR5f
afR5Lsf] cj:yf af/]sf ;"rgf ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] .
2. kz'sf] b'w pTkfbgsf] /s8{ lng] sfo{df /]s8{/nfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
3. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;d'x÷;ldtL÷;+3÷;xsf/L u7g ug]{
4. h;L{ tyf xf]nli6g ufO{ / d'/f{ e}+;Lsf] cnu cnu x8{ a's /fvL v/Lb lalqm / >f]t
s]Gb| Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .
5. b'wsf] k/LIf0f kZrft l/kf]6{ ;+sng u/L /]s8{ /fVg] .
6. y'g]nf] /f]usf] cj:yfjf/] hfgsf/L /fVg] / cfjZostf cg';f/ y'g rf]Kg] (Teat
Dipping) k|ljlw ckgfpg] tyf cfj:osLo pkrf/ u/fpg] .
7. s[lqd uef{wfg ubf{ k|fKt /fFuf]÷/f+9]sf] ljj/0f clwn]vsf] ?kdf b'?:t /fVg] .

@= /]s8{/ M
1. /]s8{/ ;/sf/L tyf k|fO{e]6 x'g ;Sg]5 .
2. dfl;s ?kdf s[ifsx?sf] 3/ 3/df uP/ lgodfg';f/ b'wsf] gd"gf ;+sng u/L
k/LIf0fsf nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
3. kmd]{6 cg';f/sf] clen]v lng] / ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg] .
4. /]s8{ ul/g] kz'x?df kz' :jf:Yo nufotsf ;d:ofx? b]vf k/]df ;DalGwt kz' s]Gb| jf
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
5. cfjZostf cg';f/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf cGo lgsfoaf6 kz'x?sf] cg'udg
tyf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePdf ;f] sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .
#= OlG;ldg]6/ M
1. OlG;ldg]6/ ;/sf/L tyf k|fO{e]6 x'g ;Sg]5 .
2. OlG;ldg]6/sf] d'Vo sfo{ b'w pTkfbgsf] nflu j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle and
Buffalo Improvement Program) sf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] pRr u'0f:t/sf] k|dfl0ft l;d]g
;+ro ug]{ / s[lqmd uef{wfg ug]{ x'g]5 .
3. s[lqd uef{wfg u/]kl5 ;f] sf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt /]s8{/nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] Pj+ clwn]v
eg{ / b'?:t /fVg d2t ug]{ .
4. ue{{ kl/If0f ug]{ tyf hGd]sf] afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8Lsf] clen]v /fVg ;xof]u ug]{ .
5. cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb| / lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf k|d'v tyf
;'k/efO{h/n] tf]s]sf] cQ/bfloTj axg ug]{ .
$= ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| M
1. pGgt ;fF9], /fFuf], ufO{ tyf e}+;LnfO{ 6\ofluË ug]{ .

129
 2. kmfd{x?sf] clen]v b'?:t /fVg] .
3. clen]v nufPtsf cGo s'g} ;d:of ePdf ;f] sf] hfgsf/L lh=k=;]=sf=nfO{ lbg] .
4. dfl;s ?kdf xf]nli6g, h;L{ / d'/f{ ;d'x÷;ldtL÷;+3sf] a}7s a:g] / ;f] sf] hfgf/L
lh=k=;]=sf=nfO{ lbg] .
5. k|To]s kmfd{df hGd]sf afR5fafR5L tyf kf8fkf8Lx?sf] clen]v b'?:t /fVg] tyf ;f]
sf] ljj/0f Pjd\ cfk"lt{ cj:yf lh=k=;]=sf=nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
6. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Improvement
Program) df btf{ ePsf kmfd{sf] dlxgfsf] Ps k6s cg'udg ug]{ .
7. dfl;s÷rf}dfl;s÷jflif{s k|utL lh=k=;]=sf=df k7fpg] .
%= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no M
1. lgo'Qm ul/Psf] tflndk|fKt k|fljlwsaf6 lhNnf kz' ;]jf ;]jf sfof{nodf /flvPsf]
ljB'tLO d]l;g Milk Scanner af6 b'wsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ .
2. b'wfn' ufO{sf] j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Improvement Program)
cGt{utsf kmfd{sf] cg'udg u/L kz'x?sf] pTkfbg Ifdtfsf] clen]v /fVg] .
3. b'wfn' ufO{sf] j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Improvement Program)
df ;+nUg kmd{ ljt/0f ug]{ .
4. h;L{ tyf xf]nli6g ufO{ / d'/f{ e}+;Lsf] ;d'x÷;ldtL÷;+3÷;xsf/L u7g ug]{ .
5. ;DalGwt kmfd{sf s[ifsx?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L4f/f sfo{qmdsf p2]Zoaf/] hfgsf/L
u/fpg] .
6. s[ifsn] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ bfloTjaf/] hfgsf/L u/fO{ sfo{ ;+rfng ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
7. gofF hGd]sf afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8LnfO{ 6\ofluË ug]{ .
8. clen]vstf{af6 clen]v ;+sng u/L kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf -gfs{_, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\
s]Gb| -kf]v/f_ / s]lGb|o ufO{ e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{no, xl//xejgdf k7fpg] .
9. kz' :jf:Yo k/LIf0fe u/L ;f] sf] /]s8{ b'?:t /fVg] .
10. kmfd{x?sf] dfl;s cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .
11. ;Íng ul/Psf b'wsf gd'gfx? ldNs :Sofg/af6 k/LIf0f u/L ;f] sf] kmd]{6 oyfzL3|
kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb -gfs{_, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|,
s]lGb|o ufO{e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{no, xl/x/ejgdf k7fpg] .
12. kz' :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf uf]7 Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL tflnd tyf ;'wf/ sfo{ ;xsfo{ddf
ug]{ .
13. k|dfl0ft ;fF9] tyf /fFuf]sf] ljo{af6 s[ltd uef{wfg u/fpg] / ;f] sf] clen]v /fVg] .
14. JofPsf afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8Lx?sf] clen]v /fvL ax/ tyf /fFuf]sf] nflu pko'Qm
kz'x?sf] 6\ofluË ug]{ / k|hgg\sf] nflu pko'Qm kz' v/Lb laqmL ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
15. b'wfn' ufO{sf] j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Improvement Program)
;+u ;DalGwt dfl;s÷rf}dfl;s÷aflif{s k|utL sDkfOn u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf
k7fpg] .
16. a|L8/ s[ifsx?sf] clen]v cWojlws u/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k7fpg] .
17. b'w pTkfbgsf] nfe nfut lgsfNg] .

130
 18. k|fKt b'w kl/If0sf] l/kf]6{ s[ifs ;dIf k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ug]{ .
19. cg'Tkfbs kz'sf] pkrf/ tyf Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
20. kz'x?df y'g]nf] /f]u Go"gLs/0f ug{ cfjZos k|lqmof ckgfpg] .
21. x8{ a's Joj:yfkg tyf h;L{, x]nli6g / d'/f{ kz'kfng s[ifs
;d'x÷;ldtL÷;+3÷;xsf/Lsf] kl/rfng ug]{ .
22. afR5fafR5L, kf8fkf8L, ufO{e}+;L, ;fF9] /fFuf]sf] clen]v kz'k+5L ahf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfno
tyf kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
23. dfyL pNn]lvt a'+bfx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg'sf] ;fy} lhNnf ;'k/efO{h/sf] cg'udg
u/L dfl;s l/kf]l6{Ë ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
^= lhNnf ;'k/efO{h/ M
1. lhNnf ;'k/efO{h/sf] 5gf}6 s]Gb|Lo b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o
cg';f/ /xg]5 .
2. k/LIf0f ul/Psf gd"gfx?sf] kmd]{6 cg';f/ eP gePsf] hf+r u/L kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf -
gfs{{_, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|, s]lGb|o ufO{e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
3. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 b'wfn' ufO{sf] j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle
and Buffalo Improvement Program) sf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ .
4. b'wfn' ufO{sf] j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Improvement Program)
nfu' ePsf kmfd{sf] cg'udg dfl;s ?kn] ug]{ / ;f] sf] l/kf]6{ k]z ug]{
5. /]s8{/ tyf O{lG;ldg]6/sf] sfo{ cg'udg ug]{ .
6. lhNnf ;k/efO{h/n] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt lgsfo;+u sfo{qmd k|j4{gsf] nflu
;dGjo ug]{ .
7. sfo{no k|d'v / lhNnf ;'k/efO{h/ km/s km/s JolQm ePdf sfof{no k|d'vn] lnlvt
?kdf sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L ;'k/efO{h/nfO{ lbO{ ;Dk'0f{ sfo{sf] cg'udg ug]{ pQ/bfloTj
axg ug'{ kg]{5 .
&= If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno M
1. If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnon] cfkm\gf] If]q cGt/utsf lhNnfx?df sfo{qmd ;kmn ?kdf
;+rfngsf] nflu cg'udg, lgl/If0f tyf d'Nof+sg ug]{5 .
2. x8{ a's cWofjlws sfo{sf] nflu rf}dfl;s ?kn] lgl/If0f u/L ;f] sf] tYof+s
cWofjlws /fVg] sfd ug]{5 .
3. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t hGd]sf afR5fafR5L÷kf8fkf8L
v/Lb laqmLsf] cWofjlws tYofÍ Pj+ >f]t s]Gb| Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ ug]{5 .
*= s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e}+;L k|j4{g sfof{no M
1. s]Gb|Lo ufO{e}+;L k|j4{g sfo{non] ;DalGwt cf=j=df k|fs[lts uef{wfgsf] nflu rflxg]
k|dfl0ft ;fF9] tyf /fFuf]sf] ;+Vof olsg u/L ;f] sf] >f]t Joj:yfkg ug'{sf] ;fy} ljt/0f
sfo{ ug]{5 .
2. /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|;+u ;dGjo u/L h;L{ tyf xf]nli6g a|L8/ P;f]l;P;gnfO{
k|j4{g ug]{ tyf x8{ a's Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

131
 3. /]s8{/af6 k|fKt kmd]{6sf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf, gfs{nfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{ ;fy} ;do ;dodf /]s8{/, OlG;ldg]6/ tyf ;'k/efO{h/sf] sfo{sf] cg'udg tyf
lgl/If0f ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ .
5. ljleGg lhNnfaf6 ;+slnt tYof+sx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f tyf ;Dk|]if0f ug{ kz' k|hgg\
dxfzfvf, gfs{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
(= kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb M
1. ;a} lhNnfaf6 ;+slnt tYofÍx?nfO{ sDKo'6/df O{G6«L u/L /lhi68{ ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ ufO{
tyf e}+;Lx?sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf t'ngfTds ?kdf ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ .
2. o; sfo{qmdsf] ;Dk"0f{ 6]SgLsn Jofsck (Technical Backup) kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvfn]
ug]{5 .
3. k|dfl0ft ;fF9] tyf /fFufsf] pRr a|Ll8Ë Eofn' (Breeding Value) ePsf] ufO{e}+;Laf6
hGd]sf afR5f tyf kf8fnfO{ x'sf{O{ /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|df x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{df
;xof]u ug]{ .
4. ;a} /]s8{/x?sf] kl/rfng tyf cg'udg ug]{ .
5. u'0f:t/Lo tYof+s ;+sng tyf sfo{qmd ;xhLs/0fsf] nflu /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|
tyf s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e};
+ L k|j4{g sfof{no;+u ;DGjo /fvL ljleGg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
!)= /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb| M
1. sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu /fli6«o ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ .
2. /]sl8{Ë ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf] nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox? ;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
3. ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt l/kf]6{nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljleGg ;/fsf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. rf}dfl;s ?kdf s[ifs, /]s8{/, O{G;Lldg]6/, lhNnf ;'k/efO{h/, s]Gb|Lo ufO{e}+;L k|j4{g
sfof{no, kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf -gfs{_ ;+u cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd u/L k/]sf] ;d:of
;dfwfg ug]{ .
5. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ;fdfu|L cfk"lt{ u/L
ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
6. sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno Pjd\ kz' ;]jf
ljefudf k7fpg] .
7. x8{ a's Joj:yfkg, h;L{, xf]nli6g tyf d'/f{ a|L8/ P;f]l;P;gsf] kl/rfng tyf kz'
k|bz{gL sfo{qmdsf] ;dGjo ug]{ .
8. lgoldt ?kn] b'wsf] gd'gf ;+sng, k/LIf0f, l/kf]l6Ë tyf ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg
s[ifsdf k'u] gk'u]sf] / ;f]xL cg';f/ sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ .
9. 6\ofu ul/Psf kz'x?sf] kz' :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf ;'wf/ sfo{qmd lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ug]{ .
10. cg'Tkfbs, af+emf] kz'x?sf] cg'udg tyf ljz]if1 ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;dGjo ug]{ / o:tf
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnfx?l;t ;dGjo /fvL k'gJo{j:yfkg
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

132
 11.;do ;dodf cfofltt k|dfl0ft tyf k/LIf0f ul/Psf jLo{4f/f btf{ ul/Psf kz'x?df
s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
12. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd cGt/ut pRr a|Ll8Ë Ifdtf ePsf] ufO{
e}+;Laf6 hGd]sf afR5fkf8f v/Lb u/L jLo{ pTkfbg ug]{ / b]ze/L ljt/0f u/L
pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{ .
13. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd lgoldt tyf ;xh ?kdf ;+rfng ug{
/0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
!!= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno M
1. o; sfo{qmdsf] ;Dk"0f{ lgsfosf] cg'udg ug]{ bfloTj kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] x'g]5.
2. sfo{qmdsf] gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ;do;fk]If ;+rfng k|lqmofdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'wf/
tyf kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
3. o; sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ljleGg lgsfox?sf] ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. rf}dfl;s ?kdf x8{ a's Joj:yfkg, a|L8/ P;f]l;P;g kl/rfng, /]s8{/, O{G;Lldg]6/,
lhNnf ;'k/efOh/sf] sfo{ cg'udg / ljin]if0f ug]{ / cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt
lgsfonfO{ ;emfj lbO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .
5. ufO{ ty e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ;+slnt tYof+s / ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f sfo{ tyf
o;sf] pkof]lutfsf] nflu kz' k|hgg\ dxfzfvf Pjd\ cGo lgsfo;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
!@= kz'k+5L ahf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfno M
1. o; sfo{qmdaf6 :yflk6 >f]t s]Gb|sf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L ahf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfnonfO{
pknAw u/fO{g]5 / lgb]{zgfnon] ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf d'Vo e"ldsf] v]Ng'sf] ;fy} k|fKt
;'rgfnfO{ j]a;fO{6df l8:Kn] ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t ug]{5 .
2. pRr a|L8LË Ifdtf ePsf] ufO{ k|bz{gLdf o; lgb]{zgfnn] ;xof]u ug]{5 .

!#= kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno M

1. o; sfo{qmddf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 Pj+ k|rf/ k|;f/sf ;fdfu|L -
>Job[Zo ;d]t_ sf dfWodaf6 sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L k|rf/ k|;f/df ;xof]u ug]{5 .
!$= kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno M
1. o; sfo{qmddf cfjZos kg]{ kz' :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljz]if1 ;]jf -k|of]uzfnf ;]jf ;d]t_
pknAw u/fpg]5 .
!!= kz' ;]jf laefu
1. sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df, ah]6 lalgof]hg tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
2. sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg ug]{ .
3. lgb]{lzsf÷sfo{lawL :jLs[lt, ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{g Pj+ cfaZostf cg';f/ cGo
lgsfo l;t ;dGjo ug]{ .
4. sfo{qmdnfO{ s]lGb|o ?kdf ;+of]hg, ;dGjo tyf ;+rfng ug{ gLltut Aoj:yfkg ug]{ .

133
 cg';"rL–!)
b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg
-bkmf–@)=@# ;+u ;DalGwt_
b'wfn' ufO{x? tyf ltgLx?df pRr u'0f:t/sf] k|dfl0ft efn]sf] lao{af6 s[lqd uef{wfg u/fO{ hGd]sf
afR5fafR5L tyf kf8fkf8Lx?nfO{ 6\ofluË ug]{ b'wsf] clen]v lng], ljZn]if0f ug]{ tyf k|ltj]bg k|]if0f ug]{
h:tf sfo{x? ;Grfngsf] nflu b]xfo cg';f/sf] s[ofsnfkx? ;Grfng x'g]5g\ M
1. kz' uf]7 tyf kz'x?sf] 5gf}6,
2. :ynut ;'rgf tyf b'wsf] gd'gf ;+sng,
3. b'wsf] gd'g k/LIf0f,
4. tYofÍ ;+sng, k|zf]wg / ;'rgf k|jfx,
5. s[lqd uef{wfg /
6. ;fdfGo s[ofsnfkx?
a. ldNs /]s8{/, OG;Lldg]6/ tyf ;'k/efO{h/x?nfO{ nlhli6s ;kf]6{
1. Jofu, 6r{, /]gsf]6, jflN6g tyf uda'6 cflbsf] Joj:yf,
b. kz' :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ sfo{qmd
1. Pkm=Pd=8L, Pr=P;= / aL=So"= EofS;Lg
2. l8cf]ld{Ë ug]{
3. 3fF;sf] ljp tyf j]gf{ ljt/0f,
c. uf]7 Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ kf6{g/;Lk sfo{qmd
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 5gf}6 ePsf uf]7x?df ;xsfo{sf] cfwf/df uf]7sf]
;'wf/ sfo{qmd,
a. ldNs lk|h/e]l6e, xdf]{g, sn]S;g jf]6n, kmd]{6 5kfO{ tyf P=cfO{= pks/0f v/Lb,
b. s[ifs, /]s8{/, O{lG;ldg]6/, ;'k/efO{h/ tyf sfof{no k|d'vx?;+u cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd
c. b'wfn' ufO{ tyf e}+;Lsf] gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] :6]ol/ª sld6L ldl6Ë, sfo{qmd
;+rflnt If]qdf ;fd'lxs cg'udg,
d. ldNs PgfnfO{h/ v/Lb tyf ljt/0f,
ª= cg'Tkfbs, af+emf]kg ePsf kz'x?sf] cg'udg tyf k/fdz{ ;xof]u
1. cg'Tkfbs tyf af+emf] kz'x?sf] tYof+s ;+sng
2. cg'Tkfbs tyf jf+emf]kgsf] pkrf/ laz]if1 6f]nL u7g
3. 3/ uf]7df uO{ kz' pkrf/ tyf gd"gf ;+sng
4. sfo{qmdsf] kmnf]—ck
5. pknlAw cf+sng
7. lhNnfx?l;t ;xsfo{df :yfgLo ufO{df s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd lj:Tff/ ug{ d'Vo d'Vo
sfo{qmdx? ;Grfng ug]{
s= :yfgLo ufO{kfns s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldtL u7g .
v= :yfgLo ufO{sf] tYofÍ ;+sng .
u= :yfgLo ufO{kfns s[ifsx?l;t cGtlq{mof .
3= :yfgLo ufO{df l8cf]ld{Ë tyf ldg/n ldS:r/ ;KnLd]G6 .
ª= Pssflng s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd cGt/ut xfdf]{g k|of]u .
r= s[lqd uef{wfg @$ 306f, $* 306f / &@ 306fdf ug]{ .
5= kz' kf]if0fsf] nflu tflnd tyf 3fF;sf] ljp ljt/0f .
r= sfo{qmdsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf cg'udg .
5= ue{ kl/If0f tyf k|utL k7fpg] .
h= 3'DtL s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd (Mobile Artificial Insemination Program) ;Grfng ug]{.

134
 cg';"rL–!!
b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd
-bkmf @)=@$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
sfo{qmd sfo{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L / kfl/>lds

Small Herd Recording Support for Regularity

Continuation for quicker flow of information from farmers to DMU and to the farmers.

S.No. Description of works Responsibility Rate Other Allowances

1 Monthly Recordings
2 Tagging/Registration/monito
ring herd recording
3 Milk Sample Analysis
Data Recorders Rs. 35 per milking cow Bus fare + Rs.200 per once for consecutive 3 days or >= 20
samples transport to lab in two times a week & + Rs.50 per
month/herd visit for maximum of <=100 herd/month with no
missing herd recordings
A.I. Technician Rs. 60 per animal registration & Rs. 10 per milking cow for monitoring herd records
tagging
Lab Technician Rs. 7 per milk sample analysis Rs. 3 per sample bottle for cleaning to the cleaners

4 Data Entry, Analysis and
Feedback at DMU
5 Supervision and
Coordination of PPRS at
District Level
DMU Staff Rs. 3 per milking cow (including Rs. 2 per milking cow (for second person for verification), Rs. 2
all other recordings) per milking animal/month for data analysis and feedback
Supervisors, Rs. 5 per milking cow for each Rs. 3 per milking cow for semen and liquid nitrogen managing
Coordinators and Supervisor and Coordinator technician.
SNMT

DMU = Data Management Unit

PPRS = Pedigree Performance Recording System

135
 cg';"rL–!@
b'wfn' ufO{ e};L j+z ;'wf/ sfo{qmd
-bkmf @)=@% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
A. The procurement price for calf, young bull, heifer and pregnant heifer for Jersey derivatives from the farmers.
Minimum level of breed Birth to <3 3 months to 6 months to 9 months to 12 months to 18 months to 24 months to
Performance traits
characteristics months 6 months 9 months <12 months 18 months 24 months 30 months
Individuals ≥87.55 Maximum body wt. expected 115 170 220 250 280 350
Jersey Minimum body wt. 45 80 110 120 160 200 240
Minimum price based on body wt. & 7000 11000 14000 18000 22000 26000 30000
minimum dams' milk yield 3000
Kgs./300 days
Additional Rs. for every additional Kg. 250 200 150 150 150 150 150
of bodyweight
Dams' ≥87.5% Jersey Additional Rs. for every Kg. of EBVM 10 10 20 20 30 30 30
Additional Rs. for every Kg. of EBVS 50 50 100 100 200 200 200
Sires' ≥87.5% Jersey Proven bulls 4000 4000 6000 6000 8000 8000 10000
Test bulls 1000 1000 1500 1500 2000 2000 2500
Minimum price of If test bull is used as sire 8000 12000 15500 19500 24000 28000 32500
procurement based on If proven bull is used 11000 15000 20000 24000 30000 34000 40000
type of sire used
The procurement price EBVM 450 Kg of top Jersey based on 4500 4500 9000 9000 13500 13500 13500
based on the EBVM 450 analysis of data up to Dec. 2012
Kg. and 40 Kg. of EBVS and 40 Kg of EBVS of top Jersey based 2000 2000 4000 4000 8000 8000 8000
with lactation milk yield
on analysis of data up to Dec. 2012
of 4500 liters
If top progeny tested sire is used for this top Jersey dam, the bull 17500 21500 28500 37500 51500 55500 61500
calf born from this mating will get the price of
If the born calf are taken care of well and additional body weight 1125 3600 3600 4200 5400 6100 7800
of 20% more weight gain then the additional procurement of the
calf born from this top cows
The maximum procurement price of the bull calf born from this top 18625 25100 36600 41200 56900 61600 69300
Jersey cows
EBVM = Expected Breeding Value of Milk,
EBVS = Expected Breeding Value of Valuable Solid

136
B. The procurement price for calf, young bull, heifer and pregnant heifer for Holstein derivatives from the farmers.
Minimum level of breed Performance traits Birth to <3 3 months to 6 months to 9 months to 12 months to 18 months to 24 months to
characteristics months 6 months 9 months <12 months 18 months 24 months 30 months
Maximum body wt. expected 170 240 310 400 450 500
Minimum body wt. 50 90 120 140 180 220 260
Minimum price based on body wt. &
Individuals ≥87.55
minimum dams' milk yield 4000 8000 12000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Holstein
Kgs./300 days
Additional Rs. for every additional Kg.
250 200 150 150 150 150 150
of bodyweight
Additional Rs. for every Kg. of EBVM 8 8 16 16 24 24 24
Dams' ≥87.5% Holstein
Additional Rs. for every Kg. of EBVS 50 50 100 100 200 200 200
Proven sire 4000 4000 6000 6000 8000 8000 8000
Sires' ≥87.5% Holstein
Test bulls 1000 1000 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000
Minimum price of If test bull is used as sire 10000 16000 21500 26500 32000 37000 42500
procurement based on
If proven bull is used 13000 19000 26000 31000 38000 43000 47500
type of sire used
The maximum EBVM 980 Kg of top Holstein based
9800 9800 19600 19600 29400 29400 29400
procurement price based on analysis of data up to Dec. 2012
on the EBVM 980 Kg.
and 56 Kg of EBVS of top Holstein
and 56 Kg. of EBVS
based on analysis of data up to Dec. 2800 2800 5600 5600 11200 11200 11200
with lactation milk yield
2012
of 8262 liters
If top progeny tested sire is used for this top Holstein dam, the bull
23640 29640 47280 52280 72720 77720 82220
calf born from this mating will get the price of
If the born calf are taken care of well and additional body weight
of 20% more weight gain then the additional procurement of the 1125 3600 3600 4200 5400 6100 7100
calf born from this top cows
The maximum procurement price of the bull calf born from this
24765 33240 50880 56480 78120 83820 90020
top Holstein cows will be

EBVM = Expected Breeding Value of Milk,

EBVS = Expected Breeding Value of Valuable Solid

137
 cg';'rL–!#
-bkmf @)=!^ ;+u ;DalGwt_
ufO{ e}+;Lsf] k|fljlws ;"rs

>f]]t s]Gb|sf nflu afR5L, kf8L 5gf}6 ubf{ afR5Lsf dfpFx?sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf b]xfosf ;'rsfÍsf]
cfwf/df 5gf}+6 ug'{ kb{5 .
kz'x?sf] pTkfbg ;"rsfÍ ljj/0f ufO{ e};L
dfpFsf] jflif{s b'w pTkfbg -ln6/_ #))) ln6/ !%)) ln6/
k|lt a]t b'w lbg] lbg @)) – #)) lbg !%) – @)) lbg
klxnf] k6s afnL hfg] pd]/ -dlxgf_ !% – !* dlxgf #) – $@ dlxgf
klxnf] k6s Jofpg] pd]/ -dlxgf_ @$ – @& dlxgf al9df $* dlxgf
Jofpg] cGt/fn -dlxgf_ !@ – !% dlxgf al9df !* dlxgf

138
 cg';'rL–!$ -s_
-bkmf *=!), !$=!! / @)=!$ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

uf]7df k|lt ufO{ e}:fL rflxg] :yfg -a=kmL=_

Kfz'sf] lsl;d If]qkmn -ju{kmL6_ bfgf vfg] 8'8 -
5f]lkPsf] If]q V"fNnf If]q OGr_
ufO{ @) — #) *) — !)) @) — @$
Ef};L @% — #% *) — !)) @$ —#)
sf]/nL÷ax/ !% — @) %) — ^) !%— @)
Aofpg] ufO{÷e};L !)) — !@) !*) — @)) @$— #)
/fFuf]÷;fF9] !@) —!$) @)) — @%) @$ — #)

Gf]f6M ;dfGotof k|lt ufO{ uf]7 leq nDjfO{ / rf}8fO{ qmdzM !=&—!=( dL= / !=@—!=% dL= tyf
e};Lsf] nflu nDafO{ @=@% dL= / rf}8fO{ !=@% dL= x'g'kb{5 . bfgf / kfgLsf] 8'F8 kvf{nl;t hf]8]/
;dfgfGt/ x'g]u/L agfpg' kb{5 . uf]7sf] s'n nDjfO{ / rf}8fO{ a:t'sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f
ug{'kb{5 . uf]7sf] df]x8f kxf8L e]udf blIf0f tyf t/fO{ e]udf pQ/L df]x8f x'g'kb{5 .

139
 cg';'rL–!$ -v_
-bkmf *=!), !$=!! / @)=!$ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

6«]leh lgdf{0fsf dfkb08x?

