CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH AND / ra CONTINUITY — © EQUATION [Chapter Road Map| STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TOSes edo dle Sebo ow Gaudin owing at of Shdheate Ming ten, (El oriingnmardio Span dng alton, 5.1 Characterizing the Rate of Flow ngines carci the rato ow sing he (a) mas ow ata) the ume Dow ‘ate Thao concepts and acted eguiony ate lntaduced in thi ton, Volume How Rate (Dischorge) Volume ovate Qithe ratio of volumes tn a asta tn nego fam, a-(sesettiloantneaaceancioniee) | ag BE gy EXAMPLE, To describe vole Bow rate (Q) fo ge pomp (Fg 5.23), selec s eae sectooalaea Then she vlume of alin tht faved ars the speiied secon ‘uring ase ime feral ay one second) ved by the neler. The wis ‘old be pons pr mint or ers pr second EXAMPLE, To describe volume flo rate (0 fr « peson Inkling whl ding yoxs (Gig. 5 select rss tonal ara as shown The the Yue of arta fowed ‘ruth pce ection dings peti te letra cy A= 001) ded bythe ‘in itera Nai tht he tine intra shoal be sort ecm the low at cont ‘oly ating during resting he de ot > sn thatthe Bow rae character ‘aed tania tine Cm (CFE “Lette ON \ etter Sole ‘olumcow rate en called diane Bene he to terms arson tet es oth te interchange ‘The Stan of decharge ae cule meters of vlume per ssoo (a) Ia tradond uns the esstent ant seb fet of volume pe secand fen this uni writen cla whch ands for eb fert per second Deriving Equations for Volume Flaw Rate (Dischargel “This subseconshowshow to derive use equations fo dscnrgeQ inte f Mid vee Tora Qtowlocty slow of ai (Fi 5.3) a which velocky stam a be ‘stn sem the pp cro ection, Super a marker ied oer the ros tons Section A-Afor a pei of Une At The id hat pases 4-Ain tine A repented by theSHON. SaRacTNG Wg OE AW, I7L marked yume, The ng the msked wohimeisVArao he valameis A= AVC Ary ‘hedeinton af @ vA 62 In (52) nee how he nit wok oot ava dois) x Area!) houte 5.3 four 5 le id iw wih ‘Wn ud pss sncen Tn ey ar ht ‘amine pron AA ee scat Ba (52 8b on lem voy drbton considera win which he slot aris eros the secon (se Pig 5.4) The bla shad ein shows the vlan of Thi hr pasis cosa cere se of deacon sg Udo (525 etd = Ve, “Tota the ttl fiw rate, dpe lume dora dhrough ach ere dement and Then app the deiaston of henepa an Evan [va my a, (53 mean that wy neg ne stion aea ie cha To dei moter ‘fl edie Eq. (S3}by ae top pete (vas sa (64) prods dfn of V wih cle the mean voy A shown he mean ‘docy tan ares nigel were cy For thi eso, mean weocky i sometines “ald wan avenged ely This ihe ul or dng an aren aeraged wel fom tine avenged ely which fr haactersong trent ow ee Secon.) Smee vols of mean velo are summarized in Tae‘TABLE 5.1 Valuer of Mean Vloaty Seaton Tyeaton or Mean Voy Tal deed iar own aun pe | ViVng~ 05s Veta a Former itemuon seein 03 ‘tn decyl tt Yo (Geek way the centre Bip, ideo iarownaeaanglar | Ving = 2/3 = 0667 ‘ann ne sine wh) Fly developed tarbulent ow in acound pipe. | Tivag ~ 079 86 wher the ao depends Feet non se Secon 0 | gy hjls mr The elowing checkpoint problems ps you chance ots oor understanding of fw te \CHECRPCINT PROBLEN 5.1 cele tr ate el ee » : eae le ea pe = | Samia = —_ u T ‘7 CHECXPEINT PROBLEM 5.2 Cone tem_trg t ‘ven pe he miu Sensyaeteme Fete ie ge va iene seen Toye i me me ty == (5s) came gnarled hy ating he concep ofthe dt prod. The dot produc, ‘asf when the velocity vector i aliped at an angle wth rerpect the veto aces. (ig 55, The only component