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QUESTION 1:

1. What industries need to conduct EIA?

Not heavy industries just require Environment Compliance Certificate (ECC) while
industries with high emissions require Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

2. If EIA is not applicable to the industry, what other requirements must be

submitted to the government by the company? What certification will be given in
exchange of each requirement?

The manufacturing company must write a letter first to the government requesting for an
Environment Compliance Certificate (ECC). Written there is the floorplan, equipment
used, and the emissions generated by the company

3. What impact zone/s must cover EIA?

EIA must cover the impact analysis of land, water and air quality of the location of the
plant.
4. What are the major components of EIA?
EIA is composed of the following sections:
 Goal and Scope
 Objective of the Study
 Project Information
 Process Flow Diagram
 Project Components
 Baseline Study
 Impact Identification
 Impact Prediction
 Impact Evaluation
 Environmental Management Plan
 Abandonment Plan
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QUESTION 2:

Biomedical wastes are classified as hazardous wastes.

1. Name the different kinds of wastes that fall under this category (biomedical).
Name at least 3.

Waste that may be contaminated by hazardous drugs:

 Vials, ampules and tubing used in the administration of hazardous drugs

 Medical sharps used in the preparation or administration of hazardous drugs
 Gloves and gowns that were used in the handling or administration of hazardous drugs
 Incontinence briefs, feces, blood and other body fluid from patients receiving hazardous
drugs including chemotherapy agents
 Wasted drug product and the cloths and materials used to clean up spills

Wastes that may contain infectious agents:

 Soiled dressings from wounds

 Incontinence briefs, feces, blood and other body fluid from all patients, and any materials
contaminated by these
 Used sharps
 Laboratory waste contaminated with infectious agents of human body fluids

2. Name the treatment technology that can be applied to each of the kind of waste
you identified.

Treatment Infectious Anatomical Sharps Pharmaceutical Cytotoxic Chemical Radioactive

Technology Waste Waste Waste waste Waste Waste

Rotary Kiln Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low-level

Incinerator infectious
waste

Controlled Yes Yes Yes Small Quantities No Small Low-level

Air Quantities infectious
Incinerator waste

Single- Yes Yes Yes No No No Low-level

Chamber infectious
Incinerator waste

Chemical Yes No Yes No No No No

Disinfection
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Wet Yes No Yes No No No No

Thermal
Treatment

Microwave Yes No Yes No No No No

Irradiation
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QUESTION 3:
For students having a student number ending in EVEN number:

Power plant industry is considered as a heavy industry in terms of its emissions.

1. Name all emissions generated from this industry.

2. Identify one major impact of each of the emission identified.

3. Name at least one waste management control and one treatment technology for each
emission identified.

Tabulate your answers.

halogenation of powdered activated carbon -Hg

SOx- Flue gas desulfurization

NOx- Selective Catalytic Reduction

Particulate Matter- Electrostatic Precipitator

Use of clean coal – other impurities

Use of biomass or municipal waste – Less CO2

Emission Impact Treatment/Control

Mercury Damage on nervous, Halogenation of Powdered
digestive, and immune Activated Carbon
systems, & threat to child
development
SOx Human Toxicity, Terrestrial Flue gas Desulfurization
Acidification, Smog
NOx Smog & other Respiratory Selective Catalytic Reduction
Diseases (Human Toxicity)
Particulate Matter Chronic bronchitis, Electrostatic Precipitator
aggravated asthma,
cardiovascular effects like
heart attacks, and premature
death
Carbon dioxide Global Warming, Climate Use of biomass or municipal
Change waste
Lead, Cadmium & other Human Toxicity, Urban Air Use of clean coal
heavy metals Pollution
Carbon monoxide
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Volatile Organic Compounds

Arsenic

QUESTION 4:

1. What are the benefits of having EMS or ISO14000 in a company?

The importance of having an EMS or ISO14000 certification in a company is that first it

would enhance the name/status and credibility of the company making the company
marketable internationally, secondly, it will make legal negotiations easier and faster due
to their credibility, and lastly, processes are much more smoother and the employee
turnovers will be lessened.
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Moreover, having ISO 14000 makes the company having an edge from their competitors
and it is therefore an evidence that they what they are giving their customers are of high
quality satisfaction.
2. Since EMS/ISO14000 is not mandatory, what is the driving force of it?
What is the principle it wants to uphold?

