LECTIA 13 – LESSON 13

DOCUMENTE SPECIFICE – SPECIFIC DOCUMENTS

FREIGHT – NAVLUL

Definition: It is the price which the owner of the vessel must receive for the carriage of the
merchandise from one harbor to another on the most direct route. (este pretul pe care
navlositorul il plateste armatorului pentru deplasarea marfurilor dintr-un port in altul pe ruta cea
mai directa)

Types of freight (tipuri de navluri)

- By unites of weight or volume of cargoes – pe unitate de greutate sau volum al marfii

- Lump sum freight – navlu lump sum
- In case of oil tankers the price is established by reference to World Scale – In cazul
tancurilor petroliere, navlul se stabileste prin referire la World Scale
- Freight determined based on the deadweight tonnage – navlul determinat pe baza
tonajului
- Freight as percentage of the value of the merchandise – navlu ca procent din valoare
marfii

Adjusting freight according to a series of factors (ajustarea in functie de o serie de factori)

- The price of the fuel or BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor) – pretul combustibilului
- Exchange rate or CAF (Curency Adjustment Factor) – cursul valutar

Adjusting freight according to a series of factors (alti factori care influenteaza navlul)

The type of merchandise – felul marfii

The ship’s capacity – capacitatea navei
The distance between the ports – distanta parcursa in mars
The ship’s classification – clasificarea navei
The loading / unloading norms – norme de incarcare – descarcare
Port facilities, simultaneous operational capacity – gradul de dotare a porturilor, capacitatea de
operare simultana
The level of transit fees through channels and straight – nivelul taxelor de tranzitare prin canale
si stramtori
The level of port D/A (Disbursements account) – nivelul taxelor portuare
The price of fuel – pretul combustibilului
The distance of the loading port on fixing of the vessel – distant de unde se gaseste nava fata de
portul de incarcare in momentul angajarii
The possibility for the loading of the ship for the returned trip – posibilitatea incarcarii cu
marfuri a navei la cursa de retur
Geographical situation of the harbor as to the ice risk – situatia geografica a portului privind
posibilitatea riscului de inghet
Level of dispatch and demurrage – nivelul dispatch si demmurage

TYPES OF CONTRACTS – TIPURI DE CONTRACTE

Bareboat Charter

Has as basis the standard contract drafted by the Commission for the Documentation of the
International Baltic Convention – Copenhagen (are la baza contractul standard elaborate de
Comisia de Documentare a Conferintei Internationale Baltice - Copenhaga)
Utilized in Romania since 1990 – Utilizat in Romania din 1990
The owner sets at disposal the bare ship – armatorul pune la dispozitie nava nuda

The charterer has the following obligations (obligatiile navlositorului):

- To play broker, harbor fees – a plati brokerii, taxele portuare
- Takes care of the expedition, reception, loading and unloading of the merchandise – se
ocupa de expediere, receptive, incarcarea si descarcarea marfurilor
- Repairs of the ship, securing spare parts, replacing the equipment, supplies technical,
maritime and medical assistance – repararea navei, asigurarea pieselor de schimb,
inlocirea echipajului, furnizeazaasistenta tehnica, maritima si medicala
- Settle the claims, pay insurance – solutioneaza reclamatii, plateste asigurari
- Obtains the necessary documents and responds to consular demands – sa obtina
documentele necesare si sa raspunda solicitarilor consulare
- To pay the hire within 7 days of each month (in advance) – sa plateasca chiria in primele
7 zile ale fiecarei luni in avans
- General representation – de reprezentare generala
- Obligations to grant face owner to ship documents – obligatii privind punerea la
dispozitia armatorului a tuturor documentelor

BOOKING NOTE
Booking note (contract for fixing port cargo) – contract de navlosire partiala
- It is used for booking – nota de rezervare
 - If it is not followed by signing a charter party, is considered a contract for carriage –
daca nu este urmata de incheierea unui contract charter party echivaleaza cu un contract
de navlosire
- Sets the main conditions in which the shipment is done, respectively the merchandise
which is the object of the contract, the quality and its presentation manner, the loading
and unloading harbor, the name and address of the shipper and recipient, the fright level
– precizeaza conditiile principale in care se executa transportul, respective marfa care
face obiectul transportului, cantitatea si modul de prezentare al acesteia, portul de
incarcare, descarcare, numele si adresa expeditorului, numele si adresa destinatarului,
nivelul navlului