1. 6«]leh lgdf{0f ug{ 7fpFsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ aif}{ e/L df]6/ hfg ;Sg], ;a}nfO{ kfos kg]{ / kfgL
ghDg] x'g' kb{5 .
2. e"O{sf] ;tx clgjfo{ ?kdf s+lqm6 9nfg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
3. 6«]lehsf] vDjf (Pillars) sDtLdf @ OGr df]6f] UofNefgfO{H8 kmnfdsf] kfO{k (GI Pipe) sf]
x'g' kb{5 .
4. 6«]lehsf] cuf8Lsf] vDjfsf] prfO{ @ dL6/, nDafO{ # dL6/ / k5f8Lsf] vDjfsf] prfO{ !
dL6/ Pj+ b'O{ j6f ;dfgfGt/ vDjfsf] rf}8fO{ ! dL6/ ;Ddsf] x'g' kb{5 .
5. 6«]lehsf] cuf8L / k5f8Lsf] vDjfsf] aLrdf sDtLdf ! yk vDaf lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
6. 6«]lehsf] vDjf sDtLdf ! lkm6 e'O{ tn uf8\g' kg]{ x'G5 / tNnf] vDaf eGbf k5f8L sDtLdf
! dL6/ 9nfg u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

140
 kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf — @)^*
-bf]>f] ;+zf]wg — @)&)_

g]kfndf b'w cfwfl/t pBf]usf] j[l4 x'b} hfg'sf] ;fy} b'w, tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf] pkef]udf
;d]t j[l4 e} dfu cg';f/sf] cfk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf]n] b'w tyf df;'sf] pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug{ kz'sf]
gZn ;'wf/ ug{ s[lqd uef{wfg u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs÷gLlh÷;fe]mbf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 /fli6«o
cleofgsf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] cf=j= )^*÷)^( sf] jh]6
aQmJo dfk{mt 3f]if0ff u/]sf] kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ b]xfosf
lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd ækz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd
;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^*Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 l:js[t ePkl5 k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf, -
-s_ ælgb]l{ zsfÆ eGgfn] ækz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;+rfng
lgb]{lzsf, @)^*Æ ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æsfo{qmdÆ eGgfn] kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd ;Demg'k5{ .
-u_ æ;]jfÆ eGgfn] s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf * jdf]lhd ul7t s]lGb|o kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo
;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;fd'bflos kz'
k|hgg sf]if ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æs]Gb|Æ eGgfn] ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;Demg' k5{ .
#= p2]ZoM o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf 5g\
-s_ ufO{ tyf e};Ldf kz' k|hgg;]jf åf/f j0f{z+s/ afR5f afR5L tyf kf8f
kf8L pTkfbg ul/ :jb]zdf g} pGgt hftsf kz'sf] cfk'lt{ a[l¢ ug]{ .
-v_ ;]jf lj:tf/ u/L b'w tyf df;'sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a[l¢ ug]{ .
-u_ /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|, kz' k|hgg sfof{nox? Tfyf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf]
Ifdtf clea[l4 u/L lbuf] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
$= /0fgLltM bkmf # jdf]lhdsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu b]xfosf] /0fgLlt ckgfO{g] 5M
-s_ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t b'w pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf
;/f]sf/jfnf cGo ;+3÷;+:yfx? dfkm{t ;fd'bflos ?kdf kz' k|hgg
s]Gb||x? :yfkgf u/L ;]jf lj:tf/ ug]{,

141
 -v_ ;]jf lj:tf/sf nflu /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|, kz' k|hgg sfof{no Tfyf
;+nUg lgsfox?sf] klg Ifdtf clea[l4 u/L cfjZos t/n gfO6f«]hg /
hd]sf] ljo{sf] pTkfbg tyf cfk'lt{ a9fOg],
-u_ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if :yfkgf ug]{,
-3_ ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf gLlh If]qdf gZn ;'wf/df ;+nUg k|fljlws
hgzlStsf] bIftf clea[l¢ u/L :t/Lo ;]jf pknAw u/fOg] .
-ª_ kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;DjlGw cGo gofF k|ljlwx?sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ .
-r_ ufO{ tyf e}+;Ldf kz' k|hgg\ ;]jf 4f/f afR5f afR5L tyf kf8f kf8L
pTkfbg ug{ :jb]zdfg} pGgt hftsf ufO{ e}+;L >f]t ljsf; s]Gb|
:yfkgf u/L cfk'lt{sf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .

kl/R5]b @
sfo{qmd ;DjGwL
%= sfo{qmdsf] cjlwM -!_ sfo{qmdsf] calw % jif{ -cf=j= @)^*÷)^( b]lv @)&#÷&$ ;Dd_
x'g]5 .
-@_ klxnf] r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/df ;]jfsf] cjlw lj:tf/ ug{
;lsg]5 .

^= sfo{{qmd nfu' x'g]M -!_ klxnf] r/0fsf]] nflu ;]jf ;+rfng eO{/x]sf kfFr ljsf; If]qsf @%
lhNnfx?df of] sfo{qmd nfu' ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhdsf k|To]s lhNnf leq sDtLdf * j6fsf] b/n] klxnf]
r/0fdf @%) :yfgdf ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?sf] lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .
-#_ kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x? gePsf] uf=lj=;= x?df kz' ;]jf ljefu tyf lghL If]q
;+usf] ;xsfo{df ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ jdf]lhd :yfkgf ul/g] ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x? ;DjlGwt
uf=lj=;= df /x]sf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;ldtL, s[lif
;xsf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo lgsfo, s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldtLsf] ;xsfo{df
;+rfng ul/g]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf jdf]lhd ljleGg r/0fdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] lhNnf tyf
:yfgx? cg';'lr ! df tf]lsP jdf]lhd x'g]5 .

&= lhNnf 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/M bkmf ^ sf] k|of]hgfsf] nflu lhNnfsf] 5gf}6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df
ul/g]5
-s_ b'wfn' :yfgLo gZnsf ufO{ e};L kof{Kt ;+Vofdf /x]sf,
-v_ sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] :yfgx?df ;8s, af6f] / ljh'nL h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf]
;'ljwf ePsf],

142
 -u_ xfn;Dd sfo{qmd ;kmntfk'j{s ;+rfng e}/x]sf] lhNnfx? .
-3_ b''w tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{x?sf] lalqm ljt/0fsf] nflu ahf/sf] kx'Fr ePsf],
-ª_ ;/sf/L, lghL tyf ;xsf/L b'Uw pBf]u tyf lr:ofg s]Gb|x? ;+rfng /x]sf :yfg,
-r_ ;DjlGwt lhNnfdf b'w pTkfbg ks]6 If]q lgwf{/0f ePsf] / b'w pTkfbg a[l4 ug]{
kof{Kt ;Defjgf /x]sf] .
*= s]lGb|o kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldltM
-!_ sfo{qmdsf] gLltut Joj:yf ug{ b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] kbflwsf/L /x]sf] s]lGb|o kz' gZn
;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldlt /xg]5M
-s_ dxflgb]{zs, kz' ;]jf ljefu ;+of]hs
-v_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno ;x–;+of]hs
-u_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-3_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' ;]jf tfnLd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-ª_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, kz' k+5L ahf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-r_ k|d'v, /fli6«o r/0f tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| ;b:o
-5_ k|ltlgwL, cg'udg dxfzfvf, s[lif ljsf; d+Gqfno ;b:o
-h_ k|ltlgwL, cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg zfvf, kz' ;]jf ljefu ;b:o
-em_ k|d'v, s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e};L k|j¢{g sfof{no ;b:o
-`_ k|d'v, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb, kz' k|hgg dxfzfvf ;b:o
-6_ sfo{qmd kmf]sn clws[t, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno ;b:o
-7_ nfOe:6s ljz]if1, b'Uw ljsf; af]8{ ;b:o
-8_ k|d'v k|fljlws clws[t, b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg ;b:o
-9_ cWoIf, s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ;b:o
-0f_ k|ltlgwL -ljefun] tf]s]sf]_ 8]/L pBdLx? dWo]af6 ;b:o
-t_ cWoIf, g]kfn kf/fe]6]/Lg/L P08 nfOe:6s P;f]l;P;g ;b:o
-y_ k|d'v, /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;b:o–;lrj

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] j}7s cfjZostfg';f/ j:g]5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ jdf]lhd ;ldltsf] j}7sdf ;DjlGwt lj1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

(= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd
5g\M
-s_ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ >f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-v_ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ljleGg lgsfox? jLr ;dGjo u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf ;xhtf
k|bfg ug]{,
-u_ sfo{qmdsf] cfjlws ?kdf cg'udg tyf ;dLIff u/L cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f lbg],
-3_ sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos cGo sfd ug]{, u/fpg] .

143
 kl/R5]b #
;]jf ;~rfng ;DjGwL

!)= ;]jf ;~rfng k|lqmofM

-!_ o; sfo{qmd jdf]lhdsf] ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ k|s[of b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ :yfgLo ufO{, e};Lsf] jfx'Notf ePsf] uf=lj=;=x?nfO{ ks]6 If]qsf] ?kdf 5gf}6
ug]{,
-v_ kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u ;DalGwt sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ OR5's :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yf, b'Uw pTkfbs tyf cGo ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ag pkef]Stf ;d'x, b'Uw
lr:ofg s]Gb|x?, kz'kfng ;d'x÷;ldltsf] 5gf}6 u/L ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg
s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{,
-u_ v08 -v_ jdf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf lgsfo;+u ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ;Ddmf}tf
u/L ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{,
-3_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 cg';'lr % df tf]lsP jdf]lhd Pssflns s[lqd
uef{wfg sfo{qmd tyf cg';'rL ^ df tf]lsP jdf]lhd 3'DtL s[lqd uef{wfg
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
-@_ ;]jf ;~rfng ;DjGwL cGo k|s[of cg';'lr # df tf]s] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
!!= lhNnf kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldltM
-!_ ;]jf ;~rfngnfO{ k|efjsfl/ agfpg b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] lhNnf kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo
;ldlt /xg]5M
-s_ k|d'v, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ;+of]hs
-v_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf ;DjlGwt clws[t ;x—;+of]hs
-u_ k|ltlgwL, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o
-3_ cWoIf, lhNnf b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf ;b:o
-ª_ k|ltlgwL, b'Uw ljsf; ;:+wfg÷lghL 8]/L pBdL ;b:o
-r_ k|ltlgwL, lghL s[lqd uef{wfg stf{ ;b:o
-5_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf ;DjlGwt k|fljlws ;b:o ;lrj
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] cfjZostfg';f/ s'g} lj1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}+7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 .

!@= lhNnf kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M
-s_ ;fd'bfoLs kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu pko'St ;xsfo{ ;+:yf 5gf}+6 ug]{ .
-v_ ;fd'bfoLs kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;Grfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?;+u cg';"rL & / * adf]lhd
;Demf}tf .
-u_ lhNnfdf :yflkt ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?sf] :ynut cg'udg ug]{,
-3_ :yfgLo lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo u/L ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifdf cfly{s ;xof]u
h'6fpg kxn ug]{,

144
 -ª_ sfo{ k|ultsf] ;do ;dodf ;ldIff u/L ;'wf/ ug]{ . ;fy} sfo{/t ;/sf/L lghL tyf
;fd'bflos s[lqd uef{wfgstf{x?sf] cfk;L ;dGjo tyf sfo{s|d ;'wf/sf] nflu
slDtdf jif{sf] Ps k6s cGt/lqmof ug]{ / ;f]sf] hgsf/L /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|, kz'
pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno Pj+ kz' ;]jf ljefu nfO{ lbg] .
-r_ pGgt kz'x?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'b} hf+bf ufO{ tyf e}+;Lkfngdf b]lvg] k|hgg\ ljs[lt
af+emf]kg lgjf/0f, cg'Tkfbs kz'x?sf] pkrf/ tyf k'g{pTkfbs agfpgsf nflu
lj1x?sf] Joj:yf u/L uf]7 – uf]7 -Door to Door _ ;Dd sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ .

!#= ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifsf] :yfkgfM -!_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?sf] lbuf]
;+rfngsf] nflu k|To]s s]Gb|df æ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifÆ gfdsf] Ps sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
ul/g] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] /sd hDdf x'g]5M
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd
-v_ ;fd'bfoLs kz' k|hgg s]Gb| /x]sf] ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd,
-u_ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf÷jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf
;/f]sf/jfnf cGo ;+3÷;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt ug]{ /sd,
-3_ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL, ;/sf/L tyf u}x| ;/sf/L bft[ lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd,
-ª_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bfoLs kz' k|hgg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?÷pkef]Qmf s[ifs
;d"x÷;ldlt af6 ;+sng x'g] /sd,
-r_ sf]ifsf] nflu cGo lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd,
-5_ pGgt hftsf kz'x?df s[lqd uef{wfg z'Nsaf6 k|fKt x'g] @) k|ltzt /sd
-h_ sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 cfDbfgL ePsf] Jofh /sd
-´_ cGo ;Defljt >f]tx?
-#_ :yflgo :t/df ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ tyf bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf ! adf]lhdsf] sf]if
kl/rfng ug{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldlt /xg] 5 .
-s_ cWoIf÷;lrj÷sf]iffWoIf, ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf ;+of]hs
-v_ k|ltlgwL, :yflgo lgsfo ;b:o
-u_ k|d'v, ;+jlGwt kz' ;]jf÷pks]Gb| ;b:o
-3_ k|ltlgwL, s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L ;b:o
-ª_ s[lqd uef{wfg stf{ ;b:o ;lrj
-$_ pkbkm # adf]lhd ul7t ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]Gb| ;+rfns ;ldltsf] sfd,
st{Jo tyf clwsf/M
-s_ ;fd'bfoLs kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;Grfng ug{ cg';"rL * adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ug]{.
-v_ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{
-u_ :yfgLo lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo u/L ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifdf cfly{s ;xof]u
h'6fpg kxn ug]{,
-3_ ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf tyf cfj:ystf cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ clen]v Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
-ª_ ;]jf jfkt z'Ns tyf s[lqd uef{wfg stf{sf] kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-r_ sfo{ k|ult lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
-5_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|, pks]Gb|÷;DjlGwt lgsfon] tf]s]sf] cGo
sfo{ ug]{ .

145
!$= sf]ifsf] ;~rfngM -!_ bkmf !# adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifsf] ;Grfng b]xfo cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-@_ bkmf !$ jdf]lhdsf] sf]ifdfhDdf x'g cfPsf] /sd glhssf] a}+Ídf ;DjlGwt
;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfosf cWoIf jf ;lrj jf
sf]iffWoIf dWo] s'g} Ps hgfsf] / ;DjlGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb| k|d'vsf]
;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 ;Grfng x'g] sf]ifsf] rNtL vftf vf]nL hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ sf]ifsf] /sd ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b]xfosf] k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{
ul/g]5 .
-s_ :yfgLo ufO{ jf e};Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg ubf{ nfUg] l;d]g :6« jfkt
s[ifsn] j'emfpg kg]{ ;]jf z'Ns,
-v_ :yfgLo ufO{ jf e};Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{
;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ ;]jf z'Ns,
-u_ :yflgo ufO{ jf e};Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf u/fP jfkt s[ifsx?nfO{
k|f]T;fxg:j?k Ps;o ?k}of ;Dd j/fj/sf] 3fF;sf] jLp tyf o'l/of
ldg/n df]nf;]; Jns jf gub k|bfg ug{,
-3_ s[ifsx?sf] ufO{ e};Lx?df cfjZostfg';f/ uf]7 Aoj:yfkg, 8«]lGrË,
EofS;Lg];g, cg'Tkfbs tyf afemf]kg lgjf/0f k/fdz{ ;]jf, 6L6 l8lkË,
;fO{n]h lkml8Ë, O{la|8LË Go"gLs/0f, 3/uf]7 sfo{qmd cflb h:tf sfo{x?
u/fpg .

!%= sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0fM o; lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ePsf] sf]ifsf] n]vf
kl/If0f k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
!^= ;]jf z'Ns gnfUg]M o; lgb]{lzsfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf
lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ ;]jf k|bfosn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;]jf z'Ns lng kfpg] 5}g .
!&= cg'udg tyf d'Nofs+gM sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pj+ k|efjsfl/tfsf] jf/]df If]qLo kz' ;]jf
lgb]{zgfno, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, /fli6o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
;d]tn] cfk;L ;dGjo u/L cfjlws?kdf ;]jf ;~rfngsf] cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno / kz' ;]jf ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!* sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] e"ldsfM sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] qmddf ;+nUg ljleGg
lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf tyf bfloTj cg';'lr @ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 / To:tf] bfloTj k"/f ug'{
;DjlGwt ;j}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!(= tflnd tyf uf]i7Lsf] ;~rfngM l:js[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ s]lGb|o, lhNnf / ufpF jf
gu/ :tl/o uf]i7L jf tflnddf k]z x'g] sfo{kq / uf]i7Lsf] nflu cfjZos jh]6 tyf
ef}lts ;fdfu|Lsf] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[t dfkb08 jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
@)= lgb]{lzsfsf] JofVofM sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf o; lgb]{lzsfsf] s'g} k|fjwfgn] s'g}
jfwf c8rg cfPdf jf lgb]{lzsfn] :ki6 ?kdf Joj:yf gu/]df To;sf] JofVof ug]{ tyf
:ki6 ug]{ clwsf/ s]lGb|o ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 .
@!= cg';'lrdf ;+zf]wgM lgb]{lzsf] cg';'lrsf] x]/k]m/ tyf ;+zf]wg ;ldltn] ug]{5 .

146
 cg';'lr !
-bkmf ^ ;+u ;DjlGwt_
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] lhNnfx?
!= k|yd r/0f -cf=j= @)^*÷)^(_
-s_ k"jf{~rn–dmfkf, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf,
-v_ dWodf~rn– wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, af/f, dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, g'jfsf]6 ,
sf7df08f}, sfe]|, /fd]5fk
-u_ klZrdf~rn– gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, slkna:t', tgx"F, sf:sL
-3_ dWoklZrdf~rn– afFs], alb{of, bfË,
-ª_ ;'b'/klZrdf~rn– s}nfnL, s+rgk'/
@= bf];|f] r/0f -cf=j= @)^(÷)&)_
-s_ k"jf{~rn – Onfd .
-v_ dWodf~rn– wflbË, /f}tx6, l;Gw'nL, k;f{, nlntk'/, eStk'/ .
-u_ klZrdf~rn – kfNkf afun'Ë .
-3_ dWoklZrdf~rn– ;'v]{t .
#= t];f|] r/0f -cf=j= @)&)÷)&!_
-s_ k'jf{~rnM– wgs'6f / pbok'/
-v_ klZrdf~rnM– :of¨hf, c3f{vf+rL / uf]/vf

cg';'lr @
sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;DjGwdf ljleGg lgsfosf] e"ldsf tyf bfloTj
!= sfo{qmd ;+rfns ;xsfo{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/LM
1. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u ePsf] ;Ddmf}tf cg'?k sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. afx|} dlxgf df]6/ k'Ug] / kfos kg]{ 7fFpdf ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf
pknAw u/fOPsf] gfk, gSzf, / l8hfOg cg';f/ 6]«leh lgdf{0f ug]{ .
3. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|sf] ;fOgaf]8{ ;j}n] b]Vg] u/L /fVg] .
4. ;Dej eP ;Dd s[lqd uef{wfg tyf kz'' k|hgg tflnd lnO{ NffO;]G; k|fKt cyjf
Go'gtd kz' kfng ljifodf h]=6L=P= pkflw xfl;n u/]sf k|fljlwssf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
5. ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= tyf To;sf] jl/kl/ v'Nnf 5fl8Psf k|hgg ug{ ;Sg] efn]sf]
aGWofs/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt AolQm tyf ;+:yf;+u ;dGjo u/L ;DjlGwt k|hgg
-Inbreeding_ Go'gLs/0f ug]{ tkm{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
6. lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u :fdGjo u/L æ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifsf]Æ :Yffkgf ug]{.
7. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifdf cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg ljleGg lgsfo;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
8. cfˆgf] Onfsfsf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|;+u lgoldt :fDks{ Pj+ ;dGjodf /xg] .

147
 9. s[ifsx?nfO{ :yfgLo gZnsf] ufO{÷e};LnfO{ s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf lng k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
10. :yflkt ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?df :yfgLo gZNfsf] ufO{÷e};LnfO{ s[lqd uef{wfg
u/fpbf nfUg] b:t'/ ? @%÷– tyf cGo k|f]T;fxg Kofs]hx? -o'/Lof df]nf;]; ldg/n
Ans, 3fF;sf] jLp, ldg/n ldS;r/ cfbL_ ;DjlGwt ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifaf6
k|bfg ug]{ cfjZos Aoj:yf ug]{ .
11. clgjfo{ ?kdf ufO{÷e}:fLsf] s[lqd uef{wfg tyf sf] b}lgs clen]v /lhi6/df Jojl:yt
u/L /fVg] / ;f] sf] ue{ kl/If0f kZrftsf] cj:yf ;d]t clen]v /fVg] .
12. dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|ult ljj/0f el/ ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|
dfkm{t jf k|fljlwsn] cfkm} lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .

@ kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/LM

1. cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] dftxtdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| tyf lghL kf/fe]6, kz'
k|hgg s]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt lgl/If0f, cg'udg u/L cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] .
2. sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ s'g} lsl;dsf] cK7of/f] cfOk/] jf s'g} ;Nnfx ;'dmfj eP lHfNnf
kz'' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ ;do d} vj/ ug]{ .
3. 3'DtL kz' k|hgg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nonfO{ 3'DtL ?6 to ug{
cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'dmfj lbg] .
4. Pssflns s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ :yfgLo :t/df
;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;DjGw :yflkt ug]{ .
5. ;fd'bflos tyf lglh kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?jf6 dfl;s k|ult ;+sng u/L k|To]s dlxgfsf]
d;fGt eGbf @ lbg klxn] k|fKt x'g] u/L ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .

#= lHfNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/LM

1. ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt uf=lj=;=x?sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?
tyf lhNnf kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;+rfnssf]
5gf}6 ug]{ .
2. ;xsfo{sf] nflu 5flgPsf ;+:yfsf] cg';'rL & sf] km/d]6df ljj/0fx? ;lxt :ynut
lgl/If0f tyf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ;DjGwL 5nkmn ug]{ .
3. ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf;+u ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|df ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ -cg';'rL *
cg';f/_ ;Ddmf}tf ug]{ .
4. 6]«leh lgdf{0f -cg';'rL $_ sfo{sf] k|fljlws dfkb08 cg';f/ lgl/If0f cjnf]sg ug]{ .
5. s[lqd uef{wfg d]zLg cf}hf/ tyf s[lqd uef{wfg ;fdfu|Lx? ;DjlGwt s]Gb|x?nfO{
;dodfg} pknAw u/fpg] .
6. ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf;+u ;dGjo u/L ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/fpg] .
7. :yfgLo gZnsf] ufO{ e};Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg u/] jfkt kfpg] k|f]T;fxg Kofs]hx?
;DjlGwt s]Gb|sf] sf]ifjf6 ljt/0f u/fpg cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
8. v'nf 5fl8Psf k|hggsf nflu cg'ko'Qm ;fF9]÷/fFuf]x?nfO{ jGWofs/0f ug{ cfjZos
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
9. Pssflns s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd -cg';'rL % cg';f/_ ;+rfng ug]{ .
10. 3'DtL kz' k|hgg sfo{qmd -cg';'rL ^ cg';f/_ ug]{ u/fpg] .

148
 11. s]Gb|x?sf] k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf Ps k6s clgjfo{ :ynut cg'udg lgl/If0f ul/
k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ tyf ;do ;dodf s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'dmfj lbg] .
12. :yfgLo ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 hgr]tgfd'ns k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
13. lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ;a} s]Gb|x?sf] leGbf lEfGb} tyf Psd'i7 k|ult ;+of]u ul/ k|To]s
dlxgfsf] d;fGt eGbf ! lbg klxn] ;DjlGwt If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno tyf /fli6«o
kz' k|hgg s]Gb|, kf]v/fdf k|fKt x'g] u/L clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s
k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .

$= kz' k|hgg sfof{nox?sf] lhDd]jf/LM

1. cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf] s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb| tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?nfO{ lgoldt
?kdf t/n gfO6f«]hg / l;d]g pknAw u/fpg] .
2. ;do ;dodf cf–cfˆgf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t /x]sf s]Gb|x?sf] lgl/If0f cg'udg u/L /fli6«o
kz' k|hgg s]Gb|df lgoldt ?kdf k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .
3. cfˆgf] sfo{If]q cGt{utsf s]Gb|x?nfO{ k|fljlws ;Nnfx ;'emfj tyf s[lqd uef{wfg
;DjGwL cGo k/fdz{ lbg] .
4. cfˆgf] sfo{If]q leqsf lhNnfx?df Pssflns tyf 3'DtL s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug{ cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ tyf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ;d]t ug]{ .
%= /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/LM
1. sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ .
2. sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ cfjZos kg]{ s[lqd uef{wfg ;fdfu|Lx? ;DjlGwt lHfNnf tyf
s]Gb|x?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
3. nIo k'/f ug{ cfjZos dfqfdf rflxg] t/n gfO6f«]hg, l;d]g, lgoldt ?kdf cfk'lt{
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
4. ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] nflu cfjZos k|rf/ ;fdfu|L tyf 8fo/L ljt/0f ug]{ .
5. hgr]tgf clej[l¢sf] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .
6. cfjZostfg';f/ lHfNnfx?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] .
7. ck]lIft pknlAw k|flKtsf nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no tyf s]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt
cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] sf] k|lta]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
8. sfo{qmd cg';f/ pTs[i6 s]Gb|, ;]jf k|bfos, ;'kl/j]Ifs, sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ k'/:sf/sf]
nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
9. s[lqd uef{wfg tyf kz' k|hgg tflndx? ;+rfng ug{ kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/
lgb]{zgfno;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
10. u'0f:t/Lo l;d]g pTkfbgsf] nflu /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb|, kf]v/f tyf kz' k|hgg
sfof{nox?sf] k|of]uzfnfx?sf] ;'wf/ tyf ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ / k|hggsf] nflu kflnPsf
/fFuf] ;fF9]x?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
11. ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s ?kdf ;ldIff uf]i7L ug]{ .

12. sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;+of]u ul/ k|To]s dlxgfsf]
d;fGt leq kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .

149
^= If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?sf] lhDd]jf/LM
1. sfo{qmd ;kmntk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg
lbg] .
2. lhNnfdf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg rf}dfl;s ?kdf
cfjZos ;'dmfj ;lxt kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
3. sfo{qmdsf] If]qut ?kdf dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f tof/ kf/L clgjfo{
?kdf k|To]s dlxgfsf] d;fGt leq kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfndf k|fKt x'g] u/L k7fpg] .

&= kz' ;]jf tflnd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/LM

1. nfO;]G; k|fKt gePsf s]Gb|sf k|fljlwsx?sf] nflu /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb| kf]v/f;+u
;dGjo u/L tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ .
2. sfo{qmd cGtu{t k|To]s n6 tflndsf] k|ltj]bg kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
3. tflnd k|fKt ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ug]{ .
4. tflnd kf7oqmd tyf ;xefuL 5gf}6 tyf tflnd ljlwdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug]{

5. cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;Grflnt tflnd sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s

k|ult ljj/0f tof/ kf/L clgjfo{ ?kdf k|To]s dlxgfsf] d;fGt leq kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfndf k|fKt x'g] u/L k7fpg] .

*= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/LM

 sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ljwL / lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L l:js[t u/fpg] / sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .
 l:js[t sfo{ljwL / lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ah]6 / clVtof/L l:js[t u/fO{
;DjlGwt sfof{nox?nfO{ k7fpg] .
 sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ d]zLg/L cf}hf/ ;fdfu|Lx? vl/b u/L ljt/0f ug]{
u/fpg] .
 sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt lgb]{zgfno, ljefu, d+qfno / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox? ;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
 ;Grflnt sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/fpg] tyf
ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fKt lgl/If0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?nfO{ ;do d}
;'wf/sf] nflu k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ .
 sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s tYofÍx? cWofjlws u/L;DjlGwt lgsfodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{
u/fpg] .
 sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f ;+of]u ul/ x/]s dlxgfsf] ! ut]
leq kz' ;]jf ljefudf k'Ug] u/L k7fpg] .

