Raffles Institution Year 5 Chemistry Promotional Examination Revision Sheet (The Gaseous State)
Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
At constant temperature, volume of a given mass of gas is inversely
1 *All quantities must be in S.I. Units.
proportional to the applied pressure i.e. V ∝
p
Charles’ Law
At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of a gas is
proportional to its absolute temperature i.e.V ∝T
Pressure Law
At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature i.e. p ∝T
Avogadro’s Law
At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly
proportional to the number of moles of the gas i.e. V ∝n
The Ideal Gas
Assumptions of Ideal Gas
Molecules have negligible volume and so can move anywhere
No forces of attraction
Perfectly elastic collisions, causing no loss in KE when the collide
Obeys Gas Laws exactly under all conditions of pressure and
temperature
Ideal Gas Equation
pV=nRT
Partial Pressure
Ptotal = ∑ p gases
Product of its mole fraction and the total pressure, where mole fraction
ngas
=
ntotal
Features of Real Gas
Molecules have a certain size and volume and hence particles cannot
move into volume occupied by other gas molecules
Forces of attraction are present, varying in degree according to
molecule
Due to force of attraction, the molecules interact with one another so
that the pressure exerted may be less than ideal
Approaches ideality under
1. Low Pressure, as the molecules are far apart, and hence the
volume occupied is negligible compared to volume of container.
Attractive forces are also negligible.
2. High Temperature, as gas particles have large K.E. so that
attractive forces are insignificant