CHARTER PARTY
Charter Party – contract de navlosire globala
The main clauses are (principalele clauze):
- The name of the ship, main characteristics – denumirea navei, caracteristicile principale
- Lay can period – perioada in care nava trebuie sa se prezinte la incarcare
- Manner of notification concerning the arrival of the ship at the loading port – modul de
avizare privind sosirea navei in portul de incarcare
- Description of the merchandise and the quantity to be loaded – descrierea marfii si
cantitatea ce urmeaza sa fie incarcata
- The port of loading and port of unloading – porturile in care trebuie sa opereze nava
- The fright, manner of payment and currency of payment – navlul, modul de plata si
moneda de plata
- Fixing terms, who play the DIA and loading / discharging costs – conditia de angajare,
modul de suportare a cheltuielilor portuare si a costurilor de incarcare / descarcare
- Special causes to be contained by bills of lading and their incorporation to the charter
party – clause special pe care trebuie sa le contina conosamentele si incorporarea acestora
in CH/P
- The deviation clause from the normal route – clauza devierii de la ruta normal de
transport
- Clauses concerning frustration of the voyage which may interfere with the normal
completion of the contract – clause referitoare la forta majora si eventualele evenimente
care ar putea impiedica executarea corecta a contractului
- The ship’s position at the closing of the contract – pozitia navei in momentul incheierii
contractului
- Arbitration clause – clauza de arbitraj
- Sea navigability state clause – starea de navigabilitate
- Shipping register of the vessel – registrul naval al navei
- Deck cargo regime – situatia marfurilor incarcate pe punte
- situatia marfurilor incarcate pe punte

Types of contracts: voyage charter party

consecutive voyage charter party
 CONTRACT OF AFREIGHTMENT
Contract of afreightment – contract de navlosire cantitativa
It is used for the carriage of a single type of merchandise in a large quantity in installments
shipment – este folosit pentru transportul unui singur tip si a unei cantitati inseminate de marfa
livrate in transe
It covers 2 or more voyages or in time – acopera 2 sau mai multe voiaje, sau in timp

It is valid for a longer period of time – se deruleaza pe o perioada indelungata de timp

It is not mentioned the name of the vessel but capacity only – nu se specifica nava, ci numai
cantitatea

BILL OF LADING (B/L)

Bill of lading (B/L) – conosamentul

- It is a document that evidentiates the loading of the merchandise on a ship – este un
document care evidentiaza incarcarea marfurilor pe nava
- The United Nations Convention Concerning Sea Carriage – 1978 – it is a document
which provides a sea transportation contract and consists the taking over and loading of
the merchandise onto the ship by a carrier and its obligativity to deliver the merchandise
versus the presentation of the document – este un document care face dovada unui
contract de transporturi pe mare si consta in preluarea sau incarcarea marfurilor pe nava
de catre un caraus si obligativitatea acestuia de a livra marfurile contra prezentarii
documentului
Functions (functii):
Proof of receipt signed by a carrier – adeverinta de primire semnata de caraus
Proves the existence of the carriage contract – dovada existentei contractului de transport
Representative title of the merchandise – un titlu reprezentativ al marfurilor
It is a credit instrument – este un instrument de credit

- Compulsory contents of the Bill of Lading (elementele B/L obligatorii):

General description of the merchandise – descrierea generala a marfurilor

Name and head office of the carrier – numele
Name of the shipper – numele incarcatorului
Consignee - destinatarul
Loading port – portul de incarcare
Name of the ship – numele navei
Port of destination – portul de descarcare
Place and date of issuance – locul si data emiterii
Freight mode of payment – modalitatea de plata a navlului
Numbers of originals – numarul exemplarelor originale
„on the deck” mention for the cargo loaded on deck – mentiunea ca marfurile sunt incarcate pe
punte
Name of the conventions governing the bil log landing – denumirea conventiei care
reglementeaza B/L
The name of the capitan – master will be specified – numele capitanului (se specifica Master)

