Electromagnetic Propagation and Microresistivity

Schlumberger

MicroSFL* Mudcake Correction

Rxo-3

Standard MicroSFL
MSFL version III mudcake correction, 8-in. borehole
3.0

2.5
hmc 1 in. [25.4 mm]
2.0
RMSFLcor /RMSFL

⁄ in. [19 mm]

34
1.5

⁄ in. [6.4 mm]

14
⁄ in. [12.7 mm]
12

1.0
0.9
0.8
0 in.
0.7 ⁄ in. [3.2 mm]
18

0.6
1 2 5 10 20 50 100
RMSFL/Rmc

Slimhole MicroSFL
Slim MSFL mudcake correction, 8-in. borehole
3.0

2.5
1 in. [25.4 mm] ⁄ in. [19 mm]
34
2.0 Rxo
hmc
RMSFLcor /RMSFL

1.5

14 ⁄ in. [6.4 mm]

⁄ in. [12.7 mm]
12
1.0
0.9
0.8 0 – 1⁄8 in. [0 – 3.2 mm]
0.7
0.6
1 2 5 10 20 50 100
RMSFL/Rmc
*Mark of Schlumberger
© Schlumberger

Example: R MLL = 9.0 ohm-m

R mc = 0.15 ohm-m at formation temperature
h mc = 9.5 mm
giving R MLL /R mc = 9.0/0.15 = 60
Therefore, R MLLcor /R MLL = 2
and R MLLcor = 2(9.0) = 18 ohm-m

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Resistivity
Schlumberger

Dual Laterolog (D/E) Borehole Correction

Rcor-2b

Deep Laterolog
DLT-D/E (LLD) centered, thick beds
1.5

Hole diameter (in.)

30 28 26 24 22 20 18
RLLDcor/RLLD

16 14
1 12
10
8
6

0.5
1 10 100 1000 10,000
RLLD/Rm

Shallow Laterolog
DLT-D/E (LLS) centered, thick beds
2

Rcor

1.5
30 28 26 24
22
20
RLLScor/RLLS

18
16
14
12
10
1
8
6
Hole diameter (in.)

0.5
1 10 100 1000 10,000
RLLS/Rm
© Schlumberger

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 Resistivity
Schlumberger

Dual Laterolog (D/E) Borehole Correction

Rcor-2c

Deep Laterolog
DLS-D/E eccentered (standoff = 1.5 in.), thick beds
1.4

1.3

1.2
Hole diameter (in.)
RLLDcor /RLLD

1.1 16 14
12
10 300
1.0 8 250
400 350 200
0.9
Hole diameter (mm)
0.8

0.7
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 5000 10,000
RLLD /Rm

Shallow Laterolog
DLS-D/E eccentered (standoff = 1.5 in.), thick beds
1.6

1.5
(mm)
1.4 400
Hole diameter
RLLScor /RLLS

1.3 (in.)
350
16
1.2 14
Rcor 12 300
1.1 10
250
8
1.0 200
0.9
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 5000 10,000
RLLS /Rm
© Schlumberger

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Resistivity
Schlumberger

Dual Laterolog (D/E) Bed-Thickness Corrections

Rcor-10
DLS-D/E

Deep Laterolog
No invasion, semi-infinite shoulder, 8-in. [203-mm] borehole, squeeze: Rt /Rm ≈ 30, antisqueeze: Rs/Rm ≈ 30
2.4

2.2
500
2.0 200
100
1.8 50
20
1.6 10 RLLD /RS
RLLDcor /RLLD

5
1.4 500
RLLD /RS

2
1.2 10
2
1.0 1 0.5
0.5
0.2 0.05 0.1
0.8 0.1
0.01
0.02
0.6 0.005 0.005

0.4
1 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 (ft)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 (m)
Bed thickness

Shallow Laterolog
No invasion, semi-infinite shoulder, 8-in. [203-mm] borehole, squeeze: Rt /Rm ≈ 30, antisqueeze: Rs/Rm ≈ 30
2.4
Rcor
2.2
500
2.0 200
50
10
1.8
20
1.6 2 5
RLLScor /RLLS

100
1.4 RLLS/RS
RLLS /RS

1.2 500
10
1.0 2
1 0.5
0.8 0.5 0.1
0.2 0.05
0.1 0.005
0.6 0.02 0.01
0.005
0.4
1 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 (ft)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 (m)
Bed thickness
© Schlumberger

