APPENDIX A

DATA

Table 1. Heat Capacity Table

Temperature Heat Capacity ( Cp )

[J/(mol [kJ/(kg [kWh/(kg [kcal/(kg K)]
[°C]
K)] K)] K)] [Btu(IT)/lbm °F]
0.01 76.026 4.2199 0.001172 1.0079
10 75.586 4.1955 0.001165 1.0021
20 75.386 4.1844 0.001162 0.9994
25 75.336 4.1816 0.001162 0.9988
30 75.309 4.1801 0.001161 0.9984
40 75.300 4.1796 0.001161 0.9983
50 75.334 4.1815 0.001162 0.9987
60 75.399 4.1851 0.001163 0.9996
70 75.491 4.1902 0.001164 1.0008
80 75.611 4.1969 0.001166 1.0024
90 75.763 4.2053 0.001168 1.0044
100 75.950 4.2157 0.001171 1.0069
110 76.177 4.2283 0.001175 1.0099
120 76.451 4.2435 0.001179 1.0135
140 77.155 4.2826 0.001190 1.0229
160 78.107 4.3354 0.001204 1.0355
180 79.360 4.4050 0.001224 1.0521
200 80.996 4.4958 0.001249 1.0738
220 83.137 4.6146 0.001282 1.1022
240 85.971 4.7719 0.001326 1.1397
260 89.821 4.9856 0.001385 1.1908
280 95.285 5.2889 0.001469 1.2632
300 103.60 5.7504 0.001597 1.3735
320 117.78 6.5373 0.001816 1.5614
340 147.88 8.2080 0.002280 1.9604
360 270.31 15.004 0.004168 3.5836
 Table 2. Testing of 10cm height at Varying Operating Conditions of Rice Husk for start-up

10cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
7V Weight of Feed 250 250 250 250
Weight of Water 1240 1228 1230 1223 1230 1221 1233.333 1224
Temperature of
Water 31 40 28.8 43 28 42 29.26667 41.66667
Time of Start Up 162.4 137.3 129.4 143.0333333
Papers used 2 2 2 2
Time of ignition 58.9 24 33.2 38.7
Time of gasification 89.2 146.5 156.2 130.6333333
Operation Time 310.5 307.8 318.8 312.3666667

10cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
9V Weight of Feed 250 250 250 250
Weight of Water 1230 1228 1230 1215 1230 1221 1230 1221.333
Temperature of
Water 31 46.5 33.5 49.5 31 48.5 31.83333 48.16667
Time of Start Up 69.8 45.3 30.2 48.43333333
Papers used 2 2 2 2
Time of ignition 1 160.1 180.2 113.7666667
Time of gasification 189.8 165.2 172.2 175.7333333
Operation Time 260.6 370.6 382.6 337.9333333

10cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
12V Weight of Feed 250 250 250 250
Weight of Water 1230 1224 1230 1225 1230 1223 1230 1224
Temperature of
Water 29.5 48 29.5 49.5 28 47 29 48.16667
Time of Start Up 75.1 33.4 42.2 50.23333333
Papers used 6 6 5 5.666666667
Time of ignition 1 2.9 7.3 3.733333333
Time of gasification 163.3 135.2 143.5 147.3333333
Operation Time 239.4 171.5 193 201.3
 Table 3. Testing of 20cm height at Varying Operating Conditions of Rice Husk for start-up

20cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
7V Weight of Feed 500 500 500 500
Weight of Water 1235 1115.5 1215 1120 1230 1145.5 1226.667 1127
Temperature of Water 27.5 79 28 71 28 74 27.83333 74.66667
Time of Start Up 63.17 136.57 100.3 100.0133333
Papers used 4 2 2 2.666666667
Time of ignition 75.47 60.72 53.3 63.16333333
Time of gasification 683.15 879.11 830.2 797.4866667
Operation Time 821.79 1076.4 983.8 960.6633333

20cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
9V Weight of Feed 500 500 500 500
Weight of Water 1210 1165 1225 1160 1230 1185 1221.667 1170
Temperature of Water 32 48 32.5 49 32.25 48.5
Time of Start Up 111.9 117.9 116.4 115.4
Papers used 2 2 2 2
Time of ignition 127.2 64.5 45.1 78.93333333
Time of gasification 516.9 685.7 690.3 630.9666667
Operation Time 756 868.1 851.8 825.3

20cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
12V Weight of Feed 500 500 500 500
Weight of Water 1230 1210 1230 1175 1235 1215 1231.667 1200
Temperature of Water 31 69 30.5 55 31 65 30.83333 63
Time of Start Up 154.4 88.2 60.2 100.9333333
Papers used 5 4 2 3.666666667
Time of ignition 3.9 9.9 10.2 8
Time of gasification 573.4 634.9 633.5 613.9333333
Operation Time 731.7 733 703.9 722.8666667
 Table 4. Testing of 30cm height at Varying Operating Conditions of Rice Husk for start-up

30cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
7V Weight of Feed 750 750 750 750
Weight of Water 1230 1170 1235 1223 1235 1215 1233.333 1202.667
Temperature of Water 28 74 29 68 29.5 69 28.83333 70.33333
Time of Start Up 315.8 357.1 330.3 334.4
Papers used 9 4 3 5.333333333
Time of ignition 256.5 337.9 294.5 296.3
Time of gasification 495.5 717.6 503.5 572.2
Operation Time 1067.8 1412.6 1128.3 1202.9

30cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
9V Weight of Feed 750 750 750 750
Weight of Water 1220 1150 1230 1170 1225 1165 1225 1161.667
Temperature of Water 33 52 29 52 28 51 30 51.66667
Time of Start Up 489 476.13 468.4 477.8433333
Papers used 2 2 2 2
Time of ignition 26.4 14.9 22.4 21.23333333
Time of gasification 1036.8 997 1001.3 1011.7
Operation Time 1552.2 1488.03 1492.1 1510.776667

30cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
12V Weight of Feed 750 750 750 750
Weight of Water 1230 1060 1230 1175 1230 1075 1230 1103.333
Temperature of Water 29.5 62 32 54.5 30 60 30.5 58.83333
Time of Start Up 140.4 188.5 150.2 159.7
Papers used 2 2 2 2
Time of ignition 205.2 34.5 30.2 89.96666667
Time of gasification 936.1 954.7 972.1 954.3
Operation Time 1281.7 1177.7 1152.5 1203.966667
 Table 5. Testing of 10cm height at Varying Operating Conditions of Corn cobs for start-up

10cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
5V Weight of Feed 200 200 200 200
Weight of Water 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
Temperature of Water 32 43 32.5 40 31.5 42 32 41.66667
Time of Start Up 130.58 107.3 105.2 114.36
Papers used 4 3 4 3.666666667
Time of ignition 80.53 42.5 40.1 54.37666667
Time of gasification 77.82 85.2 89.2 84.07333333
Operation Time 288.93 235 234.5 252.81

10cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
7V Weight of Feed 200 200 200 200
Weight of Water 950 930 910 905 910 895 923.3333 910
Temperature of Water 31 48 31 46 30 47 30.66667 47
Time of Start Up
Papers used 6 5 5 5.333333333
Time of ignition
Time of gasification
Operation Time 0 0 0

10cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
9V Weight of Feed 200 200 200 200
Weight of Water 910 895 910 900 910 900 910 898.3333
Temperature of Water 29 46 29 46 29 45 29 45.66667
Time of Start Up
Papers used 5 7 6 6
Time of ignition
Time of gasification
Operation Time 0 0 0
 Table 6. Testing of 20cm height at Varying Operating Conditions of Corn cobs for start-up

20cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
5V Weight of Feed 400 400 400 400
Weight of Water 500 395 500 400 500 393 500 396
Temperature of
Water 31 55 31 51 31.5 53 31.16667 53
Time of Start Up 69.6 125.5 61.2 85.43333333
Papers used 2 2 2 2
Time of ignition 33.6 10.6 11.3 18.5
Time of gasification 471.8 548 592.6 537.4666667
Operation Time 575 684.1 665.1 641.4

20cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
7V Weight of Feed 400 400 400 400
Weight of Water 700 650 900 860 900 865 833.3333 791.6667
Temperature of
Water 33 49 32 49 31 47 32 48.33333
Time of Start Up 196.7 196.1 197 196.6
Papers used 2 3 2 2.333333333
Time of ignition 63.6 28 35 42.2
Time of gasification 279.8 222.1 254 251.9666667
Operation Time 540.1 446.2 486 490.7666667

20cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
9V Weight of Feed 400 400 400 400
Weight of Water 910 880 920 890 910 880 913.3333 883.3333
Temperature of
Water 29 42 29.5 42 30 43 29.5 42.33333
Time of Start Up 226.66 309 254.6 263.42
Papers used 3 3 3 3
Time of ignition 216.89 99.2 163.42 159.8366667
Time of gasification 42.41 126.2 63.2 77.27
Operation Time 485.96 534.4 481.22 500.5266667
 Table 7. Testing of 30cm height at Varying Operating Conditions of Corn cobs for start-up

30cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
5V Weight of Feed 600 600 600 600
Weight of Water 500 340 500 325 500 328 500 331
Temperature of Water 31 47.5 30 45 31 44 30.66667 45.5
Time of Start Up 131 154.9 145.6 143.8333333
Papers used 2 4 3 3
Time of ignition 164.4 32.5 28.5 75.13333333
Time of gasification 877.9 956.8 986.4 940.3666667
Operation Time 1173.3 1144.2 1160.5 1159.333333

30cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
7V Weight of Feed 600 600 600 600
Weight of Water 920 785 910 755 910 760 913.3333 766.6667
Temperature of Water 32 45 30 48 31 47 31 46.66667
Time of Start Up 148.6 121.8 136.2 135.5333333
Papers used 3 2 2 2.333333333
Time of ignition 31 129.1 69.2 76.43333333
Time of gasification 528 589.3 542.8 553.3666667
Operation Time 707.6 840.2 748.2 765.3333333

30cm
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
9V Weight of Feed 600 600 600 600
Weight of Water 920 790 910 785 925 795 918.3333 790
Temperature of Water 31 44 29.5 43 30.5 43 30.33333 43.33333
Time of Start Up 293.9 326.7 308.4 309.6666667
Papers used 3 3 3 3
Time of ignition 55.3 42.9 45.67 47.95666667
Time of gasification 433.3 462.2 454.6 450.0333333
Operation Time 782.5 831.8 808.67 807.6566667
 Table 8. Boiling test of Rice husk

Rice Husk

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Weight of Feed 750 750 750 750 750 750

Weight of Water 1000 955 1200 1000 1066.667

Temperature of Water 32 52 33 28.5 31.16667

Time of Start Up 128.5 102.8 192.48 141.26

Papers used 2 2 1 1.666667

Time of ignition 12.7 34.1 196.7 81.16667

Time of gasification 1010.3 997.9 1002.3 1003.5

Time of Boiling 801.8 793.87 805.2 800.29

Table 9. Boiling test of Corn Cobs

Corn Cobs

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Weight of Feed 600 600 600 600 600 600

Weight of Water 1200 1120 1230 1085 1230 1065 1090

Temperature of Water 32 47 31 42 31 44 44.3333

Time of Start Up 218.2 132.5 184.3 178.3333

Papers used 2 2 2 2

Time of ignition 43.8 23 41.3 36.03333

Time of gasification 795.8 811.7 815.3 807.6

Time of Boiling 598.5 603.2 619.5 607.0667

 Table 10. Cooking test of Rice husk

Cooking Test Rice Husk

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Weight of Feed 1000 425 1000 260 1000 315 666.6667

Time of Start Up 195.95 128.4 163.4 162.58

Papers used 2 2 2 2

Time of ignition 228.98 168.4 195.3 197.56

Time of Boiling 525.5 566.6 549.8 547.3

Time of gasification 999.97 1034.7 1005.2 1013.29

Table 11. Cooking test of Corn Cobs

Corn Cobs
Cooking Test

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Weight of Feed 700 104 600 0 650 30 605.3333333

Time of Start Up 210.3 214.8 220.4 215.17

Papers used 2 2 2 2

Time of ignition 66.3 71.12 75.4 70.94

Time of Boiling 230.2 214.1 250.3 231.53

Time of gasification 391.5 364.1 370.4 375.3333333

 APPENDIX B
AUTOCAD (PRE – FAB AND FINAL)