- Remarks in connection with apparent state on the Bill of Lading (remarci pe B/L in
legatura cu aparenta buna stare):

Wet merchandise (specific to the cereals) – marfa umeda (specific cerealelor)

Broken bags – saci rupti
Leaking barrels – butoaie care curg

Stages of Bill of Lading issuance (Etapele emiterii B/L):

 The shipper supply’s the carrier with all the necessary data or per mate’s receipt +
cargo list (expeditorul furnizeaza carausului datele necesare, prin mate’s receipt si cargo
list)
 The ship’s agent drafts the Bill of Lading in (agentul navei intocmeste B/L in):
3 originals negociable copies (3 exemplare originale negociabile)
10-15 non negociale copies (10-15 copii nenegociabile)

2 Master’s copies
 B/L is signed upon effectiv loading (se semneaza dupa incarcarea efectiva)

Types of Bill of Loding (Tipuri de B/L):

 According to the property transfer manner (in functie de modul de transmitere a
proprietatii):
Nominal - nominativ
To order – la ordin
To bearer – la purtator
 From the point of view of the moment of the cargo loading on the ship (dpdv al
momentului incarcarii marfii pe nava):
Loaded on board – incarcat la bord
Received for loading – primit spre incarcare
 From the point of view of the route and destination of transport covered (dpdv al rutei si
destinatiei de transport acoperite):
Oceanic – oceanic sau maritim
service (several carriers take part) – de serviciu (participa mai multi carausi)
through (covers all the means of carriage till destination) - direct

 From the point of view of the transport’s continuity (dpdv al continuitatii transportului):
Without frontshipment – fara transbordare
With frontshipment – cu transbordare
 EXECUTION OF THE SEA CARRIAGE CONTRACT –
EXECUTAREA CONTRACTULUI DE TRANSPORT MARITIM

EXECUTION OF THE SEA CARRIAGE CONTRACT – EXECUTAREA

CONTRACTULUI DE TRANSPORT MARITIM
 The ship’s arrival notice – ETA (Expected Time of Arrival) – anuntul de sosire a navei
 Intermediary notice (15,10,5,3 days prior of arrival at port) - (avizare intermediara
15,10,5,3 zile inainte de sosirea in port)
 Definite notice (48, 24 hours prior the time of arrival) - (avizare definitive – 48,24 ore
inainte de sosire in port)

Free Practice
 approval granded by the port authorities for the ship to commence operation after
customs, sanitary and frontier police arrival control (Libera practica – aprobarea data de
organele portuare pentru ca nava poate incepe operarea dupa ce s-a efectuat controlul
organelor vamale, sanitare si de politie de frontiera)

Notice of Readiness
 represents the notification done by the Master that the ship is ready for loading/
unloading from all points of view (reprezinta notificarea facuta de comandant ca nava
este gata de incarcare/ descarcare din toate punctele de vedere)

_______________ (Ship Company)

Harbour:

Messrs:

Dear Sirs:

NOTICE OF READINESS

This to advise you that subject vessel under my command arived at ___________
hours ____ on _____________ and is in all respects ready to commence
loading/discharging _________________ in acordance with the terms and conditions of
the C/P dated _______________.

RECEIVED BY ACCEPTED Yours faithfully

_____________ ____________ ___________

 Cargo Plan – Planul de incarcare

 is a sketch of the manner of disposal of the merchandise by destination ports bearing in

mind a judicious usage of the spaces, the securing of the integrity of the merchandise
during loading and during voyage maintaining at the same time the stability of the ship. (
reprezinta o schita a modului de dispunere a marfurilor in functie de portul de destinatie,
asigurandu-se folosirea judicioasa a spatiilor, asigurarea integritatii marfurilor in timpul
incarcarii dar mai ales pe parcursul transportului, asigurandu-se in acelasi timp
stabilitatea navei)

When drafting it the following factors are taken into consideration (la intocmirea lui se
tine cont de urmatorii factori):

 The nature of the merchandise (natura marfurilor)

 Weight in comparison with volume (raportul dintre greutate si volum)

 Size of the packages and type of package (dimensiunile coletelor si felul ambalajelor)