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 Resistivity
Schlumberger

SFL* Spherically Focused Resistivity Borehole Correction

Rcor-1
Recorded with DIS-DB, EA or equivalent

1.5

1.4 Tool centered, thick beds

11⁄2 -in. [38-mm] standoff
1.3
16
400
RSFLcor /RSFL

1.2 14
350
12 300
1.1
10 250
1.0 8 200

0.9 6 150
Hole diameter (in.) (mm)
0.8
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 5000 10,000

*Mark of Schlumberger
RSFL/Rm
© Schlumberger

Most resistivity measurements should be corrected for borehole proper borehole diameter, and read the correction factor from
effect. Charts Rcor-1 and Rcor-8 provide the borehole correction the ordinate.
for the 16-in. Normal and the SFL measurements. The chart contains curves for a centered tool and for a tool
To use, the ratio of the resistivity measurement divided by with 11⁄2-in. standoff.
the mud resistivity, R m , is entered in abscissa. Proceed to the

Rcor

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 Resistivity
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Induction Log Borehole Correction

Rcor-4a

Hole diameter (mm)

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
0.01 –10
6FF40, ID For very low mud resistivities,
IM divide Rm scale by 10 and
6FF28 0.009 –5
multiply hole signal scale by 10.
0

0.008 0

5
2
0
0.007 5

1.0
Borehole geometrical factor
0.006 10

0.5
0

Hole signal (mS/m)

0.3 )
m
0.005 15

m-
Standoff (in.)

0.2 (oh
m
1.5

R
38 2.5 1.5 0.004 20
2.0 64 38
51
0.5 0.003 25
12
0.1
2.0
51
0.002 30
5

1.0
0 .0

25 2.5
64 0.001 35

Rcor
0 40

Hole signal = hole GF/Rm

–0.001 45
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Hole diameter (in. )
© Schlumberger

The hole-conductivity signal is to be subtracted, where neces-
sary, from the induction log conductivity reading before other
corrections are made.† This correction applies to all zones
(including shoulder beds) having the same hole size and mud
resistivity.
† Some induction logs, especially in salty muds, are adjusted so that the hole
signal for the nominal hole size is already subtracted out of the recorded curve.
Refer to the log heading.
Rcor-4 gives corrections for 6FF40 or ID, IM and 6FF28 for
various wall standoffs. Dashed lines illustrate the use of the chart
for a 6FF40 sonde with a 1.5-in. standoff in a 14.6-in. borehole,
and R m = 0.35 ohm-m. The hole signal is found to be 5.5 mS/m.
If the log reads R I = 20 ohm-m, C I (conductivity) = 50 mS/m.
The corrected C I is then (50 – 5.5) = 44.5 mS/m. R I = 1000/44.5
= 22.4 ohm-m.

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 Resistivity
Schlumberger

Induction Log Correction for Thin Conductive Beds

Rcor-7
6FF40, ID, 6FF28

Computed for a shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR)

setting of 1 ohm-m (refer to log heading)

6FF40 or ID
Rt > 1 ohm-m
1.0
ess
hickn
Bed t (m)
(ft) 1.2
4
0.8
0.9 1 .1
3.5
0.9
Rt /Rs
RIDcor /RID 3 0.6
0.8
0.8
2.5 0.5
0 .6
0.4
2
0.7 0.3

0.2

0.1
0.05
0.6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
RID /Rs
© Schlumberger

Charts Rcor-5, Rcor-6 and Rcor-7 correct the induction logs Example: R ID = 4.2 ohm-m
(6FF40, ID, 6FF28 and IM) for bed thickness. A skin-effect R IM = 6.0 ohm-m Rcor
correction is included in these charts.
R S = 2.0 ohm-m
To use, select the chart appropriate for the tool type and for
the adjacent bed resistivity (R S). For Charts Rcor-5 and Rcor-6, Bed thickness = 3 m
enter the bed thickness and proceed upward to the proper R a giving, from the R S = 2 ohm-m charts,
curve. Read the corrected resistivity value (R t) in ordinate. R IDcor = 4.5 ohm-m
For Chart Rcor-7, enter the chart with the R ID /R S ratio
R IMcor = 6.2 ohm-m
(apparent ID reading/adjacent bed resistivity) and go upward
to the bed thickness. Read the correction factor (R IDcor /R ID) For the small-diameter 6FF28, multiply the bed thickness by
in ordinate. 1.43 before entering these correction charts. For example, in a
7-ft bed, the bed thickness used in correcting the 6FF28 reading
is 10 ft (7 × 1.43 = 10).