150
 cg';'lr #
-bkmf !) ;+u ;DjlGwt_
;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ k|s[of
sfo{ sfo{ljlw lhDd]jf/L nfUg] ;do
;Defljt uf=lj=;= x?sf :yflgo lgsfo, u}=;=;=, lh=k=;]=sf=, ! lbg
;xsf/L ;+:yf, pkef]Stf ;ldlt, kz'kfns ;d'x, lhNnf kz' gZn
! lhNNff kz' gZn ;'wf/ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 ;'wf/ ;dGjo
;xsfo{ ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ ;ldlt
5gf}6 ePsf ;xsfo{ ;+:yf tyf ;fd'bflos kz' lh=k=;]=sf=, & lbg
@ k|hgg s]Gb| ;+rfng ul/g] :yfgsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f lhNnf kz' gZn
u/L cfjZos ljj/0f tof/ kfg]{ ;'wf/ ;dGjo
;ldlt
# 5gf}6 ePsf ;+rfns ;+:yfx?;+u låkIfLo ;Ddmf}tf lh=k=;]=sf= @ lbg
;DkGg ug]{ .
låkIfLo ;Ddmf}tf cg';f/ ;DjlGwt :f+:yfn] kz'kfng /fli6«o kz' k|hgg !% lbg
ljifodf slDtdf h]=6L=P= tflnd k|fKt ul/ !% lbg] s]Gb| / tflnd
s[=u=tflnd lnPsf OG;]ldg]6/sf] Aoa:yf ug]{ / obL tyf k|;f/
$= tflnd glnPsf k|fljlwsx? eP kz' ;]jf tfnLd tyf
lgb]{zgfno
k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno tyf /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb| dfkm{t
tflnd u/fpg] .

gofF :yflkt kz' k|hgg s]Gb|x?df lgwf{l/t gfk, ;DjlGwt ;+:yf / !% lbg
%= gSzf dfkb08 cg';f/ &%Ü ;/sf/L cg'bfg / @%Ü lhNnf kz' ;]jf
;+rfns ;+:yfsf] nufgLdf 6]«leh lgdf{0f ug]{ . sfof{no
s[=u= ;fdfu|Lx? h:t} sG6]g/, /]k|mL, P=cfO ug, Unf]j, kz' k|hgg & lbg
^= ;Ly, udj'6, Pk|f]g, /]sl8Ëd s[=u= s]Gb|x?nfO{ s]Gb||÷lh=k=;]=sf=
x:tfGt/0f ug]{
:yfgLo ufO{, e}:fLdf Pssflns s[=u= sfo{qmd lh=k=;]=sf= lglZrt
& ;+rfng ug{ Kofs]h d} cfjZos ;fdfu|Lx? pknAw ;dodf
u/fO{ Pssflns s[=u= ;+rfng ug]{ .
;a} lh=k=;]=sf=af6 ljz]if ul/ :yfgLo ufO{nfO{ lh=k=;]=sf= cfjZoStf
* nlIft ul/ s'g} vf; dfu{df 3'DtL s[lqd k|hgg cg';f/
;]jf ;+rfng ug]{

151
 s[=u=s]Gb| ;+rfng x'g] :yfgsf clgolGqt ?kdf s[=u=s]Gb|, lhNnf #) lbg
( kflnPsf efn] kz'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf kz' ;]jf sfof{no,
AolQmsf] ;dGjodf jGWofs/0f ug{ nufpg] . :yflgo lgsfo
s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf ;+rfngsf] nflu cleofg lh=k=;]=sf= cfjZos
!) cGtu{t ;j} s[=u=s]Gb|x?nfO{ lgz'Ns t/n gfO6«f]hg ePsf]
pknAw u/fpg] . a]nf
cleofg sfo{qmd nufot ;Dk'0f{ s[lqd uef{wfg /f=k=k|=s]Gb|, cfjZoStf
sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos dfqfdf rflxg] t/n kz' k|hgg cg';f/
!! gfO{6f«]hg tyf hd]sf] ljo{sf] :6« /fli6«o kz' k|hgg sfof{nox?
s]Gb| tyf k|hgg sfof{nox?n] lh=k=;]=sf=dfkm{t
;a} s[=u=s]Gb|x?nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf pknAw u/fpg] .

lhNnfdf ;+rflnt k|To]s s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb|n] s[lqd uef{wfg dlxgfsf]

s[lqd uef{wfgsf] lgoldt clen]v /fvL dlxgfsf] s]Gb|x? Ps k6s
!@ d;fGt eGbf @ lbg cuf8L g} k|fKt x'g] u/L clgjfo{
?kdf ;DalGwt lh=k=;]=sf= df k|ult k7fpg] .

lh=k=;]=sf=x?n] k|To]s dlxgfsf] d;fGt eGbf ! lbg lh=k=;]=sf= dlxgf !@

cufj} cuf8L g} k|fKt x'g] u/L k|To]s s[=u=s]Gb|sf] rf}dfl;s #
!# leGbf lEfGb} tyf Psd'i6 dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ci6dfl;s !
Kf|ult sDkfOn u/L clgjfo{ ?kdf /fli6«o kz' aflif{s !
k|hgg s]Gb|, kf]v/f / ;DalGwt If]=k=;]=lg= df
k7fpg] .
;DalGwt If]=k=;]=lg=n] k|To]s lHfNnfsf] leGbf leGb} /fli6«o kz' k|hgg dlxgf !@
tyf Psd'i6 dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / aflif{s k|ult s]Gb| rf}dfl;s #
!$ ljj/0f k|To]s dlxgfsf] d;fGt leq clgjfo{ ?kdf ci6dfl;s !
k|fKt x'g] u/L kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno, xl/x/ejgdf aflif{s !
k7fpg] .
k|To]s If]=k=;]=lg=n] sfo{qmd ;kmntfk'j{s ;+rfng If]qLo kz' ;]jf k|To]s
ug{ u/fpg cfˆgf] dftxtsf lh=k=;]=sf= tyf lgb]{zgfno rf}dfl;sdf
;fdm]bf/ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df ;+rflnt s[lqd slDtdf !
!% uef{wfg s]Gb|x?sf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f tyf k[i7kf]if0f k6s
ug]{ / lgl/If0f tyf cg'udgsf] qmddf b]vf k/]sf
;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox? ;lxt kz' pTkfbg
lgb]{zgfnodf k|ltj]bg k7fpg]

152
 cleofg cGtu{t s[lqd uef{wfgaf6 HfGd]sf s]lGb|o ufO{ e};L cfjZoStf
j0f{z+s/ efn] afR5f kf8fx?sf] clen]v /fvL s]Gb|Lo k|hgg sfof{no cg';f/
!^ ufO{ e};L k|a4{g sfof{nosf] lgoldt sfo{qmddf /fli6o kz' k|hgg
;dflxt u/L /fli6«o :t/sf] gZn ;'wf/ k|of;df s]Gb|
cfj4 u/fpg] .

:yflgo gZnsf] ufO{ e};Ldf s'lqd uef{wfg u/fpg] ;fd'bflos s[lqd cfjZoStf
s[ifsx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j?k o'l/of df]nf;]; ldg/n uef{wfg s]Gb| cg';f/
!& Ans tyf df};d cg';f/sf] 3fF;sf] ljpsf] ls6
;DjlGwt kz' k|hgg sf]ifjf6 ljt/0f ug]{ .

hgr]tgf clea[l4sf] nflu If]qLo :t/df lh= k=;]=sf=, cfjZost

cled'vLs/0f tyf ljleGg lsl;dsf krf{, kDkn]6, k=p= lgb]{zgfno, f cg';f/
!*
lnkmn]6, tyf :yflgo Pkm Pdx?af6 sfo{qmdaf/] /fli6«o kz' k|hgg
k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ . s]Gb
lh=k=;]=sf= tyf s[=u= s]Gb|x?n] o; cleofg sfo{qmd lh=k=;]=sf= / cfjZost
af/] s'g} lsl;dsf] yk lh1f;f tyf cGo s'g} /fli6«o kz' k|hgg f cg';f/
!(
hfgsf/L rflxPsf] cj:yfdf o; sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v s]Gb|
;+of]hs /fli6«o kz' k|hgg s]Gb| kf]v/fdf l;wf ;Dks{
/fVg] .

b|i6JoM o; sfo{ljwLdf pNn]v gePsf] ljifox?sf] xsdf kz' ;]jf ljefusf] dfkb08, lgb]{lzsf
tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

153
 cg';'rL $
6]«leh lgdf{0fsf] nflu gfk, gSzf tyf dfkb08
1. 6«]lah lgdf{0f ug{ 7fpFsf] 5gf}+6 ubf{ jif}{e/L df]6/ hfg ;Sg], ;a}nfO{ kfos kg]{, kfgL
ghDg] x'g' kb{5 .
2. 6«]lah lgdf{0f ubf{ e"O{sf] ;tx clgjfo{ ?kdf s+s[6 9nfg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
3. 6«]lehsf] kfOk @Æ df]6f] kmnfdsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
4. 6«]ljhsf] gfk tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 cg';f/ x'g]5 .

cg';'rL %
-bkmf !) ;+u ;DjlGwt_
Pssflns s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf ;+rfng ljwL
1. s'g} Pp6f lglZrt ks]6 If]qsf !)) lhp Ct' rqmdf gcfpg] t/ k|hgg of]Uo :j:Yo
:yfgLo ufO{÷e}:fL 5gf]6 ug]{ .
2. 5gf}6 ul/Psf ;j} ufO{÷e};LnfO{ h'sf lj?4sf] ! 8f]h cf}iflw v'jfpg] .
3. h'sfsf] cf}iflw v'jfPsf] ef]nLkN6 b]lv & lbg ;Dd lnj/ 6fFlgs / @) lbg;Dd ldg/nsf]
rSsL v'jfpg] .
4. of] pkrf/sf] qmddf Ct' sfndf cfpg] kz'nfO{ plrt ;dodf lhNnfsf] 3'DtL s[=u=
6f]nLn] OG;]ldg]6 ug]{ .
5. !! lbgleq afnL gvf]Hg] ufO{nfO{ xj{n lx6 OG8\o';/ cf}iflw v'jfpg] .
6. @) lbgleq afnL vf]Hg] ufO{nfO{ plrt ;dodf Og;]ldg]6 ug]{ .
7. @) lbgleq ;d]t jfnL gvf]Hg] kz'nfO{ k'gM Psrf]6L xj{n lx6 OG8o';/ v'jfpg] .
8. @% lbg kZrft ;d]t jfnL gvf]Hg] kz'x?nfO{ xdf]{gsf] ;'O{ - pGF2α _ nufpg] .
lj1sf] lzkmfl/; cg';f/ cGo xdf]{g ;d]t pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .
(= @$, $*, &@ 306f jf cfj:ostf cg';f/ % lbg ;Dd ;DjlGwt If]qdf uO{ jfnL vf]Hg]
kz'x?nfO{ s[lqd uef{wfg ug]{ .

154
 cg';'rL ^
-bkmf !) ;+u ;DjlGwt_
3'DtL ;]jf sfo{qmd ;+rfng sfo{ljlw
1. o; sfo{sf] nflu lhNnfdf ePsf ef}lts ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ .
2. 3'DtL ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ k|To]s lhNnfn] Pp6f lgZlrt dfu{ lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
3. pSt dfu{df cfjZoStf cg';f/sf] 6«]leh lgdf{0f ug]{ .
4. k|To]s lbg Pp6f lglZrt ;dodf P cfO ;fdfu|L lnP/ lgwf{l/t dfu{df tyf dfu ePsf] :yfgdf
hfg]
5. Ct'sfndf cfPsf] kz'x?nfO{ 3'DtL ;]jf pknJw x'g] :yfgdf hDdf ug{ nufO{ s[lqd uef{wfg
ug]{ .
6. 3'DtL ;]jfsf] nflu OGwg tyf b}lgs e|d0f eQf sf] vr{ ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no.
;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifn] Aoxf]g{] .

155
 cg';'rL &
-bkmf !@ ;u+ ;DjlGwt_
kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ rfxg] ;+:yfn] ;Ddmf}tf k"j{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ lja/0fx?
! :yflgo lgsfo÷:f+:yfsf] gfdM–
@ 7]ufgfM–
# kz' k|hgg s]Gb| / 6]«leh /fVg] :yfgM–
$ ;DjlGwt uf=lj=;=sf] ufO{ e};Lsf] tYof+Í
afR5L ÷kf8L -@) dlxgf
kz'sf] hft s'n hDDff :yflgo gZn pGgt gZn
d'gL_
ufO{
Ef};L

% ;]jf k|bfos -OG;]ldg]6/_ sf] gfdM–

^ 7]ufgfM–
& kz'kfng h]=6L=P= kf; u/]sf] ;fn M–
* k|fljlws lzIffnosf] gfdM–
( h]=6L=P= tflndsf] nAwfÍ–kq
!) h]=6L=P= tflndsf] k|df0f–kq
!! s[lqd uef{wfg tyf kz' k|hgg tflnd lnPsf] k|df0f–kq
!@ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnkL
!# cg'ejsf] k|df0f–kq s]xL eP
!$ OG;]dLg]6/ eO{ sfo{ ug{ ;+:yf;+u ePsf] ;Ddmf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL
!% ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifsf] vftf ;+rfng ul/g] a}+ssf] gfd / vftfjfnfx?sf] gfdM–

156
 cg';'rL *
-bkmf !@ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| ;+rfng ug{ :f+:yf ;+u ul/g] ;Ddmf}tf kqsf] gd'gf
kz' ;]jf ljefu÷kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno¢f/f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
==========================dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/g] rfn' cf=j= @)^===÷)^=== sf] l:js[t kz' gZn ;'wf/
/fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t lHfNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{no=================-o;kl5 klxnf] kIf
elgPsf]_ / >L============================================= -o;kl5 bf]>f] kIf elgPsf]_ ljr tkl;nsf
zt{gfdfx? d~h'/ eO{ ;fd'bflos kz' s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{
låkIfLo ;Ddmf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
tkl;n
-!_ of] sfo{qmd ljz]if u/L :yfgLo gZnsf] ufO{ e};Lsf] gZn ;'wf/sf] nflu ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
-@_ sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu cyjf ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf / 6«]leh lgdf{0fsf]
nflu cfjZos hUuf jf :yfgsf] Aoj:yf bf]>f] kIf :jo+n] ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-#_ 6«]leh lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu k|yd kIfn] s'n vr{sf] &%∞ vr{ cyjf ljlgof]lht ah]6sf]
kl/lw leq /lx cg'bfg :j?k b'O{ ls:tfdf pknJw u/fpg] 5 tyf jfsL /sd bf]>f] kIfn]
j]xf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ sfo{qmdsf] nflu rflxg] sG6]g/, /]k|mL, P cfO ug, uda'6, l;y, Unf]j, Pk|f]g Ps k6ssf]
nflu k|yd kIfn] cg'bfg :j?k pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-%_ s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{ ug{ nfO{;]G; k|fKt jf slDtdf kz'kfng ljifodf h]=l6=P= pkflw
xfl;n u/]sf jf CTEVT af6 Skill test plt0f{ eO{ h]=l6=P= :t/ dfGotf k|fKt k|fljlwssf]
Joj:yf bf]>f] kIf :jo+n] ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ lbuf]?kdf sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;DjlGwt ;+:yf bf]>f] kIfn] Pp6f ;fd'bflos kz'
k|hgg sf]if :yfkgf ug'{kg]{5 . h'g sf]ifdf k|yd kIfn] ;d]t ? ===============÷– cg'bfgsf]
?kdf pkNfAw u/fpg]5 / ;f]xL a/fa/ /sd bf]>f] kIfn] ;d]t hDdf ug'{kg]{5 tyf cGo
;xof]uL lgsfoaf6 ;d]t ;xof]usf] nflu cfjZos kxn ug{'kg]{5
-&_ k|yd kIfn] cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t s[lqd uef{wfgsf] nflu rflxg] vr{x'g] ;fdfgx?
gfO6f«]hg, ;Ly Unf]j lgZf'Ns pknAw u/fpg] 5 . t/ l;d]g :6« jfkt ? @% /fhZj
a'dmfpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ bf]>f] kIfn] ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ j0f{z+s/ kz'sf] xsdf s[lqd uef{wfg z'Ns ?================÷–
dfq lngkfpg] 5 . h;sf] sDtLdf @) k|ltztsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd ?==================÷–
dfq ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{5 . t/ :yfgLo gZnsf] kz'x?nfO{
lgz'Ns s[lqd uef{wfg ug'{kg]{5 .

157
-(_ :yfgLo ufO{ e};Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg u/fP jfkt ;DjlGwt ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j?k o'/Lof
df]nf;]; Ans / df};d cg';f/sf] 3fF;sf] ljpsf] ls6, kz' k|hgg sf]ifaf6 bf]>f] kIfn]
:jo+ pknAw u/fpg] 5 .
-!)_ bf];f|] kIfn] lgoldt ?kdf ;Dk'0f{ sfo{qmdx?sf] clen]v /lhi6/ v8f u/L Aoal:yt tj/n]
/fVg'kg]{5 .
-!!_ sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s ?kdf k|ult k|ltj]bg lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf bf]>f] kIfn] k|yd kIfnfO{ clgjfo{
?kn] a'dmfpg'kg]{ 5 .
-!@_ s'g} sf/0faz sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g g;s] cyjf s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb| aGb x'g uPdf k|fKt
;Dk'0f{ ;fdfu|Lx? k|yd kIfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-!#_ o; ;Ddmf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf] cGo Aoxf]/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cyjf b'O{
kIfsf] cfk;L ;xdlt cg'?k x'g]5 .

k|yd kIfsf] tkm{af6 bf];f|] kIfsf] tkm{af6

gfdM gfdM
kbM kbM

b:tvtM b:tvtM

ldltM ldltM

sfof{nosf] 5fkM ;+:yfsf] 5fkM

158
 cg';'rL (
-bkmf (, !@ / !$ ;+u ;DjlGwt_
cg'udgsf] 9fFrf
-!_ lhNnfM–
-@_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg s]Gb|sf] gfd / 7]ufgfM–
-#_ :f+rfns ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgfM–
-$_ ;]jf ;+rfng ePsf] ;fn / dlxgfM–
-%_ ;]jf k|bfossf] gfd / tflnd lnPsf] ;fnM–
-^_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if :yfkgf ePsf] ;fn / dlxgfM–
-&_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if cfDbfgL ljj/0f
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 k|fKt /sdM–
;xsfo{ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sdM–
cGo ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt /sdM–
;]jf z'Nsaf6 -@)Ü_ /sdM–
s'n hDdf /sd ?=–
-*_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]if vr{ ljj/0f
:yfgLo kz'nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg u/] jfkt l;d]g vr{ ?=
;]jf pkof]u jfkt k|f]T;fxg vr{ ?=
xfn ;Ddsf] hDdf vr{ ?=
sf]ifdf afFsL df}Hbft /sdM–
-(_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifaf6 xfn;Dd ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ hDdf s[ifs ;+VofM–
-!)_ ;fd'bflos kz' k|hgg sf]ifdf /sd ;xof]u ug]{ cGo ;+:yfx?sf] gfd / ;xof]u /sdM–
-!!_ s[lqd uef{wfgsf] clen]v
;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] ufO{sf] ;+Vof ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] Ef};Lsf] ;+Vof
s'n
:yfgLo Jf0f{z+s/ hDdf :yfgLo Jf0f{z+s/ hDdf
hDdf
Uft dlxgf
;Ddsf]
o; dlxgfsf]
hDdf

159
-!@_ xfn ;Dd hGd]sf] afR5L÷kf8L clen]v

afR5L ;+Vof Kff8L ;+Vof

:yfgLo Jf0f{z+s/ hDdf :yfgLo Jf0f{z+s/ hDdf s'n hDdf
Uft dlxgf
;Dddf
o; dlxgfdf
hDdf

-!#_ xfn ;Dd hGd]sf] afR5f÷kf8f clen]v

afR5f ;+Vof Kff8f ;+Vof

:yfgLo Jf0f{z+s/ hDdf :yfgLo Jf0f{z+s/ hDdf s'n hDdf
Uft dlxgf
;Dddf
o; dlxgfdf
hDdf

-!$_ cGo ;'dmfj s]xL ePM–

lg/LIf0f stf{sf] gfdM– ;]jf k|bfos jf ;+rfnssf] gfdM–

kb x:tfIf/

lg/LIf0f ldltM– ldlt

160
 u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ljlw, @)^$
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&)_
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, ;lrj:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷*÷@^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

!= k[i7e"dL
b]z ljsfzsf] nflu ge} gx'g] >f]t;fwgdWo] dfgj ;+;fwg clt dxTjk"0f{ >f]t;fwg xf] . /fHodf
pknAw k|fs[lts >f]t;fwgsf] ;lx / pko'Qm pkof]u u/L b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;
ug{sf] nflu Tof] b]zsf] dfgj >f]t;fwg k|d'v ?kdf lhDd]jf/ /xG5 . o;df klg !* jif{ b]lv %)
jif{ pd]/;Ddsf] o'jf hgzlQm ;lqmo dfgj >f]t;fwgdf kb{5 . o;/L b]zsf] ;du| ljsf;sf]
nflu cxd e"ldsf v]Ng] !* b]lv %) jif{ pd]/sf] o'jf zlQm /f]huf/Lsf] gfddf b]zjf6 jflx/ hfg]
qmd lbgfg' lbg a9\bf] 5 . o;} tYonfO{ x[bo+ud u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] u|fld0f j]/f]huf/ o'jfzlQm
sf] nflu b]zleq} yk /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x?sf] >[hgf u/L, pgLx?nfO{ :jb]zs} /f]huf/Ldf cfslif{t
ug]{ p2]Zon] u|fld0f o"jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 . ;f]xL gLlt
d'tfljs kz'kfng Joj;fodf 1fg, l;k / bIftf ePsf j]/f]huf/ o"jfx?nfO{ kz'hGo kbfy{ ljlqm
ljt/0f, k|zf]wg tyf kz'kfng;Fu ;DalGwt Joj;fodf ;/Ls u/fO{ :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon]
of] u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsfz sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
@= p2]Zo
!= u|fld0f j]/f]huf/÷cw{ j]/f]huf/÷j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ljf6 kms]{sf o'jf÷o"jtLx?nfO{
k|ToIf /f]huf/ k|bfg u/L :jb]zleq} >[hgf x'g] /f]huf/Ldf cfslif{t ug]{ .
@= o'jfx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofO{ u|fld0f s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= sfo{s|d cjlwM
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf] cjwL # jif{sf] x'g]5 .
$= sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] :yfgM
If]lqo ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df kfFr} ljsf; If]qsf t'ngfTds ?kdf j9L j]/f]huf/÷j}b]lzs
/f]huf/df uPsf lhNnfx?nfO{ ;+efJotfsf] cfwf/df kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] lhNnf
k|fyldlss/0f ;lxt 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
%= :j/f]huf/ k|j4{gsf] nflu ug{ ;Sg] Joj;fox?M
o; cGtu{t lgDg Joj;fox? kg]{ 5g\ M
 kz'kfng -ufO{e};Lkfng, ofsgfs,rf}/Lkfng,afv|fkfng, a+u'/kfng, s'v'/fkfng_
 kz'hGo kbfy{ -b'w, df;'_ k|zf]wg tyf ljlqm ljt/0f, ljljlws/0f ug]{ Joj;fox?
 df;' k;n ;~rfng ug]{ ;DalGw Joj;fox? .
 c08f k;n ;~rfng ug]{ ;DalGw Joj;fox? .
 tf]lsPsf] tflnd tyf of]Uotf k'lu e]6]g/L cf}ifwL tyf kz'k+IfL bfgf ;DalGw
Joj;fo / s[lqd uef{wfg ;DalGw Joj;fo .

161
^= sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k|s[ofM
 ;"rgf k|sfzg
 j9L j]/f]huf/ o'jf÷o"jtLx? ePsf] g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= x?sf] 5gf}6 .
 kz' ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ O{R5's j]/f]huf/ o'jf÷o"jtLx?sf]
5gf}6 .
 u}=;=;=÷o'jf Snj÷;f=;=÷g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= ;+u ;dGjo u/L sfo{s|d ;+rfng .
 ;xeflutfTds cg'udg .
&= sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lgsfox? / ltgsf] lhDd]jf/L
&=! pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLx?sf] lhDd]jf/LM
 cfkm"n] k]z u/]sf] sfo{ of]hgf cg';f/ sfd ug]{ lnlvt k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ug]{ /
;f]xL d'tfljs sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
 slDtdf # jif{ ;Dd Joj;fo 5f]8g gkfpg] .
 lgoldt ?kdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf -cg';"rL ^ cg';f/_ df k|ult ljj/0f e/L
;DalGwt ;]=s]= dfkm{t lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
&=@ kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/L
 cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]qsf] dftxtdf /x]sf o'jf÷o"jtL pBdLx?nfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws
;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
 rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ?kdf cg'udg u/L lh=k=;]=sf= df k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg] .
&=# l;kmfl/; ug]{ jf hdfgL j:g] sfg'gL dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L
o:tf ;+:yfx?df btf{ ePsf o'jf Snj÷;fd'bflos ;+:yf÷;xsf/L ;+:yf÷u}/ ;xsf/L
;+:yf, g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= cflb kb{5g\ . h;sf] lhDd]jf/L lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 .
 ;xL ?kdf sfd ug]{ jf:tljs j]/f]huf/ o'jf÷o"jtLx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/sf] nflu
lnlvt l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
 o'jfn] u/]sf] sfdsf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{, l/kf]l6{Ë ug]{ / ;xhstf{sf] e'ldsf
lgjf{x ug]{ .
 l;kmfl/; u/L hdfgL j;] jfkt -g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= jfx]sn]_ Joj;fojf6 k|ltkmn
lng z'? u/] kl5 jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] @% sf] b/n] ;xof]uL ;+:yfn] lng] ;Sg]5 .

&=$= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/L

 kz' ljsf; sfo{bn (Livestock Action Team) sf ;b:ox?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf]
jf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
 ;"rgf k|sfzg -cg';"rL ! cg';f/_ u/L j]/f]huf/ o'jfx?jf6 b/vf:t -cg';"rL @
cg';f/_ cfXjfg ug]{ .
 ;fgf] ltgf] ;xof]u kfPsf :jb]z d} j;]/ JoJf;fo ug{ O{R5's j]/f]huf/ o'jf
÷o"jtL pBdLx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ . o;/L 5gf}6 ubf{ lgDg j'+bfx?nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] .

162
 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/x?
!= l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ljZj;lgotf÷j}wflgstf .
@= ;DalGwt o'jfn] k]z u/]sf] sfo{ of]hgf -cg';"rL # cg';f/sf] kmd]{6df_ p;sf]
sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / ljifo k|ltsf] 1fg lzk .
#= c? s'g} Joj;fo u/]sf]÷gePsf] -j]/f]huf/÷cw{ j]/f]huf/_ / cfkm} k'/f nufgL
ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf] .
$= k|:tfljs of]hgfsf] slDtdf #) k|ltzt nufgL cfkm} ug{ O{R5's .
%= k]z u/]sf] sfo{ of]hgf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ?kn] ;DefJo / jftfj/0f k|lts'n
k|efj gkfg]{ vfnsf] .
^= kz'kfng, kz' hGo kbfy{ k|zf]wg tyf ljlqm ljt/0f ;Fu ;DalGwt Joj;fo x'g'
kg]{ .
&= z}lIfs of]Uotf slDtdf sIff * kf; ePsf] . CTEVT jf6 Skill Test kf; u/]sf]
dlxnf, blntx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g] 5 .
*= cg';"rL $ sf] kmd]{6 cg';f/ d"NofÍg u/L ;a}eGbf j9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{
o"jf÷o"jtLx?nfO{ d]/L6sf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ug]{ .
 5gf}6 ePsf o'jf÷o'jtLx? ;Fu l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] /f]xj/df lqklIfo ;Demf}tf
-cg';"rL % cg';f/_ u/L r]s÷8«fkm\6 dfkm{t l;w} /sd ;DalGwt o'jfsf] 5gf}6 /
l;kmfl/;df b'O{ ls:tf -klxnf] ls:tfdf %)% / bf]>f] ls:tfdf %)%_ u/L
cg'bfg :j?k pknAw u/fpg] / j'em]sf] e/kfO{ /fVg] . o;/L pknAw u/fpg]
cg'bfg ;xof]u k|lt JolQm clwstd ?= !)))))÷– -Ps nfv_ ;Ddsf] x'g]5 .
 pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
 dftxtsf ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb| jf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no cfkm}n] lgoldt u/L
rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ?kdf k|ult ljj/0f k]z ug]{ .
 5gf}6 ePsf j]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{ Livestock Action Team (LAT) j}7sjf6
cg'df]bg u/fpg] .
&=% If]lqo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?sf] lhDd]jf/L
 sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] .
 rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ?kdf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ljj/0f ;+of]u (Compile) u/L kz'
pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg] .
&=^ kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnosf] lhDd]jf/L
 sfo{qmd jh]6 / clVtof/L :jLs[t ug]{÷u/fpg] .
 sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ljlw÷lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L :jLs[t sfo{ljlw÷lgb]{lzsf
sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .
 sfo{qmdsf nflu ;"rgf k|sfzg ;DalGwt sfo{x? ug]{ .
 sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg÷d"NofÍg ug]{ .
 jflif{s ?kdf sfo{qmdsf] j:t'l:ylt k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ .
 sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
 rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ?kdf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ljj/0f ;+of]u -Compile_ ug]{ /
ljefu tyf dGqfnodf k7fpg] .