 Port rotation, calls for charging and cargo list (rotatia porturilor, ordinea porturilor de
escala)
 The mate’s receipt - Ordinul de imbarco
 is a document whose main function ist o prove the acceptance of the merchandise by the
ship (recipisa primului ofiter) – este un document a carei functie principala este aceea de
a face dovada acceptarii marfii de catre nava)

______________________

(Ship Company) No. __________

MATE’S RECEIPT
Cargo __________________
M/V ___________________________ Destination ______________

Marks No. Quantity Packages m3 Kos (tons)

Port of _______________ Date _____________ Received on board

Agent Chief Mate

 Lay days – Staliile
 time period allocated to the loading / unloading period without penality ( perioada de
timp alocata operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare fara penalizari):
 vReversible (reversibile)– fixed numbers of days allocated for loading and discharging
(nr de zile fixe si totale pentru incarcare si descarcare sau zilele nefolosite la incarcare se
pot folosi la descarcare)
Fixed lay days (fixe)– separated for the loading and unloading operation (separat pentru
portul de incarcare si pentru portul de descarcare)

Determined (determinabile) – per rate for loading/ unloading (dupa rata de operare)

Dispatch money
 amount of money paid by the carrier for the lay days saved ( suma de bani pe care
armatorul o plateste navlositorului pentru tipul de stalii economisit)

Demurrage
 amount of money paid by the charterer to the owner for the exceeding of the lay days
(suma de bani pe care o plateste navlositorul armatorului pentru depasirea timpului de
stalii)

Documents which are the basis for the calculation of the lay days, demurrage, dispatch
(Documentele care stau la baza calcularii staliilor, contrastaliilor si dispatch sunt):
Statement of Facts – list in chronological order of the ship’s operations from arrival until
departure from harbour (Istoricul operatiunilor – consemneaza in ordine cronologica
operatiunile navei de la sosire pana la plecarea din port)
Time Sheet – highlights the time used for the loading/ unloading operations (foaia
timpului – evidentiaza timpul folosit pentru efectuarea operatiunilor de incarcare/ descarcare)
 Navlositor: ___________________ Proprietar navă: _________________
Operator portuar: ______________ Agent: __________________

Date de bazã

TIME SHEET
Nava: RÃDÃUŢI. Nr. hamb.: 4 Cat.: 3

Timpi de referinta Zi Ln An Ora Min Marfa:

Sosit rada: Cantitate operata (tone): 2.963
Acostat dana operativa: Norma portuara (zi) : 532
Depus notice: Timp normat – stalii (zile) 5,564
Timpul conteaza: Timp lucrat:
Inceput operare: Contrastalii(+) / timp salvat (-)
Terminat operare: Rata contrastaliilor ($/zi)
Plecat din port: Valoare (+demmurage; -despatch)
Data:

Denumirea Nr. hmb De la: La: Total Timp navã

Observaţii
întreruperii afect. H M H (min.)
M (zile)

Manifest – Manifestul
 is drafted at the loading port for each unloading port having all the merchandise loaded
onto the ship for export - Manifestul – se intocmeste in portul de incarcare pentru fiecare
port de descarcare in parte, cuprinzand toate marfurile care se incarca pe nava in vederea
exportului.
 RAPORT STIVATOR
A. DATE GENERALE

Zi Lună An
Oper.
Nava: Data: Etapa:

B. CAUZE ÎNTRERUPERI

Întreruperi în Întreruperi în
Nr. de la la Nr. de la la
operare operare
hmb hmb
Cod Denumire ora min min ora Cod Denumire ora min ora min

C. CANTITĂŢI OPERATE PE HAMBARE, ÎN CONDIŢII NORMALE

Nr. Marfa Cantitate Nr. Marfa Cantitate

hmb. Cod Denumire operată hmb. Cod Denumire operată

D. CANTITĂŢI OPERATE PE HAMBARE, ÎN CONDIŢII SPECIALE

Nr. Marfa Cantitate Timp lucrat Condiţie specială

hmb. Cod Denumire operată Ore Min. Cod Denumire

Întocmit: Nume şi prenume: Semnătura: