9/26/2017 Odysseyware

Adirondack Learning Academy

Joshua Korom
Change Password New Password Repeat Password
Save Password

LEARN
MESSAGE
HELP

SIGN OUT
OK

Assignments
Courses
Assignment - 12. Taxonomy: Classification and Naming
Attempt 1 of 2

Course
Biology
Unit
1. BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFE
Assignment
12. Taxonomy: Classification and Naming

Question 1 of 10
Section 1 of 8

There's still work to do:

Are you sure you would like to continue?
No, thank you Yes, please
No, thank you Yes, please
OK Message Teacher
OK
Not at the moment I'm ready to start

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

How To
Notes How To

Welcome to My Notes!

Teachers & students: To add a note, click in any of the boxes that appear as you run your mouse along the left side of the assignment.
Students, you can also color-code your notes or use them as tabs to mark important areas.
When you are done, click Save; if you want to get rid of a note, click Delete.
You can print just the notes you have created or all of the notes created for that assignment.
To make this tutorial disappear, click Dismiss.

Dismiss Close Save

TAXONOMY: CLASSIFICATION AND NAMING

Life science classifications and systems of classification vary greatly depending on interpretations. You may find other systems in reference or science books. This variation
does not mean one is right or better than another system. The classification system discussed in this lesson is still a work in progress, and this work has only just begun,
particularly with bacterial diversity that continues to expand. In this lesson, you'll review the most recent taxonomic system accepted by most scientists. You'll also become
familiar with the naming system, called binomial nomenclature, used in this classification system.

Objectives

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 1/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
Distinguish among modern taxonomic levels of classification.
Identify the characteristics of a species.
Understand common names are not specific.
Practice using the binomial nomenclature system for common organisms.

Vocabulary
also known as archaebacteria; prokaryotic organisms with different structures than bacteria; believed to be the most
archaea
primitive organisms, capable of inhabiting extreme environments
binomial nomenclature the two-name system of naming living things used in classification
eubacteria prokaryotic organisms including bacteria and cyanobacteria
eukaryote a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and/or organelles as its major characteristic
the form or appearance of an organism; the collection of physical characteristics and the structure which make up an
morphology
organism; a basis for species definition
prokaryote a cell whose nucleus is not bound by a membrane
the separation of populations of organisms by some type of barrier to produce variations of species; no reproduction or
reproductive isolation
exchange of genes occurs between the separated groups; a basis for species definition
Vocab Arcade

The Levels of Classification

Show Transcript

00:07 -02:36 02:44

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 2/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware

S-T-R-E-T-C-H
There used to be only five kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera. During the late 1970s, American microbiologist Carl Woese discovered significant
DNA differences between organisms within the Monera kingdom. Today, most scientists divide the Monera kingdom into Eubacteria and Archae.

Lower Levels of Classification

Show Transcript

What is a 02:38
00:00 02:38 Species?

The term species, the basic rank of the taxa, is difficult to define precisely and therefore is not always agreed upon by all scientists. Two meanings of species are relevant to
scientists today. One has to do with reproductive isolation, which means that organisms are of the same species if they can interbreed and reproduce for more than one
generation. If they cannot produce young, they belong to different species and are isolated from each other in classification. The second meaning of species has to do with
morphology, or the way a plant or animal looks or grows. Classification could depend on anything from the shape of leaves or wings to the color of flowers or fur. Organisms
in the same species share many similarities in morphology. Therefore, when determining the taxon based upon morphology, a scientist is relying on genetic similarities.

Variations may occur within a species. These smaller groupings within a species are called varieties, races, breeds, or subspecies. Varieties of some species may look
different in some way but are capable of interbreeding to produce offspring that are also capable of producing offspring. This is evident in observing the many varieties of
dogs. Varieties are characterized by external physical features such as size, color, and general shape.

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 3/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware

What's in a Name?

We have always tried to organize and classify life forms around names. The local names given to organisms are often subjective, having been chosen upon the basis of
emotion or individual preferences. What is popular or common changes with different people and languages, so the name may be meaningless in some places. Common
names abound (e.g., the mallard duck has around thirty common names).

