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TOPIC 4 Principle of Moments Lab Report
TOPIC 4 Principle of Moments Lab Report
TOPIC 4 Principle of Moments Lab Report
STATICS LABORATORY
Kod M/Pelajaran/
ENGINEERING LABORATORY I BDA 17001
Subject Code
Kod & Tajuk Ujikaji/ TOPIC 4: PRINCIPLE OF
Code & Title of Experiment MOMENTS
Kod Kursus/ Seksyen /Section
Course Code BNJ17001 6
No. K.P / I.C No.
Kumpulan/Group
7
LUQMAN HAKIM B MOHD No. Matrik
Nama Pelajar/Name of Student
MASROR
1.EN. MOHD NAZRUL BIN ROSLAN
Lecturer/Instructor/Tutor’s Name
2.
Nama Ahli Kumpulan/
No. Matrik Penilaian / Assesment
Group Members
COP DITERIMA/APPROVED
STAMP
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
COURSE INFORMATION
COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY I (BDA17001)
TOPIC 4: PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
The principle of moments is frequently used in engineering and building work
where forces have to be balanced to prevent any turning movement. It can
be applied both to parallel forces and to oblique forces. If a body has several
forces applied to it which have turning effects in opposite directions, the body
will not turn if the total turning moment in each direction are equal. This is
called Principle of moments.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this experiment is to verify the principle of moments for
parallel and non-parallel forces.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, the students will be able to display basic skills and
knowledge of principle of moments using laboratory equipments, analyze
observable data obtained from principle of moments experiment properly,
work effectively in a group through laboratory experiment and presentation
and demonstrate comprehension of the general ideas of the topic through
written report that comply with specified standards.
4. THEORY
A concept often used in mechanics is the principle of moments, which is
sometimes referred to as a Varignon’s theorem since it was originally
developed by the French mathematician Varignon. The moment of a force
indicates the tendency of a body to turn about an axis passing through a
specific point.
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
The principle of moments states that the moment of a force about a point is
equal to the sum of the moments of the forces components about the point.
For a body in equilibrium or not rotate:
So,
F1d1 - F2d2 = 0
F1 d 2
……………………………….. (2)
F2 d1
F d1 d2
F
d
d
F1 F2
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
5. EQUIPMENTS
6. PROCEDURES
1. Set up the panel board as shown in Figure 2. Ensure pivot bar is in
balance and attached pulley using bolt and nut.
2.
Pivot bar
Figure 2
Weight
Hook
Pulley
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
3. Hang weight hooks from the end holes of the bar entering the hook
from the back of the bar.(Refer Figure 3a). The weight of hooks each
weight 0.1N.
4. Add a 1.9N load to each hook to make the total of 2N.
5. Record the value of F1 and F2. Then measure and record the distance
d1 and d2.
6. Move the right hand weight hook to a hole nearer the pivot bar (Refer
Figure 3b) and load it with just sufficient weighs to balance the bar in
the level position.
7. Record the weight value F2 and the distance d2
8. Then, hang right hand weight hook (without weight) through pulley
(refer Figure 3c).
9. Load the weight hook to balance the bar.
10. Record the weight value F2 and the perpendicular distance d2.
11. Set up the panel as shown in Figure 3d, repeat the procedure from 7
to 9 with the cord passing over the left hand pulley and attach to the
lowest hole of the centre arm of the bar.
12. Fill in the Table 2
d1 d2
2N 2N
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Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
d1 d2
2N F2
d1
2N
d2
F2
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
d1
d2
2N
F2
7. RESULT
F1 d 2
2. Plot a graph for vs .
F2 d1
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Table 2: Results
F1 d1 M1 F2 d2 M2 M1 - M2 F1 d2
(N) (m) (Nm) (N) (m) (Nm) (Nm) F2 d1
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 2.00 0.16 0.32 0.00 1.00 1.00
4.3a
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 3.20 0.10 0.32 0.00 0.62 0.62
4.3b
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 3.50 0.09 0.32 0.00 0.57 0.56
4.3c
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 4.00 0.08 0.32 0.00 0.50 0.50
4.3d
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
8. CALCULATON
1. Calculate the Moment for Left Pivot Bar and Right Pivot Bar.
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Ratio of distance
Figure 4.3 (a)
2 N ÷ 2 N = 1.00
Ratio of distance
Figure 4.3 (a)
0.16m ÷ 0.16m = 1
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
9. OBSERVATIONS
For the test1, the distance of force for left pivot bar was equal to the
distance for left pivot bar from the centre pivot bar. The force of F1 and F2
are equal, sop the total value of moment is equal to zero. Thus, it is in
equilibrium.
For test2, the F1 is maintain and small than F2 because the load require
for right pivot is more than left pivot to balance the pivot bar. Thus, the
ratios of force and distance small. The distance of right pivot was shorter
than then distance of left pivot.
All the experiment was success because the total moment equal to zero
according to the theory. From my observation, the ratio of force equal to
the ratio of distance. This experiment obey the principle of moment state
that the moment of clockwise equal to the moment of anticlockwise.
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Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
10. DISCUSSIONS
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Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
3. If the moment is nonzero, what are the factors may influence the
experiment.
The factors may influence the experiment when the moment is nonzero obtain
after experiment is the force of load that we set up not balance. Second, the
pivot bar that we were set up not balance before we added the load. Then, the
distance between the load and the centre of pivot bar not accurate because
when we measure the distance, maybe there was an error. The angle of
perpendicular distance not equal to 90 also can influence the moment obtain.
10.1 QUESTIONS
2. What does the principles of Moment state about the turning moments
of forces acting on a body?
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Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
It will produce a tendency for the body to rotate about a point that is
not on the line of action of the force. It is called simply the moment.
The larger the force or the longer the moment arm, the greater the
moment or turning effect. If the force applied at an angle, θ ≠ 90, then
it will be more difficult for turning occur. It moment arm will be zero
since the line of action of force will intersects to the z-axis. As the
result, the moment of force about z-axis is also zero and the turning
moment of forces cannot occur.
11. CONCLUSION
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Moment of a force depends on both the forces and the location of the point about
which the moment evaluated. Moment of force is equal to the sum of the moment of
the components of the force after we carried out the experiment. So, the principle of
moment was achieved.
The principle of moment for parallel and non-parallel forces was verified.
During the experiment, the pivot bar is unbalance, so we should ensure the pivot bar
is in balance before we added the load. The ratio of force and the ratio of distance
must be equal after calculating them because the moment of clockwise equal to the
F1 d 2
moment of anti-clockwise. So, the graph of vs could be plot. Lastly, when
F2 d1
carrying the experiment, we should avoid the parallax error while measure the
distance using a ruler.
12. REFERENCES
-Http://En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Moment_(Physics)
-Http://Www.S-Cool.Co.Uk/A-Level/Physics/Moments-Couples-And-
Equilibrium/Revise-It/The-Principle-Of-Moments
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