UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA

Calidad, Pertinencia y Calidez

Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas y de la Salud
CARRERA DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS

INGLÉS TÉCNICO I

“HEALTH AND ILLNESS”

STUDENTS:
María Belén Alvarado Mora
Javier Edison Jaramillo Tenorio
Andreina Mishelle Orellana Castro

PROFESSOR:
Lcda. Maribel Barreto Huilcapi

COURSE:
SÉPTIMO SEMESTRE “A”

DATE:
MACHALA, 12TH JUN 2018
D1 – 2018
OBJETIVO GENERAL:
To impart the basic knowledge about the disease, its meaning, and its vocabulary,
through the systematic review of bibliographic content, in order to obtain a better
knowledge of the subject in the English professorship

INTRODUCTION

Sickness has a similar meaning to illness. It is also used in the names of a few specific
diseases, for example: sleeping sickness and travel sickness. Patient also talk about
sickness when they mean naucea and vomiting.

DISEASE vs SICKNESS vs ILLNESS

DISEASE

It means "disease", "affection". It usually has a sense of serious illness, often linked to a
viral or bacterial infection (such as an epidemic or contagious disease). It can be applied
to people, animals or plants.

Usually used when specifying a part of the body. For example:

 A skin disease = Una enfermedad de la piel.

 "Diseased = infectado

Sentences:

 Ebola is a nasty disease to get.

 AIDS is a disease that is hard to talk about.

SICKNESS

It means "disease." It is generally used to refer to a common disease of little severity or

a state of health (chronic disease). It is also often used to express that we feel
"indisposed" (dizziness, nausea, etc.).

In the USA it is more common to use "sickness" than "illness" to refer to the concept of
"disease".

For example: "Sick" = enfermo

Sentences:

 Health is not valued until sickness comes.

1
 Eastern medicine is not about curing your sickness. It's about keeping you well.

ILLNESS

It means "disease", "ailment". It is usually used to express a temporary ache or pain

(such as a backache, headache, etc.), usually of small intensity.

It is usually used to refer to the concept of "disease" in general terms. It is also used to
refer to madness or mental illness.

For example: "Ill" = enfermo, mal, malo

Sentences:

 Stress is nothing more than a socially acceptable form of mental illness.

 People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time
for illness.

MAIN DISEASES

The main diseases with the highest incidence in the equator are arterial hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, gastroenteritis, dengue and pneumonia.

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Hypertension is the increase of normal values of blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure
(SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (PAD) ≥ 90 mmHg. The causes are:
obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, etc.

DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, its characteristic is the high concentration of

glucose in the blood persistently or chronically, due to a defect in the production of
insulin or a resistance to the action of this to use glucose. Its cause can be genetic or
environmental factors. The symptoms are: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia and
asthenia.

GASTROENTERITIS

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastric and intestinal mucosa, its cause is

infectious, it is caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites, its symptoms are: liquid stools
with vomiting, fever and abdominal pain.

2
DENGUE

Dengue is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, of the flavivirus genus that
is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly by Aedes aegypti. The symptoms are: fever over
38 ° C, headache, arthralgia, myalgia and rash.

PNEUMONIA

Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory process of the pulmonary parenchyma of

infectious origin, caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. The symptoms are: fever> 39 ° C
sudden onset, cough, pleural pain, presence of pulmonary infiltrates on the chest x-ray.

PROBABLE MEANING OF WHAT THE PATIENT SAYS.

The patient during the consultation will tell us how he feels.
The episode of attention begins with the reason why the patient consults the doctor. It is
a period of direct and frank communication, in which the patient transmits his situation
or doubts, where he gives his explanations and relaxes, and the doctor performs an active
listening, creating a climate of serenity and security, to capture his needs. In the clinical
history is collected with the literal expression offered by the patient, and serves as a
trigger for decisions and actions that will take the health professional
Reason for consultation.
Symptom
Pain
Sensory localized and subjective perception that can be more or less intense, annoying or
unpleasant and that is felt in a part of the body.
vomit
force the contents of the stomach to rise through the esophagus and out through the mouth.
Fever
Annoying feeling that is felt in a part of the body and that causes the need to scratch.

3
Symptom
it is the subjective reference that a patient gives of the perception that he recognizes as
anomalous or caused by a pathological state or a disease

Itch Annoying feeling that is felt in a part of the body and that causes the
need to scratch.