163
*= sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ k|s[of
sfo{ pQ/bfoL sfo{
sfo{ljlw
r/0f ;+:yf cjlw
!= kz' ljsf; sfo{bnsf] j}7s jf]nfO{ ;b:ox?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ff lh=k=;]=sf= ! lbg
/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{ ljlwjf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg], sfo{qmd ÷LAT
;+rfng ug{sf] nflu ;+efJo g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= x?sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L
g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= x?sf] 5gf}6 ug{ -;f]sf] nflu cfjZos k/] LAT
e|d0f ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] 5_ / cg';"rL ! cg';f/ ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
O{R5's j]/f]huf/ o'jfx?jf6 kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk–s]Gb| sf] k|fylds/0f
;lxtsf] l;kmfl/;df dfu ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{
@= Tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf -cg';"rL !_ cg';f/ !% lbgsf] ;do lbO{ ;"rgf lh=k=;]=sf= !%
k|sfzg ug]{ . o;/L k|sfzg ug]{ ;"rgf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷ ÷LAT lbg
g=kf=÷jf8{ sfof{nox?, ;DalGwt ;]=s]=÷p=s]=, ;fj{hlgs :yn,
lh=lj=;= sf= sfof{no lh=k=;]=sf=, dfnkf]t sfof{no cfbLsf] ;"rgf
kf6L{df 6fF; ug]{ / O{R5's j]/f]huf/ o'jf÷o"jtL x?jf6 cfkm"nfO{
lrGg]÷cfj4 /x]sf] ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt cfj]bg -cg';"rL @
cg';f/_ dfu ug]{ . o;/L dfu ug]{ cfj]bg ;fy g]kfnL gful/stfsf]
k|df0f–kq tyf cGo k|df0f–kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk, ug{ vf]h]sf]
sfdsf] ;+lIfKt sfo{ of]hgf -cg';"rL # cg';f/_, ;DalGwt Joj;fodf
s'g} tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk / kf;kf]{6 ;fO{hsf] ! yfg
kmf]6f] ;d]t ;+nUg x'g' kg]{5 . o;/L cfj]bg lbg cfpg] o'jf÷o"jtL
x?jf6 pgLx?sf] sfo{ of]hgf cg';f/ pgLx?n] k|fKt ug{ vf]h]sf]
clwstd ?= !)),)))÷– -Psnfv_ ;Ddsf] j:t'ut ;fdfu|Lsf] ;"rL
/ ;Dej eP ;Dd k|fKt ug]{ >f]t ;d]t v'nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf dfu ug]{
#= sfo{qmdsf] dfu u/L tf]lsPsf] ;do cjlw leq k/]sf cfj]bgx?nfO{ lh=k=;]=sf= !%
;f]em} lh=k=;]=sf= df btf{ ug]{ . cfjZos b/vf:t ;+Vof gk'u]df lbg
cfjZostf cg';f/ b/vf:t lnO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ hfg] .
$= o"jf÷o"jtLx? 5gf}6 ug]{ ldlt eGbf %–& lbg cufj} k"gM kz' ljsf; lh=k=;]=sf= ! lbg
sfo{bn (LAT) sf] j}7s j;L, LAT ;b:o dWo]jf6} lh=k=;]=sf= ÷LAT
k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[tsf] ;+of]hsTjdf # ;bl:oo 5gf}6
;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
%= l;kmfl/; ug]{÷hdfgL a:g] ;+:yfsf] ljZjlZgotf -;+:yfsf] b=g+=, lh=k=;]=sf= # lbg
gljs/0f, n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg, cg'ej, s'g} sf/jfxLdf k/]÷gk/]sf] 5gf}6
cfbLsf] cfwf/df x]g]{_, ;DalGwt pBdLn] k]z u/]sf] sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;ldlt
cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;DefJotf, sfo{ of]hgf / k]z u/]sf] Joj;fo
k|lt p;sf] 1fg, l;k÷bIftf cflb ljifonfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ d"NofÍg ug]{
-cg';"rL $ cg';f/_ / o'jf÷o"jtLx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ .
^= k"gM LAT sf] j}7s j;L r/0f % cg';f/ 5gf}6 u/LPsf LAT ! lbg
o'jf÷o"jtLx?sf] cg'df]bg ug]{ .
&= lh=k=;]=sf= ! lbg
r/0f ^ cg';f/ cg'df]bg ul/Psf o'jf÷o"jtLx?sf] gfdfjnL k|sfzg
5gf}6
u/L ;Dks{ /fVgsf] nflu jf]nfpg] .
;ldlt

164
*= 5gf}6 ePsf o'jfx?n] lh=k=;]=sf= jf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug'{ k"j{ o'jf pBdL !
lh=k=;]=sf=÷k=;]=s]=÷p=s]= ;Fu k/fdz{ u/L Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu dlxgf
cfjZos kg]{ cGo k"jf{wf/ -uf]7, k|zf]wg :yn 5gf}6 cfbL_ tof/ ug]{
/ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lh=k=;]=sf= nfO{ u/fpg] .
(= LAT/ &
lh=k=;]=sf= jf6 pBdLn] tof/ u/]sf] k"jf{wf/sf] cg'udg ug]{ . lbg
lh=k=;]=sf=
!)= pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLsf] tkm{jf6 cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ e};s] kl5 lh=k=;]=sf= cfjZ
l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] /f]xj/df lqklIfo ;Demf}tf -cg';"rL % cg';f/_ ostf
u/L clwsTfd ?= !)),))) -Psnfv_ j/fj/sf] r]s÷8«fkm\6 dfkm{t cg';f
l;w} /sd pknAw u/fpg] . o;/L pknAw u/fpFbf b'O{ ls:tf -klxnf] /
ls:tfdf %)% / sfd u/] kl5 bf]>f] ls:tfdf %)%_ u/L pknAw
u/fpg] .
!!= k=;]=s]=÷p= rf}dfl
;DalGwt k=;]=s]=÷p=s]= / l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfn] lgoldt ?kdf p2]Zo ;s /
s]=÷
cg'?k sfd eP gePsf] cg'udg u/L lh=k=;]=sf= df k|ltj]bg jflif{s
l;kmfl/;
j'emfpg]÷j'emfpg nufpg] -cg';"rL ^ cg';f/_ . ?kdf
ug]{ ;+:yf
!@= pBdL ! lbg
Joj;fojf6 k|ltkmn lng z'? u/] kl5 l;kmfl/; ug]{÷hdfgL j:g] o"jf÷o"jtL
;+:yfnfO{ z'? nufgL ePsf] /sdsf] @ -b'O{_ k|ltztsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] l;kmfl/;
/sd bfFjf;fxLn] rf}dfl;s ?kdf ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u :j?k pknAw ug]{
u/fpg] -;+:yfsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu_ o:tf] ;xof]u slDtdf # jif{ ;+:yf
;Dd pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!#= lh=k=;]=sf= &
lh=k=;]=sf=÷LAT n] rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ?kdf clgjfo{ ?kn] cg'udg
÷LAT lbg
u/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{÷;ldIff ug]{ .
!$= cfly{s gd{;\ cg';"rL & cg';f/ x'g]5 . lh=k=;]=sf=
!%= lh=k=;]=sf=
o;df pNn]v gePsf sfo{qmdx? kz' ;]jf ljefusf] gd{;\ lgb]{lzsf
tyf k|rlnt P]g lgod tyf cfly{s lgodfjnL cg';f/ x'g]5 .

165
 cg';"rL – !
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf
;"rgf . ;"rgf .. ;"rgf ...

o; sfof{nosf] cf=j= @)=====÷==== sf] jflif{s :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ s]lx j]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{
kz' ;]jf ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] dfWodjf6 :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] x'Fbf LAT sf]
j}7sjf6 5gf}6 u/LPsf =============================== g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= x?sf O{R5's !* b]vL %) jif{
pd]/df cw{ j]/f]huf/÷j]/f]huf//ljb]z af6 kms]{sf o'jf÷o"jtLx?jf6 b/vf:t cfJxfgsf] nflu of]
;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq tf]lsPsf]
9fFrf cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/fddf b/vf:t lbg' xf]nf . k"gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tklzn cg';f/sf
sfuhftx? ;+nUg /fVg ;d]t o;} ;"rgf 4f/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .

tklzn

!= cg';"rL @ cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd .

@= cg';"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{ of]hgf .
#= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk .
$= cGo k|dfl0ft k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf cfbL_ sf] k|ltlnlkx? .

166
 cg';"rL – @
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmddf cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt
ug{sf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg–kq
>Ldfg\ k|d'vHo",
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no,
=============================== .
ljifo M o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ lbg] jf/] .
dxf]bo,
dnfO{ pQm cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt u/L ========== ======= ======= sfo{ ug{ lta| O{R5f ePsf]n]
lgDgfg';f/ sfuhft /fvL lgj]bg ub{5' . d}n] cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt u/]df lgwf{l/t k|s[of cg';f/
;DalGwt lhNnf leq} /xL sfo{ ug]{5' . k"gZrM tklzn cg';f/sf sfuhftx? o;} lgj]bg ;fy
;+nUg /fv]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5' .
tklzn
!= cg";"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
@= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
#= kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
$= cGo k|df0fLt k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf_ cflbsf k|ltlnkLx?_
%= a}b]lzs /f]huf/ jf6 kms]{sfsf] xsdf kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk
^= ;d'x/;ldlt/;xsfl/sf ;b:ox?sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / kl/of]hgf 5gf}6 ePdf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
lgj]bssf]
gfd M
b:tvt M
7]ufgf M
;+3÷;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/;

o; ========================================= ;+3÷;+:yf÷;xsf/L sf] ldlt ==================== sf]

lg0fo{ cg';f/ lgj]bgstf{nfO{ ================================ sfo{sf] nflu o; ================== sf]
hdfgtdf dfu u/] adf]lhdsf] ?= =========================== cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ lbg x'g
cg'/f]w ub{5f} .
l;kmfl/; ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf]
gfd M
kb M
b:tvt / ldlt M
;+3÷;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M
;Dks{ g+= M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

167
 cg';"rL – #
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ff sfo{qmdsf]
;+lIfKt sfo{ of]hgf

pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLsf] gfd y/ M

7]ufgf M =================== ufpF÷6f]n M ==================== jf8{ g+= M ======= uf=lj=;= M =================
lhNnf M ===================
;+rfng ug{ vf]h]sf] kz' ;]jf ;DalGw Joj;fo / :yfg M
;xof]u :j?k dfu u/]sf] cg'bfg /sd÷nufgL M
cfkm\gf] nufgL M
cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/s >d M
Joj;fojf6 pTkfbg x'g] j:t' M
pTkflbt jflif{s jhf/ M
ck]lIft jflif{s k|ltkmn M
Joj;fon] jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kf5{÷kfb}{g <
kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
Jojzfo ;+rfng ul/g] :yfg M
;+rfng ul/g] sfo{ ljj/0fM
s|=;+= ;+rfng ul/g] ls|ofsnfk cg'bfg ;xof]u gLlh nuflg hDdf nuflg

Jofj;flon] cg'bfg ] /sdsf] tL; k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd k|:tfljt of]hgfdf cfkmgf] tkm{af6
;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{5 .
Jojzfo u/]sf] eP, ljut slt jif{ b]lv ========= lg/Gt/ ul/ /x]sf]? jif{=========dlxgf=======
Joj;fosf] nflu >dsf] Joj:yfkg M s_ kfl/jf/Ls v_ jflx/ jf6 u_ b'j}
pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ M
ck]lIft jflif{s k|ltkmn M
tkm{ jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

168
 cg';"rL – $
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj d"Nof+sg kmf/fd

d"NofÍg -!)) k"0f{Ídf ug]{_ s'n

k|fKtfÍ
pQm :yfgdf -!))_
qm= cfj]bssf] pBdLsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{
b=g+= 7]ufgf Joj;fo k|ltsf] ;+:yfsf] k]z u/]sf] Joj;fosf] Jff:tljs
;+= gfd sfo{of]hgf ;DefJotf nlIft ju{
cg'ej÷tflnd ljZj;+lgotf
-#)_ pko"Qmf -!%_
-#)_ -!)_
-!%_

5gf}6 ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfd, y/, kb, b:tvt / ldlt M

!=

@=

#=

169
 cg';"rL – %
u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ul/g] lqklIfo ;Demf}tf–kq
kz' ;]jf ljefu÷kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno 4f/f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ======== dfkm{t
;+rfng ul/g] rfn' cf=j= ============== sf] :jLs[t u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j{4{g kz' ljsfz
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, -o; eGbf k5fl8 klxnf] kIf elgg]_, ljlzi6tfsf]
cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf o"jf s[ifs >L÷;'>L÷>LdtL ==================================================== -o;
eGbf k5f8L bf]>f] kIf elgg]_ / ;DalGwt pBdLnfO{ cg'bfg /sd k|fKt ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{÷hdfgL
j:g] =============================================== -;+3÷;+:yf_ -o; eGbf k5f8L t]>f] kIf elgg]_ ljr
tklznsf zt{gfdfx? u/L u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ lqklIfo ;Demf}tf÷;xdlt ePsf] 5 .

!= klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ @ ls:tfdf
;fdfu|L jf ;f]em} gub÷8f«km\6÷r]s cg'bfg :j?k t]>f] kIfsf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg] 5
.
@= bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfjf6 cfjZos k|fljlws k|fKt u/L cfkm"n] cfj]bg u/] cg';f/sf]
=========================== Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{5 . sDtLdf # jif{ ;Dd bf]>f] kIfn] pQm
Joj:ffonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg]{5 .
#= klxnf] / t]>f] kIfn] lgoldt ?kdf Joj;fo ;+rfng u/] gu/]sf] cg'udg ug]{5g\ .
Joj;fonfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5g\ .
$= Joj;fojf6 k|ltkmn kfpg' z'? u/]kl5 slDtdf # jif{;Dd bf]>f] kIfn] t]>f] kIfnfO{
z'?df k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]usf] @% b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd bfdf;fxLn] k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf
t]>f] kIfnfO{ j'emfpg] 5 . -;+:yfsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu_ .
%= klxnf] kIfjf6 k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]unfO{ bf]>f] kIfn] slDtdf # jif{ ;Dd df:g jf
b'?kof]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g / To;f] ePsf] kfO{Pdf lghjf6 ;f] /sd c;'n pk/sf] nflu
k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfjZos sf/jfxL u/Lg]5 . Joj;fojf6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] jhf/
Joj:yf bf]>f] kIf :jo+n] g} ug'{ kg]{5 .
^= o; ;Demf}tf pNn]lvt sfd ubf{ kl/ cfpg ;Sg] s'g} klg eljtJosf] k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L bf]>f]
kIf :jo+ cfkm} x'g]5 .
&= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP eGbf cGo Joxf]/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt lgod sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]
5.

klxnf] kIf bf]>f] kIf t]>f] kIf

lh=k=;]=sf= sf] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf] o"jf pBdLsf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M gfd M gfd M
kb M 7]ufgf M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M cf}7fsf] 5fk M ;+:yfsf] 5fk M
bf= jfF=
;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M

170
 cg';"rL – ^
u|fld0f o"jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf

!= pBdL s[ifssf] @= l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] #= ;+rflnt Joj;fosf]

gfd M gfd M gfd M

7]ufgf M 7]ufgf M 7]ufgf M

$= cf=j= %= k|ult k|ltj]bg cjwL M rf}dfl;s÷jflif{s

qm=;+= sfo{ ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f cfO{ k/]sf jfwf ;dfwfgsf] nflu
c8\rgx? ;'emfjx?

k|lt O{sfO{ pTkflbt kz' hGo kbfy{sf] :yflgo jhf/sf] ljlqm d"No M

!= km'nsf] ======= @= df;'sf] ======= #= cGo ====

o"jf pBdLsf] gfd M b:tvt M ldlt M

7]ufgf M

l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] b:tvt M ldlt M

;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|sf kbflwsf/Lsf] b:tvt M ldlt M

171
 cg';"rL – &

sfo{qmdsf] nflu jh]6 vr{ ug]{ cfly{s gd{;\

l;=g+= ljj/0f sfo{qmd jh]6 s}lkmot

pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLx?nfO{ sfo{qmd vr{ k|lt o'jf÷o"jtLsf] nflu
!= -pBdLx?n] k]z u/]sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ clwsTd ?= !)))))÷– -Ps
sfof{nojf6 cg'bfg_ nfv_;Dd

sfo{qmd cg'udg b}=e|=e=, :6];g/L, LAT

@= j}7s, uf]li7 cfbL ;d]tsf] nflu sfof{no l:js[t sfo{qmd gd{;\ cg';f/
;+rfng vr{
l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ jif{df #
#= k6s ;Dd k|lt ;b:onfO{ LAT j}7s l:js[t sfo{qmd gd{;\ cg';f/
eQf j/fj/sf] /sd pknAw u/fpg] .

172
 u|fld0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ljlw, @)^$
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) _

;+zf]wgsf] nflu k]z ul/Psf a'bf tyf ls|ofsnfkx?

l;=g+ k]=h=g+ j'bf g+ :jLs[t ePsf] ;+zf]wgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] s}lkmot
!= k]h=g+= ! k[i7e'dL o"jf pd]/ !^ b]lv %( /
!* b]lv %) pd]/ ;Ddsf]
!* b]lv $) ePsf]
@= k]h=g+= ! p4]Zo
!=u|fld0f j]/f]huf/÷cw{ !=u|fld0f j]/f]huf/÷cw{
j'bf g+ ! / @
j]/f]huf/ j]/f]huf/÷j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ljf6
kms]{sf
@= u|fld0f s[ifs kl/jf/sf]
ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf ;xof]u @= o"jfx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf 6]jf
k'¥ofpg] . k'¥ofO{ u|fld0f s[ifs kl/jf/sf]
ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
k]h=g+= ! a'bf g+= u|fld0f a]/f]huf/ o'jf
# $ sfo{qmd hgzlQm sfdsf] vf]hLdf
;~rfng x'g] :yfgM ef}tf/L /x]sf] jf ljb]z If]lqo ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df kfFr}
ljsf; If]qsf t'ngfTds ?kdf
lt/ knfog x'g] u/]sf]
j9L j]/f]huf/÷j}b]lzs /f]huf/df
lhNnfx?sf] ;"rL agfO{
uPsf lhNnfx?nfO{ ;+efJotfsf]
h'g lhNnfdf clwstd
cfwf/df kz' pTkfbg
To:tf a]/f]huf/ o'jf
lgb]{zgfnon] lhNnf k|fyldlss/0f
hgzlQm a9L kfO{G5g\
;lxt 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
To:tf lhNnfx?nfO{
k|fyldstf lbOg]
$ k]h=g+= ! a'bf g+=
% kz'kfng -ufO{e};Lkfng,
@= kz'kfng, -ufO{, e};L, ofsgfs,rf}/Lkfng,afv|fkfng,
rf}/L, j+u'/, s'v'/f / a+u'/kfng, s'v'/fkfng_
afv|f_ Joj;fo .
bfgf k;n ;+rfng ug]{ tf]lsPsf] tflnd tyf of]Uotf
;+jGwL Jojzfox? cfbL . k'lu e]6]g/L cf}ifwL tyf kz'k+IfL
bfgf ;DalGw Joj;fo / s[lqd
uef{wfg ;DalGw Joj;fo

% k]h=g+= @ a'bf g+= g/flvPsf]

r/0fj4 sfo{ljwLsf]
^
sfof{Gjogdf kf/blz{tf .
;"rgf k|sfzg -yk ePsf]_

173
 k]h=g+= # a'bf g+= k|:tfljs of]hgfsf]
^ &=$ lhNnf kz' slDtdf @% k|ltzt
;]jf sfof{nosf] nufgL cfkm} ug{ O{R5's . k|:tfljs of]hgfsf] slDtdf #)
lhDd]jf/L cGt{ut k|ltzt nufgL cfkm} ug{ O{R5's .
5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/x?
a'bf $ 5gf}6 ePsf
o'jf÷o'jtLx? ;Fu 5gf}6 ePsf o'jf÷o'jtLx? ;Fu
l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] /f]xj/df
/f]xj/df lqklIfo ;Demf}tf lqklIfo ;Demf}tf -cg';"rL %
-cg';"rL % cg';f/_ u/L cg';f/_ u/L r]s÷8«fkm\6 dfkm{t
r]s÷8«fkm\6 dfkm{t l;w} l;w} /sd ;DalGwt o'jfsf] 5gf}6
/sd ;DalGwt o'jfsf] / l;kmfl/;df b'O{ ls:tf -klxnf]
5gf}6 / l;kmfl/;df b'O{ ls:tfdf %)% / bf]>f] ls:tfdf
ls:tf -klxnf] ls:tfdf
%)%_ u/L cg'bfg :j?k
&%% / bf]>f] ls:tfdf
pknAw u/fpg] / j'em]sf] e/kfO{
@%%_ u/L cg'bfg :j?k /fVg] . o;/L pknAw u/fpg]
pknAw u/fpg] / j'em]sf] cg'bfg ;xof]u k|lt JolQm
e/kfO{ /fVg] . o;/L clwstd ?= !)))))÷– -Ps
pknAw u/fpg] cg'bfg nfv_ ;Ddsf] x'g]5 .
;xof]u k|lt JolQm
clwstd ?= #),)))÷–
-tL; xhf/_ ;Ddsf] x'g]5
.

& k]h=g+= $ a'bf g+= o;/L cfj]bg lbg cfpg] o;/L cfj]bg lbg cfpg]
* sfo{qmd ;+rfng o'jf÷o"jtL x?jf6 o'jf÷o"jtL x?jf6 pgLx?sf]
ug]{ k|s[of cGt{ut pgLx?sf] sfo{ of]hgf sfo{ of]hgf cg';f/ pgLx?n]
a'bf @ cg';f/ pgLx?n] k|fKt ug{ k|fKt ug{ vf]h]sf] clwstd ?=
vf]h]sf] clwstd ?= !)),)))÷– -Psnfv_ ;Ddsf]
#),)))÷– -tL; xhf/_ j:t'ut ;fdfu|Lsf] ;"rL / ;Dej
;Ddsf] j:t'ut ;fdfu|Lsf] eP ;Dd k|fKt ug]{ >f]t ;d]t
;"rL / ;Dej eP ;Dd v'nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf dfu ug]{
k|fKt ug]{ >f]t ;d]t
a'bf g+= * sfo{qmd v'nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf dfu
;+rfng ug]{ k|s[of ug]{ pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLsf] tkm{jf6
cGt{ut cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ e};s]
kl5 l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf]
a'bf !) pBdL o'jf÷o"jtLsf] /f]xj/df lqklIfo ;Demf}tf
tkm{jf6 cfjZos k"jf{wf/ -cg';"rL % cg';f/_ u/L
tof/ e};s] kl5 l;kmfl/; clwsTfd ?= !)),))) -Psnfv_
ug]{ ;+:yfsf] /f]xj/df j/fj/sf] r]s÷8«fkm\6 dfkm{t l;w}
lqklIfo ;Demf}tf -cg';"rL /sd pknAw u/fpg] . o;/L
% cg';f/_ u/L clwsTfd pknAw u/fpFbf b'O{ ls:tf

174
 ?= #),))) -tL;xhf/_ -klxnf] ls:tfdf %)% / sfd
j/fj/sf] r]s÷8«fkm\6 u/] kl5 bf]>f] ls:tfdf %)%_
dfkm{t l;w} /sd pknAw u/L pknAw u/fpg] .
u/fpg] . o;/L pknAw
u/fpFbf b'O{ ls:tf -klxnf]
ls:tfdf &%% / sfd
u/] kl5 bf]>f] ls:tfdf
@%%_ u/L pknAw
u/fpg] .

* K]f=h= g+= ^
cg';"rL – ! O{R5's !* b]vL $) jif{ O{R5's !* b]vL %) jif{ pd]/df
k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] pd]/df cw{
j]/f]huf/÷j]/f]huf/ cw{ j]/f]huf/÷j]/f]huf//ljb]z
;"rgfsf] 9fFrf af6 kms]{sf o'jf÷o"jtLx?jf6
o'jf÷o"jtLx?jf6 b/vf:t
cfJxfgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf b/vf:t cfJxfgsf] nflu of]
k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5

( K]fh g+= !@ pBdLsf] Joj;fo k|ltsf] pBdLsf] Joj;fo k|ltsf]

cg';"rL – $ cg'ej÷tflnd -@)_ cg'ej÷tflnd -#)_
k|:tfj d"Nof+sg l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+:yfsf]
kmf/fd ljZj;+lgotf -@)_ ljZj;+lgotf -!)_
k]z u/]sf] sfo{of]hgf -@)_ k]z u/]sf] sfo{of]hgf -#)_
pQm :yfgdf Joj;fosf] pQm :yfgdf Joj;fosf]
;DefJotf pko"Qmf -@)_ ;DefJotf pko"Qmf -!%_
Jff:tljs nlIft ju{ -@)_ Jff:tljs nlIft ju{ -!%_
!) Kf]=g+= !! cg';"rL–&
sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|lt o'jf÷o"jtLsf] nflu k|lt o'jf÷o"jtLsf] nflu
jh]6 vr{ ug]{ clwstd ?= #),)))÷– clwstd ?= !)))))÷– -Ps
cfly{s gd{;\ l;=g+= -tL; xhf/_ ;Dd nfv_ ;Dd
!

175
#f¤;]afnLsf] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng
sfo{lalw 2070
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, ;lrj:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷*÷#) sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

!=k[i7e"ld
kz'kfng Jofj;fonfO{ a9L Jofj;flos tyf k|lt:kwL{ Jofj;fosf] ?kdf lasf; ug{
pTkfbg nfut 36fpg] sfo{ k|d'v r"gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . vf;u/L b'w, df;', pmg sf]
pTkfbg nfut 36fpg #f;df cfwfl/t kz'kfng ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] . o;sf] nflu pGgt
3f+; v]tL ug]{ sfo{nfO{ Aofkstf lbg u'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] cfk"lt{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
g]kfndf kz' cfxf/fsf] ca:yf z'is kbfy{ -8L=Pd=_ sf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf]
tYof+snfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ #) k|ltzt cefa /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dddf cfk"lt{ eO{/x]sf] kz' cfxf/f klg
u'0f:t/o'Qm kfrgzLn kbfy{ geO{sg sl/a ^) k|ltzt kz' cfxf/f lhjgwfGg] vfnsf] s[lif
pkkbfy{x?df dfq cfwfl/t /x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;}u/L g]kfndf laleGg 3fF;]afnLsf] aLp pTkfbg
tyf ahf/Ls/0f / cfoft ;d]t Joal:yt t/Lsf af6 x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g, vf; u/L g]kfndf lxpb]
3fF;]afnLsf] aLpdf h}, alif{d, aif]{ 3fF;]afnLsf] aLpdf l6of];]G6L, afh/f, h'g]nf] / ax'alif{o
3fF;]afnLsf] aLpdf :6fO{nf], XjfO{6 Nsf]e/ l5d]sL b]z ef/t nufot cGo b]z af6 cfoft
e}/x]sf] 5, . cf=a= @)^&÷^* df /fli6«o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| åf/f ul/Psf] cWoogdf
3fF;]afnL aLpsf] cfk"lt{ cem;Dd klg @*=$@ k|ltzt cefj /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
kz'kfngdf Jofj;flos/0fsf] nflu kz' cfxf/fsf] ljsf; x'g' h?/L 5 . kz' cfxf/fsf]
nflu 3fF;]afnLsf] aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f sfo{nfO{ klg Joal:yt t/Lsf af6 ;+u;+u} n}hfg'
kg]{ x'G5 . u'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] k|of]un] dfq klg !% b]lv @% k|ltzt ;Dd pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;lsg]
tYonfO{ dWogh/ /fvL u'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] pTkfbgsf] ;fy} ;'/lIft ;+ro Pjd\ aLpsf] ;d'lrt
pkof]u u/L 3fF;]afnLsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a[l4 ug]{ d"ne"t p2]Zo k|flKtdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]
o; sfo{s|dsf] d'Vo s]Gb| ljGb' aLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷aLp ljhg sDkgLx?
x'g]5g\ .
3fF;sf] aLpsf] a9\bf] dfu nfO{ cfk"lt{ ug{ s[ifs ;d"xx?nfO{ kl/rfng u/L u'0f:t/Lo
aLp pTkfbg sfo{df ;+nUg u/fO{ lbuf] / Jofj;flos ?kdf s|dzM lasf; ug{ :yfgLo tyf pGgt
hftsf] a9L pTkfbg lbg] 3fF;]afnLsf] aLp Joal:yt t/Lsf af6 pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f ug{sf]
nflu Pp6f sfo{lalwsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . o;}nfO{ dWogh/ u/L "3fF;]afnLsf]] Jofj;flos
aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f” sf] cawf/0fdf cfwfl/t sfo{s|d ;+rfng u/L sfo{s|d
sfof{Gjogsf nflu of] sfo{s|d ;+rfng sfo{lalw tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
@=p¢]]ZoM
 laleGg 3fF;]afnLsf] aLpsf] /fli6«o cfjZostf klxrfg u/L ;f]lx cg';f/ ;|f]t s]Gb|sf]
lasf; tyf aLpsf] a9bf] dfu nfO{ Joal:yt t/Lsfaf6 cfk"lt{ Aoa:yf ldnfpg s[ifs
;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L÷aLp ljhg sDkgLx? nfO{ g} kl/rfng u/L u'0f:t/Lo aLp
pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f sfo{df ;+nUg u/fpg] .

176
  lbuf] / Jofj;flos ?kdf 3fF;]afnL If]qsf] lasf; / la:tf/ u/L kz' pTkfbg nfut sd
ug{ :yfoL ?kdf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
 cfGtl/s cfjZostfsf] df+u / cfk"lt{ ;Gt'ng ug]{
 t'ngfTds ?kdf nfe x'g] vfnsf] 3fF;]afnLsf] aLp pTkfbg u/L lgof{t k|a4{g ug]{ .
 :yfgLo hftsf] 3fF;]afnLsf] aLp ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / pkof]u u/L h}las ;|f]t ;+/If0f /
;Da4{g, la:tf/ Pa+ Joa;flos/0fdf ;d]t 6]jf k'¥ofpg] .

3= sfo{s|ddf ;+nUg lgsfox? / ltgsf] lhDd]jf/LM

3=1 s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LM

 u')f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg, k|zf]wg, k|of]uzfnf kl/If)f, Kofs]lh~ u/L
^oflu~ jf oyfy{ ;+s]t kq nufO{ lalqm lat/)f ug]{ .
 sfo{lalwn] tf]s] cg';f/ cGo ;a} sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ .

3=2 kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷pk s]Gb|M

 cfkmgf] sfo{ If]q leq s'g s'g hftsf] aLp pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG% ;f]lx
cg';f/ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L sf] klxrfg u/L ;d"x ;ldlt tyf
;xsf/L u&g ug]{ sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg u/L ;f] sf] laa/)f
b'?:t /fVg] .
 cfkmgf] If]q leq #f¤;]afnLsf] aLpsf] dfu / pTkfbg laa/)f l&s
;dod} ;+sng u/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k&fpg] .
 aLp pTkfbg If]qsf] cg'udg sfo{ ug]{ / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{nodf k&fpg] .

3=3 lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfo{fnoM

 nlIft au{sf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfjZos sfo{s|d
th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 lhNnf leq ;+efJo pko"St hftsf]] #f¤;sf] aLp pTkfbgsf] nfuL
s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] klxrfg u/L ;xdtLsf] nflu If]qLo kz'
;]jf lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df k&fpg] .
 aLp pTkfbg sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogdf cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg /fli^<o
r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df cfkmg]f sfo{s|ddf
;dfa]z ug]{ .
 o; sfo{s|dsf] of]hgf th{'df, cg'udg, tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / ;f]
;DaGwL cg';"rL 1,2,3,4 / 5 adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt If]qLo kz'
;]jf lgb]{zgfno, If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf / /fli^<o r/g tyf kz'
cfxf/f s]Gb|df dfl;s ?kdf clgjfo{ ?kdf k&fpg' kg]{% .

177
  If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf÷/fO{hf]laod k|of]uzfnf jf dfGotf k|fKt
cGo k|of]uzfnfaf^ aLp kl/If)f ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ;]jf k|bfg u/L
;f] sf] hfgsf/L /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df k&fpg] .
 lglh If]qsf aLp laqm]tfx? ;+u aLp vl/b las|L sf] ljj/)f ;+sng
ug]{ .
 lhNnf leq aLpsf]] dfu cfk"lt{ laa/)f cg';'lr 6 cg';f/ lxp¤b]
#f¤;]afnLsf] xsdf efb| 15 ut] leq, aif]{ #f¤;]afnLsf] xsdf df# 15
ut] leq / *fn] tyf ax'alif{o #f¤;]afnLsf] xsdf a}zfv 15 ut] leq
e/L ;DalGwt If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t /fli^<o r/g tyf kz'
cfxf/f s]Gb|df k&fpg] .

k'gZrM cfkmgf] :jLs[t sfo{s|d cg';f/ cfjZos kg]{ aLpsf] kl/df)fsf]

xsdf :jLs[t sfo{s|d k|fKt ugf{;fy cg';'lr 6 cg';f/ laa/)f e/L
k&fpg' kg]{% .

