Brian Streit

Math 2451

Section 7.4 Selected Solutions

5. Let (u; v) = (u v; u + v; uv) = (x; y; z) and let D be the unit disk in

the uv plane. We compute
s
ZZ ZZ 2 2 2
@ (x; y) @ (y; z) @ (x; z)
A ( (D)) = kTu Tv k dudv = + + dudv
@ (u; v) @ (u; v) @ (u; v)
D D

where
@x @x
@ (x; y) @u @v
= @y @y
@ (u; v) @u @v
and so on. So
@ (x; y) 1 1
= = 2;
@ (u; v) 1 1
@ (y; z) 1 1
= =u v;
@ (u; v) v u
and
@ (x; z) 1 1
= = u + v:
@ (u; v) v u
Then
2 2 2
@ (x; y) @ (y; z) @ (x; z)
+ +
@ (u; v) @ (u; v) @ (u; v)
2 2
= 4 + (u + v) + (u v) = 4 + 2u2 + 2v 2

so that
p ZZ p
A ( (D)) = 2 2 + u2 + v 2 dudv:
D

We apply a polar change of variables to D to obtain

p Z Z p p Z p
2 1 1

2 r 2 + r drd = 2 2 r 2 + r2 dr:
2

0 0 0

Then let u = 2 + r2 so that we have

p
p Z p
3
2 2 3 3 p
2 udu = u 2 j2 = 6 6 8 .
3 3
2

1
 p
6. The intersection of the unit sphere and the cone z = x2 + y 2 is found
by solving the equations
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
x2 + y 2 z 2 = 0
with z 0, which is easily done by subtracting these two equations. We
obtain the circle described by z = p12 and x2 + y 2 = 21 . We are to …nd the
area of the surface above this circle. Let O be the origin, A = (0; 0; p12 ), and
B = (0; p12 ; p12 ). Notice that the triangle AOB has two sides of length p12 , and
hypotenuse of length 1, so the vertex angle AOB is 4 . Using this geometry
and spherical coordinates, we …nd that a parameterization is

(x; y; z) = (sin cos ; sin sin ; cos )

for 0 2 and 0 4. We …nd that our desired area is

Z2 Z4 p
sin d d = 2 2 :
0 0

1
7. We will show that the surface x = p where x 2 [1; 1) can be
y 2 +z 2
…lled but not painted by showing that the volume is …nite but the surface area
is in…nite. Since x (y; z) > 0 we may compute the volume as an integral over
a shrunken domain D de…ned by 0 < y 2 + z 2 1 using a polar change of
variables so that
ZZ Z2 Z1 Z1
1 rdrd
p dA = p =2 dr = 2 (1 ):
y2 + z2 r2
D 0

Letting ! 0 we see that our volume is 2 . Now we compute the surface area.
Consider (u; v) = pu21+v2 ; u; v de…ned on D . Our desired surface area is
ZZ
kTu Tv k dudv:
D

We compute
u v
@ (x; y) 3
(u2 +v 2 ) 2 (u2 +v 2 ) 2
3 v
= = 3 ;
@ (u; v) 1 0 (u2 + v2 ) 2

@ (y; z) 1 0
= = 1;
@ (u; v) 0 1

2
and
u v
@ (x; z) 3
(u2 +v 2 ) 2 (u2 +v 2 ) 2
3 u
= = 3 :
@ (u; v) 0 1 (u2 + v 2 ) 2
Then
2 2 2
@ (x; y) @ (y; z) @ (x; z) 1
+ + =1+ 2
@ (u; v) @ (u; v) @ (u; v) (u2 + v 2 )
so that ZZ ZZ s
1
kTu Tv k dudv = 1+ 2 dudv:
(u2 + v2 )
D D

Apply a polar change of variables then u = r2 to obtain

Z2 Z1 r Z1 r Z1 r Z1 p 2
1 1 1 u +1
r 1 + 4 drd = 2 r 1 + 4 dr = 1 + 2 du = du:
r r u u
0 2 2

From the integral table we have

Z p 2 p
p
x + a2 a+ x2 + a2
dx = x2 + a2 a log :
x x

Here we have a = 1 so that

Z1 p 2 p !
u +1 p 1+ x2 + 1
du = x2 + 1 log j12
u x
2
p !
p p p 1+ 4
+1
4
= 2 log 1 + 2 +1 log 2 :

We are not concerned with the constant terms but

p
1+ 4
+1 p
4 2
log 2 = log 1 + +1 log

and
2
log ! 1 as !0
so the integral for surface area diverges.

8. We choose the parameterization

p
(x; y; z) = t2 + 1; t; z

where 0 z 1 and 1 t 1. To compute the surface area integrand, we

…rst compute
@ (x; y) @ (y; z) @ (x; z) t
= 0; = 1; =p ;
@ (t; z) @ (t; z) @ (t; z) 2
t +1

3
then, r
2t2 + 1
dS = kTt Tz k dtdz = dtdz:
t2 + 1
Therefore, the surface area is

Z1 Z1 r Z1 r
2t2 + 1 2t2 + 1
dtdz = dt:
t2 + 1 t2 + 1
0 1 1

This integral presumably cannot be done analytically. One can …nd an alter-
native parameterization using the hyperbolic functions sinh t and cosh t but the
integral only gets nastier.

14. We compute

i j k
@x @y @z
Tu Tv = @u @u @u
@x @y @z
@v @v @v
@y @z @z @y @x @z @z @x @x @y @y @x
= i j+ k
@u @v @u @v @u @v @u @v @u @v @u @v
@ (y; z) @ (x; z) @ (x; y)
= i j+ k:
@ (u; v) @ (u; v) @ (u; v)

Then s
2 2 2
@ (y; z) @ (x; z) @ (x; y)
kTu Tv k = + + :
@ (u; v) @ (u; v) @ (u; v)

15. First, we see that y = 2x, which means the surface lies in the plane
y = 2x. When r = 0 or when = 2 and 32 , both x and y are zero. The surface
is then sketched by drawing the curves corresponding to r = 1 and r = 0 in the
plane y = 2x and shading the surface between these two bounding curves. The
surface area is
s
Z2 Z1 2 2 2
@ (x; y) @ (y; z) @ (x; z)
+ + drd
@ (t; z) @ (t; z) @ (t; z)
0 0

p Z Z p Z
2 1 2

= 5 jcos j drd = 5 jcos j d

0 0 0
0 1
p BZ Z2 Z2
2
C
= 5 @ cos d cos d + cos d A
0 3 3
2 2
p p
= 5 sin j02 + sin j23 sin j 32 = 4 5:
2 2

4
 18. If z = f (x; y) then F = 0 implies

@
F = Fx + Fz fx = 0
@x
Fx Fy
or fx = Fz and similarly fy = Fz so that
s
ZZ q ZZ 2 2
2 2 Fx Fy
A (S) = 1 + (fx ) + (fy ) dA = 1+ + dA:
Fz Fz
D D