The driving force for the companies to have ISO 14000 is customer satisfaction. It will
give the customers assurance that the products or service they are getting from the
company is of high quality.

3. What are the 4 steps in implementing EMS/ISO14000?

There are four steps in implementing EMS/ISO 14000, and these are: (1) plan, (2)do,
(3)check and (4)action plan or PDCA system. First in the planning phase, problems with
their corresponding solutions must be identified. In the next phase, is where you put the
plan into action to gather and collect information regarding the problem. In the checking
phase, the gathered information is then smoothly analyzed. The result of this phase will
then be used for reformulating and adjusting the said actions for the last phase of
implementing EMS/ISO 14000.

4. What is environmental policy? What are the 3 pillars or foundations of creating an

environmental policy?

Environmental policy is a policy or guideline that companies must follow in order to

comply to the laws and regulations set by the government regarding issues or problems
with the environment caused by the company. The three pillars of creating an
environmental policy are (1) compliance, (2) prevention and (3) improvement.

QUESTION 5:

Sanitary landfilling is the most common mean of disposing solid wastes.

2. Draw and identify the different components of sanitary landfill.

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3. What kind of wastes can and cannot be thrown in the sanitary landfill?
Tabulate your answer.

Allowed Not Allowed

Food Wastes Radioactive Waste
Municipal Solid Waste E-waste
Industrial Waste Biomedical Waste

4. Aside from landfilling, identify the 3 other components of industrial waste

management paradigm.

The 3 components of the Industrial Waste paradigm are (1) recycling, (2)
composting and (3) refuse derived fuel.

5. What are the provisions of RA 9003 with regards to converting open dump sites into an
engineered sanitary landfill?

Included in RA 9003 is a regulation that open dumpsite shall not be the final
disposal; moreover, if an open dumpsite is near a city or community, an open
dumpsite shall either be closed or converted into an engineered sanitary landfill
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wherein it follows engineering principles in terms of (1) design, (2) construction, (3)
operation and (4) maintenance.

QUESTION 6:

Answer the following questions:

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1. What is cultural eutrophication? Do all kinds of eutrophication have adverse

effects? Explain.

Cultural eutrophication is a phenomenon where excess nutrients such as nitrates and

phosphorus containing compounds are introduced to aquatic ecosystem which is brought
by human activities resulting to the growth of phytoplanktons and algal blooms. These
organisms affect the aquatic ecosystem by limiting the entering sunlight in the surface of
water, reducing the chance of light dependent organisms into getting their food or
nutrients that may lead to ecological imbalance. Out of three kinds of eutrophication,
mesotrophic is ideal since this phenomenon only provides enough supply of oxygen
unlike oligotrophic and eutrophic.

2. What heavy industries are considered as major contributors of

cultural eutrophication?

An example of a heavy industry contributing to cultural eutrophication is the fertilizer

industry. Considering that the main components of fertilizers are nutrients such as
nitrogen and phosphorus which are then discharged at lakes and other bodies of water.
Others include aquaculture industry and sewerage treatment plants.

3. What waste management control and treatment technology may be implemented

to address cultural eutrophication? Give at least one management control and
one treatment technology.

Heavy industries such as fertilizer industry may implement organic waste

management which uses microorganisms to decompose organic materials converting it
to soil conditioner. This process lowers the carbon to nitrogen ratio that may contribute to
cultural eutrophication. Industries such as sewerage treatment facilities may use
treatment technology like tertiary treatment where phosphorus and nitrogen are removed.