�plura

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�Regular Plurals:

Rule:1 nouns + s

• bag = bags

• cup = cups

• email = emails

• god = gods

• house = houses

• student = students

Rule:2 nouns ending with …x/ch/sh/s/ss/z/zz + es (regular plural)

• bench = benches

• box = boxes

• bus = buses

• buzz = buzzes

• class = classes

• dish = dishes

• whiz(z) = whizzes

Exception :

• epoch = epochs

• stomach = stomachs
Rule :3 nouns ending with …o + es (regular plural)

• buffalo = buffaloes

• domino = dominoes

• echo = echoes

• hero = heroes

• mango = mangoes

• potato = potatoes

• tomato = tomatoes

Exceptions …o + s(regular plural)

• auto = autos

• kilo = kilos

• memo = memos

• photo = photos

• piano = pianos

• studio = studios

• zoo = zoos

• cargo = cargos/cargoes

• zero = zeros/zeroes

Rule: 4 nouns ending with …consonant + y = ies (regular plural)

• baby = babies

• daisy = daisies

• fly = flies

• lady = ladies

• story = stories

Rule: 5 nouns ending with …vowel + y = s (regular plural)

• boy = boys

• chimney = chimneys

• day = days

• essay = essays

• key = keys

• play = plays

• toy = toys

• valley = valleys

Rule:6 nouns ending with …f/fe = ves (regular plural)

• knife = knives

• life = lives

• loaf = loaves

• scarf = scarves

• self = selves

• thief = thieves
• wife = wives

• wolf = wolves

Exceptions :

• belief = beliefs

• chief = chiefs

• cliff = cliffs

• roof = roofs

�Irregular Plurals

Rule:1 a = e(Irregular Plural)

• gentleman = gentlemen

• man = men

• policeman = policemen

• postman = postmen

• woman = women

Rule:2 en (Irregular Plural)

• child = children

• ox = oxen

• brother = brethren

Rule:3 oo = ee (Irregular Plural)

• foot = feet

• goose = geese

• tooth = teeth

Exceptions:

• book = books

• hook = hooks

• roof = roofs

• room = rooms

Rule:4 …ouse = …ice(Irregular Plural)

• louse = lice

• mouse = mice

Others

• blouse = blouses

• house = houses

Rule:5 …um/on = …a(Irregular Plural)

• automaton = automata
• bacterium = bacteria

• criterion = criteria

• curriculum = curricula

• datum = data

• erratum = errata

• medium = media

• ovum = ova

• phenomenon= phenomena

• phylum = phyla

Rule:6 …a = …ae(Irregular Plural)

• alga = algae

• alumna = alumnae

• amoeba = amoebae

• antenna = antennae

• formula = formulae

• larva = larvae

• nebula = nebulae

• vertebra = vertebrae

• vita = vitae

Rule:7 …us = …i(Irregular Plural)

• alumnus = alumni
• bacillus = bacilli

• cactus = cacti

• focus = foci

• fungus = fungi

• nucleus = nuclei

• octopus = octopi

• radius = radii

• stimulus = stimuli

• syllabus = syllabi

• terminus = termini

Rule:8 …us = …a(Irregular Plural)

• corpus = corpora

• genus = genera

Rule:9 …i(s) = …e(s) (Irregular Plural)

• analysis = analyses

• axis = axes

• basis = bases

• crisis = crises

• diagnosis = diagnoses

• ellipses = ellipsis

• hypothesis = hypothesis
• oasis = oases

• parenthesis= parentheses

• synopsis = synopses

• thesis = theses

Rule:10 …e/Ix = …ices(Irregular Plural)

• apex = apices

• appendix = appendices

• codex = codices

• index = indices

• matrix = matrices

• vortex = vortices

Rule:11 …eau = …eaux(Irregular Plural)

• beau = beaux

• bureau = bureaux

• chateau = chateaux

• plateau = plateaux

• tableau = tableaux

Rule:12 Singular-Plural same

• aircraft = aircraft
• cod = cod

• deer = deer

• fish = fish

• means = means

• offspring = offspring

• series = series

• sheep = sheep

• species = species

Rule:13 Some other Italian Words in plural:

• concerto = concerti

• graffito = graffiti

• libretto = libret

• tempo = tempi

• virtuoso = virtuosi

Rule:14 Some Hebrew Words in Plural:

• cherub = cherubim

• seraph = seraphim