E6 Processing Manual

CONTENTS – PART I
Introduction Page 3
I. General Processing Information Page 5
II. Handling of Process Chemicals and Solution Preparation Page 14
III. Process Quality Control Page 30
Appendices Page 42
Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 2

INTRODUCTION
This manual provides essential technical information relevant to processing FUJICHROME and other E-6
compatible films in FUJI HUNT Pro6 chemicals. The principles provided may also be used as a general reference
guide for all other compatible Pro6/E-6 chemicals. The technical information and standardised procedures were
designed to provide trouble-free processing and consistent quality.
The Main Topics of this Manual are:
1. General Process Information

2. Solution Preparation Procedures and Handling Precautions
3. Process Control and Quality Control
4. Process Troubleshooting
All essential Process Pro6/E-6 information is contained within this publication. It is highly recommended that not
only equipment operators, but all Pro6/E-6 lab personnel, acquire a complete knowledge of this information.
Fully informed technical personnel will add to the overall quality output of any facility processing FUJICHROME
and other E-6 compatible films.
FUJI HUNT OASIS PRO
Fuji Hunt have produced a market-leading process control program called OASIS Pro that is designed to make
the whole job of monitoring and controlling your Pro6/E-6 (or other) process a lot easier.
This program is available in four variants to suit all types of laboratory.
OASIS Pro Lite is a simple program allowing reading and plotting of process control strips and includes
diagnostics for all main process strip types and makes. This program is extremely easy to use and it is ideal for
the smaller laboratory.
OASIS Pro Compact retains the ease-of-use of the Lite program, but adds additional features for processor
comparisons (or comparisons between different strip types), chemical checks, printer control and other
functions commonly required in professional laboratories.
OASIS Pro is a full-featured program including many additional data comparison and process control functions,
and also allows you to monitor and control remote sites equipped with OASIS Pro Lite or Compact from one
central location. This program is ideal for the central site of a laboratory group, or for larger professional and
finisher laboratories.
OASIS Pro Monitor is available for those companies running a monitoring service for other
laboratories.
All OASIS Pro programs allow the storage of virtually unlimited amounts of data without affecting the speed of
the program, and data can be sent from any OASIS program to a site equipped with OASIS Pro or OASIS Pro
Monitor for further evaluation and diagnostic control. All OASIS programs support all process control strip types
and makes available on the market. OASIS Pro is available in English, French, German, Japanese, Polish,
Portuguese and Spanish languages, and can be used on any computer running Windows 9x, Me, NT4 or 2000.
For further information about OASIS Pro, please see the Fuji Hunt web site at www.fujihunt.com, or see your
Fuji Hunt representative.

FUJI HUNT PROCESS PRO6/E-6 TRAINING COURSES
Fuji Hunt can provide both basic and highly advanced training in controlling and optimising your Pro6 chemistry
for all film makes and types. These training courses are the result of extensive research into current Pro6/E-6
process practice, and cover the response of most film types currently found in the market place. This covers
current Fuji Pro6/E-6/CR-56 film types, and also important films from other manufacturers such as Kodak EPP,
E100S, E100SW and E100VS, and Agfa RSXII.
These courses cover both photographic fundamentals and the Pro6/E-6 process itself, and concentrate on
troubleshooting and process optimisation.
Students attending one of these courses will gain an insight into the Pro6/E-6 process never before available. A
great number of common process variables are explained not only in theory, but also with the practical effect on
all major film types. A key feature of these courses is the visual material available both during the training and
also for presentation to the student for his future reference on completing the course.
The process control strip deviations for Fuji, Kodak and Agfa materials are presented along with the graphs,
allowing you to evaluate the process graph and compare this with the effects on different film types.
Please see your Fuji Hunt representative for further details.

I. GENERAL PROCESSING INFORMATION
FEATURES AND EFFECTS OF PRO6 CHEMICALS PAGE 6
STANDARD PRO6/E-6 PROCESSING STEPS PAGE 8

Table 1 – Processing Steps
PROCESSING CONDITIONS PAGE 9

Processing Times Page 9
Processing Temperatures Page 9
Gaseous Burst Agitation Page 9
Re-circulation/Filtration/Agitation Page 9
Water Washes Page 10
Replenishment Page 10
Table 2 – Standard Replenishment and Water Flow Rates
Table 3 – Film Areas
Drying Page 13

I. GENERAL PROCESS INFORMATION
This section provides general information on the Pro6 chemical line used for processing all FUJICHROME and
other E-6 compatible films.
FEATURES AND EFFECTS OF PRO6 CHEMICALS
Pro6 Reversal Chemicals have been formulated to produce optimum quality processing of all brands of films
compatible with the Pro6/E-6 process. In addition to formulation improvements, several procedures are
described in this manual to improve the quality and control of the process.
First Developer
The First Developer chemically converts the exposed silver halide grains (latent image) to metallic silver by a
reduction reaction, resulting in negative image formation. The First Developer is a low-activity solution that is
highly buffered to resist major fluctuations in pH, and maintains a consistent pH equilibrium with a fixed rate of
replenishment. In this step the solution temperature, concentration, agitation, processing time and replenishment
rate are the main factors affecting the density (speed), contrast, colour balance, stain, uniformity and maximum
density of processed film.
Option 1: Pro6 First Developer Replenisher replenishes at 2150 ml/m².

Suitable for use in all laboratories.
Option 2: Pro6 First Developer Replenisher LR replenishes at 1075 ml/m²,
50% less than option 1.
Suitable for those laboratories having a high production throughput.
Reversal Bath
The Reversal Bath chemically fogs any remaining unexposed silver halide grains which were not reduced by the
First Developer. Full fogging (nucleating) is achieved when the reversal agent in the film becomes alkaline in the
Colour Developer. Incorrect solution time, replenishment rate, and concentration affect maximum density,
contrast and colour balance.
Colour Developer
The Colour Developer develops the silver halide fogged by the reversal agent and converts it to metallic silver.
This reaction changes the colour-developing agent to an oxidised form which, in turn, reacts with the colour
couplers in the film, resulting in a positive colour dye image. The Colour Developer is susceptible to pH change
because of oxidation, CO2 (carbon dioxide) absorption and carry-over of the acidic Reversal Bath. In the Colour
Developer step the solution time, temperature, pH, concentration, agitation and replenishment rate are critical
in maintaining proper colour balance, contrast, uniformity and density.
Option 1: Pro6 Colour Developer Replenisher replenishes at 2150 ml/m².

Suitable for use in all laboratories.
Option 2: Pro6 Colour Developer Replenisher LR replenishes at 1075 ml/m²,
50% less than option 1. Suitable for those laboratories having
a high production throughput.

Pre-Bleach or Conditioner
The Pre-Bleach prepares the developed metallic silver for oxidation to silver bromide in the bleach, maintains the
proper amount of EDTA in the Bleach and simultaneously promotes dye stability of the final image. It also helps
to preserve the acidity of the Bleach by decreasing Colour Developer carry-over.
Pre-Bleach in combination with Final Rinse creates a safer and more user-friendly environment for the operators
as emissions of free formaldehyde are reduced to an absolute minimum. A too low replenishment rate or under-
activity may cause stain but, very importantly, it will decrease the dye stability of the final image.
The Conditioner serves the same basic functions as the Pre-Bleach except the important function of dye
stabilisation. Low replenishment rate or under-activity will cause stain. When Conditioner is installed, it is
essential to run with Stabiliser in the final bath. Never run Conditioner with Final Rinse, this will result in very
rapid dye fading.
Bleach
The Bleach converts all metallic silver to silver bromide. Aeration, in some form, is required to maintain
optimum bleach activity. Under-aeration, inadequate solution time, incorrect temperature or replenishment may
result in leuco cyan dye, stain and silver retention.
Fixer
The Fixer converts all silver halides contained in the emulsion into water-soluble complex silver salts. When
inadequate fixing occurs, stain levels increase and leuco cyan dye may form. Limited aeration is recommended for
the fixer during processing.
Final Rinse or Stabiliser

The Final Rinse gives spot-free, uniform film drying and minimises backside scumming. Final Rinse does not
contain “dye stabilising enhancer”, a function which is performed in the Pre-Bleach. Final Rinse must be used in
combination with Pre-Bleach.
The Stabiliser serves 2 main functions as it improves the final dye stability as well as permitting spot-free, uniform
drying. Low concentration and replenishment result in poor dye stability and film spotting.
Periodic replacement of Final Rinse or Stabiliser working tank solution is recommended to maintain optimum
solution quality and cleanliness and to help reduce film spotting and streaking.

STANDARD PRO6 PROCESSING STEPS
The standard Pro6 automatic processing steps are indicated in Table 1.
TABLE 1: PROCESSING STEPS

PROCESS TIME (minutes) SOLUTION AGITATION
TEMPERATURE
Gaseous Burst Re-circulation
Process Step Lower Standard Upper °C Nitrogen Air Pump Filter
Limit Limit
First Developer 5 6 7 37.7 – 38.3 °C Y - Y Y
Or
First Developer LR 5 6 7 37.7 – 38.3°C Y - Y Y
Wash 1 2 4 33.0 – 39.0°C - Y - -
Reversal Bath 1 2 4 24.0 – 39.0°C - - Y Y
The Remaining Steps May Be Completed In Room Light
Colour Developer 5 6 7 37.4 – 38.6 °C Y - Y Y
or
Colour Developer LR 5 6 7 37.4 – 38.6°C Y Y Y Y
Pre-Bleach 2 1 2 4 24.0 – 39.0°C - - Y Y
or
Conditioner 1 2 4 24.0 – 39.0°C - - Y Y
Bleach 6 6 8 33.0 – 39.0°C - Y Y Y
Fixer 2 4 6 33.0 – 39.0°C - Y Y Y
Wash 1 2 4 24.0 – 39.0°C - Y - -
Wash (Counter Current) 1 2 4 24.0 – 39.0°C - Y - -
Final Rinse ½ 1 4 Ambient - - - -
or
Stabiliser ½ 1 4 Ambient - - - -
Drying - 2 - Maximum 63°C - - - -
• Temperature aim for First Developer and Colour Developer is 38°C. Temperature limits for First
Developer 0.3°C and Colour Developer 0.6°C should be maintained after determining a specific operating
temperature that provides the best process control.
Variations in solution temperature, time, concentration, agitation and replenishment may cause deviations in
colour film balance, speed, contrast, stain, uniformity and D-Max.

PROCESSING CONDITIONS
For best results with all films, it is essential that specific conditions be strictly observed and that close inspection
of processing conditions be maintained on a regular basis.
Processing Times
Processing step intervals are determined by measuring the time lapse between film entry into one tank solution
and entry into the very next tank solution. In rack and tank type processors, processing times should be adjusted
so that solution-to-solution film transfer time does not exceed 30 seconds.
Processing Temperatures
Processing solution temperatures must be controlled to within specified limits. Rigid temperature control of the
First Developer and Colour Developer is critical in maintaining optimum quality.
Once the desired operating temperature for each solution is established, the temperatures should be stabilized.
Gaseous Burst Agitation (In Rack and Tank Processors)

Gaseous burst agitation should be used as indicated below.
Nitrogen Burst First Developer, Colour Developer
Air Burst Bleach, Fixer, and Washes
No Burst Reversal Bath, Pre-Bleach, Conditioner, Final Rinse, Stabiliser
Standard Burst Conditions:
Pressure Each burst should be controlled so that the solution level rises 10-17 mm.
Position Equal agitation at both sides of the tanks must be ensured by correctly
positioning each sparger.
Burst Rate One 1.5-2 second burst every 10 seconds.
Balance The balance of the burst strength should be controlled so that the burst is
slightly stronger at the front side of the tank in order to obtain an area free
from any foam where the film enters the solution.
• It is important that nitrogen and air be maintained oil-free.

• Nitrogen should be at least 99.9% pure.
• Inadequate solution agitation adversely affects the overall density, gradation and density uniformity of
processed films. Fine bubbles breaking the solution surface at a moderate, uniformed rate in the tank
solution should be visible. In rack and tank processors, air or nitrogen pressure should be adjusted so that
gaseous burst does not bring film into mutual contact or into contact with processor tank side -walls.

Re-circulation/Filtration/Agitation
All solutions, except Reversal Bath, Pre-Bleach, Conditioner, Final Rinse and Stabiliser, should be re-circulated
and filtered. Reversal Bath, Pre-Bleach and Conditioner should maintain an ambient tank temperature of 24 -39
°C.
Standard re-circulation Rates
• First Developer, Colour Developer :
One-half or more of the total tank solution volumes should be re-circulated every minute.
• Bleach, Fixer :
One-fifth of the total tank solution volumes should be re-circulated every minute.
• Reversal Bath, Pre-Bleach, Conditioner :
Sufficient to mix in the fresh replenisher to avoid layering.
Standard Filtration/Agitation
The functions of filtration and agitation are to:
1. Maintain even temperatures of all tank solutions.
2. Maintain process uniformity by allowing a moderate movement of solutions against and around film surfaces.
3. Assure proper mixing of process solution with incoming replenisher and solution carry-in.
4. Remove foreign solids from solution to prevent blemishes, scratches and overall film defects.
It is recommended that 25 micron polyethylene or polypropylene filters be used.
Water Washes
Washes are important processing steps which may ultimately affect processed film quality and stability. Washes
are provided to remove undesired processing chemistry and by-products from films. Based on incoming water
conditions, a 25 micron filter should be used to filter the incoming water supply. Standard wash water flow rates
may be found in Table 2.
Replenishment
All solutions require recommended replenishment rates to maintain chemical component balance. Replenishment
rates should be verified on a weekly basis. The replenisher solutions must be prepared according to
recommended mix instructions and should be used within specified periods of time. To avoid oxidation and
possible contamination, floating lids and tank covers should be used with replenisher and stock solution storage
tanks. The chemical storage area temperature should be maintained between 16-30°C to ensure solution quality
and consistency.
Adequate ventilation in the chemical storage area is suggested. Recommended replenishment rates are indicated
in Table 2.

TABLE 2: STANDARD REPLENISHMENT RATES AND WATER FLOW RATES PRO6
CHEMICALS
ml/m²
Process Step Concentrate Water Total
First Developer 430 1720 2150
Or
First Developer LR 215 860 1075
Wash 41
Reversal Bath1 54 1021 1075
Colour Developer A-430 B-430 1290 2150
Or
Colour Developer LR A-215 B-215 645 1075
Pre-Bleach 2 108 967 1075
Or
Conditioner 215 860 1075
Bleach2 215 - 215
Fixer 108 967 1075
Wash Countercurrent cascaded
Wash 81,453
Final Rinse 11 1064 1075
Or
Stabiliser 17 1058 1075

ml/Linear metre
Process Step 70mm Film 120 Film 135 Film
(perforated) (perforated)
First Developer 147 135 71
Or
First Developer LR 73 67 36
Wash 2730 2490 1312
Reversal Bath1 73 67 36
Colour Developer 147 135 71

Or 73
Colour Developer LR 67 36
Pre-Bleach 2 73 67 36
Or
Conditioner 73 67 36
2
Bleach 14 13 7
Fixer 73 67 36
Wash Countercurrent cascaded
Wash 5460 4980 2624
Final Rinse 73 67 36
Or
Stabiliser 73 67 36
1. To improve Reversal Bath performance, the Reversal Bath may be mixed at 40 ml/l for replenisher and
replenished at twice the above recommended replenishment rates (Not recommended for the highest
volume applications).
2. Bleach Concentrate may be diluted by up to 10% to compensate for working tank solution evaporation. In
exceptional cases – for processors with very low throughput and significant evaporation problems – this may
be increased up to 20% or even 30%. See Table 6.
Note: Replenisher rates for continuous machines may need to be adjusted based on squeegee efficiency. For
continuous machines, replenish for 35 mm film leader at a rate of 4.1 ml/linear metre.

Film Areas
TABLE 3: FILM AREAS
Film Size Film Area (m²)

135-24 0.0374
135-36 0.0514
120 0.0504
220 0.1020
5” x 4” 0.0129
(10.2 x 15.7 cm)
10” x 8” 0.0516
(25.4 x 20.3 cm)
14” x 11” 0.0993
(35.6 x 28.0 cm)
Leader portions of 135 film are not calculated.
Drying
Drying temperature affects drying and the physical characteristics of the film. The gentler the drying conditions
are, the greater the reduction in drying streaks and physical problems. Excessive drying temperature also results
in film curl. Drying temperature must be higher than 40°C but should not exceed 55°C. Drying airflow should be
filtered to eliminate foreign airborne dust and dirt particles.
Low humidity may result in excessive film curl. A humidifier may be considered to increase humidity, or install a
container or tray filled with water in the dryer cabinet.