of veloc that conte tothe flow trough the i fereml ara ds the component nermal to the ae Vy The dierent cicharge shrough aren ds a= VaSSSTON EL COMRACTENONG MERA 9 ow. _I7, ever A defi wih gt oto she ieee 4 and denn somal tothe ace ttn dt = [Von tA = =A where 4A ithe dot eet of he ‘stn Turunen intr edge or velume awraetoaphasurce Ai a= [vias 83) dhe loci consant oe the ar anh rat plas arth the charge anvea IGimadio, the elo alse vers arligd en Qn va tic eer the ecg equton developed for charge Ba (5.2). Mass Flow Rate Maslow tithe rat fas Hn a a instant negation arm. rao psig ough ross eon ae An, a-( nocdatne le aE 8 “The comnan un for mate ow rate are i and tgs ‘Ung the ame sproach a rv flow ra, the fas of he ld in the masked selumein Tig 5 Be = pW, weep th average dey Th one an derive sees ‘ell eatin 8mm SE 7 Bear 7 ei ar =O 67 = pa? Tegel on ofthe mas Bow gun epudigto (5.518 so [oveas on sh iy ty csi nt Sig Sennen SOULS) Gs ccegon ance ne [oven en Working Eucton ‘2m ee ois a i iin 10 ty BEM ume 5.5 oct rs aa ange bth epecto foalTABLE 5.2 Summary ofthe Flow Rob Equant me ‘Q= vl fi te = dcp A) = mea wy ~ are anenged veo (a) coment) se et) | = ead of pre) | 4 diet a) = wlio pate) | 44 Bc recor) ipso fom nt ic) be van san | Example Problems Formos rb aplation ofthe flow ate eatin nvole ating rams ito the “qpopride pon see ample er isan Ss ‘Aephina Flow Ree Eqution to aFow of Airin ape | 459% SA ee ee a=% » ren Smet Theptnis Arthas ms des o124 gn mn aps) 4, eae Qing.) ‘wring whan Shem (9848) saat ‘iva nye ate saps Wha we ean ‘lca cage hc pier athe aa 2, Cate Ving 4) Tat S-axemar es (etn and 2) olane ew ae (Baca) Fa) nea by ete iste olan rap koovn apy he ss Neve euron (1) mn @SECTOR, SHMRACTERNG MERLE 9 ROW._T7S. We i pies aco acon mace an evel vcr sa ab ane th eget ‘weve oral ecto en oes the dt prod These ested by Examples 2. ee ‘Calin he Vine ow Ray ping he Det Pde ‘es ins che ano 3 tect ‘amd besa mea dato ‘ered ng svete wh creer er = ‘etn Salon ur ove ina pn cia ‘Sc a fa) a cats per metro wh of heat ocean Ae oh angen ey Q-V-A~ VAcooh Bes sible hooen xt Gaels en aetin es Tae Ain are Ha) Q-¥eA=voosryn (amisicaoy06n) oie Slnand te Proce 1. Swe Traps ad nc {hoe fowl say we) owe pentyl ns vier actin pe 5a. Knowle Te dca eran thay digncdsg. Another important cs wher acy vie tires pot onthe cote sce In thc one ean inal dernine fo rte ne sped by (5.10) @- van In thst he dient ae denon he bys ofthe pole eo con ‘ese show ia Tle 53. Ansara rable veloc TABLE 5.9 Difretil Aros or Determining Flow Ra i sted by Example 3 7 Tate aa Dec ‘Chanalow une ‘Whe lacy V= Visareangr dane ines echt | Seti guy er tet be ‘Standundajne oat igh Pipelow | ioe “When octy ries V= Vidinarmund pipe then ea {Been wenden 44~ orator iste ds ‘Seria snares hsBre Deter Flow Ro by ing ‘Theat oy ine hae sown ate copying Ao ny dition steer son gr (i) Wate degen he ‘Smt ter 2 me d= 2m thea 5m ec cy earings ctl ee B50) o- [ves o ese (so aos (sd fod gations fares unkown. The ye: vam ce metinssaatnion =o unr a TI 1 Notice that the ferential arn is sete in hesitation I Saha on faiwrry eee he ln it mere (den le [ns sie ee ‘State the Goal eee cd xen [som] ars a Dich Vaune Pow ae) 5.2 The Control Volume Approach Engin sve roemsin fad mechani sing he onal vole apr Bguatins or thisapproach are dered using Roms ransport cre. Thee topics sented in his ‘The Closed System end the Control Volume -Astnredacl econ 2a spe whatever he ng sec or m4. The