Cough Abrupt, violent and noisy expulsion of air contained in the lungs
produced by irritation of the respiratory tract

Diarrhea Intestinal alteration characterized by the greater frequency, fluidity

and, often, volume of bowel movements.

EXAMPLE:
• The injury caused a great amount of pain.
• Going to the dentist is a royal pain.
• the patient in Guayaquil has vomited for two days
• Ricardo has a fever since yesterday
• my nose itches.
• The new skin will itch as it grows. Freckles may temporarily disappear.
• The first cough is emerging diseases.
• The typical paroxysmal cough is usually seen in young children.
• The incidence of diarrhea has seen a steep decline.
• Three-quarters of them could have survived diarrhea or malaria if they had been
properly nourished.

4
 POSSIBLE MEANING
In English, When the patient uses the word '' Sick '' the meaning in context is that he has
some unspecified symptom

Patient Says Possible Meannings

I Was sick this I was ill this morning

morning
I felt unwell this morning
I vomited this morning

I feel sick I feel ill

I feel unwell
I am nauseous
I feel the need to vomir

Examples:
• He's taking a sick student home.
• The adult blood makes them sick.
• You got sick from drink again yesterday.
• Lane called in sick this morning.
• He was home was very sick.

Sickness
Sickness has a similar meaning to illness.
• It is also used in the names of a few specific diseases
• for example
• sleeping sickness
• travel sickness
• Addison Sicknsss
• Crohn´s Snickness

5
 Examples

• A 12-year-old patient presented with sleeping sickness

• The doctor diagnoses the patient the travel sickness
• Crohn´s Snickness is a chronic inflammatory disease with intermittent
manifestations that mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract
• Addison Sicknsss is a hormonal deficiency caused by damage to the adrenal
gland which causes primary hypofunction or insufficiency corticosuprarrenal

PHRASAL VERBS

Recovery:

When patients return to normal health after illness, they have recovered. We can also
say:

The patient made a good full complete recovery

If a patient's health is in the process of returning to normal, the patient is improving.

The opposite is deteriorating. We can also say that the patient´s condition improved or
deteriorated. In speech, we often use the verb get to talk about change:

over To recover
Get Better To improve
worse To deteriorate

Get over

This phrase is used to say when a person has overcome or recovered his health.

Example:

 Alexander achieved get over a brain cancer.

 Hugo could get over an asthma crisis.
 Andrea achieved get over a liver disease.
 Maria could get over a stroke when she was 25 years old.

6
  Luis achieved get over a thyroid cancer that it was detected in stage four.

Get Better

To say that a patient has improved, or has recovered from a disease. The phrase is used:
get better.

Example:

 Carmen could get better the pneumonia in her second day of hospitalization.
 Mario and Luis get better after of car accident in Guayaquil.
 Tania get better favorably for her hypoglycemia complication.
 Elena could get better of depression in six months.
 Fernando get better of perone fracture after surgery.

Get Worse

This phrasal verb is used for to say that a disease has evolved unfavorably.

Example:

 I am sure we can get over those the cancer in the future.

 We need to get over this period of weakness of the illness.

If a patient is better, but then gets worse again, the patient has relapsed. Another word
ford improvement, especially in recurring conditions such as cancer, is remission.

Example:

Two years later she remains in complete

remission.

7
We can use a lot of phrasal verbs to talk about illnesses. Look at these examples for 1-2
minutes and try to remember as many as possible. Then click to hide the information
and try to answer the questions.

Phrasal Verb Meaning

You'll throw up if you keep eating. be sick, vomit

I think I'm coming down with a cold. become sick (not serious)

It took me weeks to get over my cold. recover from sth

I'll pass out if you don't open a window. faint, lose consciousness

When she came to, she was in hospital. recover consciousness

When she came round, she was in hospital. recover consciousness

Eat oranges to help fight off a cold. stop yourself getting ill

I've broken out in a rash. sth appears suddenly

He was run over by a lorry. hit by a vehicle

He passed away peacefully in the night. die

There are also some adjectives which look like phrasal verbs to talk about illness.

I feel really worn out. = tired

I feel really run down. = tired and ill

Some phrasal verbs can become nouns. For example to break out can also mean to start
suddenly. The noun is an outbreak.

Bird 'flu has broken out in China. (verb)

There has been an outbreak of bird 'flu in China. (noun)

8
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Gledinning E. & Howard R., Professional English in Use . Cambridge. Ribes, R., &
Ros, P. (2010). Ingles Medico (1st ed.).