II. HANDLING OF PROCESS CHEMICALS AND SOLUTION
PREPARATION
CHEMICAL HANDLING / PRO6 CHEMICALS PAGE 15

Process Chemical Composition Page 15
Table 4 – Process Chemical Composition
Chemical Storage Page 16
Table 5 – Recommended Shelf Life – Unopened Concentrates
Chemical Handling Precautions Page 16
General Handling Precautions Page 16
Safe Handling Steps
Protective Equipment Page 17
Ventilation Page 18
First Aid Page Page 18
PROCESS SOLUTION PREPARATION PAGE 19

Water Page 19
Mixing Tanks Page 19
Use of Separate Mixing Tanks
Chemical Mixing Tank Shapes, Sizes and Materials
Chemical Mixing Tank Level and Calibration Marks
Chemical Mixing Precautions Page 20
Water Temperature
Chemical Mixing
Chemical Mixing Sequence
Dissolving Chemical Precipitates
Chemical Mixing Procedures Page 21
Table 6 – Solution / Mixing Procedure
Process Solution pH and Density (Specific Gravity) Page 26
Table 7 – Recommended pH and Specific Gravity
PROCESS SOLUTION STORAGE PAGE 29

Solution Storage Page 29
Table 8 – Recommended Shelf Life – Mixed Solution and Replenisher
Waste Water and Solution Treatment Page 29

II. HANDLING OF CHEMICALS AND SOLUTION PREPARATION
CHEMICAL HANDLING / PRO6 CHEMICALS
Process Chemical Composition
TABLE 4: PROCESS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Solution Part Basic Chemical Ingredients

First Developer Starter Single Halides; Acid.
First Developer Replenisher Single Hydroquinone derivative developing agent; Sulphite;
Alkaline Agent; Halides.
Reversal Bath and Single Tin (II) complex.
Replenisher
Colour Developer Starter Single Halides; Acid.
Colour Developer Part A Alkaline agent; Stabilising agent; Sulphite; Competitive
Replenisher coupler.
Colour Developer Part B Para-phenylenediamine derivative; Developing agent;
Sulphate salt; Phosphate; Sulphur Dioxide (SO2).
Replenisher
Pre-Bleach 2 Single EDTA; Potassium Sulphite; Grain scrubber;
Dye Stabilising Agent.
Conditioner and Single EDTA; Potassium Sulphite; Grain scrubber.
Replenisher
Bleach Starter Single EDTA.
Bleach Replenisher Single Iron EDTA chelate; Bromide.
Fixer and Replenisher Single Ammonium thiosulphate; Sulphites.
Final Rinse Single Surfactant, Biocide.
Stabiliser and Replenisher Single Formaldehyde; Surfactant.

Chemical Storage
Unopened chemical containers should be kept in dry locations at temperatures between 5-30°C.
Storage of chemical concentrates below recommended temperatures may result in formation of precipitates.
These precipitates may be dissolved back into solution when mixing from concentrates. Storage above
recommended temperatures may cause accelerated deterioration of product and may result in reduced shelf life.
TABLE 5: MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED CHEMICAL SHELF LIFE
SHELF LIFE SOLUTION SHELF LIFE SOLUTION

18 Months First Developer 24 Months Colour Developer Part A
First Developer Starter Bleach
Colour Developer Part B Bleach Starter
Pre-Bleach 2 Final Rinse
Conditioner Stabiliser
Fixer
12 Months Colour Developer Starter
Reversal Bath
Chemical Handling Precautions

Chemical concentrates contain ingredients that may be harmful if allowed to contact skin or eyes. It is highly
recommended that all lab personnel be protected from fumes and splashing as noted below. Similar precautions
should be exercised when handling mixed replenishers and working tank solutions.
General Handling Precautions

When working directly with imaging solutions, always wear the recommended protective equipment. It is much
better to be overprotected than under-protected. Read both the product label and the relevant MSDS (Material
Safety Data Sheet) to determine recommended handling precautions, which should comply with current COSHH
regulations. A copy of the MSDS sheet should be available from your supervisor, or by contacting your chemical
manufacturer.
Never assume that you can leave a solution on your skin. If a substance is spilled, do not assume that water can
simply be added to clean up any spill. Read the MSDS to be certain that the necessary precautions are taken.
Avoid skin and eye contact with concentrated liquids and dry chemicals. Use gloves, aprons and goggles in
accordance with MSDS instructions when pouring, mixing, disposing or treating chemical solutions.

Safe Handling Steps
The safest protection to avoid any adverse health effect is to faithfully observe the following safe
handling precautions.
Read the MSDS and Product Label: They will provide information concerning the necessary
precautions for safe handling of any chemical product.
Avoid Direct Chemical Contact: Handle all chemical solutions carefully to avoid splashing. Clean up
all spills immediately after they occur. Consult the MSDS to determine how to properly clean and
dispose of spilled material. Do not raise dust when handling dry chemicals.
Keep Work Area and Protective Gear Clean: To minimise chemical contact, always keep chemical
work areas clean during and after use. Keep all protective equipment such as goggles, aprons, gloves,
respirators, etc. free from chemicals when not in use. Protective equipment should be cleaned daily or
after each use. All clothing worn while handling chemicals should be laundered at least twice a week. Do
not wear chemically contaminated clothing.
Wear Protective Equipment: Always wear protective equipment; gloves, aprons and goggles as
specified by the MSDS, whenever mixing or pouring chemical concentrates and when cleaning any spill
that may result from chemical use.
Protective Equipment
Gloves: Several types of gloves may be useful in your business operation. Short cotton gloves may be
useful for preventing fingerprints on photographic film. Tight fitting, chemical resistant disposable gloves
provide protection for brief use requirements. Disposable gloves should be discarded after one use and
not rinsed for reuse. Reusable, unlined nitrile, butyl rubber or neoprene gloves are the best choice for
mixing and working with chemical concentrates and mixed solutions. The MSDS is useful in determining
the type of gloves required when handling a specific chemical.
Goggles: Goggles are mandatory for mixing chemicals. The goggles must meet British Standard BS
2092.1 CD and be CE marked. The goggles should be tight fitting and should not have any openings that
would allow chemicals to contact the eye. Safety glasses are not adequate for working with liquid
chemicals. Goggles that are available through local hardware suppliers, or those that may have
ventilation holes are not suitable for this application, as chemical solutions are able to pass through
ventilation holes and contact the eye.
Aprons: A protective neoprene apron should always be worn to avoid splashing of chemicals when
mixing and pouring. In addition, long pants and sleeve shirts should be worn in conjunction with aprons
to protect skin areas, not covered by aprons, from chemical contact.

Ventilation
Chemical concentrates and mixed solutions can liberate irritating vapours
and carcinogens, if not handled properly. Some photographic film
stabilisers may contain Formaldehyde, which is a potential carcinogen.
Generally, photographic labs would be expected to comply with National
and Local Health and Safety regulations. Air would not be expected to
contain pollutants which may be harmful to employees. However, some
chemical vapours can emit unpleasant odours even though the air pollutant
does not exceed the “safe” concentration level. Constant presence of
odours can indicate a ventilation problem.
Symptoms of a poor ventilation problem include scratchy and/or dry throat, itchy irritated eyes, irritated and/or
bloody nose, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and loss of consciousness. Though these symptoms are not
specific enough to rule out other causes, persistent symptoms may indicate the need to examine the ventilation
system.
A ventilation rate of 1 cubic metre/minute per person or a general room change over rate of 12-15 times per
hour, with a minimum of 20 % fresh air introduction, is generally considered adequate for general ventilation of
photographic operations where a moderate to low volume of chemical mixing occurs.
A general rule to follow to minimise odours and air pollutants is to keep lids on storage containers, treatment
containers and processing equipment, whenever possible.
First Aid
General First Aid procedures for overexposure are as follows: when chemicals are splashed onto the skin, flood
the affected skin area with water (see information on contact dermatitis). If skin irritation and redness persist
after skin contact and initial washing, call your local doctor. If a chemical is ingested (swallowed), call the doctor
or your local poison control centre. Do not take anything as a counter-active agent without first seeking medical
advice. If a chemical is splashed into the eye, flush immediately with cool water for at least 15 minutes and seek
immediate medical attention.
In all instances, the MSDS will provide additional information with regard to precautions and safety data.
Contact Dermatitis
Dermatitis is a broad term used to describe skin inflammation of any kind. Dermatitis can be caused by direct irritants like
acids, alkalis, solvents and soaps. Dermatitis can also be due to sensitises (allergic substances). In the case of sensitises,
dermatitis occurs after repeated contact and can involve a remote or larger skin area than the contacted skin location.
Dermatitis can be the result of a chemical in the workplace or it may be the result of a household chemical, bacteria or plant.
In the case of workers in the photographic industry, dermatitis is usually due to an allergic response (caused by a sensitising
chemical) after prolonged or repeated contact with the chemical. The precautionary health hazard information on the MSDS
indicates whether the chemical or chemical solution will cause adverse skin reactions and if that chemical is considered a
sensitise.

PROCESS SOLUTION PREPARATION
Water
Typically, standard tap water is acceptable for solution preparation. When well water is used for mixing chemical
solutions, water analysis and testing should be considered as a check for water hardness, dissolved solids and
other impurities. Depending upon water quality, softening or deionising water to prepare chemical solutions may
be necessary. It is essential that filters (25 micron rating) be used in water supply systems.
Mixing tanks
Use of Separate Mixing Tanks
Use of separate chemical mixing tanks for each of the three following mixing groups is recommended :
A. First Developer, First Developer Replenisher; Colour Developer, Colour Developer Replenisher.
B. Bleach, Bleach Replenisher; Fixer, Fixer Replenisher.
C. Reversal Bath, Reversal Bath Replenisher; Conditioner, Conditioner Replenisher; Stabiliser, Stabiliser
Replenisher.
It is recommended that three mixing tanks be used:
one for First Developer and Colour Developer, one
for Bleach and Fixer and one for all other chemicals
in the process. If only two tanks are available, use
one for First Developer and Colour Developer and
one for all other chemicals. If a single mixing tank
must be used for all solutions, it must be triple
rinsed with warm water. Be certain that all rinse
water is drained from mixing tank, delivery pump
and hose prior to next use to prevent process
contamination.
Chemical Mixing Tank Shapes, Sizes and

Materials
Chemical mixing tank materials must be highly chemical resistant and strong enough to resist flexing under the
weight of chemical solutions. All mixing tanks should be shaped for easy draining and transfer of chemical
solutions.
Material: hard vinyl chloride or stainless steel. To maintain

volume accuracy, mixing containers should be resistant to
expansion.
Size: 5 – 20% greater than the volume being mixed.
Shape: Cylindrical.
Mixing: Use a pump or impeller for induced agitation or use a
manual mixing paddle that insures complete top to bottom mixing.

Calibration marks
Accurately calibrated solution level marks should be clearly inscribed on the
inner walls of all chemical mixing tanks. Portable mixing tanks should only be
used on level surfaces to insure accurate solution levels.
Pre-calibrated tank graduations may be inaccurate. It is recommended that the
pre-calibrated graduation marks be verified for accuracy.
Chemical Mixing Precautions

For optimum process results, it is necessary that mixing instructions provided be
followed to insure accurate measuring and mixing of all process solutions.
Water Temperature
It is important that specified water temperatures be maintained when mixing chemical concentrates. Excessive
high temperatures may change chemical properties. Low temperatures may cause insufficient solution mixing.
Chemical Mixing
When mixing chemical concentrates the stirring action should insure uniformed mixing from tank top to bottom.
For large batch mixing, a propeller type mixer may be used to insure
proper solution mix. Care should be taken to minimise the introduction
of air into solution.
Chemical Mixing Sequence

Always add water to mixing tank first. When mixing Colour Developer
Replenisher, it should be noted that proper sequence of mixing Part A
and Part B should be followed to achieve proper mixing. Chemical
precipitates may form should Colour Developer Part A and B
concentrates come in contact with each other prior to dilution with
water. Some precipitates may not properly re-dissolve with dilution.
Dissolving Chemical Precipitates

Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures may produce
crystalline precipitates in concentrates. These
precipitates do not affect prepared solution
performance as long as they are completely re-dissolved
by warming the affected containers prior to mixing. To
do so, immerse the entire concentrate container in a
warm water bath. Warm water can be added to any
chemical crystal residue that may remain in any
chemical cube or bottle. Be certain that the total
amount of water added does not exceed the
recommended volume needed to create a properly
mixed solution.

Chemical Mixing Procedures
Recommended solution preparation procedures may be found below. For further information please see either
the Fuji Hunt Pro6 Technical Bulletin, or the instructions packaged with the chemistry :
TABLE 6: SOLUTION / MIXING PROCEDURE
Pro6 First Developer Replenisher.

Pro6 First Developer Replenisher LR.
• Fill the mixing tank with a volume of water at 20-30°C that equals 75% of
the desired total mix volume.
• Add First Developer or First Developer LR concentrate at the rate of 200
ml/l to the mixing tank. Stir gently.
• Rinse the chemical container with water to remove the last traces of
concentrate. Add rinse to the mixing tank.
• Add water to the mixing tank to bring the total solution level to the desired
total volume. Stir gently until mix is uniform.
Pro6 First Developer Working Tank.

• Fill the First Developer machine working tank with a known volume of First
Developer Replenisher.
• Using a graduated cylinder, measure a volume of Pro6 First Developer
Starter at a rate of 5 ml/l of tank solution volume. Pour in Starter.
• Add a small amount of water to the graduated cylinder to remove the last
traces of Starter. Pour into tank solution and re-circulate until uniform.
Pro6 First Developer LR Working Tank.
• Fill the First Developer machine working tank with a known volume of First
Developer Replenisher LR.
• Using a graduated cylinder, measure a volume of Pro6 First Developer
Starter LR at a rate of 5 ml/l of tank solution volume. Pour in Starter.
traces of Starter. Pour into tank solution and re-circulate until uniform.

Pro6 Reversal Bath Replenisher
• Add the Reversal Bath concentrate at a rate of 50 ml/l to the mixing tank.
Stir gently.
total volume. Stir gently until solution is uniform. Do not overmix.
Pro6 Reversal Bath Working Tank.

• Fill the Reversal Bath machine working tank with 80% of the machine tank
volume of Reversal Bath Replenisher.
total volume and re-circulate until uniform. Do not overmix.
• Alternatively, fill the Reversal Bath machine working tank with about 70% of
the machine tank volume of water at 20-30°C, and add the calculated
volume of Reversal Bath concentrate for the tank, with stirring. Add water
to the mixing tank to bring the total solution level to the desired total
volume. Stir gently until solution is uniform. Do not overmix.

Pro6 Colour Developer Replenisher

• Add the Colour Developer concentrate Part A at 200 ml/l to the mixing
tank. Stir well.
• Add the Colour Developer concentrate Part B at 200 ml/l to the mixing
tank. Stir well.
• Rinse each chemical container in sequence with water to remove the last
traces of concentrate. Add rinse to the mixing tank.
total volume. Stir well until mix is uniform. Do not overmix.
Pro6 Colour Developer Working Tank Universal
• Fill the Colour Developer machine working tank with 90% of the known
tank volume of Colour Developer Replenisher.
• Add 10% of the known tank volume of water to the Colour Developer
working tank.
• Using a graduated cylinder, measure a volume of Pro6 Universal Colour
Developer Starter at the rate of 5 ml/l of tank solution. Add Starter.
• Add a small amount of water to the graduate cylinder to remove the last
traces of Starter. Add to tank solution and re-circulate until uniform. Do
not overmix.
Pro6 Colour Developer Replenisher LR

• Add the Colour Developer LR concentrate Part A at 200 ml/l to the mixing
tank. Stir well.
• Add the Colour Developer LR concentrate Part B at 200 ml/l to the mixing
tank. Stir well.
• Rinse each chemical container in sequence with water to remove the last
traces of concentrate. Add rinse to the mixing tank.
Add water to the mixing tank to bring the total solution level to the desired
total volume. Stir well until mix is uniform. Do not overmix.