ern ina cnerthing tat seer othe sie the Bondar rhe tere een the ‘ten and he sroundings Sper con be casi no wo negate ced tern {dhe pen sem (ao Known a cota vlne). ‘The ved pate aa Known sonra mas) sed clan of ater he ‘gine secs for anal BY deion mas cant rss the boundary dae 5SesTONL 2 DE COMMER NOWUME ROACH TZ “Tueboandary ofa cloned estem can more and defor, EXAMPLE, Cones ide a lader ee Fig 54. he goalie the pes fee and temper of hes dr sompreton ences lest a clsed stem com prc a he aise the einer the apt ours woeld defor the son ores so tha the ed syste dae come te ame mate This an Carpe {le pte ect th new thes aye the ae Tere Because the closed ese ares ction and ania apeciecoectien of mater, ‘he closed tom a Tapani exer. “he contol vl (2 or rela nn an open stem) asec volumes regomnspse thatthe engi set anaae The ater secon lume ot [ly changing wit tine Becaoe musi lloming acrov the boundries, Because the onl ‘Dun ve selection aaa la ein in spc he CW lean Elerion cones EXAMPLE, Suppose wer owing through aan (Fg 5:7 andthe ol eto alae the lepthol water has fanton tne hytong herbie stot asptemand {hat she of ptm C7 sounding he ak Noe hat the CV sane hee ‘imensonal beast vou rgon Homene CVs ae wal dren 0d Imenlone Te boundary oar OY te calle the ctrl sua Tis eabheevted pear ‘A contol vase an be died that i eer o se When a fined CV i {elo this sn tht the ape of he CW ad ta yale are constant wth tine When ‘eerning CV ie deine he sap of be CV and its vole change wth ine. ply ‘nimi thevlume of regan of ud EXAMPLE. Tomo rocket made rom alloon spend ema Sng ne cn dine 1 eoeing CV tat surounde the eating balloon an fallow the shape ofthe balloon ‘uring the procs of defton onl fe doved ‘We esi ok ‘ech hop od xing Frag he boSummary When eines ane «problem, thy sl the ype of ese tat s most ‘el Fig 53) There aretwo approsches Ung the contol lume approach the sgincet set reg in space and anaes ow though this regan Using the ceo appoch, the engines eles a body of mater of aed deity and any ths mater “le eampaes the Cone! Ve Approach and ld Stem Arash Win ergs elect atom ey chose ar cnt ve (ypc hand atm appa ey ete pc yp Tepsam ona chee ce ots, Bc a= TABLE 5.4 Comparison oth Conte! Volume and the CesedSptm Approoches = ‘GovedSpacm Appa ———|—_—_—_Contal Nalme Appronch “eicika | Arena ota ton fer | Arp aa gn agri vena lacian | Lapanganaprach ‘Eulerian gph Masri bondi | Mas camer th Dvnds Mawes dai Mass (gant) | Bem nd pen tay | Te emai ie he aay flog | ‘Msiyy | Alwscoistbemiemaniz ‘| Can saath sme materatal ime Ore 2 “ Sethe atc ay th ae “enna alicia id mean tema | ud mshi herman nd har misao hl occ ‘ermal nce Intensive and Extensive Properties Properties whch are measurable character of ate, be aiid int two catego "An extenve proper in poperty tat depen on the rout mater pee. ih Intensive reper any property thas independert ofthe amount of ate pest samp (extene). Mas ome, esr and weight ar etn peoprtie ‘cate ech tae ropes depend oth snot ater pect Examples intense Pressure, temperature anc deny ae Intensive properties case ech of hese popes axeindependint oa the ameast of mater presSECTORS. TIE ConA APOC IZB Many tease ropes are ined taking the ati of oes properties For exp lemty ner nase Sry. sec energy thera of ey "Tdi err eution tole nese an etensv propel define a generic _euesve property b Ala deine creping tense ropery = (Gna “Taeameunt af extensive property otsne incor alum at gen ata it [bam