Republic of Iraq

Ministry Of Higher Education and Scientific

Research
Basra University for Oil and Gas
Oil and Gas Engineering College
Oil and Gas Engineering Department

Study OF CYCLIC STEAM INJECTION

IN QAYYARH HEAVY OIL FIELD
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Oil and Gas Engineering

Prepared by:
Tareq M. Mehdi
Ali K. Masoud
Fadhil R. Hajim

Supervised by:
Nawfal Adnan

2017-2018

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SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATION

I certify that the preparation of this project entitled study of cyclic steam
injection in qayyarah heavy oil field Prepared by Tareq Muayad Saleh
.Ali khadim Masaoud. Fadhil Raheem Hajm Was made under my
supervision at oil and gas engineering collage Branch of oil and gas
Engineering Department in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in oil and gas Engineering –oil and gas
department

Signature:
Name:
Date:

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 U Dedication

I will be honored to dedicate this work

To my Mother and father, God's mercy on them.
who shared difficulties of the research with me, to
my brothers and sisters.
To all the people of Iraq.

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 Abstract
This research is to study Cyclic Steam Injection in Qayarah Heavy
oil field to increase oil recovery. A thermal reservoir simulator CMG/
STARS-2010 has been adopted to achieve the current study by
constructing single well model for Euphrates reservoir.
The model runs for primary production and cyclic steam injection for
10 years and 20 years. It was observed that oil production from cyclic
steam injection is three times more than primary production in 10 years
case and approximately six times more than primary production for 20
years case.
Analysis of different parameters in the cyclic steam stimulation (CSS)
assisted in identify important parameters on results. Higher steam
injection rates enhance heat delivery, thereby increasing oil production. It
seems, in comparison with all cases the case of 3000 bbl/day steam
injection rate is the optimum case for this parameter. Also, cycle length
parameters (steam injection time, sock time and production time) have
been analysed, the results show that (60 days, 5 days , 150 days) the best
cases for these parameters. Steam quality effect has been analysed, the
results shown steam quality 0.7 to 0.8 recommended.

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 Contents

Chapter One
( Introduction )
1.1: Preface .................................................................................... 1
1.2: Objectives of Study ................................................................ 3
1.3: Cyclic Steam Injection ........................................................... 3
1.4: Area of Study .......................................................................... 5
Chapter Two
Literature review ...................................................................................... 6
Chapter Three
(Mathematical background and fundamentals of thermal EOR )
3.1:introduction………………………………………………...…16

3.2: injection and soak periods ……………………………,,…....18

3.3: heat remaining in the reservoir…………………………,,…..21

3.4: production period ....................................................................23

3.5: property correlations ……………………...……….…...……23

3.5.1:oil and water viscosities……………………………..…...23

3.5.2:fluid saturations and relative permeabilities ……….....…23

Chapter four
(Model characterization)

4.1:Euphrates formation zoning and averaging……………....…..25

4.2:fluid properties…………………………………………….….26

4.3:full reservoir model characterization……………………...…26

4.3.1: Single Well Model………………………………………26

4.3.2: Reservoir Geometry……………………………….….…27

4.3.3: Petrophysical Parameters …………………………..…...27
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 4.3.4: Relative Permeability Curves …………………….…..27
4.3.5: Reservoir fluid Properties ………………………...…..82
4.3.6:Rock properties …………………………………….….82

4.3.7: Initial Conditions……………………………...….…...82

4.3.7.1:oil-water contacts……………………………...…...29
4.3.7.2:initial reservoir pressure and temperature………..29
4.3.8: Boundary Conditions…………………………….……30
Chapter five
(results and discussion)

5.1: Overview……………………………………………….…31
5.2:Base case…………………………………………………..31
5.3:Steam injection rate ………………………………………36
5.4: Injection time ………………………………………….…38
5.5:Soak time interval ……………………………………..…41
5.6 :Production time interval ……………………………...…43
5.7 :Steam Quality …………………………………………...…..…45
Chapter five
(Conclusions And Recommendations)
6.1: Conclusions………………………………………………….……….…..……48
6.2: Recommendations………………………………………………….…..….49

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 List of figures

Figure Name Page

(1.1) Typical viscosity temperature relationship for 2
several crude oil.

(1.2) Location map of the Qayyarah oil field. 5

(2.1) CSS Production cycles. 7
(2.2) Typical cyclic steaming performance. 8
(2.3) Cyclic steam stimulated producers with drainage area 9
overlapped and gravitational effects in place.
(3.1a) Diagram of heated area geometry 17
(3.1b) Differential element of the heated area 17
(3.2) Diagram of area of cross section of heated area 17
(5.1a) Comparison of oil rate steam injection case and 33
primary production case for 10 years.
(5.1b) Comparison of oil rate between steam injection case 33
and primary production for 20 years.
(5.1c) Comparison of cumulative oil production between 34
steam injection case and primary production for 10
years.
(5.1d) Comparison of cumulative oil production between 34
steam injection case and primary production for 20
years.

(5.1e) Comparison of oil recovery factor between steam 35

injection case and primary production for 10 years.
(5.1f) Comparison oil recovery factor between steam 35
injection case and primary production for 20 years.
(5.2a) Oil rate comparison between different cases. 37
(5.2b) Comparison cumulative oil production between 37
different cases.
(5.3a) Oil rate comparison of different steam injection time 39
intervals.

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(5.3b) Cumulative oil production comparison of different 39
steam injection time intervals.
(5.4a) Oil rate comparison of different steam sock time 42
intervals.

(5.4b) Cumulative oil production comparison of different 42

steam sock time intervals.
(5.5a) Cumulative oil production comparison of different 44
production time intervals.
(5.5b) Oil production rate comparison of different 44
production time intervals.
(5.6a) Cumulative oil production for different steam quality. 46
(5.6b) Oil rate for different steam quality. 46
(5.6c) Oil recovery factor for different steam quality. 47

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 List of Table

Table Name Page

(2.1) Analogs for thermal EOR carbonate heavy oil 12
reservoirs.

(2.2) Analogs for the success of CSS applications 13

(4.1) Average petrophysical properties of Euphrates 25
formation well QY(55)
(4.2) Rock type number with saturation parameters. 28
(4.3) Viscosity – temperature relationship 29
(5.1) comparison between steam injection base case and 36
primary production case.
(5.2) Comparison between different steam injection rates. 38

(5.3) Injection time result comparison. 40

(5.4) Comparison between different steam sock time 43
intervals.
(5.5) Comparison between different production time 45
intervals.

(5.6) Results of different steam qualities 47

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 U Nomenclature

Vs Steam zone volume

Eh Thermal efficiency

Mt Total volumetric heat capacity

Φ porosity

S Phase saturation

B Individual phase

Wi Mass rate of steam injection

Hst Steam zone thickness

Tsoak Soak time

Tinj Injection time

Qlast Heah remaining from pervious cycle

Wp Water production

Cw Average specific heah