1. Read the following passage carefully.

Baca petikan berikut dengan teliti.

On June 29, 2004 three friends took a trip to Kota Kinabalu to

climb up Mount Kinabalu. They were very excited. They took a bus
at 12.00 midnight from Bayan Baru, Penang to the bus terminal in
Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur. The distance from Bayan Baru to the
bus terminal in Jalan Duta is 450 km. They arrived at KL at 5.00
am on June 30, 2004. From the bus terminal Jalan Duta, they took a
taxi to KLIA. They journey of 60 km took 45 minutes and cost
them RM 80.
The flight to Kota Kinabalu was fast as the aeroplane flew with
an average speed of 600 km/h and the flight took only 2 hours 30
minutes.
The next day they hiked up the Mersilau trail which is about 6
km long to Laban Rata, the base station for Mount Kinabalu. Laban
Rata is about 3 000 m above sea level. In the early hours of the next
day, they began their hike to the peak which is 4 095 m above sea
level. That morning the wind was blowing with a velocity of 10 m
s-1 and the temperature was around 4 °C. Although the hike was
very difficult, they managed to reach the peak. They were very
happy to have accomplished such a difficult task.
Pada 29 Jun 2004, tiga sekawan mengadakan lawatan ke Kota
Kinanabu untuk mendaki Gunung Kinabalu. Mereka sangat teruja.
Mereka menaiki baspada pukul 12 tengah malam dari Bayan Baru,
Penang ke terminal bas Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur. Jarak dari
terminal bas Bayan Baru ke terminal bas Jalan Duta ialah 450km.
Mereka tiba di KL pada pukul 5 pagi pada 30 Jun 2004. Dari
terminal bas Jalan Duta mereka mengambil teksi ke KLIA.
Perjalanan sejauh 60km mengambil masa 45 minit dengan kos
sebanyak RM80.
Penerbangan ke Kota Kinabalu sangat pantas di mana pesawat
meluncur laju dengan kadar kelajuan purata 600km/j dan
penerbangan hanya mengambil masa selama 2 jam 30 minit.
Pada hari berikutnya mereka mendaki laluan Mersilau sejauh
hamper 6km ke Laban rata iaitu pengkalan asas ke Gunung
Kinabalu. Laban Rata terletak 3000m dari paras laut.
Pada awal pagi hari berikutnya, mereka memulakan pendakian ke
puncak iaitu setinggi 4095m dari paras laut. Pagi itu angin bertiup
dengan kelajuan 10m s⁻¹ dan suhu lebih kurang 4°C. Meskipun
pendakian itu sangat sukar, mereka Berjaya sampai ke puncak.
Mereka begitu gembira kerana mampu menyempurnakan misi yang
mencabar ini.

(a)From the passage, identify the physical quantities and then classify then into base quantities and derived
quantities.
Berdasarkan petikan berikut, kenal pasti kuantiti-kuantiti fizikal, dan kelaskan mereka mengikut kuantiti
asas dan kuantiti terbitan

1
 Base quantity/Kuantiti asas: ______________________________________________________________

Derived quantity/Kuantiti terbitan: _________________________________________________________

[4 marks/markah]

(b)State two advantages of using SI unit of measurement.

Nyatakan dua kelebihan menggunakan kuantiti SI bagi pengukuran.

1._____________________________________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]

2. Figure below shows the scale of an ammeter.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan skala pada sebuah ammeter.

(a) Name the physical quantity measured by the ammeter.

Namakan kuantiti fizik yang diukur dengan ammeter.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) In the space below, draw the symbol for an ammeter.

Pada ruang di bawah, lukiskan simbol bagi ammeter.

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) What is the value of the smallest division on the scale?

Berapakah nilai bagi satu senggatan terkecil di skala itu?

____________________________________ A
[1 mark]

2
 [1 markah]

(d) State the function of the mirror located under the scale.
Nyatakan fungsi cermin yang terdapat di bawah skala itu.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

3. Diagram belowshows an oscillating pendulum.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan ayunan sebuah bandul.

Diagram
Rajah

(a) Based on Diagram above, choose the correct path for one complete oscillation.
Tick (√) the correct answer in the box provided.
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas, pilih lintasan yang betul untuk satu ayunan lengkap.
Tanda (√) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.

P→Q

P→Q→R

P→Q→R→Q→P

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) The stop watch in Diagram below shows the time taken for the pendulum to make 20
complete oscillations.
Jam randik dalam Rajah di bawah menunjukkan masa yang diambil untuk bandul itu membuat 20 ayunan
lengkap.

3
 Based on Diagram above, state
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas, nyatakan
(i) the smallest division of the stop watch,
senggatan terkecil bagi jam randik itu,

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) the time taken for 20 complete oscillations.

masa yang diambil untuk 20 ayunan lengkap.