 >]ft lgw{f/)f u/]sf] :yfg eGbf afXo If]qsf] ;|f]taf^ aLp vl/b
ug'{ k/]df ;f] sf] sf/)f ;lxt /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f
s]Gb|af^ ;xdtL lng' kg]{ .
 aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f sfo{s|dsf] cg'udg, lgl/If0f ug]{ .

3=4 r/g tyf #f¤;]afnL aLp a[l$ kmfd{x?M

 ;"lrs[t #f¤;]afnL hftx?sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ .
 s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L dfkm{t aLp pTkfbgsf] sfo{s|d
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg cfkmg]f sfo{s|df
;dfa]z ug]{ .
 lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no cGtu{t ;+rflnt aLp a[l$ sfo{s|dsf]
nflu cfjZos k|flalws ;]jf k'Cofpg] .
 cfjZostf cg';f/ aLp pTkfbg If]qsf] cg'udg ug]{ / If]qLo kz'
;]jf lgb]{zgfno, If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf / /fli^<o r/g tyf
kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df cg';"lr 1,2,3, / 4 adf]lhd k|ltj]bg clgjfo{
?kdf k&fpg' kg]{% .
 >]ft lgw{f/)f u/]sf] :yfg eGbf afXo If]qsf] ;|f]taf^ aLp pknJw
u/fpg' k/]df /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|;+u ;dGjo u/L
cGo :yfgaf^ aLp vl/b ug{ ;xdtL k|bfg ug]{ .

3=5 /fOhf]laod tyf aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnfM

 s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L dfkm{t aLp pTkfbgsf] sfo{s|d
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg cfkmg]f sfo{s|df
;dfa]z ug]{ .

178
  aLp afnL lg/LIf)f tyf kl/If)f ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|lta]bg /fli^<o r/g
tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df k&fpg] .
 aLp e)*f/)f tyf k|zf]wgsf] lgl/If)f ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbg If]qsf] cg'udg ug]{ .
 sf]z] #f+;sf] hft cg';f/ cfjZos /fO{hf]laod pTkfbg tyf
lat/)f ug]{ .

3=6 If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnoM

 If]qLo :t/df cg'udg, d"Nof+sg tyf cGo cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .
 cfkmgf] If]q leq s'g s'g hftsf] aLp pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG% ;f]lx
cg';f/ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] laa/)fx? cWofjlws u/L
/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|;+u ;dGjo u/L ;xdtL k|bfg
ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbgsf] sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg
/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gbsf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] sfo{s|ddf ;dfa]z ug{sf] nflu Aoa:yfkg ug]{
u/fpg] .
 cfkmg]f If]q leqsf aLpsf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] laa/)f cWofjlws u/L
/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df k&Fpg] .
 >f]t lgw{f/)f u/]sf] :yfg eGbf afXo If]qsf] ;|f]taf^ aLp pknJw
u/fpg' k/]df /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|;+u ;dGjo u/L
cGo :yfg af^ aLp vl/b ug{ ;xdtL k|bfg ug]{ .

3=7 If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnfM

 aLp afnL lg/LIf)f, gd"gf ;+sng, kl/If)f tyf k|dfl)fs/)f ug]{ /
k|lta]bg lbg] .
 aLp e)*f/)f tyf k|zf]wgsf] lg/LIf)f ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbg If]qsf] cg'udg ug]{ .

3=8 r/g tyf #f¤;]afnL cg';Gwfg dxfzfvfM

 ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf pko'Qm x'g] #f¤;]afnLsf :yfgLo tyf pGgt
hftx?sf] cg';Gwfg / ljsf; ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbg sfo{sf] nflu ef}uf]lns If]q cg';f/ l;kmf/L; ul/Psf
#¤F;]afnLx?sf] ljj/)f /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|nfO{
pknJw u/fpg] .
 /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|;+u ;dGjo u/L dfu cg';f/sf]
;|f]t aLp pknAw u/fpg] / ;f] sf] nflu cfjZos sfo{s|d tyf
;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

179
  s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb cGt/ut /x]sf ;DalGwt If]qLo lgsfo;+u
;d]t ;dGjo u/L lgoldt ?kdf aLp pTkfbg If]qsf] lg/LIf)f tyf
lgodg sfo{ ug]{ u/fpg] .
 pTkflbt ;|f]t aLpsf] laa/)f /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|df
k&fpg] .
 ;|f]t aLp pTkfbg tyf #f¤;]afnLsf] pTkfbg kl/If)fsf] nflu r/g
tyf #f¤;]afnL aLp a[l$ kmfd{x?;+u ;fem]bf/L ug]{ .

3=9 /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|M

 aLp ljhg u')f:t/ lgoGq)f s]Gb|, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno, If]qLo
kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno, r/g tyf #f¤;]afnL cg';Gwfg dxfzfvf, ;|f]t
s]Gb| tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?;+u ;dGjo u/L aLp
pTkfbgsf nflu %gf}^ ul/Psf If]q / s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L
sf] laa/)f cWofjlws u/L ;xdtL k|bfg ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbgsf] sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t
;fwgsf] af+*kmf+* u/L cfjZostfg';f/ cfkmgf] sfo{s|ddf ;d]t
;dfa]z ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbg ug]{ ;|f]t s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t aLp pknAw
ug]{, u/fpg] .
 aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f ;DalGw lgodg, cg'udg tyf
d"Nof+sgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lgsfodf
clgjfo{ ?kdf k&fpg] .
 /fli^<o :t/sf] aLpsf] dfu / cfk"lt{ laa/)f b'?:t /fvL lhNnfsf]
dfu cg';f/sf] aLpsf] ;|f]t lgwf/)f lgDg cg';f/ x'g] u/L ;dodfg}
ug]{ .
o lxpb] #f¤;]afnLM efb| d;fGt leq .
o aif]{ #f¤;]afnLM df# d;fGt leq .
o ax'alif{o #f¤;]afnLM a}zfv d;fGt leq .
 aLpsf] d'No lgwf{/)f ug]{ u/fpg] .
 ;|f]t s]Gb|af^ aLp pknAw x'g g;lsg] cj:yfdf cfjZos j}slNks
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
 aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]^
sfo{s|d k|:tfj ug]{ .
 cg'udg, d"Nof+sg tyf cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{ .
 ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L ;+o"St ?kdf cg'udgsf]
Aoa:yf ug]{ .

180
 3=10 kz' pkfbg lgb]{zgfnoM
 sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf] nflu ;dGjo tyf ;xhstf{sf] e'ldsf lga{fx
ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbgsf]] nflu ah]^ tyf sfo{s|d to ug{ cfjZos ;xof]u
ug]{ u/fpg] .
 lgodg tyf cg'udg ug]{ u/fpg] .

3=11 aLp ljhg u')f:t/ lgoGq)f s]Gb|M

 aLp u')f:t/ lgoGq)f ;]jf ;+rfngsf] nflu k|flalws ;]jf pknAw
ug]{, u/fpg] / cfjZos sfo{s|d ;dfj]z ug]{ .
 aLp pTkfbgsf] lgodg, aLp afnL lg/LIf)f, aLp gd"gf ;+sng, aLp
kl/If)f, k|df)fLs/)f, aLp e)*f/ lg/LIf)f tyf aLp ahf/ cg'udg
lgl/If)fsf] nflu If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf tyf /fO{hf]laod tyf
aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf;+u ;d]t cfjZos ;dGjo ug]{ u/fpg] .

3=12 /fli^<o aLp ljhg ;ldltM

 :yfgLo tyf pGgt hftx?sf] ;"lrs[t ug]{ k|s[ofdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
 #f¤;]afnL aLp pTkfbg sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ dfkb)* tof/
u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .
 aLp ljhg gLlt ;DalGw ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
 ;|f]t aLpsf] ;dGjo÷aLp ljhg jf;nft tof/ ug]{ .
 cg'udg / lg/LIf)f ug]{ u/fpg] .

4= o; sfo{lalw cg';f/ #f¤;]afnL ;DjGwL sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ s[ifsx?sf] ?lr

cg';f/ g]kfndf a(L k|rngdf cfPsf #f¤;]afnLx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ % .
To:tf d'Vo d'Vo #f¤;]afnLx? cg';"lr 8 adf]lhd x'g]%g\ .

5= sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf] nflu lhNnf %gf}^ ug]{ k|lqmof M

 ;s];Dd w]/} lhNnfx?sf] nflu kfos kg]{ / ;*s ;'ljwf ePsf]

lhNnfnfO{ a(L k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{% .
 sDtLdf 1 eGbf a(L afnLsf] aLp pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] .
 s'g} vf; aLpsf] nfuL pko"Qm &xl/Psf ljz]if If]q .

181
6= sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlw M

/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] ef}fuf]lns If]q cg';f/ sfo{s|d
;+rfng ug{ tf]lsPsf lhNnfsf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] lgDg adf]lhd lhNnfdf
s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L %gf}^ u/L sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{ kg{]% . lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{nonn] aLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"xsf] xsdf pko'St / cfjZostf ePdf
afnL cg';f/ Ps b]vL tLg j^f ;Dd ;d"x u&g ug{ ;Sg]% .

-s_ ;|f]t aLpsf] cfk"tL{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nfuL k|To]s ljsf; If]qaf6 sDtLdf tLg
lhNnfnfO ;|f]t s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ t/ cfjZostf, ;+DefAotf / ef}uf]lns If]q
x]/L of] ;+Vof 36a9 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L ljlwjt ?kdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf jf lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfo{fnodf bt{f ePsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 . lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no afx]s cGo ;DalGwt
lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] eP btf{ k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnkL lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z
ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-u_ s[ifs ;d"xsf] xsdf sDtLdf 10 hgf ;b:o x'g'kg]{]% .
-#_ aLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"x u&g ubf{ ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df dlxnf, blnt, Go"g
cfo;|f]t ePsf l;dfGts[t ;d"x, o"jf h:tf ;d"xx?nfO{ k|yldstf lbg'kg]{%,
t/ o:tf] ;d"xdf slDtdf 33 k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xefuLtf x'g' kg]{ % . o;}
u/L ;ldlt÷;xsf/L sf] xsdf klg ;f]lx adf]lhd dlxnf k|ltlglwTj ePsf]
;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{% .
-~_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L Jofj;flos e} ;s]sf] jf Joj;fof]Gd'v x'g'kg]{% .
-r_ aLp a[l$af^ pTkflbt #f¤;sf] aLpsf] ahf/ Joj:yf s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷
;xsf/L cfkm}n] ug'{ kg]{% . t/ o; ;DjGwL cGo cfjZos ;xof]u ;DalGwt
lgsfoaf^ x'g]% .
-%_ aLp j[l$df ;+nUg s[ifsx?n] aLp pTkfbg k|ljlw cg';f/ g} aLp pTkfbg
sfo{ ug'{ kg]{% .
-h_ cfkm\gf] jf l%d]sL lhNnfx?sf] dfu adf]lhdsf #f¤;]afnLsf hftx?df aLp
a[l$ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{% .
-em_ Ps jf Ps eGbf a(L #f¤;]afnL aLp a[l$ sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL x'g'kg]{% .
-`f_ aflif{s cfo-Joosf] lx;fj :ki^;+u /fVg' kg]{% .
-^_ jfnL nufpg] ;do ;Dd pTkflbt aLp e)*f/)f ug{ ;Sg' kg]{% .
-&_ Pp^f s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] t/fO{df sDtLdf 4 x]S^/, kxf*df
sDtLdf 2 x]S^/ / pRr kxf*df slDtdf 1 x]S^/ df aLp a[l$ ;+rfng
ug'{ kg]{% .

182
 -*_ ;+ej eP;Dd ;|f]t aLpaf^ g} aLp a[l$ ;DjGwL sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{kg]{% .
;|f]taLp k|fKt ug{ g;lsPsf] cj:yfdf r/g tyf #f+;] afnL cg';Gwfg
dxfzfvfn] l;kmfl/z u/] cg';f/sf hftsf aLp a[l$ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{
kg]{% .
-(_ Pp^f ;d"xn] dfq aLp a[l$ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{ g;s]sf] v)*df glhssf]
2.3 ;d"x ldn]/ klg o:tf] sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg]% t/ To:tf] cj:yfdf
lbO{g] ;'ljwfx? Pp^} ;d"xsf] lx;fjn] lbOg]% .
-)f_ aLp a[l$ ug]{ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ aLp sf]ifsf] /sd cg'bfg lbg'
cl# cg";"lr 1 cg';f/sf] aLp a[l$ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] ljj/)f /
cg';"lr 2 cg';f/sf] ;DaGwLt s[ifs ;d"x÷ ;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{no;+u u/]sf] ;Demf}tf kq ;DalGwt If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno
dfkm{t /fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb| nfO{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non]
clgjfo{ ?kdf k&fpg' kg]{% .
-t_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no afx]s kz' ;]jf laefu cGt/ut cGo ;DalGwt
lgsfon] o:tf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ ePdf o;} sfo{lalw cg';f/ ;+rfng
ug{ ;Sg]% .
-y_ ljlgof]lht /sdsf] ;LdfeGbf a(L x'g]u/L w]/} s[ifs ;d"xsf] k|lt:kw{f ePdf
s[ifs ;d"xsf] ;+:yfut cj:yf tyf a(L If]qkmn / afnLdf aLp a[l$ ug]{
s[ifs ;d"xnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]% .

pko'Qm adf]lhdsf zt{ kfngf ug]{ ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ cfjZostf / ;d"xsf]

l:ylt x]/L sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{ aLp sf]if nufot cfly{s gd\{;n] tf]s] cg';f/sf
cGo ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]% .

7= aLp sf]if kl/rfng ul/g] sfo{x?M

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] aLp lsf]if kl/rfng lgDg cg';f/sf] sfo{df ug{

;lsg]% . t/ o:tf] sf]ifaf^ kl/rflnt /sd ;DjlGwt s[ifs
;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] aLp lals|sf] kl/df)fsf] cfwf/df s[ifsx? af^ g} ;f]wegf{
x'g] u/L AfLp lals| kZrft\ t'?Gt aLp sf]if df bflvnf ug'{ kg]{%M

7=1 dn vl/b tyf aLp vl/b lals| ;DaGwL sfo{x?M

dn vl/b, ;|f]t aLp vl/b tyf aLp pTkfbg u/L t'?Gt a]Rg' kg]{ l:ylt
ePsf s[ifsx?sf] aLp vl/b u/L e)*f/)f u/L /fVg] sfo{x?df aLp sf]if
sf] /sd kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]% .

183
 7=2 Kofs]lh~ d]^]l/on ;DaGwL sfo{x?M
u')f:t/ aLpnfO{ ;'/lIft lsl;dn] e)*f/)f u/L lalqm lat/)f ug{sf nfuL
;lhnf] agfpg Knfli^s÷h'^sf af]/fdf e)*f/)f ug]{ ;fdfu|Lx? vl/b ug{
aLp sf]if sf] /sd kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]% .

7=3 aLp kl/If)f, ^oflu~ ;DaGwL sfo{x?M

aLp kl/If)f, ^oflu~ cfbL h:tf gu/L gx'g] sfo{x?sf] nfuL aLp sf]if
sf] /sd kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]% .

7=4 aLp ('jfgL ;DaGwL sfo{x?M

aLp pTkfbg :ynaf^ e)*f/)f :yn;Dd ('jfgL ug{ aLp sf]ifsf] /sd
kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]% .

7=5 aLp e)*f/)f ;DaGwL sfo{x?M

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] pTkflbt aLp e)*f/)fsf] nfuL uf]bfd ef*fdf
lng cfjZostf ePdf ;DalGwt k|flalwssf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df aLp
sf]ifsf] /sd kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]% . uf]bfd ef*fdf lnbf uf]bfd sfo{sf
nflu pko'Qm x'g] g]kfn s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL, ;femf ;+:yf, aLp jLhg sDkgL
cGo ;/sf/L÷u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] vfnL uf]bfdx? jf ;f] gePdf dfq
JolQm ljz]ifsf] #/÷sf]&fnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]% .

7=6 cGo sfo{x?M

dfly pNn]lvt zLif{s cGtu{t kg]{ jfx]ssf t/ aLp a[l$;+u ;DalGwt cGo
sfo{x? ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] #f¤;]afnL tyf aLp
a[l$ kmfd{ tyf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] :jLs[tL lng'kg]{% .

8= u')f:t/Lo aLpsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{x?M

u')f:t/Lo aLpsf] dxTj, pknJw x'g] ;|f]t, kl/df)f, hft cflbsf] af/]df kDkn]^
/]l*of], l^=le=, ^]lnkmf]g, lr&\&Lkq, canf]sg cflbaf^ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|rf/
k|;f/ ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no,/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f
s]Gb| / If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnon] ;xof]u k'Cofpg]% .

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf ;'b[l(s/)f cGt/lqmof, uf]i&L

u')f:t/Lo aLpsf] dxTj, aLp pTkfbg k|ljlw, ahf/Ls/)f, of]hgf th'{df Pj+d
aLpj[l$ sfo{s|dnfO{ Jofj;flos agfpg] sfo{df clek|]l/t u/fpg] nufot ;+:yfut
;+/rgf ;'b[(Ls/)f u/fpg s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lx?n] cGt/lqmof uf]i&L
;+rfng ug{ ;Sg]%g\ .

184
 -s_ o:tf] uf]i&L If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, s[ifs
;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lx?, /fli^<o tyf cGt/{fli^<o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf sf] ;Nnfx
/ ;xof]udf cfof]hg ug]{ .

-v_ uf]i&L ;s];Dd aLp a[l$ If]qdf g} ;+rfng ug{'kg]{ .

-u_ o:tf] uf]i&Ldf aLp ljhg u')f:t/ lgofGq)f s]Gb|, /fli^<o r/g tyf kz'
cfxf/f s]Gb|, If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno, r/g tyf #f¤;]afnL cg';Gwfg
dxfzfvf, If]qLo aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf, r/g tyf aLp a[l$ kmfd{,
/fO{hf]laod tyf aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, tyf
;DalGwt s[ifs ;d"xsf ;b:o, s[ifs ;ldlt, ;xsf/Lsf k|ltlglw, aLp Jofkf/L
tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf cflbsf] ;xeflutf x'g' kg]{% .

-#_ o:tf] uf]i&Lsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]^ r/g tyf aLp a[l$ kmfd{ tyf
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] cfKfmg} sfo{s|d af^ vr{ x'g] u/L /fVg' kg]{% .
t/ If]qLo :t/ tyf s]lGb|o:t/df o:tf uf]i&Lsf] ;+rfng ug'{ k/]df If]qLo
:t/df If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno / s]lGbo:t/df /fli^<o r/g tyf kz'
cfxf/ s]Gb|n] cfkmgf] sfo{s|ddf ;dfa]z ug]{% .

9= tfnLdM

sfo{s|d sfo{fGjogsf] nflu s[ifs, pBdL, k|flalws sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZostf

cg';f/ tflnd k|bfg ug{ aLp ljhg u')f:t/ lgoGq)f s]Gb| / /fli^<o r/g tyf
kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|n] cf cfkmgf] sfo{{qmddf ;dfa]z ug'{ kg]{% . aLp ljhg u')f:t/
lgoGq)F s]Gb| jf kz' ;]jf tfnLd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnoåf/f o:tf] tfnLd k|bfg
u/Lg]% . of]hgf th'{df / aLp afnL lgl/If)f ;DjGwL sfo{ uGf{ o; lsl;dsf]
tfnLd k|fKt sd{rf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg' kg]{% .

10= aLp v/Lb ;Demf}tfM s'g} kgL AoQmL, ;+#, ;+:yf tyf sfof{non] cfkm'nfO{ cfjZos
kg]{ aLp, aLp pTkfbs;+u aLp pTkfbg ug{ nufO{ v/Lb ug{ kg]{ ePdf cg';"lr 9
cg';f/ ;+Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg] % .

11= #f¤;]afnL v]tL ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ aLp tyf dn M #+f; tyf aLp pTkfbgsf] nflu
#f¤;]afnL v]tL ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ aLp tyf dn cg';'rL 10 df /x]sf] r/g tyf
#f;]jfnL pTkfbg aflif{s sfo{ tflnsf cg';f/ x'g]% .

12= sfo{qmd ;+rfng cfly{s gd{;M sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] s[ifs ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln]

sfo{lalwdf pNn]v u/]sf sfo{lalw k'/f u/]df lgDg cg';f/ xg]u/L cg'bfg lbg
;lsg] % .

185
 tkl;n

#f¤;]afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{lalw

sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|:tflat cly{s gd{;\

qm=;+= sfo{s|d k|:tfljt cly{s gd{;\ s}lkmot
! ¤ +;]afnLsf]]
# != aLp a[l4 sfo{s|dsf] aLp sf]if :yfkgfsf]  s[lif laefu cGt/ut
Jofj;flos nflu Ps k6s dfq ?= !,)),))).– Ps afnL lasf;
aLp pTkfbg
nfv ;Dd lbg ;lsg] t/ s[ifs lgb]{zgfnosf] afnL
tyf
ahf/Ls/)f
;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] cg'bfg a/fa/sf] lasf; sfo{s|d ;+rfng
sfo{s|d /sd hDdf u/] k5L dfq ;f] /sd pknAw ug]{ sfo{lalw tyf
u/fpg] . lgb]{lzsfsf] lhNnf
@= aLp pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] ;|f]t aLpsf] :t/Lo aLpljhg cfTd
d"Nodf %) k|ltzt / 9'jfgLdf -:yn lge{/ sfo{s|d )%&÷%*
dfu{af6_ :yfgLo b//]6 cg';f/sf] nfutdf tyf k/Ldflh{t cfly{s
ztk|ltzt cg'bfg lbg ;lsg] . gd{;\ - cy{ dGqfnosf]
#= aLpsf] nflu cfaZo k"af{wf/x? 3/ ldtL )^(.!.!$ ;xdlt
lgdf{0fdf ? # nfv y|]l;Ë ˆnf]/ lgdf{0fdf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/
? ! nfv / oGq÷pks/0fdf ? ! nfv ;Dd ;lra :t/sf] ldlt
Ps s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/LnfO{ Ps )^(.!.@% lg0f{o_
k6s dfq cg'bfg lbg ;lsg] . cg';f/ x'g] u/L k|:tfa
$= pko"Qm ;a} sfo{qmdx? lalgof]lht jh]6 / u/LPsf] .
l:js[t sfo{qmdsf] k/Llw leq /xL ;+rfng
ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

186
 cg';'rL 1 M

afnL nufpg' cufj} lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfo{fno÷cyjf==========kmfd{=================n] eg'{kg]{

aLp a[l$ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] ljj/)f

1= aLpa[l$df ;+nUg s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] gfd M

2= &]ufgf M

3= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf /x]sf s[ifsx?sf] ;+Vof M dlxnfM k'?ifM s'nM

4= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] k|s[lt -ax'p@]ZoLo÷Psn_ M

5= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] ljutdf ;+rfng u/]sf ultljlwx? M

s_

v_

u_

6= aLp a[l$df ;+rfng ug{ z'? u/]sf] ldlt M

-s_ #f¤;]afnLx? M

-v_ #f¤;]afnLsf hftx? M

7= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] aLp a[l$ sf] k"+hL M

8= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t M

9= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] j}wflgstf M -lh=s[=lj=sf=df btf{÷lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no df

btf{÷;xsf/Ldf bt{f÷w/]n'df btf{÷lh=k|=sf= bt{f÷cGo s]xL eP v'nfpg]M

10= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/;+u ;DalGwt JolQmx? M

11= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] a]+s vftf ;+rfng eP gePsf] M

s_ ePsf] eP a}+ssf] gfd &]ufgfM

v_ vftfsf] lsl;dM rNtL÷art÷d'$tL÷====M

v_ vftf g+=

u_ a+}s df}Hbft M

12= s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf aLp pTkfbg k|ljlt af/] !fg ePsf s[ifsx?sf] ;+Vof /

gfd M

187
13= ut jif{sf] aLp pTkfbg / laqmLsf] jf;nft M

#f¤;]afnL Hfft nufO{Psf] pTkfbg aLpsf] ?kdf ljqmL kz' aLpsf] s}lkmot
sf] gfd If]qkmn cfxf/fsf] ?kdf
;d"x ;d"x lhNnf ?kdf :^s
leq aflx/ aflx/ k|of]u

14= o; cf=a================================ df s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ln] ;+rfng ug]{ aLp a[l$

sfo{s|dsf] ljj/)f M

14=1 ============== gfdsf] #f¤;]afnLsf] lap pTkfbg laa/)f

l;=g+ s[ifsx?sf] Hfft If]qkmn nufOg] nufOg] cg'dflgt tflnd s}lkmot

gfd÷&]ufgf aLpsf] aLpsf] aLp pTkfbg kfP÷gkfPsf]
:t/ ;|f]t k/Ldf)f

hDdf

pTkflbt aLpsf] x'g;Sg] cg'dflgt vkt M

s_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L leq M

v_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L aflx/ M

u_ lhNnf aflx/ M

188
 14=2 ==============gfdsf] #f¤;]afnLsf] lap pTkfbg laa/)f

s[ifsx?sf] Hfft If]qkmn nufOg] nufOg] cg'dflgt tflnd s}lkmot

l;=g+ gfd÷&]ufgf aLpsf] aLpsf] aLp pTkfbg kfP÷gkfPsf]
:t/ ;|f]t k/Ldf)f

hDdf

pTkflbt aLpsf] x'g;Sg] cg'dflgt vkt M

s_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L leq M

v_ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L aflx/ M

u_ lhNnf aflx/ M

:kli^s/)fM a'bf 14 cg';f/sf] %'§f%'§} hftsf] laa/)f qmd; %'§f%'§} eg'{ kg]{ % .

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] k|ltlglwsf]M lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kmfd{÷s]Gb|sf] ;DalGwt clws[tsf]

gfd M gfd M

kb M kb M

x:tf/If/ M x:tf/If/ M

ldlt M ldlt M

189
 cg';"rL 2

#f¤;]afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|ddf cfa$ x'g rfxg] aLp
a[l$ s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf]

;Demf}tf kq

;+nUg cg';"rL 1 cg';f/sf] ljj/)f ePsf s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L =============================

=============================================lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷=============kmfd{÷=======================s]Gb|

========================;+u #f¤;]afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|d cGt/utsf]

sfo{s|ddf cfj$ x'gsf nfuL kz' ;]jf ljefu, kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno, /fli^<o r/g tyf kz'

cfxf/f s]Gb| $f/f k|sflzt #f+;] afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|d

cGtu{tsf] sfo{s|d sfo{fGjog sfo{lalw cg';f/ sfd ug{ d`h'/ eO{ of] ;Demf}tf kq lbPsf %f} .