6-11
 Resistivity
Schlumberger

Induction Log Bed-Thickness Correction

Rcor-5
6FF40 (ID) and 6FF28

Computed for a shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR)

setting of 1 ohm-m (refer to log heading)
200 200

50
100 45 100 50
80 40 80 45
60 60 40
35 35
30 30
40 40
25 25
20 20
20 20
15 15

10 10 10 10
8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6

RIDcor 4 4 RIDcor 4 4
3 3

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Ra Ra
Rs = 1 ohm-m (ohm-m) Rs = 2 ohm-m (ohm-m)
0.1 0.1
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m)

Bed thickness Bed thickness

200 200

80
100 100 70
80 50 80 60
45 60 50
60 40
35 40
Rcor 40 30 40
30
25
20 20 20
20
15 15

10 10 10 10
8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6

RIDcor 4 4 RIDcor 4 4
3 3

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Ra Ra
Rs = 4 ohm-m (ohm-m) Rs = 10 ohm-m (ohm-m)
0.1 0.1
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m)

© Schlumberger
Bed thickness Bed thickness

For the small-diameter 6FF28 sonde, multiply the bed thickness a 7-ft bed, the bed thickness used in correcting the 6FF28
by 1.43 before entering these correction charts. For example, in reading is 10 ft (7 × 1.43 = 10).

6-12
Resistivity
Schlumberger

Induction Log Bed-Thickness Correction

Rcor-6
IM medium induction

200 200
100
90 70
100 80 100 70
70 60
80 80 60
60 50 50
60 60
40 40
40 30 40
30

20 20
20 20
15 15

10 10 10 10
8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6

RIMcor 4 4 RIMcor 4 4
3 3
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Ra Ra
Rs = 1 ohm-m (ohm-m) Rs = 2 ohm-m (ohm-m)
0.1 0.1
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m)

Bed thickness Bed thickness

200 200

100
80
100 70 100 80
80 60 80 70
60
60 50 60 50
40 40
40 40
30 30
20 20
Rcor
20 20
15 15

10 10 10 10
8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6

RIMcor 4 4 RIMcor 4 4
3 3

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Ra Ra
Rs = 4 ohm-m (ohm-m) Rs = 10 ohm-m (ohm-m)
0.1 0.1
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (ft)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (m)
Bed thickness Bed thickness

© Schlumberger

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Resistivity
Schlumberger

Dual Laterolog–Rxo Device

Rint-9b
DLT-D/E LLD–LLS–Rxo device

Thick beds, 8-in. [203-mm] hole,

no annulus, no transition zone, Rxo /Rm = 50,
use data corrected for borehole effect
100
20 30 40 50
80 60
0.50 100
0.75 80
60 1.01 1.27
1.52
70 2.03 100

40 120
50
Rt 3.04
30 di (in.)
Rxo
1.1 30 di (m)
20 1.2
1.3
1.4
15 20 1.6
1.8
15
10

8 Rt
10
RLLD
6
7
RLLD /Rxo
4 5

3
3
2
2
1.5 1.5
Rint

1
di (in.) Rt
0.8 Rxo
di (m)
0.6
100
2.54 60 0.4
0.4 1.52 40
30
0.3 1.01 20
0.75 0.2
0.50
0.2
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 10 15 20 30 40 50
RLLD /RLLS
© Schlumberger

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Resistivity
Schlumberger

DIL* Dual Induction–SFL* Spherically Focused Resistivity Log

Rint-2b
ID–IM–SFL

Thick beds, 8-in. [203-mm] hole, skin-effect corrected,

DIS-EA or equivalent

Rxo /Rm ≈ 20

Rxo
40
20 Rt 50
30 60
30
25 70
.)
(in 25
di
80
20
20 90

10
9 15
15
8
0.95 0.85
Rt 1.0
7 0.75
RD
10
6
RSFL /RID 1.27 1.52
) 1.01
5 d i (m 1.78
0.75
0.63 7
4
0.50
5
3
0.38
Rint

3
2

1
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9

RIM /RID
*Mark of Schlumberger
© Schlumberger

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 Resistivity
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DIL* Dual Induction–SFL* Spherically Focused Resistivity Log

Rint-2c
ID–IM–SFL

Thick beds, 8-in. [203-mm] hole, skin-effect corrected,

DIS-EA or equivalent
40

Rxo /Rm ≈ 100

30

Rxo 50
20 40 60
70
) Rt
di (in. 80
30
30 90
25

25
20

20

10 15
9
15
8

7 1.01 1.27 1.52

2.03
)
RSFL/RID d i (m
6 0.75 10
0.63 0.95 0.90 0.80
5 Rt 1.0
0.50 RID
7
4
0.38

Rint 5
3

3
2

1
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9
RIM /RID
*Mark of Schlumberger
© Schlumberger

6-16