With economy still fail-

Carlos III ing, Louis XVI convokes

the Assembly of Nota- Louis XVI calls the Estates
bles to discuss economic -General (clergy, nobility,
and now the lay people) to
reforms proposed by
Baron Jacques Tur- Louis XVI be- Jacques Nester Benjamin With French discuss taxation and re-
Charles de Calonne. Cut
got becomes tax comes King of replaces Turgot Franklin get aid, the US is form. The Third Estate
Govt. spending, sell
collector of Li- France — initiates and he supports France to able to defeat (the lay people) decide to
church property, and
moges (poorest stiff economic the American agree to a the British in universalize the land not to discuss taxes but
area of France) / reforms of Turgot Revolution. To Treaty of the final Bat- taxes. The nobles fail to ways they can govern
Makes tax reform (tight budget no do so he raises Alliance and tle of York- themselves. They would
concede to these new
more equitable and abuses) and alien- taxes and takes fight Britain become the National As-
measures and further
distributes it more ates himself. He out international together. sembly.
weaken the crown.
fairly among bene- opposed support- loans. Túpac Amaru
factors ing the American rebellion. Britain recognizes US In- 1st Presidential Elections
Revolution. dependence. Charles IV in US

1761 1774 1776 1778 1781 1783 1788 1789

The Reign of Napoleonic Code

The Robespierres, Napoleon Napoleon of Law adopted.
Terror Begins who lead the Jaco- defeats sponsors a
under the Religious freedom,
bin Club and sup- Royalist coup d’tat and no inherited privi-
Abolition of leadership of port Napoleon, insurrec- topples Revo-
Maximilien lege, publication of
Monarchy in lose power in the tion. lutionary gov-
Robespierre. civil codes, hus-
France. General Assem- ernment.
“Punish the band’s rights.
bly.
France goes oppressors”.
to war with France de- Paraguay-
clares war on Louisiana Purchase Courts of Cadiz
Austria and Independence
Britain Ferdinand VII
Prussia.
John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison Morelos

1792 1793 1794 1795 1797 1799 1801 1803 1804 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811

Napoleon invades Venezuela and Ar-

Spain. gentina’s first Juntas Argentine
Louis XVI beheaded Capital of the Portu-
Argentines defend against Triumvirate
British Invasion. guese Kingdom is Miranda
transferred to Rio de
Louis XVII “officially” King, but Janeiro of Portugal. Hidalgo-Grito
never ruled.
US stops importing
slaves.
 Bolívar’s new war campaigns to
Iturbide fights Hidalgo and liberate all of New Granada
Morelos
Republic of
Bolívar
Liberal Bolívar Santa Anna
Constitu- proclaims returns with
tion in to be the Napoleon Plan of Santa Republican Queen Christina & Liberals
Mexico Liberator is defeated Iguala Anna Govt. and VS. Carlistas (Borbones)
by British goes declares Venezuela
Spanish into war on separates
Constitution Spain. from the
Ferdinand VII exile
In Exile Colombia

1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1820 1821 1822 1823 1825 1826 1829 1830 1831 1833 1834 1840

Fights between Caudillos for Power in Argentina Juan Manuel de Rosas be-
James (Federalists versus Unionists) comes “The Caudillo”.
Madison’s (Federalist)
Second San Martin becomes
Term protector of Peru.
Pedro I of Brazil abdicates as Pedro I conquest of
King of Portugal Portugal
San Martin liberates Chile
and Peru
San Martin crosses Andes San Martin meets
Argentine Independence Bolívar and then heads Pedro I of Brazil abdicates Brazil title.
James James off to Europe.
Monroe Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine (no European Interference in the Americas)
2nd Term

Missouri Compromise
(North vs. South on slavery) US buys
Florida

Pedro I becomes Emperor of

Brazil, while his father returns
to Portugal to become King.