;f] cg';f/ gePdf sfg"g cg';f/ ;x'+nf a'emfp+nf egL ;+:yfsf tkm{af^ xfdL tkzLnsf

JolQmx?n] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ===================================sf clws[t k|ltlglwsf] gfd

======================================================= -kb_ ========================sf] /f]xj/df x:tfIf/ u/]sf

%f} .

tkzLn M

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L sf] tkm{ af^

1_ cWoIf M gfd M x:tfIf/ M

2_ ;lrj M gfd M x:tfIf/

3_ sf]IffWoIf M gfd M x:tfIf/

/f]xj/ M

lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no÷kmfd{÷s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwsf] M

gfd M

kb M

x:tfIf/ M

ldlt M

190
 cg';"rL 3
afln nufO{ ;s]k%L eg'{ kg]{ kmf/fd
#¤f;]afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|d sf] pTkfbg ;DaGwL ljj/)f

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] gfdM &]ufgf M #f¤;]afnLsf] gfd M

;b:ox?sf] sfo{s|d ;+rfng aLpsf] nufO{Psf] aLp %/]sf]÷ df^f] kl/If)f dnvfb b/ k|lt x]= aLp a]rljvgsf]
hftx? If]qkmn
gfd If]qsf] &]ufgf ;|f]t aLpsf] :t/ /f]k]sf] ldlt u/fP÷gu/fPsf] sDkf]i^÷/f;folgs ul/Psf k|of;x?

tof/ ug]{ M k|dfl)ft ug]{

sd{rf/L sf] gfdM sfo{fno k|d'v sf] gfd M

b:tvtM b:tvtM

ldlt M ldlt M

191
 cg';"rL 4
afnL pTkfbg u/L e)*f/)f u/L;s] k%L eg'{ kg]{ kmf/fd
#f¤;]afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|d sf] pTkfbg, laqmL Pj+ :^s ljj/)f

s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] gfdM

&]ufgfM #f¤;afnLsf] gfd M

qm= s[ifssf] gfd &]ufgf aLpsf] pTkflbt hft nufOPsf] pTkfbg aLpsf] ?kdf kz' cfxf/fsf] s}lkmot
;+= ;|f]t aLpsf] :t/ If]qkmn ljqmL ePsf] df}Hbfg ?kdf
kl/df)f kl/df)f k|of]u÷ljqmL

tof/ ug]{ M k|dfl)ft ug]{

sd{rf/L sf] gfdM sfo{fno k|d'v sf] gfd M
b:tvtM b:tvtM
ldlt M ldltM

192
 cg';"rL 5
afnL pTkfbg u/L e)*f/)f u/L;s] k%L eg'{ kg]{ kmf/fd
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
kz' ;]jf ljefu
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|
xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/
aLp pTkfbg laqmL ljt/)f tyf :^s ;DaGwL ljj/)f
lhNnf M============================== #f¤;]afnLsf] gfd M ======================================================== cf=a= ==============================

s[ifs ;b:o ;+Vof lxtsf]if pTkfbg aLp aLp ljqmL ljt/)f

#f¤;sf] aLpsf] aLpsf] kz' cfxf/fdf
qm=;+= ;d"x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L /sd If]qkmn pTkfbg lhNnf lhNnf s}lkmot
dlxnf k'?if hDdf hft ;|f]t :t/ k|of]u ePsf]
sf] gfd / &]ufgf -?=_ -x]=_ leq aflx/

gf]^ M
1_ %'^[f%'^[} #f¤;]afnLsf] kmd]{^ %'^[f%'^[} e/L k&fpg' kg]{% .
2_ aLp pTkfbg u')f:t/ lgoGq)f Pj+ jhf/ Joj:yfkg af/] s]xL ;d:of tyf /fo ;'emfj eP cnUu} kfgfdf pNn]v u/L k&fpg] .
3_ lhNnfx?af^ k|fKt x'g] ;d"xx?sf] pNn]lvt ljj/)fsf] cfwf/df ljZj vfB lbj; ;df/f]xdf pTs[i^ &xl/Psf ;d"xx?nfO{ k'/:s[t ul/g]% .
tof/ ug]{ M k|dfl)ft ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM sfo{fno k|d'v sf] gfd M
b:tvtM b:tvtM
ldlt M ldlt

193
 cg';"rL 6
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
kz' ;]jf ljefu
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno
/fli^<o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|
xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/

#f+;] afnLsf]] Jofj;flos aLp pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/)f sfo{s|dsf] #f¤;]afnLsf] pTkfbg, dfu / cfk"lt{ laa/)f

qm= #f¤;]afnLsf] gfd cfjZostf cfk"lt{ Pu|f] e]^÷l;* sfo{s|d s'n #f¤;]afnLn]
;+= sDkgL ah]^ ? sfo{s|d (fSg]
xhf/df ah]^sf] If]qkmn
k|ltzt
lhNnfsf] sfo{s|d hDdf lhNnf ;/sf/L cGo cfGt/Ls cGo
sfo{s|d eGbf leq kmfd{ ;|f]t==== pTkfbg d'n's
leq aflx/
s lxpb]

1 h}

2 Alif{d

3 e]r

=====

=======

194
 qm= #f¤;]afnLsf] gfd cfjZostf cfk"lt{ Pu|f] e]^÷l;* sfo{s|d s'n #f¤;]afnLn]
;+= sDkgL ah]^ ? sfo{s|d (fSg]
xhf/df ah]^sf] If]qkmn
k|ltzt
v aif]{

1 l^of];]G^L

2 afh/f

3 ;'*fg

======
======
u ax'alif{o

-:^fO{nf], , ,

df]nf;];

HjfO{G^ e]r

Snf]e/,

kf:kfnd

g]kLo/

;]^]/Lof

=======
=========

tof/ ug]{M k|dfl)ft ug]{

195
 cg';"rL 7

aLp laqmL lat/)fdf x'g' kg]{ Go"gtd dfkb)*x? -063.5.29 u')f:t/ lgwf{/)f tyf
Aoa:yf pk;ldlts]f lg)f{o cg';f/ kf/Lt_ Forage seeds sf] Truthful Label

S.N. Name of Forage Purity % Minimum Germination % Remarks

Crops Minimum
Common Name Botanical Name CS* TL
1 Berseem Trifolium alexandrinum 98 97
2 Oat Avena sativa 97 98
3 Kote Medicago falcata 98 97
Pennisetum
4 Dinanath 95 94
pedicilatum
5 Sorghum Sorghum bicolor 97 97
Sorghum sudanense 97 97
Sorghum vulgare 97 97
6 Guinea Grass Panicum maximum 70 70
Panicum colaratum 70 70
Stylosanthes
7 Stylo 90 90
guyanensis
Stylosanthes hamata 90 90
8 Teosinte Euchleana maxicana 98 98
9 Setaria Grass Setaria anceps 60 60
10 White Clover Trifolium repens 93 93
11 Rye Grass Lolium multiflorum 97 95
Lolium perenne 97 95
12 Cowpea Vigna sinensis 98 98
13 Cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata 80 80
Leuchaena
14 Ipil ipil 98 98
leucocephala
Leuchaena diversifolia 98 98
15 Molasses Melinis minutiflora 40 40
16 Paspalum Paspalum dilatatum 60 60
17 Desmodium Desmodium intortum 94 92
Desmodium
94 92
uncinatum
Macroptilium
18 Siratro 97 97
atropurpureum
19 Winter vetch Vicia sativa 98 98
Vicia dasycarpa 98 98
Vicia benghalensis 98 98
Aeschynomene
20 Joint vetch 95 93
americana
21 Kudzu Pueraria thunbergiana 98 98
22 Lab lab Lab lab purpureus 98 98

* Proposed Purity % and Germination % certified Seed.

TL : Truthful Label of Forage seed CS: Certified Seed

196
 cg';"lr 8

g]kfndf k|rlnt d'Vo d'Vo #f¤;]afnLx?

#f;sf k|sf/ #f;sf hftx?

aif]{ #f; l^of];]G^L, Hjf/, afh|f, h'g]nf], ;'*fg

lxpb] #f; h}, alif{d, e]r, n';g{

ax'alif{o #f; :^fO{nf], df]nf;];, HjfO{G^ e]r, XjfO{^ Snf]e/, /fO{u|f;, sS;km'^,
^nkm]:s' kf:kfnd, -aLpaf^ k|;f/)f u/Lg]_

d'nf^f], g]lko/, kf:kfnd, cld|;f], ;]^]l/of, Ujf^]dfnf -sl^~/:nLk/ufgf]

af^ k|;f/)f u/Lg]_

*fn]#f; O{lknOlkn, lsDa', a*x/, ^fsL, sf]O{/fnf], lgdf/f], /fO{vGo',

:yfgLo #f; sf]t], aG;f], km'rf{, l(DrL, ('; cfbL

:ki^Ls/)fM o; sfo{ljlwsf] k|of]hgsf]nflu aLp eGgfn] sl^~ jf :nLk jf ufgf] jf la?jf

nfO{ ;d]t hgfpg] % .

197
 cg';"rL 9

#+f;sf] aLp vl/b ug]{ ;+emf}tf kq

lhNnf ======== uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= ======== v*f=g+= ======== a:g] >L ======= sf

%f]/f / %f]/L jif{ ========== sf >L÷>LdtL ================= ;+u
xfd|f]============================== s]Gb| ;ldlt÷;+:yfn] tkl;n adf]lhdsf
zt{x?sf] kfng ug]{ u/L lgDg #+f;sf] aLp lbg]÷ lng] u/L lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{no÷======= =========== sf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df cfh ldlt
============= df ;Demf}tf ul/of] .

s|= ;+= #+f;]jfnLsf] gfd hft kl/df)f k|lt lsnf] d'No -?=_ hDdf d'No -?=_

hDdf

b'a} kIfn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ zt{x?

1= s[ifsn] aLp Nofpg' kg]{ :yfg / ;+# ;+:yf ;ldltn] p&fpg' kg]{ :yfgsf] gfd
======================================================

2= ;fn ======== dlxgf ======== ut] ======== leq s[ifsn] aLp Nofpg' kg]{ % .

3= aLp ;kmf, /fd|f] / u|]l*~ u/]sf] x'g' k%{ .

4= ljpsf] pdf/ zlQm slDtdf ===== k|ltzt / hnfDz ========== k|ltzt ePsf] x'g'
kg]{% .

5= ljpsf] e'QmfgL tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf Nof{O{;s]kl% tf]lsPsf] b//]^ cg';f/ x'g cfpg]
/sdsf] 70 k|ltzt /sd vl/b st{fn] tTsfn} e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{% / a+fsLsf] xsdf
k|of]uzfnf kl/If)faf^ zt{ g+= 4 cg';f/ k'/f eP kl% e'QmfgL lbOg] % .

198
6= ;+emf}tf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] ;do / &fp+df #+f;sf] aLp s[ifsn] clgjfo{ ?kdf
Nofpg' kg]{% / gNofPdf ;+emf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] aLpsf] d'No 50% /sd gub} s[ifsn]
s]Gb|÷;+#÷;+:yf÷;ldlt nfO{ xh{fgf :j?k a'emfpg' kg]{% . To:t} u/L
s]Gb|÷;+#÷;+:yf÷;ldltn] ;+emf}tf cg';f/ aLp clgjfo{ ?kdf tf]lsPsf] ;do /
:yfjf^ p&fpg' kg]{% . aLp gp&fPdf ;+efm}tfdf tf]lsPsf] aLpsf] d"Nosf] 50
k|ltzt /sd xh{fgf :j?k s]Gb|÷;+#÷;+:yf÷;ldltn] cg'jfo{ ?kdf s[ifsnfO{
a'emfpg' kg]{% . cGoyf x'g uPdf o; ;+emf}tf kqsf] cfwf/df k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd b'a} kIfjf^ /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] % .

7= ;+emf}tf cg'?k gePsf] cj:yf ;DaGwLt uf=lj=;=÷j*f ;ldlt k|ltlglw÷/f]xj/

k|ltlglw / aLp lng] lbg] b'a} kIfsf] pkl:yltdf Joxf]/f d'r'Nsf p&fpg ;lsg] %
/ ljkIfaf^ k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePdf klg d'r'Nsf p&fpg jfwf kg]{ %}g .

8= s'g} k|sf/sf] cgfljli^ jf(L klx/f] x'/L atf;, cltj[li^ cflb, h:tf b}aL k|sf]ksf
sf/)f af^ tf]lsPsf] ;do / kl/df)fdf ljp pTkfbg ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfsf] >[hgf
x'g uPdf tTsfn} ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= / lhNnf kz' ;]jf, sfo{fnonfO{ ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf lbg' kg]{ % .

s[ifs k|ltlglwsf] s]Gb|÷;+#÷;+:yf÷;ldltsf] k|ltlglwsf]

;lx M ;lx M

Gffd M Gffd M

&]ufgf M &f]ufgf M

/f]xa/ M lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfo{fno÷====sf] tkm{af^ ;lx M

gfd M kb M &]ufgfM

gf]^M o; k|sf/sf] ;+emf}tf aLp pTkfbs s[ifs afx]s #+f;sf] aLp pTkfbg ug]{ s[ifs
;d"x÷;+#÷;+:yf÷;ldlt;+u klg ug{ ;lsg]% .

199
 cg';"rL 10
r/g tyf #f;]jfnL pTkfbg aflif{s sfo{ tflnsf

200
 o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&)
-g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, ;lrj:t/Lo ldlt @)&)÷(÷!$ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_

k[i7e"ld
b]zsf] s"n ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] Ps ltxfO{ eGbf a9L s[lif If]qjf6 k|fKt x'g] / b'O{ ltxfO{ eGbf a9L
hg;+Vof /f]huf/L tyf lhljsf]kfh{gsf nflu o; If]qdf lge{/ /xg] ePsf]n] g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf
s[lif If]qsf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] :ki6 5 . g]kfndf k|To]s aif{ sl/a $ nfv %) xhf/ hlt
pTkfbglzn o'jfx?sf] /f]huf/ ahf/df k|j]z x'g] u/]sf] 5 . b]z leq} /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf]
;[hgf x'g g;Sbf aif]{gL pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf pTkfbglzn o'jfx? /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ljb]z knfog
e}/x]sf 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df, o'jfx?nfO{ s[lif If]qdf cfslif{t ug{ o'jf nlIft s[lif Joj;fo
;~rfngfy{ k|lt:kwL{ ?kdf cg'bfg k|jfx ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfn' cf=j= @)&)÷)&! sf] cfo–
Joosf] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L jQmJo dfkm{t NofO{Psf] o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd ;d]t sfof{Gjog ug{
g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif lasf; dGqfnon] æo'jf nlIft sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{lalw, @)&)Æ tof/
u/]sf] 5 .

kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM
-s_ of] sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æo'jf nlIft sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{lalw, @)&)Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-v_ of] sfo{ljlw s[lif ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldltaf6 k|f/De x'g]5 .
@ kl/efiffM ljifo / k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf–
s_ æo'jf nlIft sfo{qmdÆ (Youth Focused Program) eGgfn] o'jfx?nfO{ Joj;flos s[lif
If]qdf cfslif{t ug{ k|ljlw, tflnd tyf aLp k"Flh ;lxtsf] Joj;flos t/sf/L v]tL,
dT:okfng, df}/Lkfng, Rofp v]tL, a+u'/kfng, ljz]if kz' pTkfbg -8]/L_ tyf afv|f
k|j4{g sfo{qmd eGg] a'em\g' k5{ .
v_ æo'jfÆ eGgfn] o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ rfxg] !* b]lv %) aif{ pd]/ k'u]sf
g]kfnL gful/s eGg] a'em\g' k5{ .
u_ æ:sLdÆ eGgfn] o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;DalGwt o'jfx?n] k]z u/]sf]
k|:tfj eGg] a'em\g' k5{ .
#= p2]ZoM o; sfo{ljlwsf p2]Zo b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf] 5M–
-s_ s[lif, dT:o / kz'kfng If]qdf Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|ljlw tyf
k|lt:kwL{ cg'bfg k|bfg ug]{ .
-v_ o'jf ju{sf nflu :jb]zdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] >[hgf ug{] .
-u_ o'jfx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf ;]jf 6]jf k'¥ofO{ s[ifs kl/jf/sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

201
 kl/R5]b–@
o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfng lalw
$_ o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfngfy{ o'jf s[ifs tyf If]q 5gf}6sf
cfwf/x? M o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfngfy{ o'jf s[ifs tyf If]q
5gf}6sf cfwf/x? b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
s_ t/sf/L v]tL ul/g] :yn k|fljlws, ef}uf]lns tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm x'g' kg]{ 5 .
v_ t/sf/L v]tLsf] nfuL hldg cfˆg} jf ef8fdf lnP/ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . :sLd ;+rfng ug]{
o'jf ;f]lx lhNnfsf] :yfoL afl;Gbf x'g' kg]{ afWosf/L geP klg ;DalGwt lhNnfdf g}
v]tLsf] nflu k|:tfj u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
u_ Joj;flos t/sf/L v]tLsf] nflu ;DalGwt o'jfx?n] :sLdsf] s'n nfutsf] slDtdf %)Ü
ef/ Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . pQm ef/ /sd÷>dbfg÷lhG;L jf ltg} y/L u/L x'g ;Sg] 5 .
3_ blnt, d'Qm sd}of, ;fdflhs ?kdf lk5l8Psf tyf ljkGg o'jfju{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf
lbg'kg]{5 .
ª_ ;s];Dd lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ks]6 If]q jf ;f] cf;kf;sf If]qsf
:sLd 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{5 .
r_ k|lts'n jftfj/0fLo c;/ Go"g kfg]{ lsl;dsf l:sdx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ kb{5 .
5_ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no tyf cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}x| ;/sf/L lgsfosf cGo
sfo{qmdaf6 t/sf/L v]tL k|of]hgsf nflu ;xof]u glnPsf] l:sd 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 .
h_ 5gf}6 ePsf l:sdx? ;f]xL cfly{s jif{ leq k'/f x'g'kb{5 .
%_ o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+of]hs / lghsf] bfloTj M o'jf nlIft
Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfngfy{ sfo{qmd ;+of]hs / lghsf] bfloTj b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmdsf] nflu lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf
jfujfgL ljsf; clws[tnfO{ ;+of]hs tf]sL lhDd]jf/L lbg] jf lgh gePsf] v08df
sfof{no k|d'vn] s'g} clws[tnfO{ ;+of]hs tf]sL lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkg'kg]{5 .
v_ ;+of]hsn] lhNnfdf t/sf/L v]tLdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of x]/L ;DjlGwt ljifo ljz]if1 / s[lif
;]jf s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udf lg/LIf0f, cg'udg, ;d:of ;dfwfg h:tf sfo{x? ug'{kg]{5 .
u_ k|To]s l:sd ;DjGwL eP u/]sf sfo{x?sf] clen]v ;+of]hsn] /fVg'kg]{5 .
^_ o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[ofM o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos
t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfngfy{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ ;"rgf k|jfx M lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ cfwf/x? tyf sfo{ljwL af/], :yflgo kq klqsf,
s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|, uf=lj=;= tyf :yfgLo Pkm=Pd= dfkm{t clwstd cg';"rL ! jdf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf ;"rgf k|jfx u/fpg' kg]{5 .
v_ cfj]bg M pk/f]Qm sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g] s'g} klg Aoa;flos t/sf/L pTkfbg
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lab]zaf6 kms]{sf, lab]z hfg nfu]sf tyf :yflgo a]/f]uf/
o'jfx?af6 cg';"rL @ jdf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| jf lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{nox?df cfj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|df k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{qmdx? ;]jf
s]Gb|sf k|fljlwsx?n] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf l;kmfl/; ;fy lgj]bg kmf/fd btf{
u/fpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] dfu af/] ;DjlGwt uf=lj=;=nfO{ hfgsf/L lbPsf] x'g'kg]{5 .

202
u_ l:sdM cfj]bgsf] ;fydf cg';"rL # jdf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf cfkm"n] ug{ rfxg] l:sdsf] ;+lIfKt
sfo{of]hgf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . :sLdnfO{ oyfy{k/s kfg{ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non]
;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 .
3_ 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] bkmf ^ -3_ adf]lhd o'jf nlIft Aoa;flos
t/sf/L pTkfbg sfo{qmdaf/] dfu eO{ cfPsf cfj]bgx?sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ cg';"rL ^ df
pNn]lvt ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df ug]{5 . o;sf cnfjf l:sd ;+rfng x'g] :yfgsf] cjnf]sg
;d]t u/L lhNnf s[lif lasf; ;ldltdf k]z ul/ kfl/t u/fpg'kg]{5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
;ldltjf6 :jLs[t ePsf l:sdsf k|:tfjsnfO{ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] cg';"rL $
adf]lhd ;Demf}tf u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/fOg]5 .
ª_ cg'bfg /sd / k|lqmof M cg'bfg ;xof]usf] /sd / k|lqmof b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
!= o'jfnlIft sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu t/sf/L ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{nonfO{ g} clVtof/L pknAw u/fpg] 5 .
@= kxf8L lhNnfdf k|lt l:sd al9df ?= $),))).– / t/fO{sf lhNnfdf k|lt l:sd al9df
?= ^),))). ;Dd cg'bfg :j?k /sd pknAw u/fO{g]5 .
#= ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL @)^$ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ lgod $!=! -
3_ df Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgj]bs / ;DjlGwt ;]jf s]Gb| jf lhNnf s[lif lasf;
sfof{nosf k|fljlwsn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfo{qmdsf] nfut tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu lhNnf
s[lif ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
$= :jLs[lt kZrft lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] pQm sfo{qmdsf] nflu cg'bfg :j?k
/sd ;f]em} pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fp+bf b'O{ ls:tfdf
cg'bfg pknJw u/fOg]5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; ;ldltaf6 sfo{qmd :jLs[t eO{ lhNnf
s[lif ljsf; sfof{no;+u ;Demf}tf ePkl5 klxnf] ls:tf cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fO{g]5.
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 cfjZos sfuhft tof/ u/L bf]>f] ls:tfsf] e'QmfgLsf nflu
k]z ug'{ kg]{5, t/ bf]>f] ls:tfs]f /sd k|fKt ug{sfnflu k|yd ls:tfsf] /sd km/kmf/s
ePsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 . ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no jf s[lif ;]jfs]Gb|n] cg'udg
ul/ ;Gtf]ifhgs kfO{Pdf bf]>f] ls:tf /sd e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . o:tf] cg'bfg /sd
Joj;flos t/sf/L v]tL ug{ cfjZos kg]{ aLp, dn, ljiffbL, Knfli6s, l;rfO{sf] kfO{k
tyf t/sf/L pTkfbg ug]{ cGo ;fdu|L cflbdf vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
r_ sfo{ ;~rfngM g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt P]g lgod adf]lhd lhNnf slif ljsf; sfof{non]
cu|;/tf lnO{ ;DjlGwt o'jfx?åf/f kf/blz{tf ckgfO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{5 .
sfo{qmd ;+rfng k]z ePsf] l:sd / ;Demf}tf cg';f/ x'g'kg]{ 5 .
r_ nfut Oli6d]6 tof/ ubf{ Oli6d]6 c+ssf] % k|ltzt slG6Gh]G;L :j?k /flvg]5 h'g /sd
nfut O{l:6d]6, cg'udg tyf k|lta]bg tof/L cflbsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{non] vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
5_ sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bgM o'jf s[ifsx?n] l:sd / ;Demf}tf cg';f/ sfo{qmd k"0f{?kn] ;DkGg
eO{;s]kl5 ;DjlGwt s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf
cg';"rL % adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{non] lhNnfdf ;+rflnt o'jf nlIft sfo{qmdsf] k|utL sDkfon ul/ rf}dfl;s /
aflif{s ?kdf k|utL k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ ;DalGwt If]qLo s[lif lgb]{zgfnodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
;DjlGwt If]qLo s[lif lgb]{zgfnon] lhNnfaf6 k|fKt k|utL sDkfOn u/L rf}dl;s÷aflif{s
?kdf t/sf/L ljsf; lgb]{zgfnonfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

203
 kl/R5]b–#
o'jf nlIft dT:o kfng Aoa;fo ;~rfngsf nflu cg'bfg sfo{qmd ;~rfng lalw
&_ o'jf nlIft dT:o kfng Aoa;fo ;~rfngsf nflu cg'bfg sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|lqmof M o'jf
nlIft dT:o kfng Aoa;fo ;~rfngsf nflu cg'bfg sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|lqmof b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf] cu'jfO{df lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t sfo{qmd
;+rfng x'g]5 .
-v_ dT:o ljsf;sf] nflu cfaZos d'No >[+vnfsf] s'g}klg If]qdf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ :sLd ;+rfngsf] nflu dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] /fli6«o klqsfdf cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf ;"rgf cfAxfg ug]{5 . ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df OR5's o'jfn] cfkm"n] ;~rfng ug]{
l:sdsf] cg';"rL # adf]lhd sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L cg';"rL @ adf]lhd ;DalGwt lhNnf
s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf cfj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ k|:tfjx?dWo] ;DalGwt lhNnfn] cg';"rL ^ adf]lhd d"Nof+sg u/L cf}lrTotfsf] cfwf/df
a9Ldf !) -bz_ j6f k|:tfj 5gf]6 u/L dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnodf l;kmfl/; u/L
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-ª_ l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf k|:tfjx? 5gf}6sf] nflu dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] bkmf *
adf]lhd ul7t sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldltdf k]z ug]{5 .
-r_ 5gf]6 ePsf k|:tfj sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf
k7fO{g]5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] l:sd ;+rfngsf] nflu cg';"rL $ adf]lhd
;Demf}tf u/fO{ pQm ;Demf}tf kqsf] ! k|lt dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-5_ cg'bfg /sd / k|s[of b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!_ sfo{ ;DkGg eP kZrft ;DalGwt o'jf s[ifsn] cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt e'QmfgLsf]
nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{non] :ynut cg'udg ul/ ;Gtf]ifhgs kfO{Pdf e'QmfgLsf] nflu dT:o ljsf;
lgb]{zgfnodf l;kmfl/z ;lxt cg'/f]w u/L k7fpg]5 . sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg /
l;kmfl/zsf cfwf/df dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t
b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] /sd pknAw u/fpg]5 .
qm= cg'bfg /sd
ljj/0f s[ifssf] bfloTj s}lkmot
;+= -?=_
! o'jf nlIft dT:o kfng l:sd slDtdf %)
%),))).–
;Grfngfy{ -k|lt l:sd_ k|ltzt
@ cg'udg Pj+ k|zf;lgs vr{ -k|lt l:sd_ @,%)).–
-@_ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] cfly{s lgodfg';f/ ;DalGwt o'jfn] /sd a'em]sf] lan
ekf{O{ dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
h_ sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bgM o'jf s[ifsx?n] l:sd / ;Demf}tf cg';f/ sfo{qmd k"0f{?kn] ;DkGg
eO{;s]kl5 ;DjlGwt s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf
cg';"rL % adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{non] lhNnfdf ;+rflnt o'jf nlIft sfo{qmdsf] k|utL sDkfon ul/ rf}dfl;s /
aflif{s ?kdf k|utL k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ ;DalGwt If]qLo s[lif lgb]{zgfnodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
;DjlGwt If]qLo s[lif lgb]{zgfnon] lhNnfaf6 k|fKt k|utL sDkfOn u/L rf}dl;s÷aflif{s
?kdf s[lif ljefu / dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnonfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

204
*_ k|:tfj d'Nof+sg Pj+ 5gf]6 sfo{sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s]lGb|o:t/df sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
;ldltsf] Aoa:yf ul/g]5 . ;fy} ;f] ;ldltn] cfaZos ePdf k|fljlws pk;ldlt u7g ug{
;Sg]5 .
-s_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfno –;+of]hs
-v_ k|d'v, /fli6«o k|fs[lts tyf s[lqd hnfzo dT:o ljsf; sfo{qmd –;b:o
-u_ k|ltlgwL, s[lif ljefu, of]hgf tyf hgzlQm zfvf –;b:o
-3_ k|ltlgwL, s[lif laefu, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg zfvf –;b:o
-ª_ al/i7 dT:o ljsf; clws[t, dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfno –;b:o ;lrj

kl/R5]b–$
o'jf nlIft Rofp tyf df}/L ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng lalw
(_ o'jf nlIft Rofp tyf df}/L ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|lqmof M o'jf nlIft Rofp tyf df}/L
ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|lqmof b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf] cu'jfO{df If]qLo s[lif lgb]{zgfnox?sf] l;kmf/L;df
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox? dfkm{t of]hgf 5gf}6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g]5 .
-v_ Rofpsf] xsdf Rofp v]tL ;DaGwL tfnLd, tfhf Rofp pTkfbg, Rofp k|zf]wg tyf
Rofpsf] ljp pTkfbg ;DaGwL s'g} klg If]qdf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 eg] df}/Lsf]
xsdf df}/Lkfng ;DaGwL tflnd, dx pTkfbg, df}/L >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;~rfng, tyf
dx k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0f dWo] s'g} klg If]qdf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-u_ Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] /fli6«o klqsfdf lglZrt ;do l;df /flv cg';"rL
! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;"rgf cfXjfg ug]{ 5 .
-3_ ;'rgfsf] cfwf/df OR5's o'jfx?n] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf
cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf] sfo{of]hgf ;lxt cg';"rL @ jdf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg btf{
u/fpg' kg]{5 . :sLdnfO{ oyfy{k/s kfg{ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] ;xof]u ug'{
kb{5 .
-ª_ ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] cg';"rL ^ adf]lhdsf ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df
k|:tfjx?sf] d"NofÍg tyf 5gf}6 ul/ l;kmf/L; ;lxt Joj;flos sL6 ljsf;
lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-r_ Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] l;kmf/L; e} cfPsf k|:tfjx?nfO{ bkmf !)
adf]lhd ul7t sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldtLdf k]z ug]{5 / ;f]xL ;ldtLaf6 k|:tfjx?sf]
clGtd 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .

205
 -5_ 5gf}6 ePsf k|:tfjx? ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf k7fOg]5 / lhNnf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{non] o'jf s[ifsx?;+u cg';"rL $ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf u/fO{ ;Demf}tfsf] !
k|lt Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-h_ 5gf}6 ePsf k|:tfjx? Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; lgb]{zgfno, df}/L ljsf; zfvf, df}/L
kfng sfof{nox?af6 :jLs[t ePsf] nIo cg';f/ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox?;Fusf]
;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;~rfng ul/g] 5 .
-em_ e'QmfgL k|s[of M ;DalGwt o'jfsf] k|:tfj / lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] l;kmf/L;df
Aoj;flos ls6 lasf; lgb]{zgfnon] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd sDtLdf klg b'O{ ls:tf ul/
;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] 5 . klxnf] ls:tf k]ZsL
afkt s'n ah]6sf] krf; k|ltzt /sd / af+sL bf]>f] ls:tf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg /
ljn ekfO{ ;+nUg u/L lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t l;kmf/L; e} cfP kl5
;Demf}tf cg';f/ e'QmfgL ul/g]5 .
;DaGwLt
qm= lgb]{zgfno÷sfof{nosf]
ljj/0f s[ifs÷;d'x÷;+:yfsf] s}lkmot
;+ bfloTj
bfloTj
o'jf nlIft Rofp tyf df}/L
klxnf] aif{ ! k6s () klxnf]aif{ sDtLdf
kfng ;DaGwL cfjZos
! k|ltzt dfq al9df ?= !) k|ltzt af+sL
;fdfu|L Pj+ cf}hf/ pks/0f
$),))) ga9\g] u/L . ;Dk"0f{ vr{x?
ljt/0f
@ l;kd'ns tfnLd k|bfg !)) k|ltzt
# cg'udg lg/LIf0f k|lt cfof]hgf ?= #))).–

!)_ o'jf nlIft Rofp tyf df}/L ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldlt M k|:tfj d"Nofsg tyf 5gf}6
sfo{sfnflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . cfjZostf
cg';f/ k|fljlws pk ;ldtL u7g ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

-s_ sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; lgb]{zgfno –;+of]hs

-v_ clws[t k|ltlglw, df}/L lasf; zfvf, uf]bfj/L –;b:o
-u_ k|ltlgwL s[lif ljefu, of]hgf tyf hgzlQm zfvf –;b:o
-3_ k|ltlgwL, s[lif laefu, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg zfvf –;b:o
-ª_ Joj;flos sL6 lj1 -of]hgf ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ _ –;b:o ;lrj

206
 kl/R5]b–%
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;~rfng lalw M
!!_ o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of M o'jf nlIft Joj;flos
a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] lhNnfx? M k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ul/g]
v_ sfo{qmd ;+rfng cjlw M jflif{s -! kmfd{df ! k6s dfq al9df # jif{_
u_ nlIft ju{ M u|fld0f o'jf, /f]8 sf]l/8f]/ nlIft / j}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kmls{Psf o'jfx?nfO{
dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf !* b]lv %) jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf Joj;foLx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf
;+nUg u/fOg] 5 . ;fy} ;j} ;fdflhs ;d'xsf s[ifsx?nfO{ k|fyldstf cg';f/ ;dfa]z
u/fO{g] 5 .
3_ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ Joj;flos a+u'/kfngsf] juL{s/0f M o; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{
Joj;foLx?nfO{ tn pNn]lvt # ju{df ljefhg ul/g] 5 M—
-!_ ;fgf a+u'/kfng kmfd{ M o; sfo{qmdsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu vf]/ lgdf{0f sfo{ k'/f u/L
a+u'/kfng z'? ug{ tof/L ca:yfdf /x]sf] jf kf7fkf7L pTkfbg –Breeding_ sf
nflu eP @–% j6f dfp / df;'-Fattening _ sf] nflu eP *–!) a+u'/ kfng ug'{
kg{]5 .
-@_ demf}nf :t/sf j+u'/kfng kmfd{x? M k|To]s s[ifs ;b:o;Fu cf};tdf !% j6f
k|hgg\ of]Uo dfp a+u'/ ePsf] jf ;f] ;+Vofdf Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] ;d"x÷;ldlt÷
;xsf/L ÷lghL Aoa;foLx?nfO{ demf}nf :t/sf Aoa;foLs kmfd{x? dflgg] 5 .
-#_ 7'nf Joj;flos j+u'/kfng kmfd{x? M k|To]s ;b:o;Fu slDtdf !% j6f k|hgg\ of]Uo
dfp a+u'/ eGbf al9 ;+Vofdf Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] s[ifs÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf
kmfd{x?nfO{ Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng kmfd{ dflgg] 5 .