Pro6 Colour Developer LR Working Tank Universal Colour
Developer Starter,
• Fill the Colour Developer machine working tank with 75% of the known 9ml/litre
tank volume of Colour Developer Replenisher LR.
• Add 24% of the known tank volume of water to the Colour Developer
working tank.
• Using a graduated cylinder, measure a volume of Pro6 Universal Colour
Developer Starter at the rate of 9 ml/l of tank solution. Add the Starter.
Add a small amount of water to the graduate cylinder to remove the last traces
of Starter. Add to tank solution and re-circulate until uniform. Do not overmix.
Pro6 Pre-Bleach 2 Replenisher and Working Tank

• Add the Pre-Bleach 2 concentrate at a rate of 100 ml/l to the mixing tank.
Stir gently.
total volume. Stir gently until mix is uniform. Do not overmix.
Pro6 Conditioner Replenisher and Working Tank

• Add the Conditioner concentrate at a rate of 200 ml/l to the mixing tank.
Stir gently.
total volume. Stir gently until mix is uniform. Do not overmix.

Pro6 Bleach Replenisher

• The Bleach Replenisher is to be used undiluted.*
Note:
To compensate for working tank evaporation, the replenisher may be diluted
with water. The aim is to maintain a working tank specific gravity of 1.170 –
1.210 (38°C). If dilution is used, the replenishment rate should be increased in
equal proportion to the rate of dilution (10% dilution = 10% rate increase). In
extreme cases, dilution may be increased to 20% or even 30%, with an
appropriate increase in replenishment rate. Beware however that if production
volumes return to high levels, then running with an excessively diluted
replenisher may lead to having a dilute Bleach in the working tank, causing
retained silver problems.
Pro6 Bleach Working Tank

the known tank volume.
• Using a graduated cylinder, measure a volume of Pro6 Bleach Starter at the
rate of 20 ml/l of tank volume. Pour in Starter.
traces of Starter. Add to tank.
• Fill the Bleach machine working tank with 50% of the known tank volume of
Bleach Replenisher.
• Add water to the tank to increase the solution level just to overflow level.
Re-circulate until solution is uniform. Aeration is recommended before
processing.
Unimatic Fixer Replenisher and Working Tank

• Add the Fixer concentrate at 100 ml/l to the mixing tank. Stir gently.
total volume. Stir gently until solution is uniform. Do not overmix.
• Unilec Fixer may be used in place of Unimatic Fixer for all pack sizes except
for cubes. Unilec Fixer is not available in 20L cubes.

Pro6 Final Rinse Replenisher and Working Tank

• Add the Final Rinse concentrate at 10 ml/l to the mixing tank. Stir gently.
Pro6 Stabiliser Replenisher and Working Tank

• Add the Stabiliser concentrate at 15.6 ml/l to the mixing tank. Stir gently.
Process Solution pH and Density (Specific Gravity)

It is recommended that the density of all freshly prepared solutions (except Final Rinse and Stabiliser) be
measured, and that those measurements be verified against the table below for solution mix accuracy.
Measurements for the density of working tank solutions should be taken daily to ensure optimum process
control.
The solution pH value should be occasionally verified with the use of a high quality pH meter. The pH of the tank
and replenisher solutions should be within specifications, but pH should not be used as a process control tool.
If the values for density and/or pH fall outside normal working tolerances, the photographic process will be
adversely affected.

TABLE 7: RECOMMENDED FRESH REPLENISHER AND WORKING TANK pH AND
DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY)
SOLUTION REPLENISHER FRESH WORKING TANK
pH @ 25°C Density @ 20°C pH @ 25°C Density @
38.0°C
First Developer 9.70 ± 0.05 1.062 ± 0.003 9.60 ± 0.05 1.057 ± 0.003
First Developer LR 9.73 ± 0.05 1.062 ± 0.003 9.62 ± 0.05 1.057 ± 0.003
Reversal Bath 5.75 ± 0.10 1.011 ± 0.002 5.75 ± 0.10 1.005 ± 0.002
Colour Developer 12.25 ± 0.05 1.040 ± 0.003 11.95 ± 0.05 1.032 ± 0.003
Colour Developer LR 12.42 ± 0.05 1.044 ± 0.003 11.95 ± 0.05 1.029 ±0.003
Pre-Bleach 2 6.20 ± 0.10 1.019 ± 0.003 6.20 ± 0.10 1.015 ± 0.003
Conditioner 6.15 ± 0.10 1.010 ± 0.003 6.15 ± 0.10 1.006 ± 0.003
Bleach 5.45 ± 0.10 1.259 ± 0.005 5.65 ± 0.10 1.128 ± 0.005
Fixer – Unilec 7.50 ± 0.20 1.049 ± 0.010 7.50 ± 0.20 1.044 ± 0.010
Fixer – Unimatic 6.50 ± 0.20 1.040 ± 0.010 6.50 ± 0.20 1.035 ± 0.010
Final Rinse - ~0.999 - 0.998 ± 0.003
Stabiliser - ~0.999 - 0.998 ± 0.003
TABLE 7a: SEASONED TANK SOLUTION pH AND DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY)
pH Density (g/cm³)
(25°C) (20°C) (25°C) (38°C)
(1)
First Developer 9.65 ± 0.05 1.065 ± 0.003 1.064 ± 0.003 1.060 ± 0.003
First Developer LR 9.68 ± 0.05 1.065 ± 0.003 1.064 ± 0.003 1.060 ± 0.003
Reversal Bath 5.90 ± 0.10 1.012 ± 0.003 1.011 ± 0.003 1.008 ± 0.003
Colour Developer (2) 11.95 ± 0.05 1.037 ± 0.003 1.036 ± 0.003 1.032 ± 0.003
Colour Developer 11.95 ± 0.05 1.041 ± 0.003 1.040 ± 0.003 1.036 ± 0.003
Pre-Bleach 2 6.70 ± 0.30 1.022 ± 0.003 1.021 ± 0.003 1.018 ± 0.003

(3)
Conditioner 6.50 ± 0.30 1.013 ± 0.003 1.012 ± 0.003 1.009 ± 0.003
Bleach 5.80 ± 0.25 1.185 ± 0.045 1.184 ± 0.045 1.179 ± 0.045
Unilec Fixer 6.70 ± 0.50 1.065 ± 0.020 1.064 ± 0.020 1.060 ± 0.020
Unimatic Fixer 6.50 ± 0.50 1.065 ± 0.020 1.064 ± 0.020 1.060 ± 0.020
Final Rinse No spec. No spec. No spec. No spec.
Stabiliser No spec. No spec. No spec. No spec.

The above specifications are suitable for most E6 processors and film emulsions. However, occasionally it may be found
that some film types on processing conditions require slightly different specifications. If in doubt please consult your local
Fuji Hunt technician.
(1)
Pro6 First Developer Regenerator:
Specifications for pH are the same as for the standard product Pro6 First Developer.
The density values for seasoned solutions must be kept within following tolerances :
Density g/cm³
(20°C) (25°C) (38°C)
Seasoned tank solution 1.065 ± 0.003 1.064 ± 0.003 1.060 ± 0.003
Replenisher solution 1.062 ± 0.003 1.061 ± 0.003 /
(2)
Pro6 Colour Developer Regenerator:
Specifications for pH must be kept within the tolerances set for the standard product Pro6 Colour
Developer Replenisher. However, according to your "Colour balance" target, the pH tolerances of the
rebuilt replenisher can be adjusted accordingly.
The density values for seasoned, rebuilt Pro6 Colour Developer Replenisher will differ depending on the
rebuilding ratio applied at your lab.
Consult your local Fuji Hunt technician for more detailed information.
(3)
Conditioner 4 Plus:
Specifications for pH and Density are the same as for the standard product Pro6 Conditioner.

PROCESS SOLUTION STORAGE
Solution Storage
Because all chemical solutions can be affected by air, there are
certain recommendations for proper storage of all chemical
replenisher solutions.
All solution storage containers should be equipped with floating
lids and tank covers for protection against dust/dirt, evaporation
and excessive chemical oxidation. Chemicals existing in
replenishers and working tank solutions may precipitate out of
solution at temperatures below 4°C. Therefore, it is
recommended that mixed chemical solutions be stored at
temperatures above 16°C and below 30°C . Storage in
temperatures exceeding 30°C may degrade solution performance.
For best results, do not use solutions that have been stored for
periods longer than those indicated in the table below or those
stored in adverse conditions described above.
TABLE 8: PROCESS SOLUTION AND REPLENISHER SHELF LIFE

SOLUTIONS WITH FLOATING LIDS WITHOUT FLOATING
LIDS
Fresh Solutions Seasoned Solutions All Solutions
First Developer 6 Weeks 3 Weeks 1 Week
First Developer Replenisher 6 Weeks - 1 Week
Reversal Bath 6 Weeks 3 Weeks 1 Week
Reversal Bath Replenisher 6 Weeks - 1 Week
Colour Developer 6 Weeks 3 Weeks 1 Week
Colour Developer Replenisher 6 Weeks - 1 Week
Pre-Bleach 2 6 weeks 3 weeks 1 week

Pre-Bleach 2 Replenisher 6 weeks - 1 week
Conditioner 6 Weeks 3 Weeks 1 Week
Conditioner Replenisher 6 Weeks - 1 Week
All Other Solutions 24 Weeks 12-16 Weeks 8-12 Weeks
These recommended figures are based on full tanks. As the surface to volume ratio increases, oxidation accelerates.
Waste Water and Solution Treatment

If waste water and chemical solutions are to be discharged into public sewer systems, be certain that the
combined effluent falls within the acceptable local code discharge limits.
If it is not possible to operate within the recommended discharge limits, a licensed independent waste hauling
and treatment facility should be contacted to guarantee correct and safe disposal.

III. PROCESS QUALITY CONTROL
PROCESS QUALITY CONTROL OBJECTIVES AND EFFECTS PAGE 31
PROCESS STEP MONITORING PAGE 31
Process Solution Checks Page 31

Solution Conditions Page 31
Table 9 – Process Solution Conditions
Density (Specific Gravity) Measurements/Intervals
Table 10 – Density Intervals
Standard Seasoned Tank Density and pH Values
Table 11 – Density and pH of Seasoned Working Tank Solutions
Density Adjustments
Wash Water Checks Page 35
Wash Water Quality
Wash Water Flow Rate
Wash Water Temperature
Processor Inspection Page 36
Table 12 – Processor Inspection Check List (All Machine Types)
Table 13 – Processor Inspection Check List (Specific Machine Types)
Other Process Checks Page 36
Throughput
Replenisher Consumption
Machine Standby Time
PROCESSING INSPECTION CHECK LIST PAGE 37
MONITORING PROCESS QUALITY PAGE 39
Processing Quality Page 39

Table 14 – Factors Affecting Processing Quality
Physical Factors Page 39

Sensitometric Factors
Density Measurements
Table 15 – Control Strip Density Measurement
Control Value Calculation, Plotting and Checking
Table 16 – Control Value Action and Control Limits
Process Control Fundamentals Page 41

Table 17 – Process Check Flow

III. PROCESS QUALITY CONTROL
PROCESS QUALITY CONTROL OBJECTIVES AND EFFECTS
For purposes of this manual, the phrase "quality control" refers to actions taken during systematic Process Pro6
monitoring that produces high quality results on Fujichrome and other process Pro6/E-6 compatible colour
reversal films. Unless the process is properly monitored and controlled within specific limits, it may become
necessary to periodically stop commercial processing to bring process conditions back into control. Frequent
process interruptions may increase production costs and may make it difficult to meet production schedules. To
provide prompt and high quality processing of customer film at the lowest possible cost, it is essential that the
Pro6 process be systematically monitored and controlled to within specific limits. These process control actions
involve three sets of standard procedures :
1. Process condition evaluation procedure

2. Process result evaluation procedure
3. Problem detection and elimination procedure
This section describes the standard process and quality control procedures required to obtain optimum results
with all process Pro6/E-6 compatible colour reversal films.
Practising process quality control as a standard operating procedure insures optimum results for your customers.
When process condition evaluation is needed, please refer to the Process Check Sheets and the Process
Solution Control Chart contained in Appendix 1.
PROCESS STEP MONITORING
Processing Solution Checks

Processing solutions should be checked daily for variations in process conditions. It is recommended that these
results be recorded to monitor trends in process control. This record will enable process operators to acquire a
full understanding of process solutions and conditions. The Fuji Hunt OASIS Pro Compact (or OASIS Pro)
program is ideal for this purpose.
Solution Conditions
It is suggested that at the beginning of each day tank solutions be checked for condition changes. Typical
processing solution problems are listed in Table 9.
Note: For our purposes, "solution condition" refers to the visually confirmed state of various processing
solutions. The visual inspection checks are relative to colour, cloudiness, precipitation and floating matter. All
tank solutions are susceptible to colour change because of process volume and solution carry-in. This is
particularly true for First Developer, Colour Developer and Fixer. This change may be a daily occurrence and
usually will not affect process solution properties as long as process control is maintained. In the same regard,
colour shifts may be related to certain solution problems. Solution condition changes provide important clues to
the diagnosis and location of problems. It is recommended that all solutions be carefully checked on a regular
basis, and that changes in process conditions be recorded in detail.

TABLE 9: PROCESS SOLUTION CONDITION
SOLUTION NORMAL ABNORMAL PROBABLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE/
CONDITION CONDITION PREVENTATIVE
ACTION
First Developer • Light yellow • Dark brown • Storage life exceeded • Clean/replace with fresh
and/or Replenisher through light • Precipitate First Developer
brown to light • Under-replenished • Confirm/adjust
Also valid for First red/brown(variable replenishment rate
Developer LR- )* • Accumulated film chips • Clean filter and/or change
product range. tank solution
• Film emulsion • Do not tear film from
spool
Reversal Bath • Colourless • Cloudy • Storage life exceeded • Replace with fresh
and/or Replenisher • Pale yellow • Algae growth Reversal Bath
• Under-replenishment • Confirm/adjust
replenishment rate
Colour Developer • Yellow brown to • Dark red-brown • Storage life exceeded • Clean/replace with fresh
and/or Replenisher red-brown oily/tarry matter Colour Developer
Also valid for (seasoned) • Under-replenishment • Confirm/adjust
Colour Developer • Purple (fresh) replenishment rate
LR-product range • Chemical mix error • Confirm mix instructions
and remix
Colour Developer • Light Yellow • Dark amber • Store chemicals in cool,

Part A dark place
Colour Developer • Yellow-brown • Red-brown to • Storage life exceeded • Small amounts of

Part B • Odour: sulphur black chemicals should not be
dioxide stored for prolonged
periods
Pre-Bleach 2 Tank • Colourless • No odour • Storage life exceeded • Replace with fresh Pre-
and / or • Mild odour. • Under-replenishment Bleach 2
Replenisher • Confirm/adjust
replenishment rate
Conditioner and/or • Colourless • No odour • Storage life exceeded • Replace with fresh
Replenisher • Mild odour • Under-replenishment Conditioner
• Confirm/adjust
replenishment rate
Bleach and/or • Dark red

Replenisher
Fixer and/or • Colourless • Yellow, black or • Storage life exceeded • Replace with fresh Fixer
Replenisher (Replenisher) to white precipitate • Under-replenishment • Confirm/adjust
dark red (tank) • Excessive aeration replenishment rate
• Odour: mild • Decrease air burst rate (if
ammonia applicable)

Final Rinse Tank
and / or Clear , yellow • Pink-cloudy • Under-replenishment • Replace Final Rinse tank
Replenisher. every week
Stabiliser and/or • Colourless • Pink-cloudy • Under-replenishment • Replace Stabiliser tank

Replenisher • Odour: every week
formaldehyde
First Developer • Slightly yellow to • Yellow-brown to • Storage life exceeded • Replace with fresh starter
and Colour light red red-brown
Developer Starter
Bleach Starter • Colourless

*: Variation may occur based on actual type and volume of film processed.
Note: In situations with formation of algae, mildew or other precipitates, it is recommended that the affected tank be thoroughly
cleaned and triple rinsed with hot water. The Reversal Bath tank may be treated with a solution of 50 ml of household chlorine
bleach added to 950 ml of water prior to triple rinsing.
Density (Specific Gravity) Measurement Intervals (For Seasoned Working Tank)
Checking solution specific gravity at regular intervals, as indicated below, will help maintain proper solution
performance. Specific gravity measurements should be recorded on the Pro6 Process Solution Control Chart.
TABLE 10: PROCESSING STEPS

SOLUTION RECOMMENDED MEASUREMENT INTERVALS
First Developer
Every Day
Colour Developer
Reversal Bath
Conditioner
Bleach Every 3 Days
Fixer
Note: Measurements obtained should be recorded on the daily Process Solution Control Chart or in the Tank
Checks section of the Fuji Hunt OASIS Pro Compact or OASIS Pro programs.
Standard Seasoned Tank Density (Specific Gravity) and pH Values
The seasoned solutions can be considered within specification if their density and pH values are within the ranges
indicated in Table 11.
Seasoned solution specific gravity values should be measured with care. The correct procedure to verify solution
density is indicated in Appendix 6.