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) What is the type of physical quantity for time?

Tick (√) the correct answer in the box provided.
Apakah jenis kuantiti fizik bagi masa?
Tanda (√) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.
Scalar quantity
Kuantiti skalar
Vector quantity
Kuantiti vektor
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

4. Diagram (a) shows a vernier calipers.

Rajah (a) menunjukkan sebuah angkup vernier.

4
(a) (i) State the sensitivity of the instrument in diagram (a).
Nyatakan kepekaan alat dalam rajah (a).

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the function of X.
Nyatakan fungsi X.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) Diagram (b) shows the reading of the vernier calipers when the jaws is closed.
Rajah (b) menunjukkan bacaan angkup vernier apabila rahangnya ditutup.

Based on Diagram (b):

Berdasarkan Rajah (b):
(i) Name the type of error occur.
Namakan jenis ralat yang berlaku.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the value of the error.
Nyatakan nilai ralat itu.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

5
5. Diagram below shows a vernier calipers with zero error.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah angkup vernier yang mempunyai ralat sifar.

Diagram
Rajah

(a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below.
Garis jawapan yang betul dalam kurungan untuk melengkapkan ayat di bawah.

Zero error is an example of (random, systematic) error.

Ralat sifar merupakan satu contoh ralat (rawak, sistematik).
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) Based on diagram above,
Berdasarkan rajah di atas,
(i) What is the reading of the zero error?
Berapakah bacaan ralat sifar?

______________________ cm
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) What is the function of X?
Apakah fungsi X?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c) When the vernier calipers is used to measure the thickness of a book, the reading is 3.23 cm.
What is the actual reading of the measurement?
Apabila angkup vernier digunakan untuk mengukur ketebalan sebuah buku, bacaan yang diperoleh adalah
3.23 cm.
Berapakah bacaan sebenar ukuran tersebut?

______________________ cm.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

6
6. Diagrams (a) and (b) shows two instruments that is used for measuring an object.
Rajah (a) dan Rajah (b) menunjukkan dua alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur suatu objek.

Diagram (a)
Rajah (a)

Diagram (b)
Rajah (b)

(a) (i) What is meant by sensitivity?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kepekaan?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Using Diagram (a) and Diagram (b), compare the size of the scale and the sensitivity of the instrument.
Relate the size of the scale and the sensitivity for both instruments.
Dengan menggunakan Rajah (a) dan Rajah (b), bandungkan saiz skala dan kepekaan alat itu.
Hubungkaitkan saiz skala dan kepekaan kedua-dua alat itu.
[3 mark]
[3 markah]
(iii)State the smallest division for the instrument shown in Diagram (a).
Nyatakan senggatan terkecil bagi alat yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah (a).
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) Diagram (c) shows a stopwatch which measures time. Diagram (d) shows a measuring cylinder which
measures the volume of a liquid.
Rajah (c) menunjukkan jam randek untuk mengukur masa. Rajah (d) menunjukkan silinder penyukat untuk
menyukat isi padu cecair.

7
 Diagram (c)
Rajah (c)

Diagram (d)
Rajah (d)

(i) Identify the type of error of each instrument shown in Diagram (c) and Diagram (d).
Explain how the error can be reduced.
Kenal pasti jenis ralat bagi setiap alat yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah (c) dan Rajah (d).
Terangkan bagaimana ralat boleh dikurangkan.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(ii) On Diagram (e), label the correct position of the eye when taking the reading on the measuring
cylinder.
Pada Rajah (e), labelkan kedudukan mata yang betul semasa mengambil bacaan pada silinder
penyukat.

8
 Diagram (e)
Rajah (e)
[1 marks]
[1 markah]
(c) Diagram (f) shows an ammeter which measures electric current.
Rajah (f) menunjukkan ammeter yang digunakan untuk mengukur arus elektrik.

Diagram (f)
Rajah (f)

By using suitable concepts of physics, suggest and explain the necessary adaptation to be made so that the
ammeter can give readings that are more sensitive, consistent and accurate. State two precautionary
measures that must be taken when taking the reading on the ammeter.
Dengan menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan penyesuaian-penyesuaian yang
perlu untuk menjadikan ammeter memberikan bacaan yang lebih peka, persis dan jitu. Nyatakan dua
langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil apabila mengambil bacaan pada ammeter.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

7. Diagram 1.1 shows a micrometer screw gauge.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu tolok skru mikrometer.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

9
(a) Name the scale at the part labelled X.
Namakan skala pada bahagian berlabel X.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge when the anvil and spindle are closed. Diagram
1.3 shows the scale of the micrometer screw gauge when it is measuring the thickness of a piece of
aluminium.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan skala tolok skru mikrometer semasa rahang dan bidal ditutup.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan skala tolok skru mikrometer itu semasa mengukur ketebalan sekeping aluminium.