Table 1. Dimensions of the Pre-Fabrication Gasifier Stove

Parts Dimensions
Inner Diameter (Reactor) D=20 cm
H=70 cm
Outer Diameter (Insulator) D=24 cm
H=70 cm
Ash Chamber L=15 cm
W=13 cm
H=13 cm
Fun Chamber L=15cm
W=13 cm
H=13 cm

Figure 1. Design and Pre-fabricated gasifier stove

Figure 2. Autocad of Pre-Fabricated Gasifier Stove
Figure 3. Final Design of Continuous Multi-Feed Gasifier Stove
Figure 4. Fabricated Gasifier Stove
Figure 5. Top View Design of the burner (left) and Fabricated Burner (right)

Figure 6. Front View Design of burner (left) and Fabricated burner (right)
 Figure 7. Top View of Char Chamber

Figure 8. Front View Design of Char Chamber (left) and Fabricated Char Chamber
Figure 9. Front View Design of the Reactor (left) and Fabricated Reactor

Figure 10. Front View Design of the hopper (left) and Fabricated Hopper
Design Specification of the Fabricated Gasifier Stove

Top View

Front View
Figure 11. Detail of the Burner
 Top View

Front View
Figure 12. Detail of the Char Chamber
 Top View

Front View
Figure 13. Detail of the Reactor
 Top View

Front View
Figure 14. Detail of the Hopper
 APPENDIX C
GATHERING AND PRE – TREATMENT OF FEEDSTOCK

Figure 1. Collecting and Gathering of Rice husk and Corn Cobs

Figure 2. Size reduction of Corn Cob
Figure 3. Drying of rice husk

Figure 4. Drying of corn cobs

 APPENDIX D
EXPERIMENTATION

Figure 1. Water boiling test using rice husk as a fuel

Figure 2. Water boiling test using corn cobs as a fuel
Figure 3. Cooking Test using Rice husk as a fuel
Figure 4. Cooking Test using Corn cobs as fuel
 APPENDIX E
OPERATION MANUAL AND TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE

Gasifier Stove Operation Manual

1. Prepare the biomass fuel. The fuel should be dry to avoid inconveniences.

2. Remove the burner seated on top of the reactor and load the fuel into the reactor by using

a scoop or directly pouring the biomass fuel from the container.

3. Tear paper into small pieces and place them on top of the biomass fuel.

4. Lit another piece of paper using a match stick and drop on top the biomass fuel then Plug-

In the fan to provide the air needed for proper combustion of fuel.

5. Allow the surface of the fuel column to totally burn before placing the burner on top.

6. Allow the fuel to burn, then lit or ignite the gas at the burner using a match stick or a piece

of paper. Adjust fan setting until proper burning of fuel is attained.

7. Place a casserole or a pot on top of the burner.

8. Pag nafeel mo nang wala na o paubos na yung fuel, dahan dahan na magsudsod ng fuel sa

hopper para tuloy tuloy ang apoy. (pa English bes hahaha)

9. When all the fuel is completely burned and stops producing gas, it means that the operation

is finished. Shut Off the fan to keep the smoke from coming out of the stove.

10. Remove the ash from the chamber using a long stick and properly dispose.
 TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE
Trouble Possible Cause Action Required

Not plugged Plugged to an outlet

Fan fails to operate Faulty circuit Check circuit

Low air flow Use knob to increase air flow

Wet biomass fuel Dry the biomass fuel

Insufficient particle size If too large, reduce the size of

the biomass fuel

Biomass fuel fails to burn or If too small, do not put too

it produces lot of smoke much feed in the reactor and

hopper to avoid too much

compactness

Insufficient air flow Use knob to increase air flow

Too much air Control air flow using the

knob
Gas not burning properly
Clogged burner (with paper Clean burner or remove

or ash) clogging

Too much air supply Reduce air flow using knob

Smoke coming out of the
Loosely fitted burner Provide insulation (e.g.,
burner
assembly sawdust)

Syngas coming out of the Loosely fitted cover

Tightly seal the hopper
hopper