TABLE 11: DENSITY AND pH OF PRO6 SEASONED WORKING TANK SOLUTIONS
SOLUTION DENSITY - @ 38.0°C PH - @ 25°C
First Developer 1.060 ± 0.003 9.65 ± 0.05
First Developer LR 1.060 ± 0.003 9.68 ± 0.05
Reversal Bath 1.008 ± 0.003 5.90 ± 0.10
Colour Developer 1.032 ± 0.003 11.95 ± 0.05
Colour Developer LR 1.036 ± 0.003 11.95 ± 0.05
Pre-Bleach 2 1.018 ± 0.003 6.70 ± 0.30
Conditioner 1.009 ± 0.003 6.50 ± 0.30
Bleach 1.134 – 1.224 5.80 ± 0.25
Fixer – Unilec 1.040 – 1.080 6.70 ± 0.50
Fixer – Unimatic 1.040 – 1.080 6.50 ± 0.50
Stabiliser 0.998 ± 0.003 Not required
Density may vary based on actual carry-over from previous process tank.
Note: pH should be monitored as a reference value only, not as a control tool.

Density of seasoned tank solutions may vary based on solution carry-over rates.
In very high or low volume operations, a wider range (± 0.006) for seasoned tank specific gravity control is
permissible. Note that once a stable operating condition has been reached in the processor, First and Colour
Developer working tank density should be maintained within ± 0.001 of the normal value for optimum process
stability.
Density (Specific Gravity) Adjustments

Correcting a Rise in Tank Solution Density
Tank solution density may rise above tolerance limits when processor utilisation is low compared to processor
tempering periods. When this condition exists, it may be necessary to dilute tank solutions with water to lower
their density to within tolerance limits. When adjusting tank solution density, use the formula given below to
calculate the solution volume to be replaced with water. Then remove the calculated volume of the tank solution
and add an equal volume of water to the tank. Re-circulate the tank solution until uniform. Verify the density to
ensure that the adjustment was correctly performed.
V (Litres) = Tank Volume (Litres) x A – B

A – 1.000
Example :
100 Litres x 1.061 – 1.058 = 4.92 Litres
1.061 – 1.000
A = Concentrated solution density

B = Desired solution density (AIM)
V = Volume of tank solution to be removed and volume of water to be added

It is suggested that you never add the full quantity of water suggested by this (accurate) calculation. It is easy to
add more if you have not added enough; it is not so easy to take out water added in error. As a guide, perhaps
add half of the calculated water addition. It is easy to make a small error when measuring bath density – or to
make some other mistake – so be safe rather than sorry.
Therefore recommended water addition (∼ 50% of calculated = 2.5 litres).
Correcting a Decrease in Tank Solution Density

When excessive water enters the processing tank, the tank solution density may drop below tolerance limits.
Use the following procedure to correct low density values :
1. Remove 500 ml of tank solution and place in a tall one litre graduate.
2. Place the correct solution hydrometer in the graduate. Confirm the solution density.
3. Slowly add solution concentrate to the volume in the graduate, stirring gently while closely monitoring the
change in the density. (For Colour Developer, equal parts of A and B must be added).
4. When the correct solution density is achieved, calculate the volume of concentrate added to the graduate
volume to determine the amount of concentrate to be added to the tank volume.
5. Add this amount of concentrate to each 500 ml of tank solution. (for Colour Developer, equal parts of A
and B must be added).
6. Let the tank solution re-circulate and verify the density of the adjusted tank solution.
Wash Water Checks
Wash Water Quality

Tap water is generally suitable as wash water. When well water is used, it must be tested for purity and
compliance with photographic standards since it may contain minute solid particles (i.e. excess iron, calcium,
other metals) or other impurities. It is essential that a 25 micron filter be installed in the water supply line before
the flow meter. Clean wash water plays an important part in continually producing quality colour transparencies.
Wash Water Flow Rate

Wash water effectiveness may vary with tank capacity, throughput volume and wash water flow rate. The typical
wash rate is 41 L/m² for the first wash and 82 L/m² for the second wash. If the machine manufacturer's
recommendations for wash water flow rates differ from the typical wash rate, use the greater of the two rates.
Note: When the wash water flow rate is below specification, the film-related solution carry-over concentrations
in the water will gradually increase. As a result, process solution components may not be completely removed
from the film and may be carried over into the next process solution. These carry-over contaminants may
produce adverse effects over a period of time in finished films. Low, ineffective wash water rates will cause poor
film stability resulting in faded and/or discoloured film.
Wash Water Temperature

A mixing valve should be installed in the water supply line to maintain a constant water temperature between 33-
39°C. The processor's incoming water temperature should be monitored and confirmed on a daily basis prior to
the start of each day's workload. Excessive variations in first wash temperatures may affect film quality. Low, high
or inconsistent wash water temperatures may result in adverse photographic results (i.e.: stain, density (speed),
colour balance, mottling, etc.).

Processor Inspection
The film processor(s) should be periodically inspected, as suggested in Table 12 and Table 13. Inspection results
should be recorded on the Process Check Sheet (see Appendix 1). These results may correspond to process
control problems recorded on the daily control chart.
Processing should start only after quality processing conditions are confirmed. Variations in processor conditions
will result in photographic property variations. The check sheet provides a reliable means of ensuring that the
processor is in control. Also, the check sheet will be of help in detecting and diagnosing process problems.
Other Process Checks

It is recommended that the following items be checked at the end of each day with daily results recorded on the
Process Control Sheet :
Throughput
It is recommended that confirmation of daily film throughput be checked. These figures are important for
many reasons. They allow for consumption of replenishment volumes to be compared to actual film
throughput, so that confirmation of replenishment system operation can be made. They provide criteria
for determining fine replenishment rate adjustments for all solutions, helping to reduce chemical
consumption and cost. They will also assist the chemical mixing personnel in laying out a rational
replenishment preparation schedule.
Replenisher Consumption
Replenishment compensates for processing solution exhaustion, aerial oxidation and loss by carry-out and
evaporation. It also maintains uniform solution concentration by diluting chemicals released by processed
film (film by-products). The replenisher volumes consumed should be accurately determined at the end of
each day. The volume should correlate with the film area processed to ensure that the replenishment
systems are functioning properly. Accurate replenishment, promotes consistent photographic results.
Replenishment rate variations should be kept to a minimum since they adversely affect processing results.
The replenishment consumption for the First and Colour Developer should be maintained within ± 2% of
specification while all other solutions should be replenished as recommended.
Machine Standby Time

All process solutions become less stable at higher temperatures. Excessively long standby time, without
film throughput, will result in changes in solution activity, concentrations and specific gravity. Therefore, if
service and use requirements allow, it is highly recommended that heaters and pumps be turned off when
no film processing is anticipated for an extended period of time.

TABLE 12: PROCESSING INSPECTION CHECK LIST (ALL TYPES)
PROCESSOR CHECK CHECK RECOMMENDED COMMENTS

RATE MAINTENANCE
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
• Solution temperature Daily • Clean solution temperature Foreign matter deposited on solution
control heaters/thermostats. temperature control heaters and
• Solution levels Daily • Note solution levels after thermostats can be the cause of
adjusting solution temperatures. inaccurate/uneven solution
temperatures resulting in a loss of
process quality.
Evaporation will vary based on specific
operating conditions and machine type.
All solution levels should be checked
after specified temperature is set.
CIRCULATION
• Circulation rates, circulation Daily • Drain tanks and save process When air is drawn into circulation
systems. solutions. Remove filters from systems, solutions may become
• Filter clogging. (Exercise Weekly circulation systems. Fill empty exhausted beyond use. Using a flow
special care for First and processor tanks with water at meter or pressure gauge in the
Colour Developers). 40°C. Scrub tank walls. Operate developer circulation systems may help
re-circulation system for 15 to determine when filters are clogged.
minutes. In particular, if cleaning When circulation is reduced, the tank
FD or Fixer tanks, ensure tanks solution temperatures may become
and circulation systems are very inaccurate. Unfavourable film
thoroughly cleaned before processing may result.
refilling, and the solutions
should ideally be filtered while
being pumped back into the
tanks. If not fully cleaned, black
spots on the films can result.
• Replace tank filters with 25
micron filters; FD and CD every
2-3 weeks. All others: monthly.
Use only poly-ethylene or
polypropylene. (Nylon, cotton
or metal screen filters are not
suitable or recommended).
REPLENISHMENT
• Replenishment systems (Pipe, Monthly • Remove chemical build-up in Under or over replenishment will
clogging, leaks) replenishment pumps and in adversely affect photographic
• Verify replenishment rate Monthly replenishment strainers. properties. Consistent replenishment
specifications rates help ensure consistent process
results.
DRYING
• Dirt and dust particles in Weekly • Clean the interior of the dryer Improper drying conditions may result
dryer assembly. section and air filter. in film curling and kink marks.
• Drying air temperature. Weekly • The dryer temperature should Drying air temperature and humidity
• Drying air humidity. Weekly be kept @ 55 °C or lower. must be monitored to ensure even
drying.

TABLE 13: PROCESSING INSPECTION CHECK LIST (SPECIFIC TYPES)
PROCESSOR CHECK CHECK RECOMMENDED COMMENTS
RATE MAINTENANCE
SQUEEGEES (CINE PROCESSORS)
• Check spring clips and Daily • Wash wiper blades every day Faulty spring wiper blades and worn
spring on wiper blades. when they are checked. Replace spring clips can cause film scratches and
• Final squeegee. Daily worn or inefficient blades. uneven processing. Solution carry-over
• Inspect film and control strips for may adversely affect photographic
scratches. properties.
GASEOUS BURST AGITATION (RACK AND TANK PROCESSORS)

• Gas contamination with oil- Daily • Clean gas filter/distributor lines. Oil clinging to film surface, erratic gas
based substance. • On hanger processors, the burst bursts (too weak, too strong or
• Burst pressure, duration. Daily rate should be adjusted so that uneven) and excessive foaming may
small bubbles are produced. result in uneven processing. Apply a
Gaseous bursts should raise the very small amount of defoamer to a
solution level 1.5 cm. Make sure clean, dry surface above the highest
films do not come in contact with solution line if excessive foaming is
each other. Provide a 1.5-2 apparent.
seconds on / 8 seconds off burst
rate.
FILM RACK TRANSPORT (RACK AND TANK PROCESSORS)

• Elevator frames, transport Daily • Follow equipment manufacturers' If the hanger is not properly
frames, dryer transport. recommended maintenance. transported, film surface scratches,
• Abnormal noise. Daily • Identify/correct noise. uneven processing and adverse
• Limit switches. Weekly • Adjust limit switches. photographic properties may result.
• Elevator and communication Weekly • Check chains for excessive slack. Erratic hanger transport may cause
chains. processor damage.
FILM RACK AND FILM CLIP (RACK AND TANK PROCESSORS)

• Film rack and film clip. Daily • Adjust/clean hangers and clips. Hanger and clips should be washed
with hot water after each use to
minimise foam in the first developer.
Residual chemicals on hangers and clips
may cause uneven processing and
streaking.
FILM TRANSPORT (RACK AND TANK/ROLLER TRANSPORT

PROCESSORS)
• Rotation, wear and damage Weekly • Replace worn or damaged parts. If rollers are worn or damaged,
to rollers. scratches and improper film transport
• Chemical residue on rollers. Weekly • Clean rollers. may occur.
• Twisting, overlapping or Weekly • Clean rollers and rack transport. Improperly threaded leaders may cause
crooked film run. film to overlap or twist in transport
causing film to scratch or crease.

MONITORING PROCESS QUALITY
Processing Quality
As indicated in Table 14, processing quality is affected by two different categories of factors; physical and
sensitometric. To ensure optimum processing quality it is necessary to acquire familiarity with all related factors.
TABLE 14: FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESSING QUALITY

PHYSICAL FACTORS SENSITOMETRIC FACTORS
− Scratches; Kinks − Density (Speed)
− Uneven Development − Gradation (Contrast)
− Drying Marks; Spots − Colour Balance
− Severe Curl (Excessive Drying) − Stain
− Inefficient Drying − Low Maximum Density
− Dirt and Dust Deposits
− Water Marks
Physical Factors
Physical factors can be identified through careful visual inspection. Finished film should be examined carefully. The
cause of any problems detected should be identified and corrected immediately.
Sensitometric factors
Control Strips and Control Limits
In order to maintain a continuing check on process performance, film strips, which have been accurately exposed
to a fixed pattern, are used. These strips are processed in the same manner as customer films and the results are
measured by a densitometer to determine whether they are within specified control limits.
Fujichrome CR56/Pro6 Process Control Strips are available for this purpose. When a variety of films are being
processed, control strips from all manufacturers of processed films should be evaluated to determine which
control strips may be most suitable for process control of all films processed.
Note: For purposes of overall process control, visual inspection of camera exposed processed films alone is not
adequate for complete process monitoring and control.
Process Control Strip Specifications
As viewed from the emulsion side (Unit = mm).

The criteria for evaluating process performance includes action limits and control limits.
Action limits refers to control areas within the process that must be maintained to insure quality results. It is
therefore necessary to maintain the process so that it always results in control values that remain within the
action limits. If the process drifts out of the action limits, corrections must be made to return process conditions
to normal. Film processing may continue as corrective actions are taken.

Control Limits refers to absolute tolerance limits. When control limits are exceeded, customer film processing
should be stopped until corrective action is taken. Unsatisfactory film quality will result from film processed
under conditions where control limits are exceeded. It is essential to monitor and chart daily processing plots to
maintain control values within the control limits.
After control strips are processed, the indicated portions in the Control Strip Diagram and Table 15 are
measured with a precision densitometer.
TABLE 15: CONTROL STRIP DENSITY MEASUREMENT

GREY SCALE STEP DENSITY AT POINT PURPOSE
OF MEASUREMENT
D-Max Maximum Density Check for fog, silver retention, dye formation.
High Density (Step 5) About 2.0 Check for shadow gradation, colour balance.
Low Density (Step 3) About 1.0 Check for speed and colour balance.
Toe Density (Step 2) About 0.4 Check for highlight graduation, colour balance.
D-Min Minimum Density Check for stain and silver retention.
Control Value Calculation, Plotting and Checking Control Chart

After density measurements are made, calculate control values from the control strip density measurements
obtained and plot the values on the Process Control Sheet. Use of one of the Fuji Hunt OASIS Pro family of
programs is particularly recommended for this purpose.
A plotted control chart will show whether or not control values are within the action or control limits. The
chart will also show any trends of control values that drift in any particular direction. Detailed procedures for
reading daily control strips are contained in Appendix 2, Process CR56/Pro6 Control Strips.
TABLE 16: CONTROL VALUE ACTION AND CONTROL (TOLERANCE) LIMITS

ACTION LIMITS CONTROL LIMITS
Step Density Colour Balance Value* Densit Colour Balance Value*
y
D-Max - 0.15 - - 0.20 -
High Density (Step 5) ± 0.12 ± 0.10 ± 0.15 ± 0.13
Low Density (Step 3) ± 0.08 ± 0.06 ± 0.10 ± 0.08
Toe Density (Step 2) ± 0.05 ± 0.03 ± 0.08 ± 0.05
D-Min + 0.02 - + 0.03 -
* Differences between the control value for R and G (R minus G) and B and G (B minus G).
Tighter ranges may be required for better process control and consistency, especially when professional films are
processed.