Diagram 1.2 Diagram 1.3

Rajah 1.2 Rajah 1.3

Based on Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3,

Berdasarkan pada Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3,
(i) give the name of error has shown by micrometer screw gauge.
namakan jenis ralat yang ditunjukkan pada tolok skru mikrometer itu.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) what is the value of the error?
apakah nilai bagi ralat tersebut?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii)what is the thickness of the aluminium?
berapakah ketebalan aluminium itu?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

10
8. Diagram below shows three types of distribution of gunshots fired on a target board.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga taburan tembakan pada papan sasaran.

(a) Based on Diagram above, explain the degree of consistency and accuracy for Diagram above (a) and (b).
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas, jelaskan darjah kepersisan dan kejituan bagi Rajah di atas (a) dan (b).
[2 marks/markah]

(b) On Diagram above (c), draw the distribution of gunshots that has a poorer degree of consistency and
accuracy.
Pada Rajah di atas (c), lukiskan taburan tembakan yang boleh dikatakan mempunyai darjah kepersisan
dan kejituan yang kurang baik.
[2 marks/markah]

9. Diagram A shows the reading of a micrometer screw gauge when the jaw is closed tightly while Diagram
B shows the reading of the micrometer when a steel bar is placed in between the jaws.
Rajah A menunjukkan bacaan tolok skru mikrometer apabila rahang ditutup ketat dan Rajah B menunjukkan
bacaan mikrometer apabila batang besi diletakkan di antara rahangnya.

Diagram A/Rajah A Diagram B/Rajah B

(a) Name the part labelled X.

Namakan bahagian berlabel X.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Calculate the actual diameter of the steel bar.
Hitung diameter batang keluli.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(c) State one way to increase the accuracy of the measurement.
Nyatakan satu cara meningkatkan kejituan bacaan.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11
 [1 mark/1 markah]

10. Diagram A shows part of an instrument that can be used for measuring the diameter of a 50-sen coin.
Rajah A menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sebuah alat pengukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur diameter
duit syiling 50 sen.

Diagram A Diagram B
Rajah A Rajah B

(a) Name the measuring instrument.

Namakan alat pengukur itu.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) What type of error is shown by the instrument?

Apakah jenis ralat yang ditunjukkan oleh alat itu?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) Diagram B shows the scale of the instrument when the 50-sen coin is measured. Determine the actual
diameter of the 50-sen coin.
Rajah B menunjukkan skala alat itu apabila duit syiling 50 sen diukur. Tentukan diameter sebenar duit
syiling 50 sen itu.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

12
11. Diagram below shows the initial reading of a micrometer screw gauge before it is used for taking
measurements.
Then the micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a wire. The readings obtained are as
shown in Table below.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bacaan awal bagi sebuah tolok skru mikrometer sebelum ia digunakan untuk
mengambil ukuran.
Tolok skru mikrometer itu kemudian digunakan untuk mengukur diameter seutas dawai. Bacaan yang
diperoleh adalah seperti dalam Jadual di bawah.

Diagram / Rajah

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

Bacaan 1 Bacaan 2 Bacaan 3 Bacaan 4
6.48 mm 6.47 mm 7.04 mm 6.49 mm
Table / Jadual

(a) Why is the measurement carried out 4 times?

Mengapakah bacaan itu perlu diulang sebanyak 4 kali?
[1 mark/markah]

(b) Which of the readings probably has an error?

Antara bacaan yang dicatatkan, bacaan yang mana satukah mungkin tersilap?
[1 mark/markah]

(c) By ignoring the error reading, determine the diameter of the wire.
Dengan mengabaikan bacaan yang tersilap, tentukan diameter dawai itu.
[1 mark/markah]

(d) State two precautions when using the micrometer screw gauge.
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga semasa menggunakan tolok skru mikrometer.
[2 marks/markah]

13
 REAL SCHOOL Jawapan

SPM Fizik Tingkatan 4,5 - CHAP 1 Kertas 2

1.(a)
Base quantity Derived quantity
Kuantiti Asas Kuantiti Terbitan
Distance Speed
Jarak Kelajuan
Temperature Velocity
Suhu Halaju

(b) 1. The organisation of trade between countries is simplified.

Organisasi perdagangan antara negara-negara dipermudahkan.
2. Efficient exchange and transfer of technology can be carried out/ Exchange of data
and scientific information between research bodies can be carried out.
Pertukaran yang cekap dan pemindahan teknologi dapat dilaksanakan/ Pertukaran
data dan maklumat saintifik antara badan penyelidikan dapat dijalankan.

