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Setting Directional Over Current Relays As The Loc
Setting Directional Over Current Relays As The Loc
Setting Directional Over Current Relays As The Loc
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Setting Directional Over Current Relays as the Local Backup of Distance Relays in
Power Network
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Abstract- In this paper a new algorithm based on method [5] and dual simplex [6]. In [7] a matrix
genetic algorithm and a new objective function are method is used to obtain the relay setting.
used to increase the operating speed and the All of the above approaches consider a predefined
selectivity of power system protection relays. In this characteristic for each DOC relay and then current
method the optimal operating time of second zone settings and time settings are obtained. Since it is
of distance relays and also the optimal operating possible to apply different characteristics on DOC
characteristic, PSM and TSM of over current relays, so in this paper we will try to achieve the
relays are calculated simultaneously. Finding the optimum operating characteristic, the optimum time
absolute optimum point of the optimization setting and current setting of DOC relays and also the
problem and improvement in the speed and optimum time setting of distance relays' second zone
coordination of power system protection relays are by solving the optimization problem.
the advantages of this method in comparison with It will be shown that this idea will improve the speed
the ordinary methods like simplex or dual simplex. and coordination of protection system. In this paper, at
Numerical results obtained with the proposed first, the process to obtain the constraints of the
method for a real power system are presented. problem is illustrated and then we will investigate the
proposed approach for solving these constraints.
Keywords: Power system protection, Distance relay, Finally the proposed approach will be tested on a real
Over current relay, Optimal coordination network and the results will be compared with other
approaches.
1) Introduction
Distance relays are used in power systems as the main 2) The constraints to coordinate distance and DOC
relays to protect lines because of their high speed in relays
clearing faults and also the easiness of their In power systems, DOC relays are used as the local
coordination. Each distance relay has three zones backup of distance relays. Figure 1 shows this plan:
which second and third zones operate as the backup of
the forward lines. [1] shows different ways to set the
Breaker Trip Mechanism Trip
impedance and the operating time of each zones of
distance relays.
Despite modern distance relays, directional over CT Distance DOC
current (DOC) relays are the best choice for local Relay Relay
backup of distance relays from the economical and (Main) (Backup)
PT
technical point of view, But it is too complicate to Fig 1- DOC relay as the local backup of distance relay
coordinate these relays together. Today optimization
methods have been used to coordinate directional over
Figure 2 shows a simple method for coordination of a
current relays together. In this paper, a new method
distance relay and a DOC relay.
based on genetic algorithm and a new objective
function are used to coordinate directional over current
t
relays together and also with distance relays.
In optimization methods, at first, the constraints for
coordination of each main and backup relay are tb
determined. [1] discusses the process of determining ! CTI tz2
such constraints. Then, these constraints are solved by
an optimization method in order to achieve minimum
time setting of each relay. Some of the optimization
b m
methods that have been used for the above problem F1
are: simplex method [2, 3, 4], two phase simplex
Fig 2- Coordination of a distance relay and a DOC relay
329
Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
As figure 2 shows, in order to coordinate one distance relay for fault F2. Ib,pickup and Im,pickup are pickup
relay with a DOC relay, the operating time of DOC currents of backup and main relay. TSMb and TSMm are
relay for fault F1 should be more than the second zone time setting multiplier of backup and main relay.
operating time of distance relay. This interval should For optimal coordination of power system relays, at
be more than CTI. CTI is the time interval for first, it is essential to form the coordination constraints
coordination of main and backup relay. So the of all main and backup relays. Then the parameters of
constraint for coordination of distance relay with DOC the relays should be set such that for the least
relay will be in the form of inequalities 1: operating time of relays, all the constraints be satisfied.
tb ( F1 ) t z 2 ! CTI (1)
3) Proposed approach for optimal coordination of
tb(F1) is the operating time of DOC relay for fault F1
distance and DOC relays
and tz2 is the operating time of distance relay second
According what expressed in the previous section, we
zone.
should determine four parameters in order to set and
Additionally, in order to coordinate two directional
coordinate distance and directional over current relays:
over current relay [8], one as main relay (m) and the
a) The operation characteristic of relays should be
other as back up relay (b), (it is shown in figure 3), the
determined. To achieve inequalities 4, 5 and 6, we
difference between the operating time of back up relay
assumed that the operation characteristic of DOC
and the operating time of main relay for faults F1 and
relays is normally inverse. Since we can apply several
F2 should be more than CTI. F1 and F2 are short
characteristic on a DOC relay, so in this paper we try
circuits at near bus and far bus of main relay
to achieve the optimal operation characteristic of
respectively.
relays which improve the selectivity and speed of
protection system.
For example for SPCS 2D26 relay, which is produced
t by A.B.B. Company we can apply six characteristics
! CTI as expressed in table 1.
tb
! CTI tm
Table 1- Characteristics of SPCS DOC relay
0.14
b m Normally t
I
* TSM
Inverse
: ( ) 0.02 1
I pickup
F1 F2
13.5
Very t * TSM
: I
Inverse ( )1 1
I pickup
Fig 3- Coordination of DOC relays 80
Extremely t * TSM
: I
Inverse ( )2 1
So the constraints for coordination of DOC relays b I pickup
330
Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
Where:
Chari : Characteristic of i' th DOC relay
LTI PSMi : Current setting multiplier of i' th DOC relay
TSMi Time setting multiplier of i' th DOC relay
EI :
tz2 i : Second zone operatin time of i' th distance
VI relay
t n is the total number of DOC relays and m is the total
NI number of distance relays. The objective function
which is used in this paper for grading the
RXIDG
chromosomes is:
RI
ObjectiveFunction
N
(7)
Min{¦ K1 * MC K 2 * CTINM K 3 * Sum(tOC )}
I / I pickup n 1
331
Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
332
Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
333
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