Process Control Fundamentals
Proper process control is essential to achieving the highest quality of work. It consists of the following
fundamental elements :
Maintain Process Specifications

On a regular basis, insure that all process solutions and conditions remain constant and at recommended
specifications.
Physically Inspect Processed Film

Check processed film for physical abnormalities, colour balance and density. Record results on the process check
sheet and process control chart.
Evaluate Process Control Strips

If monitoring results are well within the prescribed action limits and the quality of the work meets the lab's
customer requirements, the process is in control.
Plan Corrective Action

In the event of any process problem, review all process control data and implement the necessary corrective
action immediately. Be familiar with these procedures and the Process Check Flow indicated in Table 17 :
TABLE 17: PROCESS CHECK FLOW

QUALTIY PROCESSING CONDITIONS
PROCESSING WORK
PHYSICAL SENSITOMETRIC
--- CHECKING---
FACTORS FACTORS
DATA RECORDING AND PLOTTING
ANALYSIS
NORMAL ABNORMAL
RETAIN PRESENT DETECT PROBLEM
CONDITION TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION
To Check for Physical and Sensitometric Factors – See Table 14

APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 PAGE 43
Pro6/E-6 Process Check Sheets and Process Solution Control Chart
APPENDIX 2 PAGE 47
Process Pro6/E-6 Monitoring with Fujichrome Control Strips
Blank Sample Charts and Alternative Limits
Plotting and Interpreting Colour Balance Values
APPENDIX 3 PAGE 61
Pro6/E-6 Processing During Low Utilisation Periods
APPENDIX 4 PAGE 65
pH Adjustments/Solution Preparation Procedures
APPENDIX 5 PAGE 66
Replenisher Function and Factors Affecting Tank Solution Composition
APPENDIX 6 PAGE 70
Density and Specific Gravity Measurement Precautions

APPENDIX 1
PRO6 PROCESS CHECK SHEETS AND PROCESSING SOLUTION CONTROL CHART
To ensure highly reliable and consistent process quality control, it is necessary to maintain process condition
data records on a process check sheet. This allows for quick detection of conditions fluctuating from the
standard and permits immediate corrective response to any such condition.
Standard process check sheet examples are explained below and examples are provided on the pages that follow.
It is suggested that copies of these pages be made to be used as worksheets.
Process Check Sheet 1 (Used Every Operating Day)

Process Check Sheet 1 is used to record daily processing conditions at the beginning and end of each
work day. Process specifications will be used in conjunction with control plots to quickly identify process
variations.
Process Check Sheet 2 (Used Every Month)

This check sheet is used mainly for checking automatic processor control conditions. Data entered on this
sheet should be recorded at a regular monthly intervals of time. In addition, process specifications should
be recorded and verified whenever process set-up conditions change, or when the process is subject to
long periods of low or limited use.
Process Solution Control Chart

From the results entered on Process Check Sheet 1, recommended processing solution quality data,
relative to that specific processor, should be recorded on the Processing Solution Control Chart, as the
following example indicates :
First Developer (FD) : temperature, density, and replenishment balance

Reversal Bath (RB) : replenishment balance
Colour Developer (CD) : temperature, density, and replenishment balance
Bleach (BL) : density, replenishment balance
By comparing the Processing Solution Control Chart data against that of the Process Control Sheet, relationships
will be verified. Through the use of these charts and the accurate monitoring of process data, process solution
control can be maintained for consistent high quality results.
Users of the Fuji Hunt OASIS Pro Compact process control program can store much of this data in the Tank
Checks section of the program. Users of the OASIS Pro program can create as many types of solution control
checks as they wish, and all of the above data can be easily stored. Both programs allow easy plotting of (for
example) solution density variations against the aim value, giving you a graph of chemical stability in much the
same way as you can view a process control graph.

PROCESS CHECK SHEET 1 – FOR DAILY CONTROL
Processing Conditions Record Data Prior to the Start of Daily Processing
FD REV. B CD Pre-Bleach BLEACH FIXER Final Rinse WASH DRY
COND STAB
Temperature AM
PM
PH
Density
N2 • Air Burst Agitation
E-circulation Systems
Replenishment Rate (ml/m²)
Solution Condition
Notations
Replenishment Rates Record Data at Conclusion of Work Day

FD REV. B CD Pre-Bleach BLEACH FIXER Final Rinse THROUGHPUT
COND STAB
A: Starting Volume ROLLS m²
B: Addition 135-36x x
C: (A) + (B) 135-24x x
D: Ending Volume 120 x
E: Consumption (C) – (D) 220 x
F: Specified Volume SHEETS m²
G: Replenishment Balance 4x5 x
(E-F ÷ F) x 100 % 8 x 10 x
Notations TOTAL m²
Temperature Adjustment Duration

A.M. P.M. TOTAL
Temperature Adjustments hrs hrs hrs
Solution pH Adjustment For Reference Purpose Only

FD REV. B CD Pre-Bleach BLEACH FIXER Final Rinse
COND STAB
Amount of Additive (Litres)
PH
Density

PROCESS CHECK SHEET 2 – FOR MONTHLY CONTROL
In Solution Time
MEASURED TIME SPECIFIED TIME COMMENTS
First Developer
Colour Developer
Processor Temperatures
PROCESS MEASURED TIME SPECIFIED TIME COMMENTS
STEP
First Developer
Reversal Bath
Colour
Developer
Pre-Bleach 2
Conditioner
Bleach
Fixer
Dryer
Replenishment and Recirculation Systems

PROCESS PUMP RECIRCULATION FILTER PUMP SPECIFIED COMMENTS
STEP RATE FLOW FLOW
RATE RATE
First Developer
Reversal Bath
Colour
Developer
Pre-Bleach 2
Conditioner
Bleach
Fixer
Dryer
Wash Water
WASH 1 WASH 2 TOTAL
Flow Rate (L/min)
Filter

PROCESS PRO6 PROCESS SOLUTION CONTROL CHART (EXAMPLE)

APPENDIX 2
PROCESS PRO6/E-6 MONITORING WITH FUJICHROME CONTROL STRIPS
Fujichrome Control Strips and Process Pro6 Monitoring
Fujichrome Control Strips (for Monitoring Process Pro6/E-6)
Control Strips are pre-exposed, unprocessed strips of film that retain the pattern indicated in Figure AP-1 and
are used to monitor Process Pro6/E-6.
TABLE AP-1: PROCESS PRO6 CONTROL STRIP SPECIFICATION

ROLL CUT STRIPS
Pattern Figure AP-1 Figure AP-1
Film wound, emulsion in with D Min
end to core
Strip Length About 21.8 cm – Borders are notched About 21.8 cm
Quantity per Package 50 (+ 2) 5 Envelopes with 10 each
The leading and tailing strips cannot be used
Each control strip has been exposed to a 7-step grey scale.

These areas can also be used for quick visual inspection.
Figure AP-1: Process Pro6/E-6 Control Strip Specifications
As viewed from the emulsion side. (Unit = mm).
Reference Strips
Each control strip package contains an 18 cm reference strip and a correction factor sheet. The reference strip is
factory exposed under the same conditions as the control strips, but has already been processed under rigid
control conditions. Since the reference strip serves as a basis for evaluating laboratory processed control strips,
special care should be taken in avoiding finger prints, scratches or other damage on all surfaces. Each reference
strip is to be used only with control strips contained in that package or those having the same lot code number.
Reference Strip Correction Factors

The reference strip is factory processed under rigidly controlled conditions, but various factors may cause slight
density variations. The sheet enclosed in the control strip package contains correction factors which compensate
for reference strip deviations from standard. When evaluating processed results, it is necessary to derive control
data (control values) using the correction value sheet.

Control Strip Storage and Handling
Control strips are used in monitoring Process Pro6/E-6 for subtle changes in processing results. If proper storage
and handling care is not exercised, control strips may not provide full monitoring capabilities. In order to obtain
optimum control strip performance at all times, it is essential that the precautions indicated below are observed :
Control Strip Storage

• Immediately upon receipt, store control strip packages in a freezer with a temperature below – 10°C.
• Control strips supplied in rolls may exhibit signs of latent image changes if the whole package is removed
from the freezer and allowed to remain out in room temperature for several hours every day. To prevent
such undesired changes, it is recommended that the package be divided into smaller quantity units, with
enough for one week to process testing. These smaller packages should be kept in moisture proof envelopes
or empty film cans. This will allow for the emulsion code lot numbers be clearly written on each can or
envelope to ensure proper sequential use and stock rotation.
Control Strip Handling

• Control strip packages and envelopes should not be opened immediately after being removed from the
freezer. To prevent moisture condensation on the control strips, cans and envelopes should be placed in a
light tight box and allowed to warm to room temperature for approximately 30 minutes before use. Roll
packages must be allowed to warm to room temperature for a minimum of 2 hours prior to use.
• Handle control strips only by their edges to avoid fingerprints or surface damage.
• Expiration dates are printed on control strip packages. Control strips that are used after the manufacturers'
expiration date may provide false readings and, therefore, indicate inaccurate process control.
• The control strips, reference strips and the correction factor sheet packaged as a unit and bearing the same
code number should be used together, otherwise false, inaccurate readings may occur.
Control Strip Processing

• Daily process monitoring through the use of control strips should be done at each of the following times: At
the beginning of each day.
1. At the beginning of each successive processing shift of that day.
2. Whenever corrections to any working tank solution are made.
• Control strips should also be processed when each package or code number changes. For further details
refer to Page AP14 (Changing Control Strips) of this appendix.
• Control strip positioning for processing purposes differs with the processor type.
1. Hanger-Transfer Type Processors - Control strips are hung with the D-Max end down using a uniform
hanger-to-clip retention pattern.
2. Continuous Type Automatic Processors - Control strips should be loaded into the processor with the
D-Max end leading.
• Record the processing date and time on the processed control strip, utilising an area which will not obstruct
density measurements.
• When density measurements have been made, attach the control strip to a preservation sheet with the
emulsion side down, as show in Figure AP-2.

Figure AP-2 Preservation of Processed Control Strips
Reference Value Calculation

Process monitoring reference values are calculated from reference strip density values combined with the
correction factor sheet values supplied with the reference strip. Reading and evaluation of Step 2 is strongly
recommended but may be omitted if required.
The Fuji Hunt OASIS Pro family of process control programs is ideal for the reading and plotting of reference
and process control strip values, and make the whole process much quicker, easier and more accurate; please
contact your Fuji Hunt representative.
The calculation method for manual reading of strips is as follows :
1. Place the reference strip in the densitometer and, through red, green and blue filters, read the
respective D-min densities in the order named. Make the same measurements for Step 2, Step 3, Step 5,
and D-max (or D-min, TD, LD, HD and D-max on other common brands of control strip).
2. For each of the three colours add the appropriate correction factors to the D-min, Step 2, Step 3, Step
5 and D-max density values.
A set of reference values derived from reference strip density measurements and correction factors is shown as
a calculation (see example in Table AP-2). For each density measurement of a control strip, reference strip
densities are also to be measured and the reference values calculated.

TABLE AP-2: REFERENCE VALUE CALCULATION
DATE TIME CODE NO. (# )
RED GREEN BLUE
Measured Density 3.18 3.16 3.21
D-Max Correction Factor -0.03 +0.05 0.00
Reference Value 3.15 3.21 3.21
Step 5 (HD) Correction Factor -0.01 +0.02 +0.03
Step 3 (LD) Correction Factor +0.02 +0.02 -0.01
Step 2 (TD) Measured Density 0.37 0.36 0.38
Correction Factor +0.02 +0.01 -.01
D-Min Correction Factor 0.00 -0.01 -0.01
Control Strip Value Calculation

To obtain control strip density values it is necessary to measure control and reference strip densities.
Subsequent density measurements are to be obtained with a processed control strip and the reference strip of
the same code number. The control strip values are obtained by subtracting the reference strip values from the
control strip density values being processed. Table AP-3 shows a set of control strip density values obtained at
the same time as the reference values shown in Table AP-2.
NOTE: The correction factors are not to be added to the density values obtained from the control strips.
TABLE AP-3: CONTROL STRIP DENSITY VALUE EXAMPLE

RED GREEN BLUE
D-Max 3.19 3.26 3.18
Step 5 (HD) 2.02 1.93 1.99
Step 3 (LD) 1.00 0.99 0.96
Step 2 (TD) 0.38 0.39 0.38
D-Min 0.11 0.10 0.09
The control strip values which were obtained by subtracting the reference values from the control strip density
values are shown in Table AP-4.

The process monitoring controls derived from Tables AP-2, AP-3 and AP-4 are shown in Table AP-5.
TABLE AP-4: CONTROL STRIPS VALUE EXAMPLE FOR STEP 5 (HD)

RED GREEN BLUE
(A) (B) (B) – (A) (A) (B) (B) – (A) (B) (A) (B) – (A)
Step 5 (HD) 1.99 2.02 + 0.03 1.92 1.93 + 0.01 2.00 1.99 - 0.01
(A): Reference Value (B): Measured Control Strip Density (C): Control Strip Value
TABLE AP-5: CONTROL STRIP VALUE EXAMPLE

RED GREEN BLUE
D-Max + 0.04 + 0.05 - 0.03
Step 5 (HD) + 0.03 + 0.01 - 0.01
Step 3 (LD) 0.00 + 0.02 - 0.02
Step 2 (TD) 0.00 +0.01 - 0.02
D-Min + 0.01 0.00 - 0.01
Control Chart Plotting

As soon as the control values are obtained, they should be plotted as indicated in Figure AP-3, the Process
Control Sheet. In this example, the control strip values recorded in Table 5 are used. Plots obtained in this
manner provide a bases for deciding at the beginning of each day or any given work shift whether customer film
can be processed.

Figure AP-3

Action and Control Limits
Process Pro6 should be constantly maintained between the following action and control limits.
Action Limits
The action limits represent the control value range within a process that is certain to provide quality results. As
long as the process is under control, all the control values will be plotted within the action limits. For quality
results, the process must be controlled so that control plots do not exceed the action limits. When control
values, including colour balance, drift outside the action limits, film processing should be stopped and corrective
action taken. Problems should be diagnosed and detected promptly and corrective action taken to return the
process to within the action limits. If no corrective action is taken, not only will the quality of processed film be
unacceptable, but all processing solutions may need to be replaced. Problem handling procedures are explained
in Chapter 4 under "Process Problems and Corrections".
TABLE AP-6: CONTROL VALUE ACTION LIMITS

DENSITY COLOUR BALANCE VALUE*
D-Max - 0.15 -
Step 5 ± 0.12 ± 0.10
Step 3 ± 0.08 ± 0.06
Step 2 ± 0.05 ± 0.03
D-Min + 0.02 -
*Differences between the control values for Red and Green (R minus G) and Blue and Green (Blue minus
Green). Values within any colour balance spread must be monitored, corrected and controlled.
Control Limits
The control limits represent the control value range in which the process may be allowed to drift because of
everyday process variations. When the control limits are exceeded, customer film must no longer be processed.
Satisfactory processing can no longer be insured. It is therefore essential that all control values are maintained
within the control limits. It should be noted that the action limits fall within the control limits.
TABLE AP-7: CONTROL VALUE TOLERANCE LIMITS

DENSITY COLOUR BALANCE VALUE*
D-Max - 0.20 -
Step 5 ± 0.15 ± 0.13
Step 3 ± 0.10 ± 0.08
Step 2 ± 0.08 ± 0.05
D-Min + 0.03 -
*Differences between the control values for Red and Green (R minus G) and Blue and Green (Blue minus
Green). Values within any colour balance spread must be monitored, corrected and controlled.
Blank Sample Charts and Alternative Limits

Three blank sample charts are provided on the following pages that you can use to generate your own process
control plots (where a computer program such as OASIS Pro is not available). You are welcome to copy these
charts for use in your laboratory.

Laboratories wishing to plot their control strips to Fuji limits should use the chart headed “Process Control
Sheet: Fuji recommended limits”.
Laboratories may be accustomed to plotting the control strips provided by competing brand suppliers to
alternative limits to those shown in the table above. If you wish to continue plotting to these limits, please use
the chart headed “Process Control Sheet: Alternative limits”.
Laboratories also wishing to plot the Colour Balance (Step 3 / LD) parameter in addition to the five main steps
should use the chart headed “Process Control Sheet: Fuji limits + Colour Balance”.