2. (a) Current/Arus

(b)

(c) 0.1 A

(d) To overcome parallax error

Untuk mengatasi ralat paralaks
3. (a) P → Q → R → Q → P

(b) (i) 0.2 s

(ii) 45.0 s

(c) Scalar quantity

Kuantiti skalar
4. (a)
i. 0.01 cm
ii. To measure depth of an object
Untuk mengukur kedalaman objek

(b)
i. Positive zero error
Ralat sifar positif
ii. + 0.03 cm
5. (a) systematic
sistematik
(b) (i) 0.03 cm
(ii) To measure the internal diameter of an object
Untuk mengukur diameter dalam suatu objek
(c) 3.20 cm

14
6.(a)
i. Sensitivity is the ability of an instrument to detect a small changes in the quantity to
be measured.
Kepekaan ialah keupayaan alat untuk mengesan perubahan kecil dalam kuantiti yang
diukur.

ii. – The size of the scale in Diagram (a) is smaller than that in Diagram (b).
Saiz skala pada Rajah (a) adalah lebih kecil daripada skala pada Rajah (b).
[1m]
– The sensitivity in Diagram (a) is higher than that in Diagram (b).
Kepekaan pada Rajah (a) adalah lebih tinggi daripada kepekaan pada Rajah (b).
[1m]
– The smaller the size of the scale is, the higher the sensitivity will be.
Semakin kecil saiz skala, semakin tinggi kepekaan.
[1m]

iii. 0.01 mm
[1m]

(b) i.
Instrument Stopwatch Measuring cylinder
Alat Jam randek Silinder penyukat
Type of error Random error Parallax error
Jenis ralat Ralat rawak Ralat paralaks
[1m] [1m]
How the Repeat the Make sure the eye is at
error can be measurement the level of the meniscus
reduced several times to of the liquid
Bagaimana get an average Pastikan mata berada
ralat boleh reading pada aras meniskus
dikurangkan Ulang pengukuran cecair
beberapa kali [1m]
untuk mendapatkan or/atau
bacaan purata Make sure the eye is
[1m] perpendicular to the
scale (meniscus level)
Pastikan mata
berserenjang dengan
skala (aras meniskus)

ii.

15
 [1m]

(c)
Modification Explanation
Pengubahsuaian Penerangan
Scale of Can detect a smaller change in the
smaller size current flow
Saiz skala kecil Boleh mengesan perubahan kecil dalam
[1m] aliran arus
[1m]
Mirror strip To avoid parallax error
Jalur cermin Untuk mengelak ralat paralaks
[1m] [1m]
Zero adjuster To avoid zero error
Pelaras sifar Untuk mengelak ralat sifar
[1m] To adjust the pointer to the zero mark
Untuk melaraskan penunjuk ke tanda
sifar
[1m]
Lighter pointer Easy to detect the current
Penunjuk ringan Mudah mengesan arus
[1m] Sensitive to any change change in the
current flow
Peka pada sebarang perubahan dalam
aliran arus
[1m]

Precautionary measures:
Langkah berjaga-jaga:
– Make sure the eye is perpendicular to the scale of the ammeter to avoid parallax error
Pastikan mata adalah berserenjang dengan skala ammeter untuk mengelak ralat
paralaks
[1m]
– Switch off the current after taking the reading to avoid over-heating
Matikan arus selepas mengambil bacaan untuk mengelak lebih pemanasan
[1m]
7. (a) Vernier scale/Skala vernier
(b) (i) Zero error/Ralat sifar

16
 (ii) –0.002 mm
(iii) 12.36 mm
8.(a) Diagram (a) shows the distribution of gunshots that has a good degree of accuracy but
a poor degree of
consistency. As for Diagram (b), the distribution of gunshots shows a good degree of
consistency
but a poor degree of accuracy.

(b)

9.(a) Ratchet
Racet

(b) Actual diameter = 4.86 – 0.02 mm = 4.84 mm

(c) The position of the eye must be perpendicular to the scale mark when measurement is
being taken.
Kedudukan mata mesti berserenjang dengan tanda skala apabila ukuran dicerap.
10. (a) Vernier callipers
Angkup vernier
(b) (i) Negative zero error
Ralat sifar negatif
(ii) Systematic error
Ralat sistematik
(c) = 2.20 + 0.04
= 2.24 cm
Actual reading
Bacaan = 2.24 – (–0.08) = 2.32 cm
sebenar
11.(a) The diameter of a wire differs slightly at different places along the wire.
So readings are taken from different places and the average of all the readings is
calculated.

(b) Reading 3

(c) Average reading

= = 6.48

Actual reading = 6.48 – (–0.02)

= 6.50 mm

(d) – The edge of the jaw is cleaned to remove dirt so that it will not be measured as well.
– The ratchet is turned until the first ‘tick’ is heard.

17