sae {on [a ra where dn an are the deel mab and ret vue eset and he ne Pais cad ost ever he corel whine. Property Transport across ke Contra Surface ec ow rasiports as mten energy ats th conta face the ex ep [io dese hn anspor Come though =e (59) apd ase that he veo ‘Ss entormly ibd crue contd ste. Then the mas low rate though each ‘Sain gen by tne mAvy tis= eoAily ‘Thera otow minaret nwt (oaxdou minsinlow) = (stats oto rat) = ay ~ = Aa = AN ‘exw introduc velo The sme conto wee abe nig 510 with cach cata Sekatecqcsenad bya sce Av oieted oad om the control vole an ih ‘Sibu equal the cosy sete sThe loa epee by vet, V. Tig {Bev protct ofthe velocy andar vectorst ba sons 3 Vid, Verda Vid = 2 Flow tragh cont vsleaina dc ‘ues 5.10 Cent lose ‘pare y eo ocd wae Epcheny sooMo, Syares ss conTees yout arrronelt ane, commen Equant ‘cant at tation 1 the velocity andres have the apposite iretons wilt ation 2 he vel anc are vectors ar inthe se econ Nov the net ms ut ete can be etme catow te = piVsAy~ pias, = PN A+ nM &, a3) = Deven Eyton (S13) satsthat ithe dt rodect Aimed feral ows nto and ox othe IONS EDOM CaNON. 198, Shysedasc pow ‘amply anne Fourth poe ‘etic wan fees ree ise ay194 swern s+. SONTRCA KE ARRIDACH ANE cONMOMITH ERIATION “The formation of vp bbls tthe erition in Fig 5.16 shown in Fig S178 The ‘por bbs form andthe claps as they move ita region of ghee pesire ad re "ep dower with the owe When the ow’ velo ieee arth he sir Prnmirets lte loa vapor pressure but the one of bobble oration extended at {nig 517 In thicaze tne ene per pocket may inert go an laps, (agent raion prdle, fenaenctopee fe Mitisntopees ae eet lgaeron a —— eee he How rato, ch Summary Caton which scaly boing oft iw press sual polemic nan ened stem. Caton ost tocar at oans wham restr b + High clei points + Lecton eth igh voces (eg ensritios in pps. ps of rope + These ie sie of panes 5.6 Summarizing Key Knowledge Characterizing Flow Rate (in and @) + Vdume fw te (a) ete by volume off pasing through cos ection ar Ved a rate ln called charge, * Qcanbecealated wih four equations Tan Be [vanm [van vs) ae ° Ba a forte nb) indents (qetitdrtagoetnacemvtoien) yy an + facanbecaclted wth far tions samen == [ovan= | ov aaSSSTONGS. AIMaREN EE NONEDGE 198 + aan sels, Vo isthe vat wy averaged over the ecto area anita {ime Te ones idievet hn fine avrged lay whch nee velcy ‘Seraed ores tine at pin ce Typ aus of ea lot 9 Van = 05 fr aia win rund pipe 1» Wve = 2/3 = 0487 fo lnar ow in arecanlar conde > Vive 079 e086 fret Doin round pe 1 Problems sable withthe fow te egutions an be rpaszed int thre cei Alba juan: Poles thi category ae sled by sightorwadapetion ihe oqo oe Example #1) » Dot Pads When thee ro aligns wth the velosy vec hen py he dt produt(V +A) (2 samp 2). » tin hn fot nine sty owt ‘The Contral Volume Approach and Reynolds Tronspor! Theorem + Aaptom eat th npr els tate Sten ca Belair 0 ‘Seer the clad eem and cord ame 1 fla sytem ia given unio mae fed dent Fae entity mean te ‘else aes compl ofthe sae water Ths mas camot css the boundary of adosed syste, » cota volume (cv or CV) sameeren dined in space an enlsed by ‘ontl uc ror) The Reyolsearpor theorem 4 mathemati! olor cnveting sn egtion ren fr lod to a ution writen fra cnt wlame ‘The Continuity Equation "The law of coneratin of mar contra vue ical th cont ution. The psi of the contin equton ae (cement) (strat) (ut sma) + Tecnu equation can apie at a statin ng and the ais ars ‘Athena eton canbe intpated and pied oe ite ie interval (ef minatn inch eat te te. + Thee weil farms the contin equation se Table $5 on page 68) ae The genera eqstion (aye ees) > The simple fr ae wen there are wel dfinedint ang oat ors) The pipe ow fem apis tolow na pips) Cavitation + Cava acs ina owing isd whe the retards othe eal vpor presse ofthe + apo presen ia Chpter 2, Dat for water ae presented in BMG AS.