Process Control Sheet - Fuji Recommended Limits
Process Control Sheet – Alternative Limits
Process Control Sheet – Fuji Limits + Colour Balance
Plotting and Interpreting Colour Balance Values
Colour Balance Plotting
The Process Control Chart sample “Fuji limits + Colour Balance” in this manual is designed so that the colour
balance values are plotted for Step 3 only. This is because the Step 3 colour balance is of particular importance.
You can create a similar chart for plotting the colour balance step using alternative limits if required; this is not
provided in this manual.
The colour balance of Step 3 is plotted on the process control sheet, using values obtained subtracting the G
(Green) control value from the R (Red) and B (Blue) control values. This example control chart indicates both
the magnitude and direction of colour shifts away from the standard.
Colour Balance Interpreting

The colour balance value combinations in Figure AP-4 should be interpreted as follows:
Figure AP-4 Colour Balance Value Combinations and Interpretation
Ex. 1 The R and B densities are the same as the G density, therefore, the result is grey.
Ex. 2 The R density is higher than and the B density is equal to the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance shift in
the cyan direction by approximately 3 points (equal to 0.03 density value).
Ex. 3 The R density is lower than and the B density is equal to the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance shift in
the red direction by approximately 5 points (equal to 0.05 density value).
Ex. 4 The R density is the same as and the B density is higher than the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance
shift in the yellow direction by four points (equal to 0.04 density value).
Ex. 5 The R density is the same as and the B density is lower than the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance
shift in the blue direction by 3 points (equal to 0.03 density value).
Ex. 6 Both the R and B densities are higher than the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance shift in the green
direction by 5 points (equal to 0.05 density value).
Ex. 7 Both the R and B densities are lower than the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance shift in the magenta
direction by 3 points (equal to 0.03 density value).
Ex. 8 The R density is higher and the B density is lower than the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance shift in
the cyan-blue direction by 3 points each (equal to 0.03 density values).
Ex. 9 The R density is lower and the B density is higher than the G density; therefore indicating a colour balance shift in
the yellow-red direction by 3 points each (equal to 0.03 density values).
The colour balance value combinations shown in Figure AP-4 are plotted in Figure AP-5, using trilinear co-
ordinates. These trilinear plots clearly indicated the colour balance shift directions.
The colour balance values in the plot shown in Figure AP-3 are 2R and 4B, or – 2C and –4Y. On the chart in
Figure AP-5, these values are plotted as positions indicated by an asterisk. Since the trilinear plot indicates values
2M and 2B, it can be determined that the processing results analysed from Figure AP-3 have a magenta-blue
balance.

Figure AP-5 Trilinear Representation of Colour Balance Values
Changing Control Strips

When a new package of control strips is put into use, check for differences between the older and the new batch
of control strips. According to the procedures indicated below, modify the correction factors as necessary.
Considering the fact that control strips vary relative to storage conditions, handling, and manufacturing, it is
advisable to make this check even when new control strips have the same lot code number as the older strips
that were used.
Control Strip Crossover

1. When a control strip package contains no more than three control strips, process them along with
three new ones from a different code number package. (They may be processed on three different
days).
2. Through the red (cyan), green (magenta) and blue (yellow) filters, measure the D-Min, Step2, Step 3,
Step 5 and D-Max densities from each control strip.
3. Obtain the measurement average for each scale step. When calculating averages, disregard all
extreme density values.
4. Calculate the R, G and B control values for the old and new control strips and subtract the new
values from the old. Add the products to the reference strip correction factors. These modified
correction factors are to be used with the new control strips for process monitoring.
These procedures should be used whenever a new batch of control strips is received and introduced into the
process control cycle. They are critical to control chart continuity. The correction factor modification
procedures are illustrated in Tables AP-8 and AP-9 for the red (cyan) densities.

TABLE AP-8: CONTROL VALUE DIFFERENCE CALCULATION (EXAMPLE) FOR RED
(CYAN) DENSITIES
STEP OLD CODE # AVERAGE CONTROL VALUE DIFFERENCE*
OF 3 PROCESSED STRIPS
NEW CODE #
D-Max Old Control Strip - 0.02 + 0.03
New Control Strip + 0.01
Step 5 Old Control Strip - 0.01 + 0.03
Step 3 Old Control Strip 0.00 - 0.02
New Control Strip - 0.02
D-Min Old Control Strip + 0.01 0.00
*: New strip average control values minus old strip average control values.
TABLE AP-9: CORRECTION FACTOR CALCULATION (EXAMPLE) FOR RED (CYAN)

DENSITIES
STEP NEW CONTROL DIFFERENCE MODIFIED CORRECTION
STRIPS CORRECTION CALCULATED FACTOR FOR NEW CONTROL
FACTOR STRIPS
D-Max - 0.02 + 0.03 (- 0.02) + (+ 0.03) = + 0.01
Step 5 - 0.01 + 0.03 (- 0.01) + (+ 0.03) = + 0.02
Step 3 + 0.02 - 0.02 (+ 0.02) + (- 0.02) = 0.00
D-Min + 0.01 0.00 (+ 0.01) + ( 0.00) = + 0.01

APPENDIX 3
PRO6/E-6 PROCESSING DURING LOW UTILIZATION PERIODS
During low utilisation periods, when the volume of replenisher used daily as a result of film processing remains at
levels less than 0.1 tank volumes (or 0.5 tank volumes per week), it becomes difficult to maintain equilibrated
processing solutions. During these periods it is necessary to make adjustments, such as tank and replenisher
solution modifications and changes in the replenishment rate based on actual tank turnover to maintain optimum
chemical and film quality. When normal production is restored and 0.1 tank volumes or more of replenisher is
used daily, processing chemical conditions should be returned to normal.
General Guidelines
Fresh tank solution may be added directly to any seasoned tank solution to flush any seasoned working tank
solution that may become dirty, unacceptably oxidised or chemically unbalanced as a result of low utilisation
from the working tank, thus maintaining the chemical composition integrity of the bath. This addition may be
accomplished in either of two ways :
The first way is to add fresh working tank solutions to their respective working tanks by replenishing these tanks
at higher replenishment rates with a modified replenisher solution composed of normal replenisher and fresh
working tank solution. This procedure is recommended to maintain consistency in extended periods of low
utilisation.
The second way is to make bulk additions of fresh tank solution to any seasoned working tank solution. If bulk
additions of fresh tank solution are added directly to the working tank, a known percentage of the existing
working tank must be removed and replaced with an identical volume of fresh working tank solution. Measuring
the specific additions of First and Colour Developer fresh tank solutions is necessary so that the appropriate
volume of respective starters can be measured and added accordingly to the solutions. Bulk additions are
particularly beneficial after periods of long processor shut down. This procedure will result in an immediate
correction in the working tank solution and in process control. It is recommended for periods of inconsistent
utilisation or for periods of extended low utilisation.
The following outlines the specific procedures recommended to add fresh working tank solutions through
replenishment methods; Table AP-10 indicates First Developer and Colour Developer Starter additions required
for low utilisation periods.
First Developer
Aerial evaporation causes a considerable decrease in the developing agent and preservative. In addition,
evaporation causes the developer solution to become concentrated. As a result, speed reduction and overall
gradation changes occur in the film.
Recommended Corrective Action

Add water to the First Developer tank solution to maintain the recommended specific gravity. Begin to replenish
with a modified First Developer Replenisher composed of a combination of normal replenisher and fresh tank
solution. This modified replenisher should be used at incrementally increasing rates. This percentage of increased
replenishment rate should be identical to the percentage of fresh tank solution contained in the modified
replenisher.

TABLE AP-10: MODIFIED DEVELOPER REPLENISHER MIXING
(FIRST AND COLOUR)
RATE OF STARTER ADDITION
INCREASE IN REPLENISHMENT STARTER AMOUNT
REPLENISHMENT RATE PER m² OF ADDED TO 1 LITRE
RATE FILM OF REPLENISHER
10 % 2365 ml 0.50 ml
15 % 2475 ml 0.75 ml
20 % 2580 ml 1.00 ml
25 % 2690 ml 1.25 ml
30 % 2795 ml 1.50 ml
35 % 2900 ml 1.75 ml
40 % 3010 ml 2.00 ml
Reversal Bath
Aerial oxidation causes a considerable decrease in the fogging agent and a slight increase in solution pH. As a
result, inadequate reduction of silver halides will occur.

Increase the replenishment rate by 20-50%, or, for the best results, dilute the Reversal Bath replenisher by 20%
and double the replenishment rate to 2150 ml/m². Reversal Bath cannot be over replenished when mixed with
the 20% extra dilution (i.e. 40 ml concentrate / litre replenisher).
Colour Developer
Aerial oxidation causes a concentration decrease in the colour developing agent, competitive coupler and
preservative. In addition, evaporation causes the solution to concentrate while the carbon dioxide in the air is
absorbed into the solution and the acid reversal bath is carried into the tank on the film, resulting in lowering of
the solution pH. This will cause an increase in D-Max density with results drifting toward a magenta-red
(Fujichrome) or blue (Ektachrome) colour balance.

Add water to the Colour Developer tank solution to maintain the recommended specific gravity. Increase the
replenishment rates by 5-10%. If this compensation is inadequate, begin to replenish with a modified Colour
Developer Replenisher composed of a combination of normal replenisher and fresh tank solution. This modified
replenisher should be used at incrementally increasing rates. This percentage of increased replenishment rate
should be identical to the percentage of fresh tank solution contained in the modified replenisher.
Pre-Bleach 2 or Conditioner
Aerial oxidation causes a considerable decrease in the bleach accelerator contained in the Pre-Bleach &
Conditioner. Additionally, the Colour Developer carried over with film processing raises the solution pH. As a
result, incomplete silver removal and stain problems may occur.

Increase the replenishment rate by 20% or more; Pre-Bleach 2 & Conditioner cannot be over replenished.

Bleach
Evaporation causes the solution to concentrate. Additionally, the Conditioner carried over with film raises the
solution pH slightly. As a result, incomplete silver removal and unwanted colour dye formation may occur.

Add one part water plus two parts concentrate to the Bleach tank solution to adjust the specific gravity to within
recommended specifications. If the solution pH has increased beyond control limits, add HCl (hydrochloric acid)
or HNO3 (nitric acid) solution to adjust the pH back to within the recommended specifications. (See Appendix 4
for additional information on these additives).
Fixer
Evaporation causes the solution to concentrate. Evaporation, combined with silver released from the film
emulsions, causes the solution specific gravity to increase above the recommended specifications. As a result,
inadequate fixing and stain problems will occur. Oxidation of the fixer, particularly in cases of low throughput or
excessive aeration, may cause formation of black spots on the processed films due to precipitation of silver
sulphide.

Increase the replenishment rate by 20% or more. Fixer cannot be over replenished. In cases of low throughput,
occasional replacement of the fixer bath is recommended to prevent formation of black spots.
Final Rinse or Stabiliser

Evaporation causes the solution to concentrate. As a result, drying problems such as streaks and water marks
may become apparent.

Increase the replenishment rate by 20% or more. Final Rinse or Stabiliser cannot be over replenished.
ALTERNATIVE LOW UTILISATION PROCEDURE
For All Solutions :

Flush all solutions that are subject to oxidation or dirt accumulation with fresh tank solution.
It is completely safe to add any volume of fresh tank solution to a seasoned tank solution. First Developer and
Colour Developer starter additions are required to maintain proper tank equilibration.
In applications where floating covers are used at shut-down, a turnover of First Developer Replenisher volume
equal to or less than 5% of the tank volume is considered low utilisation. All other machines require film
processing and replenishment equal to at least 8% of the First Developer tank. See footnote.

Compensation for Low Utilisation :
On any given day following a day of low utilisation, turn on all replenisher pumps, except for bleach*, so that the
proper volume of First Developer (5%, 8% or more) and the proportional volumes of other solutions are
delivered to each respective tank. This is also beneficial after periods of long processor shut downs.
* Bleach additions are not required because the Bleach is not affected by aerial oxidation.
Footnote: The accurate volume of First Developer Replenisher must be determined so that it can be converted to fresh tank
solution, which includes 5 ml/L of First Developer Starter. The addition of Colour Developer Starter is optional. Low
utilisation processes produce a typically low pH Colour Developer. Colour Developer Replenisher provides the pH increase
required to correct the working tank solution. Control plots should be monitored at all times.
Further information and procedures for handling low throughput situations are discussed as part of the Fuji Hunt Advanced
E6 training courses.

APPENDIX 4
PH ADJUSTMENTS/SOLUTION PREPARATION PROCEDURES

5N Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide (5N NaOH) Solution
1. Fill a 2 litre glass heat resistant beaker with 800 ml of water.
2. Measure 200 grams of NaOH.
3. While stirring, slowly add the NaOH to the glass beaker. Guard against boiling and splattering.
4. Cool this solution to room temperature and add water to make 1000 ml. Stir to mix.
5N Aqueous Sulphuric Acid (5N H2SO4) Solution

2. Measure 140 ml of concentrated H2SO4 (98 %).
3. While stirring, slowly add the concentrated H2SO4 to the glass beaker. Guard against boiling and splattering.
10 % Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Solution

2. Measure 100 ml of concentrated HCl.
3. While stirring, slowly add the concentrated HCl to the glass beaker.
10 % Aqueous Nitric Acid (HNO3) Solution

2. Measure 100 ml of concentrated HNO3 to the glass beaker.
3. While stirring, slowly add the concentrated HNO3 to the glass beaker.
WARNING
Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali. Concentrated and 5N sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are
strong acids. All of these substances are corrosive, toxic and otherwise hazardous. Eye and skin contact can
cause severe burns. When handling these chemicals, observe all the precautionary information listed below:
• Be sure to use protective gear, such as safety goggles, rubber gloves and protective clothing. Adequate
ventilation should be maintained at all times.
• In case of eye contact, flush with large amounts of running water for at least 15 minutes. Obtain immediate
medical attention.
• In case of skin contact, wash the affected area with large amounts of running water.
• In case of clothing contact, change clothes and wash clothing in large amounts of running water.
• To prevent solution boiling and/or splattering from chemical mixing containers, use beakers that are at least
1.5 to 2 times as large as the desired solution volume.
• Add concentrates slowly to water while mixing. Exothermic reactions (the generation of heat caused by
chemical change) result from the addition of these concentrated chemicals to water. Never add the total
volume of any of these concentrated chemicals quickly to water. Boiling or splattering of chemicals may
result. Always add chemicals gradually to water while stirring slowly.
• Stir gently to prevent solution splattering.