To add to the confusion, foreign names may be misleading. When the same popular name is not in use from one country to another, the name may be lost or complicated.
The names for this well-known bird of the United States will provide a good illustration:

United States: English sparrow

England: House sparrow
France: Moineau domestique
Spain: Gorrion
Portugal: Pardal
Italy: Passera oltramontana
Germany: Haussperling
Holland: Musch
Denmark and Norway: Graaspurv
Sweden: Hussparf

A more definite system of rules for naming is needed.

Binomial nomenclature

A system of rules for naming does exist. That system is binomial nomenclature, or two-name calling, and was developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Instead of depending on
names that can be understood only locally, this system uses names that can be understood universally. Binomial nomenclature uses Latin words, which, generally speaking,
are more universally accepted than those of any other language.

In addition to setting standards for naming in a more universally-understood manner, binomial nomenclature uses names that tell us something about the thing named, usually
describing appearance or distribution of the organism. For example, Tyrannosaurus rex means "tyrant-lizard king," a very fitting description. Sometimes the discoverer of a
species is included in the scientific name. The two parts that make up the binomial name indicate genus and species. The first name of the pair is the genus name; it is always
capitalized. A genus is a group of organisms that share major features or characteristics. The second is the species name; it is in lower case. The species name identifies one
particular organism within the group or genus. Both names are always italicized (also indicated by underlining).

Let's return to the example of the English sparrow. To make the name more widely understood, Linnaeus gave the bird the Latin name Passer domesticus. This name
indicates the sparrow's scientific classification. Passer comes from the word for sparrow and is the generic name; domesticus means around the house and names the species.
Notice also that Passer functions as a noun and domesticus functions as an adjective.

Naming clues

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 4/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
Along with the information that classification gives, we should take note of the Latin clue endings for taxa. For plants, -ophyta is a division ending; -ae, or -eae is a class
ending; -ales is an order ending; and -aceae is the usual family ending. Notice that the species name is italicized (or underlined) and that the species name also includes the
genus name.

Taxa         Classification
Information
                  
Organisms that usually have chlorophyll and cell walls. These organisms usually make their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
Kingdom Plantae

Flowering plants. The seeds of these plants are enclosed or covered by the ovary of the flower. These plants are also referred to under the
Division Magnoliophyta Phylum: Angeiospermae.

Also referred to as of the Class: Monocotyledons, or monocots. The embryo plant inside the seed has one cotyledon or seed leaf for stored food.
Class Liliopsida Flower pairs are usually in threes. The conducting tissues are scattered in bundles through the stem. Leaves usually have veins parallel.

Plants which have wind or self-pollinating flowers bearing a single ovule. Flowers are arranged as spikes.
Order Cyperales

The grass family has only monocots with hollow stems and greenish flowers with flower parts like petal missing. The fruit is a grain or caryopsis.
Family Poaceae

Large grasses with separate pollen and seed flower clusters (the tassel and the ear). The grain is enclosed by leafy husks.
Genus Zea

Species Mays Sweet Corn

Word endings for animal taxa are different from those for plant taxa. The -a or-ata endings are used for phylum; -a or -ea for class; -a, -ea, or -i for order; and -ae for family.
Note the wide variation of endings. Unless the classification word is used with the taxon, we may have difficulty determining the rank of classification being discussed. Only
the taxa of family and species can be identified by the unique ending of -ae, or the binomial requirement for the naming of the species.

Taxa           Classification    
Information
               
Organisms that are dependent on other animals or plants for food. Lack cell walls. Usually capable of locomotion or movement.
Kingdom Animalia

Develop notochord and later vertebrae for backbone body support. Spinal cord or one nerve cord down back.
Phylum Chordata

Organisms covered with soft, moist, glandular skin; no scales; eggs with gelatinous covering; three-chambered heart. Young usually aquatic
Class Amphibia breathing through gills; adults living on land breathing through lungs.

Head and body are fused with no obvious neck, no tail. Front legs short, hind legs long for leaping; webs between toes. Metamorphosis
Order Salientia obvious from tadpole to adult.

