ASSIGNMENT #1

CORSE TITLE:
CS­306
TOPIC:
PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND A REAL WORLD EXAMPLE
SUBMITTED BY:
S.M.SAFWAN (BB­26665)
USAID AHMED KHAN(BB­26613)
ARSAL JAVED(BB­26719)
ASHHER HUSSAIN(BB­26705)
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR ATHER ALI
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM
• An embedded system is a computer system
with a dedicated function within a larger
mechanical or electrical system, often with
real-time computing constraints. It is
embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts.
Embedded systems control many devices in
common use today.
 PERVASIVE COMPUTING
• Pervasive computing (also called ubiquitous
computing) is the growing trend towards
embedding microprocessors in everyday
objects so they can communicate information.
The words pervasive and ubiquitous mean "
existing everywhere."Pervasive
computing devices are completely connected
and constantly available.
Pervasive computing relies on the convergence
of  wireless technologies, advanced electronics
and the Internet. The goal of researchers
working in pervasive computing is to
create smart products that communicate
unobtrusively. The products are connected to
the Internet and the data they generate is easily
available.
EXAMPLE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
3D PRINTER
 3D PRINTING
• 3D printing, a popular term for what is now known
as additive manufacturing (AM), refers to various
processes used to synthesize a three-
dimensional object.[1] In additive manufacturing
processing, successive layers of material are formed
under computer control to create the object.
[2] These objects can be of almost any shape or
geometry and are produced from digital model
data 3D model or other electronic data source such
as an Additive Manufacturing File (AMF) file.
 Why is it called printing?
• If you look closely (with a microscope) at a page of
text from your home printer, you’ll see the letters
don’t just stain the paper, they’re actually sitting
slightly on top of the surface of the page.
• In theory, if you printed over that same page a few
thousand times, eventually the ink would build up
enough layers on top of each other to create a solid
3D model of each letter. That idea of building a
physical form out of tiny layers is how the first 3D
printers worked.
HOW DOES 3D PRINTING WORK?
• It all starts with making a virtual design of
the object you want to create. This virtual
design is for instance a CAD (Computer Aided
Design) file. This CAD file is created using a
3D modeling application or with a 3D scanner
(to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner can
make a 3D digital copy of an object.
 HOW DO 3D PRINTERS WORK?
• You start by designing a 3D object on an ordinary
home PC, connect it to a 3D printer, press ‘print’
and then sit back and watch. The process is a bit
like making a loaf of sliced bread, but in reverse.
Imagine baking each individual slice of bread and
then gluing them together into a whole loaf (as
opposed to making a whole loaf and then slicing it,
like a baker does). That’s basically what a 3D
printer does.
 HOW DO 3D PRINTERS WORK?
• The 3D printing process turns a whole object into
thousands of tiny little slices, then makes it from
the bottom-up, slice by slice. Those tiny layers stick
together to form a solid object. Each layer can be
very complex, meaning 3D printers can create moving
parts like hinges and wheels as part of the same
object. You could print a whole bike - handlebars,
saddle, frame, wheels, brakes, pedals and chain -
ready assembled, without using any tools. It’s just a
question of leaving gaps in the right places.
WORKING OF A 3D PRINTER
 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

•Vehicle
• The Audi RSQ was made with rapid prototyping industrial KUKA robots
• In early 2014, the Swedish supercar manufacturer, Koenigsegg, announced the One:
1, a supercar that utilizes many components that were 3D printed. In the limited run
of vehicles Koenigsegg produces, the One:1 has side-mirror internals, air ducts,
titanium exhaust components, and complete turbocharger assemblies that were 3D
printed as part of the manufacturing process.
• Urbee is the name of the first car in the world car mounted using the technology 3D
printing (his bodywork and his car windows were "printed"). Created in 2010 through
the partnership between the US engineering group Kor Ecologic and the company
Stratasys (manufacturer of printers Stratasys 3D), it is a hybrid vehicle with
futuristic look.
• In May 2015 Airbus announced that its new Airbus A350 XWB included over 1000
components manufactured by 3D printing.
 MEDICAL
• 3D printed human skull from computed computer data.
• 3D printing has been used to print patient specific implant
and device for medical use. The hearing aid and dental
industries are expected to be the biggest area of future
development using the custom 3D printing technology. In
March 2014, surgeons in Swansea used 3D printed parts to
rebuild the face of a motorcyclist who had been seriously
injured in a road accident. Research is also being conducted
on methods to bio-print replacements for lost tissue due to
arthritis and cancer[citation needed.
• 3D printing technology can now be used to make exact
replicas of organs. The printer uses images from patients'
MRI or CT scan images as a template and lays down layers
of rubber or plastic.
 COMPUTERS AND ROBOTS
• 3D printing can also be used to make laptops and
other computers and cases. For example, Novena and
VIA OpenBook standard laptop cases. I.e. a Novena
motherboard can be bought and be used in a printed
VIA OpenBook case.

• Open-source robots are built using 3D printers.

Double Robotics grant access to their technology (an
open SDK). On the other hand, 3&DBot is an Arduino
3D printer-robot with wheels and ODOI is a 3D
printed humanoid robot.
THANK YOU