APPENDIX 5
REPLENISHER FUNCTIONS AND FACTORS AFFECTING TANK SOLUTION

COMPOSITION
Tank solution composition is affected by the various factors indicated in the outlined boxes below. To prevent
changes in tank solution composition, and to maintain solutions at constant activity levels, it is necessary to
replenish them using specific replenishers at specified replenishment rates. This appendix records the various
processing solution characteristics in concise form. Such information will assist laboratory personnel to
understand the implications of solution composition changes and to recognising the necessity of stabilised
solution composition.
Replenisher Roles
1. Replaces exhausted components.
2. Dilutes processing by-products.
3. Maintains solution consistency.
Overflow Role
Removal of excess replenishment-related processing tank solution.
Figure AP-6

APPENDIX 6
DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENT PRECAUTIONS
Densitometers
To insure measurement accuracy it is essential that a densitometer, guaranteed for both precision and reliability, be
used when measuring control strips.
Densitometer Location Requirements
• Vibration prevention:
Densitometers are sensitive to vibrations. Densitometers should be located on a firm, flat surface of a desk or
sturdy table.
• Illumination levels:
Accurate measurements cannot be obtained if the densitometer is exposed to direct sunlight. Room
illumination levels should be adjusted to below 500 lux.
• Room temperature and humidity:
The densitometer should be used at temperatures below 35°C with less than 80% relative humidity.
Standard Calibration Density Strip Handling Precautions
• Dirty strips:
Using a soft, lint-free cloth, remove all dirt, dust and any foreign matter from the standard density strip
measurement areas.
• Scratched strips:
Scratched strips or defective strips will give false readings; they are of no use and should be promptly replaced.
• It is recommended that standard calibration density strips can be replaced every year.
Dirty Densitometer and Control Strips
If the densitometer’s optical system and/or the control strip are dirty, accurate density measurements cannot be
obtained. To insure measurement accuracy, the densitometer’s optical system must he regularly cleaned and the
control strip must be free from dirt, streaks and smudges before measurement. Cotton gloves should be worn
when handling control strips.
Measurement
The centre of the area to be measured should be placed under the densitometer measuring head and the level
gently lowered to obtain the reading.
Cleaning Densitometer Colour Filters

Colour filters incorporated within the densitometer may become dirty or dusty. If so, accurate measurements may
no longer be obtained. For consistent results, the densitometer’s filters should be periodically checked and cleaned
according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Compliance with Instructions

To obtain optimum performance and life from your densitometer, it is highly recommended that all of the
manufacturer’s maintenance and operational instructions be strictly followed.
Density (Specific Gravity) Measurements
Hydrometers
It is recommended that certified precision hydrometers, calibrated in 0.001 increments, be used for density
measurements.
Hydrometer Handling and Storage

Care should be exercised when handling hydrometers. Hydrometers that have been dropped or cracked will
produce incorrect measurements. When the glass surface of a hydrometer is unclean, a complete meniscus (the
point where the hydrometer and solution come in contact) may not form, resulting in an incorrect measurement.
It is recommended that each hydrometer be thoroughly washed, dried and stored safely after each use.
Solution Temperature Adjustment

• Measured density (specific gravity) values vary with solution temperatures.
• To adjust the solution temperature, fill a glass cylinder with the solution to be measured, as shown in Fig. AP-
7. Place the glass cylinder in a thermostatically controlled bath.
• When the test solution temperature stabilises at the specified measurement temperature, it is recommended
to begin density measurements.
Figure AP-7 Solution Temperature Adjustment
Density (Specific Gravity) Measurements
After the solution temperature has been stabilised, gently lower the hydrometer into the solution so that the
hydrometer does not bump or rest on the cylinder bottom or sidewalls. Release the hydrometer after it begins to
float. Gently spin the hydrometer to insure that it does not rest on the sidewall of the cylinder. When the
hydrometer ceases to bob in the solution but continues to spin, read the density of that test solution at the
meniscus. Fig. AP-8 will assist you in this procedure.

Figure AP-8 Reading the Hydrometer
Note:
Foam Removal: Periodically, in the transfer of a solution for measurement purposes, foam may form on the
solution surface in the measurement container. It is difficult to read the specific gravity under this condition.
Remove any foam by completely filling the cylinder and removing any foam with a spoon, spatula or mixing rod. Let
the remaining foam dissipate before final density (specific gravity) measurements are made.
Fig. AP-9

PART II
PROCESS
CONTROL
CHARTS
The following charts are extracted from

the Fujifilm CR-56 Processing Manual.
All process variations are similar for
Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals.
CONTENTS – PART II
VI. PROCESSING PROBLEMS AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES
VI-1 PROBLEM HANDLING PROCEDURES PAGE 4

Sensitometric Problems Page 4
Physical Problems Page 5
VI-2 PROCESSING CONDITION VARIATIONS AND

PHOTOGRAPHIC PROPERTY CHANGES PAGE 6
PROCESS VARIATION EFFECT CHARTS PAGE 10

VI. PROCESSING PROBLEMS AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES
VI-1 PROBLEM HANDLING PROCEDURES
Processing problems will rarely occur as long as the process is controlled following the procedures set
forth in Chapter V. Should any problems occur, it is critical that systematic corrective action be taken.
CAUSES OF PROCESSING QUALITY DETERIORATION

• Drifting of processing temperatures, times, and replenishment rates from standard.
• Faulty conditions or poor processor control.
• Faulty processing solution preparation.
• Contamination of running solutions.
• Concentration or exhaustion of seasoned solutions through prolonged solution temperature control
or by the use of replenishers stored beyond their expiration date.
Sensitometric Problems
a) Start by ensuring that no errors were made in plotting control data.
• Be certain that the control and reference strips used retain identical code numbers and packaging.
• Take density measurements again and calculate control values to ensure that no calculation and
recording errors were made.
• Process another control strip and repeat density measurements and control value calculations. The
data obtained should then be compared with those obtained from the previous control strip. This
procedure confirms that control strips have been properly stored and handled.
b) If it has been proven that no errors were made in the procedures thus far, go on to the following:
• Compare the abnormal check results with the examples given in Table VI-1 “Processing Condition
Variations and Photographic Property Changes” for purposes of cause delineation and institute the
necessary correctional procedures. When locating problems, reference should also be made to
Section V-3 “Processing Quality Evaluation.”
NOTE It is recommended that the related processing solution control charts be checked; this will help
problem detection and diagnosis.
c) When any corrective action is taken, be sure to process a CR-56/E-6 control strip and plot its
control values to confirm that the problem has been eliminated by the action taken.
d) When, as a result of corrective action, the process has been brought back to within action limits,
take care to stabilise said normalised conditions.

Physical Problems
a) To delineate problems and take corrective action, analyse the abnormal results referring to Section
V-1.
b) When locating problems, also check the control strips to determine whether or not processing
results have been affected.
c) When any corrective action has been taken, perform a test run to ensure that the problem has been
eliminated by the action taken.
d) Review the process monitoring system and remedy deficiencies, if any, to prevent the recurrence of
similar problems.
To maintain proper process control levels so that consistently high quality results are obtained on a daily
basis, it is necessary to define any questions with clarity and take necessary corrective action. Briefly, it is
essential to keep track of those steps where processing conditions have changed and of those steps
where processing conditions remain unchanged.
This practice will facilitate locating processing problems, determining condition drifts in any particular
direction, and finding the cause for such abnormalities.
VI-2 PROCESSING CONDITIONS VARIATIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC PROPERTY

CHANGES
Problems such as faulty processor temperature control systems, faulty replenishment systems, errors
made in replenisher preparation, and significant variation in throughput, all show up as control chart
abnormalities. The effects of process variability and solution contaminations on processing results are
indicated by the charts on the following pages. The charts represent a comparison of performance
denoting sensitometric data (D-min, Step2, Step3, Step5, D-max) for Fujichrome and competing brand
control strips.
Briefly, in these graphs the photographic property changes resulting from processing factor variations are
indicated as sensitometric variations for each control strip step.
It should be kept in mind that the graphs do not necessarily cover all possible problem combinations.

Table VI-1 Processing Condition Variations and Photographic Property Changes
Step Variable Changes Effects Chart
First PH Lowered • Density of all three layers increases (and speed Fig. 1
Developer decreases slightly).
• A slight blue colour balance in low density (Step 2)
areas results
Raised • Density of all three layers decreases (and speed

increases).
• A slight yellow-green colour balance in low density
(Step 2) to middletone (Step 3) areas results.
T° Decreased • Density of all three layers increases (and speed Fig. 2
decreases).
• A yellow colour balance in lowest density (D-min)
areas results.
• A slight yellow colour balance in highest density (D-
max) areas results.
Increased • Density of all three layers decreases (and speed

increases).
• Density of R layer in low density (Step 2) areas
decreases slightly, and a red colour balance results.
• A slight blue colour balance in shadow (Step 5 to D-
max) areas results.
Time Decreased • Density of all three layers increases (and speed Fig. 3
decreases).
• Density in highlight (D-min to Step 2) areas
increases, and a blue colour balance results.
Increased • Density of all three layers decreases (and speed

increases).
• A slight red colour balance in middletone (Step 3)
areas results.
• A slight blue colour balance in shadow (Step 5 t- D-
max) areas results.
Concentra- Diluted • Density of all three layers increases (and speed Fig. 4
tion decreases).
• A magenta-blue colour balance in highlight (D-min)
areas results.
Concentrated • Density of all three layers decreases (and speed

increases).
• Overall slight cyan colour balance results.
Replenish- Under- • Density of all three layers increases (and speed Fig. 5
ment replenish- decreases).
ment • A cyan colour balance in highlight areas results.
• A yellow colour balance in middletone to shadow
areas results.
• Density of all three layers decreases (and speed

Over- increases).
replenish- • A slight yellow colour balance in highlight areas
ment results.
• A blue-cyan colour balance in shadow areas results.
Colour PH Lowered • Density of G and B layers increases, while density of Fig. 6
Developer R layer shows little change.
• Overall magenta-red colour balance results.
Raised • A slight yellow-green colour balance in highlight to

middletone areas results.
T° Decreased • Density of all three layers decreases slightly (and Fig. 7
speed increases).
• Density of G and B layers decreases, and a cyan-
green colour balance results.
Increased • Density of all three layers increases (and speed

decreases).
• Almost no change in colour balance.
Time Decreased • Small change in colour balance and speed. Fig. 8
• A slight cyan colour balance in middletone (Step 3)
areas results.
• Slight decrease in highest density.
Increased • Small change in overall density and colour balance.

Concen- Diluted • Density of all three layers (especially G and B layers) Fig. 9
tration increases.
• A slight magenta colour balance in middletone to
shadow areas results.
Concentrated • Density of all three layers (especially G and B layers)

decreases.
• A cyan-green colour balance in middletone to
shadow areas results.
Replenish- Under- • A slight yellow-green colour balance in highlight to Fig.10
ment replenishment middletone areas results.
• Density in shadow areas increases, and a magenta-
blue colour balance results.
Over- • Density of all three layers decreases slightly (and

replenishment speed increases).
• Overall green-yellow colour balance results.
First Agitation Omitted in • Density of all three layers increases slightly (and Fig. 11
Developer both baths speed decreases slightly).
and • A slight cyan colour balance in highlight areas and a
Colour slight yellow-green colour balance in middletone
Developer areas result.
Omitted in • Density of all three layers increases slightly (and

First speed decreases slightly).
Developer • A slight cyan colour balance in highlight areas
only results.
Omitted in • Density decreases slightly.

Colour • Small change in colour balance
Developer
only
First Starter Not added • Density of all three layers greatly decreases (and Fig. 12
Developer speed increases).
• A slight blue colour balance results
Added 2 to 4 • Density of all three layers greatly increases.

times normal • A red colour balance in shadow (D-max) areas
results.
• A yellow colour balance in middletone (Step 3)
areas results.
• A cyan colour balance in highlight (Step 2) areas
results.
Colour Starter Not added • A slight cyan-blue colour balance in middletone to Fig. 13
Developer shadow areas results.
Added 2 to 4 • Density in middletone areas increases with a

times normal doubling of the added starter and overall density
tends to decrease with a quadrupling of added
starter.
• A blue-magenta colour balance in shadow areas
results.
First Temperatur Decreased • Density of all three layers increases slightly (and Fig. 14
Wash e speed decreases slightly).
• Small change in colour balance.
Increased • Density of all three layers decreases slightly (and

speed increases slightly).
Reversal Concen- Diluted • A yellow-red colour balance in middletone (Step 3) Fig. 15
Bath tration and highlight (Step 2 to D-min) areas results.
• A yellow-red colour balance in shadow (D-max to
Step 5) areas results.
• Highest density decreases.
Concentrated • Overall density decreases.

• A green colour balance in highlight to middletone
areas results.
Condition- Concen- Diluted • Density of all three layers increases. Fig. 16
er tration • Density in lowest density (D-min) to highlight areas
greatly increases.
Concentrated • No processing characteristic changes.

First Halogen Increased • Density of all three layers increases. Fig. 17
Developer content • A yellow-red colour balance in Step 3 to Step 5
areas results.
• Overall contrast increases.
• A cyan-green colour balance in highlight (Step 2)
areas results.
Decreased • Overall density decreases (speed increases).

• A blue colour balance in shadow (D-max) areas
results.

Colour Halogen Increased • Small change in density. Fig. 18
Developer content • A cyan-blue colour balance in shadow areas results.
• A yellow-green colour balance in highlight to
Decreased • Small change in density.

• A slight magenta-cyan colour balance in highlight to
Step Erroneous Addition Effects Chart

First Colour Developer Starter • Density in stain (D-min) areas greatly increases Fig. 19
Developer erroneously added to First (especially R layer), and a cyan colour balance
Developer replenisher results.
• Density of all three layers greatly increases, and a
yellow-red colour balance results.
Colour First Developer Starter • Almost no change in stain (D-min) density. Fig. 20
Developer erroneously added to Colour • Overall slight cyan colour balance results.
Developer Replenisher
Step Contamination Effects Chart

First Colour Developer • Density of all three layers decreases slightly. Fig. 21
Developer • A cyan colour balance in deep shadow (D-max)
areas results.
Colour First Developer • R density in middletone (Step 3 to Step 5) areas Fig. 22
Developer increases and an overall cyan colour balance results.
• Density in highlight (Step 2) areas decreases, and a
green colour balance results.
First Reversal Bath • Almost no density change. Fig. 23
Developer • With large volume contamination, fogging may
result.
Colour Fixer • B and R densities in middletone to shadow (Step 3 Fig. 24
Developer to Step 5) areas greatly increase.
• A magenta-blue colour balance results.
First Fixer • Density of all three layers greatly decreases (and Fig. 25
Developer speed increases).
• Overall cyan colour balance results.
Stabiliser • Density of all three layers slightly increases (and Fig. 26
speed decreases).
• A slight blue colour balance in highest density (D-
max) areas results.

VII. PROCESSING DURING LOW-UTILISATION PERIODS
During low-utilisation periods when daily throughput remains at less levels than 0.1 round*, it
becomes difficult to maintain constant composition processing solutions when processing is
continued in the same manner as at higher throughput levels. During low-utilisation periods,
therefore, it is necessary to take compensatory actions, such as tank solution and replenisher
modification and replenishment rate changes. When the daily throughput has recovered to beyond
0.1 round, processing conditions should be restored to normal.
*Round
When the volume of replenisher which is consumed by film processing becomes equal to the tank
solution volume, such is defined as one throughput round. Accordingly, a “daily 0.1 round
throughput” means the amount of replenisher consumption is one-tenth the tank solution volume
per day. For instance, when a tank filled with 75 litres of solution is replenished by 7.5 litres of
replenisher per day, the daily throughput is 0.1 round.
• First Developer (H1)
Aerial oxidation causes a considerable decrease in the developing agent and preservative. In addition,
evaporation causes the developer solution to concentrate. As a result, speed reduction and overall
gradation changes occur in the film.
Compensatory Action
Add water to the First Developer tank solution to maintain the specific gravity to within control limits and
increase the replenishment rate by 5 to 10%.
If this compensation is not adequate the replenishment rate should be further increased; however, a mere
increase in replenishment rate alone will cause a loss of developer component balance.
In this case a modified replenisher should be prepared and used. This modified replenisher must contain a
volume of starter equal to the volumetric increase in the replenishment rate.
Modified replenisher preparation specifications are indicated in the following table.
The replenishment rate should be successively increased until the process is brought back to within the
action limits.
Using Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 36

Table VII-1 Modified Replenisher Preparation Specifications in Relation to
Replenishment
Rate Increases
Rate of Starter
Addition Amount of Starter Amount of Starter
Increase in Added to 1 Litre of Added to 50 Litres Proportion of Starter
Replenishment Rate Replenisher Of Replenisher
15% 0.75ml 37.5ml 15%
20% 1.00ml 50.0ml 20%
25% 1.25ml 62.5ml 25%
30% 1.50ml 75.0ml 30%
35% 1.75ml 87.5ml 35%
40% 2.00ml 100.0ml 40%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
60% 3.00ml 150.0ml 60%
Commentary
Developer replenishers are designed to compensate tank solutions for chemical components
consumed and produced not only by the development reactions but also by aerial oxidation.
For both the First Developer and the Colour Developer, 2,150 millilitres of replenisher per square
meter of processed film are needed to compensate for the development reactions and the small
amounts of aerial oxidation which occur at processing throughput rates of more than 0.1 round.
At processing throughput levels less than 0.1 round, tank solution aerial oxidation becomes greater
and greater. In such cases, the process still requires this same amount of replenisher per square area
processed film as with normal throughput levels. Further, the tank working solutions also require
additional amounts of fresh tank solution to replace the considerable amounts of aerially-oxidised
tank solution.
When processing throughput levels drop below 0.1 round, it is thereby essential that a modified
replenisher be used; this being composed of a combination of normal replenisher and fresh tank
solution. This modified replenisher should then be supplied at incrementally increasing rates that are
determined in relation to the volume of fresh tank solution contained in the modified replenisher.
Such procedures will not only provide proper replenisher volumes in relation to the amounts of film
processed but will also provide for enough tank solution replacement to renew the processing
solutions and maintain proper developer performance.

