Reported by:

Tungol, Justin Mher

Valencia, Joshua
 Sustainable Energy
 Sustainable energy comes from resources that can serve the needs of the
present without jeopardizing the needs of other communities or the future
users.
 It is a form of energy that meet our today’s demand of energy without putting
them in danger of getting expired or depleted and can be used over and over
again.
 Sustainable energy do not cause any harm to the environment and is available
widely free of cost.
 All renewable energy sources are sustainable as they are stable and available in
plenty.

Types of Renewable Energy

SOLAR ENERGY
 Solar energy is the best form of sustainable energy because it is one of the
most environment friendly among the renewable sources of energy.
 This energy manifests itself in two forms. There is the light and the heat. Both
of these forms are equally important to us in our day to day living and other
forms of life. For instance, the plants need the light to grow and generate food
 while man needs the heat energy to maintain body temperature and power
their homes and industries.
 The solar energy derived from the sun is converted into electricity with the
help of a solar panel or solar cell.

Solar energy is used today in a number of ways:

 As heat for making hot water, heating buildings, and cooking.
 To generate electricity with solar cells or heat engines.
 To use sun rays for drying clothes and towels.

WIND ENERGY
 Wind energy is also the most environment friendly renewable energy source
along with solar energy.
 It describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical
power or electricity.
 Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.
 The mechanical power can be used for specific tasks such as grinding grain or
pumping water,
 Or a generator that convert this mechanical power into electricity to power
homes, businesses, and schools.

HYDROPOWER ENERGY
 Rivers or waterfalls whose energy of the moving water is captured that can
turn turbines to generate power is commonly known as hydropower energy.
 The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to
store water in a reservoir.
 Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity.
A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy.
Then a generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy called
hydroelectricity.
 It is very common nowadays and it is powering most parts of the world and
one of the biggest form of alternative energy currently being used.
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 Geothermal energy is a renewable energy that makes use of the heat inside the
earth.
 Geothermal energy cannot be harnessed everywhere as high temperature is
needed to produce steam that could move turbines. It can be harnessed in
those areas that have high seismic activity and are prone to volcanoes.
 This energy has been used for thousands of years in some countries for
cooking and heating.

There are three main types of geothermal energy systems:

 Direct use and district heating systems.
 Electricity generation power plants.
 Geothermal heat pumps.

OCEAN ENERGY
 There is massive size of oceans in this world. About 70% of the earth is covered
with water. The potential that ocean energy has to generate power is much
higher than any other source of energy.
 This sustainable energy allows us to harness it in 3 ways: wave, tidal or ocean
thermal energy conversion (OTEC).

Wave Energy
 Wave energy technologies extract energy directly from surface waves or from
pressure fluctuations below the surface.
 Wave energy can be converted into electricity by offshore (situated in deep
water) or onshore systems (built along shorelines).

Tidal Energy
 Tides have immense power which when effectively tapped can generate a lot
of energy and can be used to power millions of homes.
 For those tidal differences to be harnessed into electricity, the difference
between high and low tides must be more than 16 feet (or at least 5 meters).
 Tidal energy technologies include:
 Barrages or dams
 Tidal fences, and
 Tidal turbines

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

There are three kinds of OTEC systems:
Closed-Cycle
 it use fluids with a low boiling point to rotate a turbine to
generate electricity.
Open-Cycle
 use the tropical oceans' warm surface water to make electricity.
Hybrid
 combine the features of closed- and open-cycle systems.

BIOMASS ENERGY
 Biomass energy is produced by burning of wood, timber, landfills and
municipal and agricultural waste.
 It is defined by any organic materials that can be burned and used as a source
of fuel.

How can biomass be used as an energy source?

 Energy is produced by converting biomass (like cow manure) into gas (like
methane) and liquid fuels. By adding heat or chemicals to the biomass, a fuel is
produced that can be burned to produce electricity.

SUMMARY
 All renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower,
biomass, and ocean energy are forms of sustainable energy. These energy
sources have been here since centuries and are here to stay till life is available
on earth. It could meet our today’s increasing demand of energy and also
provide us with an option to make use of them in future also.