ª_ sfo{qmdaf6 pknAw u/fOg] /sd

-!_ Joj;fo pGd'v -;fgf_ a+u'/kfng kmfd{ :yfkgf jf ;'b[l9s/0f ug{ aflif{s al9df %)
xhf/ jf # jif{ leq al9df !%) xhf/ .
-@_ lghL÷;d'x÷;ldltdf cw{Joj;flos -demf}nf :t/sf_ j+u'/kfng kmfd{x? ;~rfng /
;'b[l9s/0fsf nflu aflif{s al9df &% xhf/ jf # jif{ ;Dddf al9df ?=@%) xhf/ .
-#_ lghL÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf Joj;flos -7'nf_ j+u'/kfng kmfd{x? ;~rfng /
;[b[l9s/0fsf nflu aflif{s al9df M ? !!% xhf/ jf # jif{ ;Dddf al9df ? #%)
xhf/ .
r_ /sdsf] pkof]u
!_ o; sfo{qmdaf6 pknAw u/fO{g] /sdn] ;fgf a+u'/kfng kmfd{n] a+u'/sf] k|hgg of]Uo
pd]/sf efn] Ps / k|hgg of]Uo pd]/sf kf]yL kfFrj6f vl/b ug'{ kg]{ 5 . of]
/sdaf6 a+u'/sf] efn] vf]/ lgdf{0f ;'wf/ tyf vr{ eP/ ghfg] pks/0f ;fdfu|L
cflbdf vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5 .

207
 @_ o; sfo{qmdaf6 pknAw x'g] /sdaf6 demf}nf a+u'/kfng kmfd{n] a+u'/sf] k|hgg
of]Uo pd]/sf efn] b'O{ / k|hgg of]Uo pd]/sf kf]yL bzj6f vl/b ug'{ kg]{ 5 . of]
/sdaf6 a+u'/sf] ef]n] vf]/ lgdf{0f ;'wf/ tyf vr{ eP/ ghfg] pks/0f ;fdfu|L
cflbdf vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5 .
#_ o; sfo{qmdaf6 pknAw x'g] /sdaf6 Joj;flos a+u'/kfng kmfd{n] a+u'/sf] k|hgg
of]Uo pd]/sf efn] kfFrj6f vl/b ug'{ kg]{ 5 . of] /sdaf6 a+u'/sf] vf]/ dd{t ;Def/
bfgf pTkfbg ug]{ u|]08/ ldSr/ / afof] Uof; afx]s cf}iflw, vlgh kbfy{ nufotsf
vkt x'g] ;fdfu|L vl/b ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
5_ k|:tfj cfXjfgM k|To]s jif{ lghL kmfd{÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L Joj;flos a+u'/
kmfd{x?af6 cg';"rL & cg';f/ k|:tfj cfXjfg ul/g] 5 . OR5's o'jfx?n] lgj]bgsf]
;fydf cg';"rL ( jdf]lhdsf] sfo{of]hgf ;lxt cg';"rL * jdf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt
lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{nodf tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlwleq cfj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
h_ k|:tfj d'Nof+sg M lgj]bg k/]sf k|:tfjx? ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no dfkm{t
k|fyldlss/0f ul/ s]Gb|Lo a+u'/ s'v'/f k|j4{g sfof{nodf k7fpg] 5 . s]Gb|Lo a+u'/ s'v'/f
k|j4{g sfof{non] /fo ;lxt kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnoåf/f ul7t d"Nof+sg ;ldltdf k]z
ug]{ 5 . pQm ;ldltn] k|fyldstf tyf /fosf] cfwf/df k'g/fanf]sg ul/ 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
k|:tfj d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x? cg';"lr !@ adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
em_ 5gf}6 ePsf Joj;foLx?;Fu ;Demf}tf M
s]Gb|Lo a+u'/ s'v'/f k|j4{g sfof{no ÷lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non] 5gf}6 ul/Psf
k|:tfjsnfO{ cg';"rL !) cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/fO{ sfo{ ug{ nufpg] 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf
kmd{÷;+3÷;+:yfn] cg';"rL !! adf]lhd k|ult ljj/0f ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .
`_ 5gf}6 ePsf Joj;foLnfO{ /sd pknAw u/fpg] tl/sf
bkmf !! -em_ cg';f/ 5gf}6 ePsf Joj;foLnfO{ bkmf !! -ª_ cg';f/sf] /sd Ps}k6s
pknAw u/fOg] 5 . t/ kl/of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] l;kmfl/; ;DjlGwt
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nojf6 k|fKt eP kl5 kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] vftfdf cg'bfg
/sd pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
6_ ;fem]bf/L
5gf}6 ePsf ;fgf a+u'/kfng kmfd{, demf}nf a+u'/kfng kmfd{ tyf 7'nf a+u'/kfng
kmfd{x?n] dfly pNn]lvt sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ubf{ ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] slDtdf @%Ü /sd
a/fa/sf] ;fem]bf/L ug'{ kg]{5 . pQmfg';f/sf] /sd a}+sdf df}h'bf /x]sf] k|df0f k|fKt eP
kl5 dfq ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] /sd e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 .

208
 kl/R5]b– ^
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos afv|f k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng lalw M
!@_ o'jf nlIft Joj;flos afv|f k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of M o'jf nlIft Joj;flos afv|f
k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] lhNnfx? M s]Gb|Lo e]8f afv|f k|j4{g sfof{nojf6 ;+rfng ul/g]
sfo{s|dsf] nflu kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnojf6 lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{nox?n] o; sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sfo{s|d :jLs[t tyf ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
v_ sfo{qmd ;+rfng cjlwM o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t 5gf}6 ePsf lghL kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/
;xsf/Lx?nfO{ Ps k6ssf nflu cg'bfg ;xof]u pknJw u/fO{g] 5 . To;kl5 ;DalGwt
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?n] cfkm\gf] lgoldt sfo{s|d cGtu{t Joj;flos afv|f
kmd{x?sf nflu k|fljlws ;]jf 6]jfsf sfo{s|d ;dfj]z u/L ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
u_ nlIft ju{M ;s[o dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf !* b]lv %) jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf
afv|fkfngdf ;+nUg jf of] Joj;fo z'? ug{ rfxg] lghL kmfd{÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf
cfj4 s[ifsx? x'g] 5g\ .
3_ Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{sf] juL{s/0f M o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{x?nfO{
lgDgfg';f/ jlu{s/0f ul/g] 5 M
-!_ lghL Joj;flos afv|fkfng kmfd{ M o; sfo{qmdsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Go"gtd\ %)
j6f k|hgg\ of]Uo dfp afv|fkfng ul//x]sf jf ;f] ;+Vofdf afv|fkfng u/L Joj;fo
z'? ug]{ kmfd{x?nfO{ lghL Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{ dflgg] 5 .
-@_ ;d'x jf ;ldltdf ;+rfng x'g] Joj;flos afv|fkfng kmfd{x? M k|To]s s[ifs
;b:o;Fu cf};tdf !) j6f k|hgg\ of]Uo dfp afv|f ePsf] jf ;f] ;+Vofdf
afv|fkfng u/L Joj;fo z'? ug]{ ;d"x÷;ldlt cGtu{tsf kmfd{x?nfO{ Joj;flos
dflgg] 5 .
-#_ ;xsf/Ldf ;+rfng x'g] Joj;flos afv|f kfng kmfd{x?M slDtdf @% hgf ;b:o
/x]sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf k|To]s ;b:o;Fu cf};t !) k|hgg\ of]Uo dfp afv|f ePsf]
jf ;f] ;+Vofdf afv|fkfng u/L Joj;fo z'? ug]{ ;xsf/L kmfd{x?nfO{ Joj;flos
dflgg] 5 .
ª_ sfo{qmdaf6 pknAw u/fOg] c'gbfg /sd -al9df_
-!_ lghL Joj;flos kmfd{ :yfkgf jf ;'b[l9s/0f M ?= %) xhf/
-@_ ;d'x÷;ldltdf Joj;flos afv|fkfng kmfd{x? :yfkgf jf ;'b[l9s/0f M ?= ! nfv
%) xhf/
-#_ ;xsf/Ldf Joj;flos afv|fkfng kmfd{x? :yfkgf jf ;[b[l9s/0fsf nflu M ?= @ nfv
gf]6 M k|:tfjsn] slDtdf cg'bfg /sd j/fj/sf]] nufgL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

209
r_ cg'bfg /sdsf] pkof]u M o; sfo{qmdaf6 pknAw x'g] /sdaf6 Joj;foLn] afv|fsf] vf]/
lgdf{0f, ;'wf/, h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] nflu km]lG;ª, l8lkª 6\ofs+ lgdf{0f, 3fF; ljsf; tyf g;{/L
:yfkgf, k|hgg\ af]sf vl/b, s[lqd uef{wfg Joj:yfkg jf cfjZos pks/0f vl/b tyf
9'jfgLdf pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . of] /sdaf6 afv|fsf] bfgf, cf}iflw, vlgh kbfy{
nufotsf vkt x'g] ;fdu|Lx? vl/b ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
5_ k|:tfj cfJxfgM kmfd{÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf cfj4 s[ifsx?jf6 ;xsfo{df Joj;flos
afv|f kmfd{:yfkgf jf ;'b[l9s/0fsf nflu k|:tfj cfJxfg ul/g] 5 . k|:tfj cfJxfgsf]
;"rgf cg';"rL !# adf]lhd / cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg kq tyf
;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf k|:tfj qmdzM cg';"rL !$ / !% adf]lhd x'g] 5 .
h_ k|:tfj d'Nof+sg M bkmf !@ -5_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf k|:tfjx?nfO{ s]Gb|Lo
sfof{nojf6 ;+rfng x'g] sfo{s|dsf] xsdf ;DalGwt lh=k=;]=sf=n] pko'Qmtf tyf
;+efJotfsf] cfwf/df k|fyldlss/0f ul/ k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg eO{ k|:tfj
k]z ug]{ clGtd ldltsf] !% lbg leq s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .
o;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfjx? pk/ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noåf/f ul7t d'Nof+sg ;ldltsf]
d'Nof+sg k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 . lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?sf] :jLs[t
sfo{s|dsf] xsdf lh=k=;]=sf=åf/f ul7t d'Nof+sg ;ldltsf] d'Nof+sg k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df
5gf}6 ul/g] 5 . cg';"rL !* jdf]lhd k]z ePsf k|:tfjx?sf] d"Nof+sg ul/g] 5 . k|:tfj
d'Nof+sgsf cfwf/x? b]xfo cg';f/ x'g] 5g\ M
-s_ k]z u/]sf] sfo{ of]hgf #)
-v_ afv|fkfngsf] nflu k|:tfljt 7fpFsf] ;+EffJotf @%
-u_ k|:tfjsn] ;DalGwt ljifodf k|fKt u/]sf] tflnd, cg'ej jf z}lIfs of]Uotf !)
-3_ k|:tfjsn] kfln/x]sf] jf Joj;fo z'? ug]{ afv|fsf] ;+Vof !)
-ª _ k|:tfjsn] 3fF; ljsf; u/]sf] jf ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] hUufsf] If]qkmn @)
-r _ a}b]lzs /f]huf/ jf6 kms]{sf]] eP ;f] ljj/0f v'Ng] sfuhft %

em_ 5gf}6 ePsf Joj;foLx?;Fu ;Demf}tf M s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no ÷lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{noåf/f 5gf}6 ul/Psf k|:tfjx?nfO{ cg';"rL !^ adf]lhdsf] l4klIfo ;Demf}tf
u/fOg] 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf kmd{÷;+3÷;+:yfn] cg';"rL !& adf]lhd k|ult ljj/0f ;DalGwt
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .
`_ 5gf}6 ePsf Joj;foLnfO{ /sd pknAw u/fpg] tl/sf
bkmf !@ -em_ cg';f/ 5gf}6 ePsf Joj;foLs afv|f kmfd{x?nfO{ bkmf !@ -ª_ adf]lhdsf]]
/sd @ a/fa/ ls:tfdf pknAw u/fOg] 5 . klxnf] ls:tf sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] %)
k|ltzt sfo{ ;DkGg eP kl5 / bf];|f] ls:tf :ynut k|fljlws cg'udg kZrft sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] l;kmfl/z ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf6 k|fKt eP kl5
kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] vftfdf cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

210
 kl/R5]b– &
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg -8]/L_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lalw M
!#_ o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg -8]/L_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of M o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz'
pTkfbg -8]/L_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ sfo{qmdsf] cjlw M sfo{qmdsf] cjlw a9Ldf % jif{;Ddsf] x'g]5 .
v_ sfo{qmdsf nflu lhNnf 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? M Joj;flos ufO{e}+;Lkfngsf nfuL ;+efJo
ePsf t/fO{ tyf dWo kxf8sf lhNnfx? dWo] If]lqo ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df kfFr} ljsf;
If]qsf t'ngfTds ?kdf j9L j]/f]huf/÷cw{j]/f]huf/ / j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf jf
ljb]zaf6 kms]{sf lhNnfx?nfO{ ;+efJotfsf] cfwf/df kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon]
lhNnfx?sf] k|fyldlss/0f ;lxt 5gf}6 ug]{ 5 . kmfd{x? lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf
;DalGwt cGo lgsfodf clgjfo{ ?kdf btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
u_ 8]/Lkmfd{sf] alu{s/0f
8]/Lkmfd{nfO{ # ju{df ljefhg ul/g] 5 .
!_ gofF tyf ;fgf 8]/L kmfd{ :yfkgf M o; sfo{qmdsf] nfuL %–!) j6f pGgt b'wfn'
ufO{kfng jf e}+;Lsf] xsdf Go"gtd $ j6f pGgt b'wfn' e}+;Lkfng u/L Joj;fo z'?
ug]{ gofF 8]/L kmfd{nfO{ dflgg] 5 .
@_ :yflkt ePsf demf}nf:t/sf 8]/L kmfd{ M !! b]lv %) j6f;Dd pGgt b'wfn' ufO{ jf
% b]lv !) j6f;Dd pGgt b'wfn' e}+;Lkfng u/L Joj;fo z'? ul/;s]sf] kmfd{nfO{
dflgg] 5 .
#_ :yflkt 7'nf 8]/L kmfd{ M pGgt b'wfn' ufO{ %) eGbf dfyL / pGgt b'wfn' e}+;L !)
eGbf dfyL kfng ul/ Joj;fo z'? u/]sf kmfd{x?nfO{ dflgg] 5 .
3_ sfo{qmdsf nflu pknAw u/fO{g] ;xof]u
-!_ gofF 8]/L kmfd{ :yfkgf u/L ;+rfng ug{ pGgt ufO{ e};L v/Lb u/L ljdf u/LPsf
k|lt pGgt ufO{÷e}+;Lsf] nflu j9Ldf ?= !),)))÷– -bz xhf/_ sf b/n] a9Ldf ?=
!,)),)))÷– -Ps nfv_ ;Dd gub cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
-@_ ljut jif{x?df :yfkgf e} lgoldt ?kdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf demf}nf :t/ 8]/L kmfd{
;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nfuL tklzndf pNn]lvt ls|ofsnfkx? sfof{Gjog ug{ k|lt kmfd{
j9Ldf ?= @)))))÷– -b'O{ nfv_ ;Dd cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .
s[ofsnfkx?
kmd{ ;'b[9Ls/0f;+u ;DalGwt sfo{x?M
 uf]7 lgdf0f{ ;'wf/ tyf kmfd{ ;'/Iff -jf/ aGb]h_, h}ljs ;'/Iff, cfbL .
 kz' k|hgg\, cfxf/f tyf cGo Joj:yfksLo sfo{ - s[=u= pks/0f, u|fOG8/,
Rofkms6/, sfpDof6, ldNs Sofg, al8{hf] Sof:6«]6/,JxLn Aof/f]_ cfbL .
-#_ pGgt ufO{ %) eGbf dfyL / e}+;L !) eGbf dfyL kfng ul/ Joj;fo z'? u/]sf
:yflkt 7'nf 8]/L kmfd{{x?nfO{ ofGqLs/0fsf] nflu tklzndf pNn]lvt ls|ofsnfkx?
sfof{Gjog ug{ k|lt kmfd{ j9Ldf ?= $)))))÷ -rf/nfv_ gub} cg'bfg pknAw
u/fO{g] 5 .

211
 kmfd{ oflGqs/0f ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfksf nflu cfj:os d]l;g/L cf}hf/x? M ldlNsË
d]lzg/ldlNsË kfn{/÷km8//kmf]/]h Ans d]lzg÷o"=Pd=Pd=la d]lzg÷ljB'tLo
lkm8/÷jf6//÷ldNs Sofg÷;fO{nf] lk6÷l8k j]n, l8k af]l/Ë÷kfZr'/fO{h/÷ldNs
PgfnfO{h/÷lk|mh/÷lrlnË Eof6 cfbL .

ª_ k|:tfj cfJxfg M o"jf s[ifs jf ;fem]bf/Ldf pGgt ufO{ e}+;L kmfd{x? gofF :yfkgf jf
demf}nf:t/ kmfd{ ;'b[9Ls/0f jf 7'nf Joj;flos kmfd{df oflGqs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o b}lgs
klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L lhNnf:t/df kz] ug]{ u/L k|:tfj cfJxfg u/Lg] 5 . k|:tfj
cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf cg';"rL !( jdf]lhd / cfj]bg Pj+ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ sfuhftx?
cg';"rL @) jdf]lhd / sfo{of]hgf cg';"rL @! jdf]lhd x'g' kg]{5 .
r_ k|:tfj d"Nof+sg M k|:tfj cfJxfg jdf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf k|:tfjx?sf] ;DalGwt lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?n] :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L k|fyldstf ;"rL l;kmfl/; ;lxt kz'
pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
5_ l;kmfl/;;fy k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfjx?sf kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnoåf/f u7Lt d"Nof+sg
;ldltn] cg';"rL @$ jdf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf d"Nof+sg u/L 5gf}6 ug]{5 .
h_ d"Nof+sg ;ldltåf/f 5gf}6 u/LPsf k|:tfjx?nfO{ cg';"rL @@ jdf]lhd ;Demf}tf u/L
cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . cg'bfg k|fKt u/L Joj;fo ;+rfng u/]sf o'jfx?n]
cg';"rL @# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|utL ljj/0f ;DalGwt lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{nodf k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
em_ d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x? M
!_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt l;kmf/L; qmd cg';f/sf k|:tfjx?
@_ Joj;flos pGgt ufO{ e}+;L]kfngsf nflu ;+efJotf -:yfg, ahf/ tyf cGo k'jf{wf/_
#_ k|:tfjsn] ;DalGwt ljifodf k|fKt u/]sf] tflnd jf cg'ej
$_ k|:tfjsn] kfnL /x]sf] jf gofF Joj;fo z'? ug]{ pGgt ufO{ e}+;Lsf] ;+Vof
%_ k|:tfjn] 3fF; ljsf; u/]sf] jf ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] hUufsf] If]qkmn
^_ j]/f]huf/÷cw{j]/f]huf/ jf j}b]lzs /f]huf/ jf6 kms]{sf] eP k|dfl0ft sfuhftx?
&_ kmfd{af6 kg{ ;Sg] kof{j/0fLo c;/sf] Go"lgs/0f ug]{ pkfox? / h}ljs ;'/Iffsf
ljlwx?sf] cjnDag

212
 kl/R5]b–*
ljljw
!!_ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg Joj:yf M s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, ;DalGwt s[lif ljefu tyf kz';]jf
ljefu, ;DalGwt If]qLo s[lif lgb]{zgfnox? / If]qLo kz';]jf lgb]{zgfnox?, ;DalGwt
/fli6«o sfo{qmdx?af6 cfjZotf cg';f/ Pj+ ;DalGwt lgb]{zgfno / lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{no / lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{nox?af6 lgoldt cg'udg ul/g] 5

!@_ sfjf{xLsf] Joj:yf M k|:tfj :jLs[t ePsf o'jf s[ifs÷Joj;foLx?n] l:sd / ;Demf}tf cg';f/
sfo{qmd ;DkGg gu/L k|fKt cg'bfgnfO{ b'?kof]u u/]sf] kfOPdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt P]g
lgod tyf sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL u/L ;/sf/L /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] 5 .

!#_ k|rlnt sfg"g nfu" x'g] M o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf
pNn]v ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd tyf pNn]v gePsf] sfo{qmdsf] xsdf o;} sfo{lalw adf]lhd
sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .

!$_ sfo{lalw ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{g M s[lif lasf; dGqfnon] o; sfo{lalwdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g
Pj+ ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

213
 cg';"rL – !

t/sf/L v]tL÷dT:o kfng ÷Rofp ÷df}/L ;DalGw o'jf nlIft sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj cfJxfgsf]
;"rgfsf] 9fFrf
;"rgf . ;"rgf .. ;"rgf ...

o; sfof{nosf] cf=j= @)=====÷==== sf] jflif{s :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ o"jfx?nfO{ t/sf/L
v]tL÷dT:o kfng ÷Rofp÷df}/L ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] dfWodjf6 :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{qmd
/x]sf] x'Fbf O{R5's !* b]vL %) jif{ pd]/df cw{ j]/f]huf/÷j]/f]huf/ o"jf÷o"jtLx?jf6 b/vf:t
cfJxfgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !%
lbg leq ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/fddf
b/vf:t lbg' xf]nf . k"gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tklzn cg';f/sf sfuhftx? ;+nUg /fVg ;d]t o;}
;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
tklzn

!= cg';"rL @ cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd .

@= cg';"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{ of]hgf .
#= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk .
$= cGo k|dfl0ft k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf cfbL_ sf] k|ltlnlkx? .

214
 cg';"rL – @
t/sf/L v]tL÷dT:o kfng÷Rofp÷df}/L ;DalGw sfo{qmddf cfg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu
lbO{g] cfj]bg–kq
>Ldfg\ al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t Ho",
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no,
=============================== .
ljifo M o"jf nlIft cg'bfg ;xof]u sfo{qmd pknAw u/fO{ lbg] jf/] .
dxf]bo,
dnfO{ pQm cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt u/L ========== ======= ======= sfo{ ug{ lta| O{R5f ePsf]n]
tkl;n jdf]lhddf sfuhfg ;+nUg /flv lgj]bg ub{5' . d}n] cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt u/]df lgwf{l/t
k|s[of cg';f/ ;DalGwt lhNnf leq} /xL sfo{ ug]{5' .
tklzn
!= cg";"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
@= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
#= kmd{/;d"x/;ldlt/;xsf/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk jf AolQmut s[ifs
$= cGo k|df0fLt k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf_ cflbsf k|ltlnkLx?_
%= a}b]lzs /f]huf/jf6 kms]{sfsf] xsdf kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk
^= ;d"x/;ldlt/;xsfl/sf ;b:ox?sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / kl/of]hgf 5gf}6 ePdf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tf
lgj]bssf]
gfd M
b:tvt M
7]ufgf M

;+3÷;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/;
o; ========================================= ;+3÷;+:yf÷;xsf/L sf] ldlt ==================== sf]
lg0fo{ cg';f/ lgj]bgstf{nfO{ ================================ sfo{sf] nflu o; ================== sf]
hdfgtdf dfu u/] adf]lhdsf] ?= =========================== cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ lbg x'g
l;kmfl/; ;fy cg'/f]w 5 .
l;kmfl/; ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf]
gfd M
kb M
b:tvt / ldlt M
;+3÷;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M
;Dks{ g+= M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

215
 cg';"rL – #
t/sf/L v]tL÷dT:o kfng÷Rofp÷df}/L ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ffsf] ;+lIfKt sfo{ of]hgf

pBdL o"jf÷o"jtLsf] gfd y/ M

7]ufgf M =================== ufpF÷6f]n M ==================== jf8{ g+= M ======= uf=lj=;= M =================
lhNnf M ===================
;+rfng ug{ vf]h]sf] ============ ;DalGw Joj;fo / :yfg M
;xof]u :j?k dfu u/]sf] cg'bfg /sd÷nufgL M
cfkm\gf] nuflg M
cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/s >d M
Joj;fojf6 pTkfbg x'g] j:t' M
pTkflbt s[lif a:t'sf] kl/df0f M
ahf/of]Uo kl/df0f M
Joj;fon] jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kf5{÷kfb}{g <
kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgf M ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
Joj;fo ;+rfng ul/g] :yfg M
;+rfng ul/g] sfo{ ljj/0fM
s|=;+= ;+rfng ul/g] ls|ofsnfk cg'bfg ;xof]u gLlh nuflg hDdf nuflg

Aoj;fo u/]sf] eP, ljut slt jif{ b]lv ========= lg/Gt/ ul/ /x]sf]? jif{=========dlxgf=======
Joj;fosf] nflu >dsf] Joj:yfkg M s_ kfl/jf/Ls v_ jflx/af6 u_ b'j}

tkm{ jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]

gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM -;+:yfsf] xsdf_
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

216
 cg';"rL – $
t/sf/L v]tL÷dT:o kfng ÷Rofp ÷ df}/L ;DalGw sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ul/g] ;Demf}tf–kq

s[lif ljefu, t/sf/L ljsf; lgb]{zgfno÷dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfno÷Jofa;flos ls6 ljsf;

lgb]{zgfno åf/f lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ======== dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/g] rfn' cf=j= ==============
sf] :jLs[t o"jf :j/f]huf/ k|j{4{g =========================== sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{no, -o; eGbf k5fl8 klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / 5gf}6 ePsf o"jf s[ifs >L÷;'>L÷>LdtL
==================================================== -o; eGbf k5f8L bf]>f] kIf elgg]_ ljr tklznsf
zt{gfdfx? u/L u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ ;Demf}tf÷;xdlt ePsf] 5 .

!= klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ k|:tfljt /sd @
ls:tfdf÷sfo{lalw cg';f/ ;fdfu|L jf ;f]em} gub÷8f«km\6÷r]s cg'bfg :j?k t]>f] kIfsf]
/f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg] 5 .
@= bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfjf6 cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u k|fKt u/L cfkm"n] cfj]bg u/] cg';f/sf]
=========================== Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{5 .
#= klxnf] kIfn] lgoldt ?kdf Joj;fo ;+rfng u/] gu/]sf] cg'udg ug]{5 .
$= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt sfd ubf{ kl/ cfpg ;Sg] s'g} klg k|fs[lts k|sf]k÷eljtJosf] k"0f{
lhDd]jf/L bf]>f] kIf :jo+ cfkm+} x'g]5 .
%= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP eGbf cGo Joxf]/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt lgod sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

klxnf] kIf bf]>f] kIf

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] tkm{jf6 o"jf pBdL jf ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6
;lx ug]{sf] ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M gfd M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M ;+:yfsf] 5fk -;+:yfsf] xsdf_ M
;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M

cf}7fsf] 5fk M
bf= jfF=

;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M

217
 cg';"rL – %
t/sf/L v]tL÷dT:o kfng ÷Rofp ÷ df}/L ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fdsf]
9fFrf

!= pBdL s[ifssf] @= ;+rflnt Joj;fosf]

gfd M gfd M

7]ufgf M 7]ufgf M

#= cf=j= $= k|ult k|ltj]bg cjwL M rf}dfl;s÷jflif{s

qm=;+= sfo{ ljj/0f O{sfO{ nIo Kf|ult cfO{ k/]sf ;dfwfgsf] nflu
jfwf ;'emfjx?
c8\rgx?

k|lt O{sfO{ pTkflbt kbfy{sf] :yflgo jhf/sf] ljlqm d"No M

!= ======= @= ======= #= ====

o"jf pBdLsf] gfd M b:tvt M ldlt M

7]ufgf M

218
 cg';"rL – ^
t/sf/L v]tL÷dT:o kfng ÷Rofp ÷df}/L ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj d"Nof+sg kmf/fd
d"NofÍg -!)) k"0f{Ídf ug]{_
pQm
pBdLsf]
cfj]bssf] :yfgdf
qm=;+= b=g+= 7]ufgf Joj;fo k]z u/]sf] Jff:tljs s'n
gfd Joj;fosf]
k|ltsf] sfo{of]hgf nlIft k|fKtfÍ
;DefJotf
cg'ej÷tflnd -$)_ ju{ -!%_ -!))_
pko"Qmf
-#)_
-!%_

d'Nof+sg ug]{ kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfd, y/, kb, b:tvt / ldlt M

!=

@=

#=

219
 cg';'rL &
o'jfnlIft :sLd ;+rfngsf] nflu k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf
o; sfof{nosf] cf=j= @)=====÷====== sf] jflif{s l:js[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ s]xL u|fld0f
o'jfx?nfO{ a+u'/ kfngsf] dfWodaf6 :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{qmd ePsf] x'+bf
==========================lhNnfdf j;f]jf; u/]sf O{R5's !* b]lv %) jif{ pd]/sf cw{
a]/f]huf/÷a]/f]huf/ o'jf o'jtLaf6 b/vf:t cfJxfgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
O{R5's dxfg'efjn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq tf]lsPsf] 9f+rf
cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d / kl/of]hgf k|:tfj ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf lbg'xf]nf .
lj:t[t hfgsfl/sf nflu ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg' xf]nf .
cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? ;+nUg /fVg ;d]t o;} ;"rgfåf/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .
tkl;n
!= cg";"rL @ cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d
@= cg";"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
#= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
$= cGo k|dfl0ft k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf_ cflbsf k|ltlnkLx?
%= a}b]lzs /f]huf/jf6 kms]{sfsf] xsdf kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk
^= kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/L btf{sf] k|ltlnlk

&= ;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] xsdf ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / kl/of]hgf
5gf}6 ePdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk .

220
 cg';'rL *
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg kqsf] gd"gf
>Ldfg k|d'v Ho",
s]lGb|o a+u'/ s'v'/f k|j4{g sfof{no÷lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
======================
ljifo M o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ lbg] af/] .
dxf]bo,
To; sfof{nosf] ldlt ==============================sf] ==============================klqsfdf k|sflzt
;"rgf cg';f/ ================================================================== kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf]
tkm{jf6 cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ul/ Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{ ug{ lta| O{R5f ePsf]n] tkl;n
cg'';f/sf sfuhft /fvL of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' . ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf lgwf{l/t k|lqmof cg';f/
;DalGwt lhNnf leq} /xL sfo{ ug]{5' .
k'gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? o;} lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg /fv]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t
cg'/f]w ub{5' .

tkl;n
!= cg";"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
@= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
#= kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
$= cGo k|dfl0ft k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf_ cflbsf k|ltlnkLx?
%= a}b]lzs /f]huf/jf6 kms]{sfsf] xsdf kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk
^= ;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf ;b:ox?sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / kl/of]hgf 5gf}6 ePdf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
lgj]bs
b:tvt
gfdM
kbM
7]ufgfM

;+:yfsf] 5fkM
ldltM

221
 cg';"rL (
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
a+u'/kfng ul/g] :yfg M
;xsfo{df ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{ ljj/0fM

s|=;+= ;+rfng ul/g] ls|ofsnfk cg'bfg ;xof]u lglh nufgL hDdf nufgL

;xsfo{df a+u'/kfng ug]{ Joj;foL/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Ln] Go"gtd cg'bfg /sd j/fj/sf] /sd

k|:tfljt of]hgfdf ;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
a+u'/kfng u/]sf] eP ljut slt jif{ b]lv a+u'/kfng lg/Gt/ ul/ /x]sf]? jif{=========dlxgf=======
a+u'/sf hftx?M
a+u'/sf] ;+VofM dfpsf] ;+VofM kf7fkf7Lsf] ;+VofM k|hgg efn]sf] ;+VofM
cGo a+u'/sf] ;+VofM
a+u'/kfng ;'? ug]{ eP kfng ul/g] hftM
a+u'/sf] ;+VofM k|hgg efn]sf] ;+VofM df;'sf] nflu kfng ug]{ ePdf ;+VofM
vf]/sf] ca:yf s_ k/Dk/fut v_;'wfl/Psf] u_ cfw'lgs
Joj;fosf] nflu >dsf] Joj:yfkg M s_ kfl/jfl/s v_ jflx/jf6 u_ b'j}
pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ M
ck]lIft jflif{s k|ltkmn M
kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M
ldlt M

222
 cg';"rL !)
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ul/g] ;Def}tf kq
s]lGb|o a+u'/ s'v'/f k|j4{g sfof{no/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ================== jf6 ;+rfng
ul/g] rfn' cf=j= =============== sf] :jLs[t o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{
s]lGb|o a+u'/ s'v'/f k|j4{g sfof{no/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ===== ============== -o; eGbf k5f8L
klxnf] kIf elgg]_ / 5gf}6 ePsf kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/L =================================== -o; eGbf
k5f8L bf]>f] kIf elgg]_ ljr tkl;nsf zt{gfdfx?sf] clwgdf /lx sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ låkIfLo
;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
tkl;n
!= klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ Ps}k6s cg'bfg /sd
pknAw u/fpg] 5 . t/ kl/of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] l;kmfl/; ;DjlGwt lhNnf
kz' ;]jf sfof{nojf6 k|fKt eP kl5 kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] vftfdf cg'bfg /sd
pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
@= klxnf] kIfaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]unfO{ bf]>f] kIfn] slDtdf klg # jif{;Dd df:g jf b'?kof]u
ug{ kfpg] 5}g / To;f] u/]sf] kfO{Pdf lghaf6 ;f] /sd c;'n pk/sf] nflu k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd cfjZos sf/jfxL ul/g]5 . Joj;foaf6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ Joj:yf bf]>f] kIf
:jodn] g} ug'{kg]{5 .
#= klxnf] kIfn] Joj;fonfO{ ;kmn kfg{ lgoldt ?kdf Joj;fosf]] cg'udg ug]{ 5 .
$= Joj;flos kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Ln] k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf k|ult ljj/0f cg'bfg pknJw
u/fpg] ;+:yf tyf ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf j'emfpg' kg]{ 5 .
%= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt sfd ubf{ kl/ cfpg ;Sg] s'g}klg eljtJosf] k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L bf]>f]
kIf :jod\ x'g]5 .
^= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP eGbf cGo Joxf]/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt lgod sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|yd kIf bf]>f] kIf

lh=k=;]=sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lx ug]{sf] kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{ jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M gfd M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M ;+:yfsf] 5fk

223
 cg';"rL !!
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fdsf] 9f+rf
!= kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
@= cf=j= #_ k|ult k|ltj]bg cjlw M cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s
qm=;+= ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f
! a+u'/sf] :6s ljj/0f
dfp j+u'/ ;+Vof
5tf}/f 5tf}/L
k|hgg efn]
df;'sf] nflu kflnPsf a+u'/
kf7fkf7L

ljs|L ljj/0f
qm=;+= ljs|L ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f ljls|jf6 k|fKt /sd lhp+bf] tf}n -s]=hL=_
dfp j+u'/
5tf}/f 5tf}/L
k|hgg efn]
df;'sf] nflu
kflnPsf a+u'/
kf7fkf7L
cfO{k/]sf afwf c8\rgx?M

;dfwfgsf] nflu ;'emfjx?

kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{ jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]

gfd M kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

224
 cg';"rL !@
o'jf nlIft Joj;flos a+u'/kfng sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfO{g] d"Nof+sgsf
cfwf/x?
a}b]lzs
Joj;fosf] kfln/x]sf] jf
sfo{ cg'ej÷ /f]huf/ s'n
qm= b= cfj]bssf] ;DefJotf Joj;fo z'? ug]{
7]ufgf of]hgf tflnd- jf6 k|fKtf+s
;+= g+= gfd ÷pko'Qmtf a+u'/sf] ;+Vof
-@%_ !)_ kms]s{ f -!))_
-@%_ -!%_
-@)_

5gf}6 ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] M

gfd y/ M gfd y/ M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M

gfd y/ M gfd y/ M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M

225
 cg';"rL !#
o'jfnlIft Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{ k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf
===================================================================sfof{no
cg'bfgsf] nflu k|:tfj cfJxfg ;DjGwL ;"rgf
k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltM ==================
o; sfof{nosf] cf=j=@)=====÷====== sf] jflif{s l:js[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ o'jfx?nfO{ ;xsfo{df
afv|fkfngsf] dfWodaf6 :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{qmd ePsf] x'+bf gof kmfd{ :yfkgf÷eO{/x]sf]
kmd{ ;'bl9s/0fsf nflu========================lhNnfdf j;f]jf; u/]sf O{R5's !^ b]lv %) jif{ pd]/sf
o'jf o'jtLaf6 lgDgfg';f/ x'g] u/L k|:tfj k]z ug{sf nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
!= afv|fsf] vf]/ lgdf{0f ÷ ;'wf/, h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] nflu km]lG;ª, l8lkª 6\ofs+ lgdf{0f, 3fF; ljsf;
tyf g;{/L :yfkgf, k|hgg\ af]sf vl/b/s[=u= Joj:yfkg jf cfjZos pks/0f vl/b tyf
9'jfgLdf cg'bfg /sd pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
@= cg'bfg sfo{s|d dfly pNn]lvt lhNnfx?sf nflu ;xsfo{df================== j6f Joj;flos
afv|f kmfd{ :yfkgf÷;'b[l9s/0fsf -lghL÷sDkgL_ nflu k|lt kmfd{ ? ======================== /
;xsfo{df ============= j6f ;dx÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Ldf cfj4 afv|f kmfd{ :yfkgf÷;'b[l9s/0fsf
nflu k|lt ;+:yf ?======================sf b/n] cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
#= k|:tfjsn] slDtdf cg'bfg /sd j/fj/sf]] nufgL ug]{ u/L sfo{ of]hgf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
$= k|:tfjsn] of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq tf]lsPsf] 9f+rf cg';f/sf] cfj]bg
kmf/d / sfo{of]hgf k|:tfj ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . cfj]bg
kmf/d tyf sfo{of]hgf k|:tfjsf] gd'gf ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf6 pknJw x'g]
5 . s'g} klg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yf jf6 ljut # jif{ leq ? %),))).–
dflysf] j:t'ut tyf gub cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/LnfO{ 5gf}6 k|ls|ofdf
;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g . cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? ;+nUg ug{ o;} ;"rgfåf/f
hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
tkl;n
!= tf]lsPsf] 9f+rf cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/d
@= tf]lsPsf] 9f+rf cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
#= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnkL
$= tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqsf k|ltlnkLx?
%= a}b]lzs /f]huf/ jf6 kms]{sf]] eP ;f] ljj/0f v'Ng] sfuhft
^= lghL kmfd{÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/L btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk
&= ;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] xsdf ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / kl/of]hgf
5gf}6 ePdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltjåtfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
*= 3f+; ljsf;sf nflu ef8fdf hUuf lnPsf] eP ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM
s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no, xl/x/ejg
kmf]g )!%%%$()^
;DjlGwt lhNnfsf] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no

226
 cg';"rL !$
o'jfnlIft Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{ k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf] cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lbO{g]
cfj]bg kqsf] gd"gf
>Ldfg k|d'v Ho",
s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no÷lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
======================
ljifo M o'jf nlIft Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{ k|j4{g sfo{qmd cGtu{t cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{
lbg] af/] .
dxf]bo,
To; sfof{nosf] ldlt ==============================sf] ================================klqsfdf
k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ ========================================================== kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf]
tkm{ jf6 gofF kmfd{ :yfkgf÷eO{/x]sf] kmd{ ;'bl9s/0fsf nflu pQm cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ul/
Joj;flos afv|f kfng sfo{ ug]{ O{R5f ePsf]n] tkl;n cg'';f/sf sfuhft /fvL of] lgj]bg k]z
u/]sf] 5' . ;fy}, s'g} klg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yf jf6 ljut # jif{ leq ? %),))).
dflysf] j:t'ut tyf gub cg'bfg glnPsf] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5' . cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt
u/]df lgwf{/Lt k|lqmof cg';f/ ;DalGwt lhNnf leq} /xL sfo{ ug]{5' .
k'gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? o;} lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg u/]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t
cg'/f]w ub{5' .
tkl;n
!= cg";"rL # cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
@= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
#= kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnkL
$= tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f-kqsf k|ltlnkLx?
%= a}b]lzs /f]huf/ jf6 kms]{sf]] eP ;f] ljj/0f v'Ng] sfuhft
^= ;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf ;b:ox?sf] sfo{of]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / ;f] 5gf}6 ePdf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnkL
&= 3f+; ljsf;sf nflu ef8fdf hUuf lnPsf] eP ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL

lgj]bs
b:tvt
gfdM
kbM
7]ufgfM
ldltM
;+:yfsf] 5fkM

227
 cg';"rL !%
o'jfnlIft Joj;flos afv|f kmfd{ k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf k|:tfj
!= Joj;fosf] 5f]6f] lrgf/L
@= p2]Zo tyf dxTj
#= ljBdfg ef}lts tyf cGo k"jf{wf/
 afv|fkfng u/]sf] ljj/0f
 afv|fkfng kBlt
 vf]/sf] cj:yf
 lghL jf lnhdf lnPsf] hUufsf] If]qkmn
 3fF; v]tL ul/Psf] ljj/0f
 Joj;fosf] nflu cfjZos >dsf] Joj:yf
$= ;xsfo{df ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{ ljj/0f

s|=;+= ;+rfng ul/g] ls|ofsnfk cg'bfg ;xof]u lghL nufgL hDdf nufgL

gf]6 M ;xsfo{df afv|fkfng ug]{ Joj;foL/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Ln] Go"gtd cg'bfg /sd j/fj/sf]

/sd k|:tfljt of]hgfdf ;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
%= pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ of]hgf
^= ck]lIft jflif{s k|ltkmn
&= Joj;fo ;+rfng ul/g] :yfgsf] ljj/0f

kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M

7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
afv|f kfng ul/g] :yfg M

kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{ jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]

gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

228
 cg';"rL !^
o'jfnlIft Joj;flos afv|f k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ul/g] ;Demf}tf kq
s]Gb|Lo e]8fafv|f k|j4{g sfof{no/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ===== ============== jf6 ;+rfng
ul/g] rfn' cf=j= =============== sf] :jLs[t o'jf nlIft Joj;flos afv|f k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug{ s]Gb|Lo e]8f afv|f k|j4{g sfof{no/ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ===== ============== -o;kl5 k|yd
kIf elgg]_ / 5gf}6 ePsf kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/L =================================== -o;kl5 bf]>f]
kIf elgg]_ ljr tkl;nsf zt{gfdfx?sf] clwgdf /lx sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ låklIfo ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 .
tkl;n
!= k|yd kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ @ ls:tfdf cg'bfg
/sd pknAw u/fpg] 5 . klxnf] ls:tf sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] %) k|ltzt sfo{ ;DkGg eP
kl5 / bf];|f] ls:tf :ynut cg'udg kZrft kl/of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]
l;kmfl/; ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nojf6 k|fKt ePkl5 kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf]
vftfdf cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
@= k|yd kIfaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]unfO{ bf]>f] kIfn] slDtdf klg # jif{;Dd df:g jf b'?kof]u
ug{ kfpg] 5}g / To;f] u/]sf] kfO{Pdf lghaf6 ;f] /sd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd c;'n pk/sf]
nflu cfjZos sf/jfxL rnfO{g]5 . Joj;foaf6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ Joj:yf bf]>f] kIfn]
ug'{kg]{5 .
#= k|yd kIfn] Joj;fonfO{ ;kmn kfg{ lgoldt ?kdf Joj;fosf]] cg'udg ug]{ 5 .
$= Joj;flos kmfd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Ln] k|To]s $ dlxgfdf ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
dfkm{t k|yd kIf ;dIf k|ult k|ltj]bg j'emfpg' kg]{ 5 .
%= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt sfd ubf{ kl/ cfpg ;Sg] s'g}klg eljtJosf] k"'0f{ lhDd]jf/L bf]>f]
kIfsf] x'g]5 .
^= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf s'/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|yd kIf bf]>f] kIf

lh=k=;]=sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lx ug]{sf] kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M gfd M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M ;+:yfsf] 5fk

229
 cg';"rL !&
o'jfnlIft Joj;flos afv|f k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fd

!= kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M

7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
@= cf=j= #_ k|ult k|ltj]bg cjlw M cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s
qm=;+= ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f
! afv|fsf] :6s ljj/0f
dfp afv|f ;+Vof
k7]ªu|L ;+Vof
af]sf ;+Vof
kf7f ;+Vof
kf7L ;+Vof
@ 3fF; ljsf; ljj/0f If]qkmn

# vf]/ lgdf{0f÷;'wf/ ljj/0f ju{ ld6/

ljs|L ljj/0f
qm=;+= laqmL ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f ljs|L jf6 k|fKt /sd lhp+bf] tf}n -s]=hL=_
dfp jfv|f
k7]ªu|L
jf]sf
kf7f
kf7L

cfO{k/]sf afwf c8\rgx? M

;dfwfgsf] nflu ;'emfjx? M

kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{af6 ;lx ug]{sf] ]

gfd M
kb M
b:tvt M
ldlt M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

230
 cg';"rL !*
o'jfnlIft Joj;flos afv|f k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfO{g] d"Nof+sgsf
cfwf/x?
qm= b= cfj]bs 7]ufgf sfo{ Joj;fosf] cg'ej÷ kfln/x]sf] 3fF; a}b]lzs s'n
;+= g+= sf] gfd of]hgf ;DefJotf÷ tflnd/z} jf Joj;fo ljsf; /f]huf/ k|fKtf+s
-#)_ pko'Qmtf lIfs z'? ug]{ u/]sf] jf jf6 -!))_
-@%_ of]Uotf afv|fsf] ljsf; kms]{sf
-!)_ ;+Vof ul/g] -%_
-!)_ hUufsf]
If]qkmn
-@)_

5gf}6 ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] M

gfd y/ M gfd y/ M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M

gfd y/ M gfd y/ M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M

231
 cg';"rL – !(
o'jfnlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf

o; lgb]{zgfnosf] cf=j= @)=====÷=====÷====== sf] jflif{s :jLs[t o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg
sfo{qmd -8]/L_ cg';f/ o"jfx?nfO{ ;xsfo{df pGgt ufO{ e}+;Lsf] gofF 8]/L kmfd{ :yfkgf÷demf}nf
:t/sf 8]/L kmfd{ ;'b[9Ls/0f÷7"nf 8]/L kmfd{df ofGqLs/0f ;xof]usf nflu ================= lhNnfdf
j;f]jf; u/]sf !^–%) jif{ pd]/sf j]/f]huf/÷cw{j]/f]huf/÷ljb]zjf6 kms]{sf o"jf o"jtLx? af6
k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] nflu of] ;fj{hgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/LPsf] 5 . OR5's pNn]lvt
pd]/÷;d'x÷Joj;flos kmfd{ ;+rfnsx?n] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg
leq tklzndf pNn]lvt kmfd{ :yfkgf jf ;'b[l9s/0fsf] jf oflGqs/0fsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf
cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd / kl/of]hgfsf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfof{nodf k]z ug{ x'g hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . k|:tfjs o"jf jf ;fem]bf/L kmfd{x?n] ;/sf/L
lgsfojf6 ljut @ jif{ ;Dddf tn pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg ;xof]u lnO{
;s]sf kmfd{x? 5gf}6 k|s[ofdf ;dfj]; x'g] 5}gg\ . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf kz'
;]jf sfof{nodf jf o; lgb]{zgfnodf ;Dks{ /fVg x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

s_ gofF tyf ;fgf 8]/L kmfd{ :yfkgfsf nfuL Go"gtd ?=!))))).– -Psnfv_;Ddsf] gub tyf
j:t'ut cg'bfg k|fKt u/L;s]sf,
Vf_ :yflkt demf}nf:t/ 8]/L kmfd{ ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nfuL Go"gtd ?= @))))).– -b'O{ nfv_ ;Ddsf]
gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg kf|Kt u/L;s]sf,
Vf_ :yflkt 7'nf 8]/L kmfd{{x?sf] oflGqs/0fsf nfuL Go"gtd ?= #))))).– -tLg nfv_ ;Ddsf]
gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg k|fKt u/L;s]sf
cfj]bg ;fy tklzn cg';f/sf sfuhftx? clgjfo{ ?kdf ;+nUg ug{ ;d]t o;} ;"rgfåf/f ;'lrt
ul/G5 .

tklzn M
!= cg';"rL @ cg';f/sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd
@= cg';'rL # cg';f/sf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj
#= g]kfnL gfu/Lstfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk
$= tfnLd, z}lIfs of]Uotf, cg'ej / j}b]lzs /f]huf/jf6 kms]{sf] xsdf sfuhftx?sf]] k|dfl0ft
k|ltlnlkx?
%= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfodf kmfd{ btf{ ePsf] cfjZos k|dfl0ft
sfuhftsf k|ltlnlkx?

232
 cg';"rL – @)
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lbO{g] cfj]bg
kqsf] 9fFrf
>Ldfg k|d'vHo",
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
======================
ljifo M o'jfnlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ cGtu{t cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ lbg]
af/] .

dxf]bo,
>L kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] ldlt ======================== sf] ====================================
klqsfdf k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ >L================================================================== kmfd{
tkm{af6 gofF 8]/L kmfd{ :yfkgf÷demf}nf :t/sf 8]/L kmfd{ ;'b[9Ls/0f÷7"nf 8]/L kmfd{df
ofGqLs/0fsf nfuL pQm cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt u/L Jofj;flos pGgt ufO{e}+;L kfng sfo{ ug{
ltj| O{R5f ePsf]n] tkl;n cg'';f/sf sfuhft /fvL of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' . cg'bfg ;xof]u
k|fKt u/]df lgwf{l/t k|lqmof cg';f/ ;DalGwt lhNnfleq} /xL sfo{ ug]{5' .
k'gZrM cfj]bg ;fy tkl;n cg';f/sf sfuhftx? ;+nUg /fv]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5'.

tkl;n
!= cg";"rL @! cg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
@= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL
#= ;DjlGwt lgsfodf kmfd{ btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
$= cGo k|dfl0ft k|df0f kqx? -tflnd, z}lIfs of]Uotf_ cflbsf k|ltlnlkx?_
%= j}}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kms]{sfsf] xsdf kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk
^= kl/of]hgfsf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj
&= kl/of]hgf 5gf}6 ePdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tf
lgj]bs
b:tvt M
gfdM
kbM
7]ufgfM
ldltM

;+:yfsf] 5fkM

233
 cg';"rL – @!
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ sf] ;+lIfKt sfo{of]hgf
o"jf÷;fem]bf/L 8]/L kmfd{sf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDa/M
7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf M
ufO{e}+;L kfng ul/g] :yfg M
o"jf÷;fem]bf/L 8]/L ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{ ljj/0fM
qm=;+= ;+rfng ul/g] lqmofsnfk cg'bfg ;xof]u gLlh nufgL hDdf nufgL

o"jf÷;fem]bf/L 8]/L ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{ ug]{ Jofj;foLn] Go"gtd cg'bfg /sd a/fa/sf] /sd
k|:tfljt of]hgfdf ;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
ufO{ e}F;L kfng u/]sf] eP, ljut slt jif{b]lv ufO{ e}F;Lkfng lg/Gt/ ul//x]sf] ?
jif{==========dlxgf=========
ufO{÷e}F;Lsf] hftM
ufO{÷e}F;Lsf] ;+VofM /fFuf ;fF9]sf] ;+VofM
ufO{e}F;L kfng gofF ;'? ug]{ eP, kfng ul/g] hftM
ufO{e}F;L kfNg] ;+VofM
ufO{e}F;L kfng k4ltM
3fF; v]tL u/]sf]÷ul/g] If]qkmnM
3fF;sf] lsl;dM
8fn] 3fF;sf] lsl;d / ;+VofM
Joj;fosf] nflu >dsf] Joj:yfkg M s_ kfl/jf/LsM dlxnf ;+VofM k'?if ;+VofM
v_ aflx/af6 u_ b'j}
pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ M
ck]lIft jflif{s k|ltkmn M

o"jf÷;fem]bf/L 8]/L ;~rfnssf] tkm{af6 ;lx ug]{sf] M

gfd M ;+:yfsf] 5fkM
kb M
b:tvt M ldlt M

234
 cg';"rL – @@
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ ;+rffngsf] nflu ul/g] ;Def}tf kq
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgno, xl/x/ejgjf6 ;+rfng ul/g] rfn' cf=j= ========== sf] :jLs[t
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ ;+rfng ug{ kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgno, xl/x/ejg ÷
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ===== ============== -o;kl5 k|yd kIf elgg]_ / 5gf}6 ePsf kmd{/;d'x/
;ldlt/;xsf/L =================================== -o;kl5 bf]>f] kIf elgg]_ sf ljr tkl;nsf
zt{gfdfx?sf] clwgdf /xL sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ;DkGg ug{ låklIfo ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 .
tkl;n
!= k|ydkIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ Joj;fo ;+rfngsf] nflu sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ @ ls:tfdf cg'bfg
/sd pknAw u/fpg] 5 . klxnf] ls:tf sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] %) k|ltzt sfo{ ;DkGg eP
kl5 / bf];|f] ls:tf :ynut cg'udg kZrft kl/of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]
l;kmfl/; ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nojf6 k|fKt ePkl5 kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf]
vftfdf cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
@= k|yd kIfaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]unfO{ bf]>f] kIfn] slDtdf klg # jif{;Dd df:g jf b'?kof]u
ug{ kfpg] 5}g / To;f] u/]sf] kfO{Pdf lghaf6 ;f] /sd ;/sf/L af+sL ;/x c;'n pk/sf]
nflu cfjZos sf/jfxL rnfO{g] 5 . Joj;foaf6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ Joj:yf bf]>f] kIfn]
ug'{kg]{5 .
#= k|yd kIfn] Joj;fonfO{ ;kmn kfg{ lgoldt ?kdf Joj;fosf]] cg'udg ug]{ 5 .
$= Joj;flos kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsfl/n] k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf ;DjlGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
dfkm{t cg';"rL % jdf]lhd k|ult k|ltj]bg j'emfpg' kg]{ 5 .
%= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt sfd ubf{ kl/ cfpg ;Sg] s'g}klg eljtJosf] k'0f{ lhDd]jf/L bf]>f]
kIfsf] x'g]5 .
^= kz' ;]jf ljefu / o; dftxtsf lgsfox/af6 ul/g]÷u/fOg] cjnf]sg e|d0f, cg'udg tyf
lgl/If0f / cg';Gwfg h:tf sfo{x? ug{sf nflu bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5 .
&= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf s'/fsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|yd kIf bf]>f] kIf

kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgno÷lh=k=;]=sf=sf] tkm{af6 ;lx ug]{sf] kmd{÷;d'x÷;ldlt÷;xsf/Lsf] tkm{jf6 ;lx ug]{sf]
gfd M gfd M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M ;+:yfsf] 5fk

235
 cg';"rL – @#
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ ;~rfngsf] k|ult ljj/0f k7fpg] kmf/fdsf] 9f+rf
!= kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] gfd M ;Dks{ gDj/M
7]ufgfM ufp+÷6f]n j8f g+= uf=lj=;= lhNnf
@= cf=j= #_ k|ult k|ltj]bg cjlw M cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s
qm=;+= ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f
! :6s ljj/0f
b'x'gf ufO{e]+;L ;+Vof
afR5f afR5L kf8fkf8L ;+Vof
;fF9] /fFuf] ;+Vof
@ ;b[9Ls/0f ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx?

# oflGqs/0f ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx?

$ 3f+; ljsf; ljj/0f If]qkmn

% kz' hGo pTkfbgx?

ljs|L ljj/0f
qm=;+= ljs|L ljj/0f O{sfO{ kl/df0f ljls| jf6 k|fKt /sd s}lkmot

k|ltj]lbt cjlwdf kmfd{ ;~rfngdf cfO{k/]sf d'Vo d'Vo afwf c8\rgx? M

;dfwfgsf] nflu ul/Psf k|ofz / ;'emfjx? M

kmd{/;d'x/;ldlt/;xsf/Lsf] tkm{ jf6 ;lx ug]{sf] ]

gfd M
kb M
b:tvt M
ldlt M
;+:yfsf] 5fk M

236
 cg';"rL – @$
o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd -8]/L_ ;+rfngsf nflu 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfO{g] d"Nof+sgsf
cfwf/x?

kfln/x]sf] jf 3fF; ljsf; a}b]lzs s'n

sfo{ Joj;fosf] cg'ej÷ Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] jf ljsf; /f]huf/ h}ljs tyf k|fKtf+s
qm= b= cfj]bssf] of]hgf ;DefJotf÷ tflnd ug]{ ufO{ e}; kof{j/0fLo
7]ufgf + Lsf]] ul/g] hUufsf] jf6
pko'Qmtf ;'/Iff ljlw -!))_
;+= g+ gfd ;+Vof If]qkmn kms]s
{ f
-@%_ -!)_
-!)_
-!)_
-@)_ -!%_ -!)_

5gf}6 ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] M

gfd y/ M gfd y/ M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M

gfd y/ M gfd y/ M
kb M kb M
b:tvt M b:tvt M
ldlt M ldlt M

237