• Reversal Bath (H2)
Aerial oxidation causes a considerable decrease in fogging agent and a slight increase in solution pH. As a
result, inadequate reduction of silver halides will occur.
Compensatory Action
Increase the replenishment rate by 20 to 50%

NOTE This range of adjustments will not adversely affect photographic properties.
• Colour Developer (H3)

Aerial oxidation causes a decrease in the colour developing agent, competitive coupler and preservative. In
addition, evaporation causes solution concentration, and carbon dioxide in the air is absorbed resulting in a
lowering of solution pH. This will cause an increase in D-max density with results drifting toward a
magenta-red (FUJICHROME) or blue (EKTACHROME) colour balance.
Compensatory Action
Add water to the Colour Developer tank solution to maintain its specific gravity within control limits and
increase the replenishment rate by 5 to 10%. If this compensation is not adequate the replenishment rate
should be further increased; however, a mere increase in replenishment rate only will cause a loss of
developer component balance.
As with the First Developer a modified replenisher should be prepared and used. This modified replenisher
must contain a volume of starter equal to the volumetric increase in the replenishment rate. Modified
replenisher preparation specifications are indicated in the table VII-1. The replenishment rate should be
successively increased until the process is brought back to within the action limits.
When a solution pH decline tendency is noted in the Colour Developer, before the solution pH drifts out
of the control limits add NaOH solution to the replenisher for a pH increase of about 0.05 and continue
replenishment. If the pH of the Colour Developer still tends to decline, similarly increase the pH of the
replenisher by 0.05 and check the results. Repeat this adjustment if necessary until the colour developer
pH is stabilised within control limits. For purposes of mixing a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide refer to
Appendix 3-(2) (page 91) and for addition volumes see Table V-5 on page 36.
• Conditioner (H4)
Aerial oxidation causes a considerable decrease in the Bleach Accelerator, and the Colour Developer (H3)
carried over with the film raises the solution pH. As a result, incomplete silver removal and stain problems
occur.
Compensatory Action


• Bleach (H5)
Evaporation causes solution concentration and the Conditioner (H4) carried over with film raises the
solution pH to a slight extent. As a result, silver removal inadequacy and colour dye formation may occur.
Compensatory Action
Add water to the Bleach tank solution to maintain its specific gravity within control limits. If the solution
pH is raised beyond control limits, add HCl or HNO3 solutions for adjustment. For mixing dilute solutions
see Appendix 3-(2) (page 91) and for addition volumes see Table V-5 on page36.
• Fixer (H6)
Evaporation causes solution concentration. Both the concentration and emulsion-released silver also raise
the solution specific gravity beyond control limits. These changes result in inadequate fixing and stain
problems will occur.
Compensatory Action

• Stabiliser (H7)
Evaporation causes solution concentration. As a result, drying problems such as streaks and watermarks
become prominent.
Compensatory Action
Adjust the replenishment rate by 20% to 50%, and replace the tank solution at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks.

Process CR-56
• Process
(Control Strip)
Variation Effect Charts
Control Strip Control Strip Step 3

Density Variation Color Balance
Variation
(Hexagonal Diagrams)
Fig. 1 First Developer pH Variations ......................................... Fig. 1 -1 .... 1 Fig. 1 -2 ... 27

Fig. 2 First Developer Temperature Variations .......................... Fig. 2 -1 .... 2 Fig. 2 -2 ... 27
Fig. 3 First Developer Time Variations ...................................... Fig. 3 -1 .... 3 Fig. 3 -2 ... 27
Fig. 4 First Developer Too Concentrated or Diluted .................. Fig. 4 -1 .... 4 Fig. 4 -2 ... 27
Fig. 5 First Developer Over- or Under-replenished ................... Fig. 5 -1 .... 5 Fig. 5 -2 ... 28
Fig. 6 First Developer Starter Volume Variations ...................... Fig. 6 -1 .... 6 Fig. 6 -2 ... 28
Fig. 7 First Developer Halogen Content Variations ................... Fig. 7 -1 .... 7 Fig. 7 -2 ... 28
Fig. 8 Color Developer Starter Added Improperly to First
Developer Replenisher ................................................... Fig. 8 -1 .... 8 Fig. 8 -2 ... 28
Fig. 9 First Developer Contaminated with Reversal Bath ......... Fig. 9 -1 .... 9 Fig. 9 -2 ... 29
Fig. 10 First Developer Contaminated with Color Developer ...... Fig. 10-1 ... 10 Fig. 10-2 ... 29
Fig. 11 First Developer Contaminated with Fixer ........................ Fig. 11-1 ... 11 Fig. 11-2 ... 29
Fig. 12 First Developer Contaminated with Final Rinse .............. Fig. 12-1 ... 12 Fig. 12-2 ... 29
Fig. 13 First Developer and Color Developer With or Without
Agitation .......................................................................... Fig. 13-1 ... 13 Fig. 13-2 ... 30
Fig. 14 First Wash Temperature Variations ................................. Fig. 14-1 ... 14 Fig. 14-2 ... 30
Fig. 15 Reversal Bath Too Concentrated or Diluted .................... Fig. 15-1 ... 15 Fig. 15-2 ... 30
Fig. 16 Color Developer pH Variations........................................ Fig. 16-1 ... 16 Fig. 16-2 ... 30
Fig. 17 Color Developer Temperature Variations ........................ Fig. 17-1 ... 17 Fig. 17-2 ... 31
Fig. 18 Color Developer Time Variations .................................... Fig. 18-1 ... 18 Fig. 18-2 ... 31
Fig. 19 Color Developer Too Concentrated or Diluted ................ Fig. 19-1 ... 19 Fig. 19-2 ... 31
Fig. 20 Color Developer Over- or Under-replenished ................. Fig. 20-1 ... 20 Fig. 20-2 ... 31
Fig. 21 Color Developer Starter Volume Variations .................... Fig. 21-1 ... 21 Fig. 21-2 ... 32
Fig. 22 Color Developer Halogen Content Variations ................. Fig. 22-1 ... 22 Fig. 22-2 ... 32
Fig. 23 First Developer Starter Added Improperly to Color
Developer Replenisher ................................................... Fig. 23-1 ... 23 Fig. 23-2 ... 32
Fig. 24 Color Developer Contaminated with First Developer ...... Fig. 24-1 ... 24 Fig. 24-2 ... 32
Fig. 25 Color Developer Contaminated with Fixer ...................... Fig. 25-1 ... 25 Fig. 25-2 ... 33
Fig. 26 Pre-bleach Too Concentrated or Diluted ......................... Fig. 26-1 ... 26 Fig. 26-2 ... 33
Fig. 1-1 First Developer pH Variations
CR-56/E-6 Control Strip Competing Brand Control Strip
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–0.2 –0.1 N +0.1 +0.2 –0.2 –0.1 N +0.1 +0.2
(pH) (pH)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 1
Fig. 2-1 First Developer Temperature Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–2 –1 N +1 +2 –2 –1 N +1 +2
.15 (°C) (°C)
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
2 CR-56
Fig. 3-1 First Developer Time Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–60 –30 N +30 +60 –60 –30 N +30 +60
.15 (sec.) (sec.)
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 3
Fig. 4-1 First Developer Too Concentrated or Diluted
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–20 –10 N +10 +20 –20 –10 N +10 +20
(%) (%)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
4 CR-56
Fig. 5-1 First Developer Over- or Under-replenished
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–100 –50 N +50 +100 –100 –50 N +50 +100
(%/1R) (%/1R)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 5
Fig. 6-1 First Developer Starter Volume Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 5 10 0 5 10
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
6 CR-56
Fig. 7-1 First Developer Halogen Content Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
1/2 N 2 4 1/2 N 2 4
(fold) (fold)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 7
Fig. 8-1 Color Developer Starter Added Improperly to
First Developer Replenisher
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
N 0 5 N 0 5
(=H1) (=H1R) (=H1) (=H1R)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
8 CR-56
Fig. 9-1 First Developer Contaminated with Reversal Bath
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 5 10 0 5 10
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 9
Fig. 10-1 First Developer Contaminated with Color Developer
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 10 30 0 10 30
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
10 CR-56
Fig. 11-1 First Developer Contaminated with Fixer
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 0.5 0 0.5
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 11
Fig. 12-1 First Developer Contaminated with Final Rinse
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
12 CR-56
Fig. 13-1 First Developer and Color Developer With or Without Agitation
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
FD agitation Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No
CD agitation Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
.15 (N) (N)
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 13
Fig. 14-1 First Wash Temperature Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–15 –12 –6 N +6 –15 –12 –6 N +6
(°C) (°C)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
14 CR-56
Fig. 15-1 Reversal Bath Too Concentrated or Diluted
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–100 –50 N +50 +100 –100 –50 N +50 +100
(%) (%)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 15
Fig. 16-1 Color Developer pH Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–0.2 –0.1 N +0.1 +0.2 –0.2 –0.1 N +0.1 +0.2
(pH) (pH)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
16 CR-56
Fig. 17-1 Color Developer Temperature Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–4 –2 N +2 +4 –4 –2 N +2 +4
(°C) (°C)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 17
Fig. 18-1 Color Developer Time Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–2 –1 N +1 +2 –2 –1 N +1 +2
(min.) (min.)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
18 CR-56
Fig. 19-1 Color Developer Too Concentrated or Diluted
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–20 –10 N +10 +20 –20 –10 N +10 +20
(%) (%)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 19
Fig. 20-1 Color Developer Over- or Under-replenished
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–100 –50 N +50 +100 –100 –50 N +50 +100
(%/1R) (%/1R)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
20 CR-56
Fig. 21-1 Color Developer Starter Volume Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 5 10 0 5 10
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 21
Fig. 22-1 Color Developer Halogen Content Variations
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
1/2 N 2 4 1/2 N 2 4
(fold) (fold)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
22 CR-56
Fig. 23-1 First Developer Starter Added Improperly to
Color Developer Replenisher
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
N 0 5 10 15 N 0 5 10 15
(=H3) (=H3R) (=H3) (=H3R)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 23
Fig. 24-1 Color Developer Contaminated with First Developer
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
24 CR-56
Fig. 25-1 Color Developer Contaminated with Fixer
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
0 2.5 5 10 0 2.5 5 10
N N
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
CR-56 25
Fig. 26-1 Pre-bleach Too Concentrated or Diluted
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
D-max 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.20
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 5 0
–
.05
.10
.15
–100 –50 N +50 +100 –100 –50 N +50 +100
(%) (%)
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 3 0
–
.05
.10
.15
.10
.05
+
Step 2 0
–
.05
.10
.05
+
D-min 0
–
.05
26 CR-56
Control Strip Color Balance Variation (Hexagonal Diagrams)
Fig. 1-2 First Developer pH Variations Fig. 2-2 First Developer Temperature Variations
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
+0.2
Slight change
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
–0.2
5B 5M 5B 5M
Fig. 3-2 First Developer Time Variations Fig. 4-2 First Developer Too Concentrated or Diluted
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
No change for –60" –20%
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R +20% 1 2 3 4 5R
+60"
5B 5M 5B 5M
CR-56 27
Fig. 5-2 First Developer Over- or Under-replenished Fig. 6-2 First Developer Starter Volume Variations
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
–100%
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
+100%
5B 5M 5B 5M
Fig. 7-2 First Developer Halogen Content Variations Fig. 8-2 Color Developer Starter Added Improperly to
First Developer Replenisher
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
´2
1 2 3 4 5R
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R
No starter
added
5B 5M 5B 5M
´1/2
28 CR-56
Fig. 9-2 First Developer Contaminated with Fig. 10-2 First Developer Contaminated with
Reversal Bath Color Developer
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
50
No change
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
5B 5M 5B 5M
Fig. 11-2 First Developer Contaminated with Fixer Fig. 12-2 First Developer Contaminated with Final Rinse
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
20
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
5B 5M 5B 5M
CR-56 29
Fig. 13-2 First Developer and Color Developer Fig. 14-2 First Wash Temperature Variations
With or Without Agitation
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
+6°C
-15°C
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
5B 5M 5B 5M
FD agitation CD agitation
Yes Yes (N)
Yes No
No Yes
No No
Fig. 15-2 Reversal Bath Too Concentrated or Diluted Fig.16-2 Color Developer pH Variations
5G –50% 5Y 5G 5Y
+0.2
–0.2
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
+50%
Concentration
5B 5M 5B 5M
Dilution
30 CR-56
Fig. 17-2 Color Developer Temperature Variations Fig. 18-2 Color Developer Time Variations
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
–2'
–4°C
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
+4°C
+2'
5B 5M 5B 5M
Fig. 19-2 Color Developer Too Concentrated or Diluted Fig. 20-2 Color Developer Over- or Under-replenished
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
+100%
+20%
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
–20%
–50%
5B 5M 5B 5M
CR-56 31
Fig. 21-2 Color Developer Starter Volume Variations Fig. 22-2 Color Developer Halogen Content Variations
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
No change up to ´ 4
5C 5C
0 1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
´1/2
5B 5M 5B 5M
Fig. 23-2 First Developer Starter Added Improperly to Fig. 24-2 Color Developer Contaminated with
Color Developer Replenisher First Developer
5G 5Y 5G 5Y
15
15
5C 5C
Starter added 0 1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
5B 5M 5B 5M
32 CR-56
Fig. 25-2 Color Developer Contaminated with Fixer Fig. 26-2 Pre-bleach Too Concentrated or Diluted
5G 5Y 5G –100%
5Y
+100%
5C 5C
1 2 3 4 5R 1 2 3 4 5R
5B 5M 5B 5M
CR-56 33

E6 Processing Manual

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E6 Processing Manual

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CONTENTS – PART I

I. General Processing Information Page 5

II. Handling of Process Chemicals and Solution Preparation Page 14

III. Process Quality Control Page 30

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 2

The Main Topics of this Manual are:

1. General Process Information

FUJI HUNT OASIS PRO

This program is available in four variants to suit all types of laboratory.

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 3

Please see your Fuji Hunt representative for further details.

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 4

FEATURES AND EFFECTS OF PRO6 CHEMICALS PAGE 6

STANDARD PRO6/E-6 PROCESSING STEPS PAGE 8

PROCESSING CONDITIONS PAGE 9

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 5

FEATURES AND EFFECTS OF PRO6 CHEMICALS

Option 1: Pro6 First Developer Replenisher replenishes at 2150 ml/m².

Option 1: Pro6 Colour Developer Replenisher replenishes at 2150 ml/m².

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 6

Final Rinse or Stabiliser

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 7

The standard Pro6 automatic processing steps are indicated in Table 1.

TABLE 1: PROCESSING STEPS

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 8

Gaseous Burst Agitation (In Rack and Tank Processors)

• It is important that nitrogen and air be maintained oil-free.

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 9

It is recommended that 25 micron polyethylene or polypropylene filters be used.

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 10

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 11

Colour Developer 147 135 71

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 12

TABLE 3: FILM AREAS

Film Size Film Area (m²)

Leader portions of 135 film are not calculated.

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 13

CHEMICAL HANDLING / PRO6 CHEMICALS PAGE 15

PROCESS SOLUTION PREPARATION PAGE 19

PROCESS SOLUTION STORAGE PAGE 29

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 14

CHEMICAL HANDLING / PRO6 CHEMICALS

Process Chemical Composition

TABLE 4: PROCESS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Solution Part Basic Chemical Ingredients

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 15

TABLE 5: MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED CHEMICAL SHELF LIFE

SHELF LIFE SOLUTION SHELF LIFE SOLUTION

Chemical Handling Precautions

General Handling Precautions

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 16

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 17

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 18

Chemical Mixing Tank Shapes, Sizes and

Material: hard vinyl chloride or stainless steel. To maintain

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 19

Chemical Mixing Precautions

Chemical Mixing Sequence

Dissolving Chemical Precipitates

Fuji Hunt Pro6 Chemicals Page 20

TABLE 6: SOLUTION / MIXING PROCEDURE

Pro6 First Developer Replenisher.