“+ Cavtion say untae ect it can cate reduced performance Catan an ‘ase rn or pting a sold mater oie, hatons and sutra lures ‘+ Citations mostly to ezrin region of high slo in int eons of centega pimps en tlcton of igh ean, ‘+ Toreducethe probaly eavtation designers can peta components that ae suscep cavaton (les and cen pp) be sutel ai eons REFERENCES 1. Koay RTE Dagan 6. Bat Catton New 2: een, Caan Be Drs New rt ies rs 195 PROBLEMS ‘srt sae in WilyALLS ane dcretn. horcering Flow ater (5.1 [stn sath cage igo) ng ‘enol eine tne pt pln he ek (Gsm the cer sonal se ceed ete 5. The aera lw em) Soph Ghd Coke Dat Iehiagen thew ne stn tb dae IoayadsMakga reac ite hc wk ‘susie ret ep 5. Tigra vee eth tea your “ldap nd mee te et Cae Sette sitet 54D Anahe nameti he vue Gon recon ld be 1 tec euton etheraoeb £5 Alig ows thogh ape wn carat ost fa ihc teste aned ib sane yl ee ‘be Bae) dae (6) gasp ata 5 FS for towota pins rip bic om be ony quo me ener? «boda 5. Fs he daca of wer 5-ducer peis eae What cen yt 5.8 FSA ip wih a dante coer hang docket he Watt caren a pers inl prin eqn Sra) -. Young FA Cvtin New Yk Man 1988, (Bus Onn) Pen ein Wi PLUS 5A dre aig yo expert 27 and rarely 5.0 Ds aa tne) on 25 Pirewith atm uch ener fh nhne [tStdhe mele edb ope emia ees SM Anais ego tet ipecglef poviding2 Bo Feo lng at aad cobs crepes ee preoe of Sd venga of TRC The ‘eco a ong he dc ta he egie 25 ‘Stet ir ft dat {519 Abeta anon egies deine ‘sen oma 100 aa pear at 10 band 3 Theda manga cecal danse {piben What lb earch at SM Thelypseta acy dota acer dc ere ithe adil oan ed, Bi te dc al ‘eect these Pde a of me cy ‘othe oc on teadep wn cdg Tey wen= (1-0-2 bith cyt i yee nN de pects nm ‘te Ste decals 516" wena plete 48 dame ad he ‘wine ey date: he vac Init enfin ap ernie hos Iinioumat te pe Vex 18 rend Von = 12 8 uh dug nee per scan an go per S17 In Pob516i Von Sau” 6a D= 20, uth ding ce et ond deen Se pire sae ac a ct be ‘oy drat shen, Note ha eee ees Be [ection ny Graphene yey tee Feralas What au fie te ety othe Sinaigi oy $9 bt say ssacion AA 5 a and eve Aepthy atten seen Whew othe bende ete dhe cif rsocoae sages. 197 an ste ecg sens. ede Wha ‘hence net om S51 he way techn ef P20 ge je) =i ised he cand wih, as ‘educate cane wt th mer ac 5.2 4s We on pe ered es wo ak fered wg ani aN, ‘Wintec in coin secon AS The 5.28 Verena aa gh 8 po {sah puthataga by 2 fcr cn Te ces Itag a me Tel edn thea ‘cin lactamase ‘Sede wl mena ay prt |824/ anempta eqn tbe ety Seaton Innocent open ape) howard ata dance yt eorethc aot Una the dp tte ge Sean Sih scary nate prac ps mea. rtrd athe eae wy? 5.25 Thtypthtil troy na sted hate ‘Rencongyng pe eerie eh doen ‘Sich mimam noc so$26 Theeacy ft cl pipe acrg a Seeguoa VN = (1 Pier uth coterlne ‘ep eerste a de me Foe(n=orlinrow), Date een eyo 527 Motte woot dst seo tepid ‘erin te corpo Hong tree ‘mindlanet at ns cy dros ey VE Pd mi Hoe athe nthe pend 1528 Wit Bw raph 40 neers a ‘Stomin Cac te men ney me T= 529 it wae ows trough a pela x 70min. 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