True frogs. Smooth skin, narrow waist, long legs; toes with webs, fingers separate. Teeth in upper jaw. Eggs in tapioca-like masses.
Family Ranidae

Fingers and toes without end discs. Some with, others without, lateral ridges. Edible frog legs.
Genus Rana

Leopard Frog Rana [frog, Latin]; pipiens [frog, Surinam]

Species Rana pipiens

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 5/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware

Let's Review!
In this lesson you have learned:

To distinguish among modern taxonomical levels of classification,

To identify the characteristics of species,
To understand common names are not specific; and,
To practice using the binomial nomenclature system for common organisms.

What would you like to do next?

Work on questions
Read next section

Failure to upload file.

Please check that the file size is less than 10MB and is one of the following file types:

[csv, doc, docx, pdf, xls, xlsx, txt, rtf, ppt, pptx, odf, odt, ods, odp, mdb, accdb, pub, jpg, jpeg, pages, numbers, key]

Vocab Arcade

Spelling Bee
Flash Cards
x

Spelling Bee

Close
x

Flash Cards

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 6/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware

Close
WRITER
Word Count: of
Overall Score:

Grade Level:
Readability:
Topic Agreement:
Writing:

You will be signed out in seconds due to inactivity.

Delete Close Save

Welcome to My Notes!

Teachers & students: To add a note, click in any of the boxes that appear as you run your mouse along the left side of the assignment.
Students, you can also color-code your notes or use them as tabs to mark important areas.
When you are done, click Save; if you want to get rid of a note, click Delete.
You can print just the notes you have created or all of the notes created for that assignment.
To make this tutorial disappear, click Dismiss.

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 7/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Match the following.

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 8/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
also known as archaebacteria; prokaryotic organisms with different structures
1. than bacteria; believed to be the most primitive organisms, capable of inhabiting prokaryote
extreme environments
2. the two-name system of naming living things used in classification eukaryote
3. prokaryotic organisms including bacteria and cyanobacteria archaea
a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and/or organelles as its major
4. reproductive isolation
characteristic
the form or appearance of an organism; the collection of physical characteristics
5. binomial nomenclature
and the structure which make up an organism; a basis for species definition
6. a cell whose nucleus is not bound by a membrane eubacteria
the separation of populations of organisms by some type of barrier to produce
7. variations of species; no reproduction or exchange of genes occurs between the morphology
separated groups; a basis for species definition
Next Question
Read Next Section
Ask for help New Sent
Turn it in

Quizzes and tests must be completed once started.

Attempt: of

Not at the moment

I'm ready to start

Your teacher has skipped this unit.

OK

This Unit has been Skipped.

No action is required. If you have any questions, please contact your teacher.

MARK AS READ
MARK AS UNREAD
ARCHIVE
UNARCHIVE

New ()

Inbox

Inbox
Archived
Sent

All Messages

All Messages
Unread Messages
Read Messages

Compose

From:
To:
Subject:
Assignment:

Archive
Reply
Forward

FAQ
WHAT'S NEW
RESOURCES
(877) 251-6662
Monday-Friday 7 a.m. - 11 p.m. CT and Saturday-Sunday 1 p.m. - 7 p.m. CT

The Help Page

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 9/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
The Learn Page
The Messages Page
In An Assignment
App Info

The Help Page

Do I have to see this awesome video every time I log in?

As cool as it is, I know you probably want to get to your assignments. You can uncheck the “Always show after sign in” box and you’ll go directly to Assignments
the next time you log in.

How do I see the FAQ page?

You’re so sneaky! If you’re already reading this…

What is App Info for?

Don’t worry too much about that information. You’ll only need that if you call Tech Support with a problem.

The Learn Page

How do I know what I need to do today?

You can get to your day’s assignments in two different ways - both of which are under the Learn page. If you have unchecked the box in What’s New (see above!),
you will go right to the Assignments tab when you log in; if you haven’t, just click the Learn button. The Assignments tab will show you what assignments need to
be done; they are in due date order for each course. If you want to look at a single course, or review work you have already completed, go to the Courses tab.

Why is my assignment orange?!

If the due date for an assignment has passed, that assignment will turn orange and the word Overdue will appear. This will happen even if you and your teacher have a
different schedule worked out, so don’t panic!

What is the for on my assignment?

That is the Info button; hover over it to see more info about that assignment. You will also see it in the Courses tab, where it will tell you even more information.

Do I have to click on the arrow to go to my lesson?

You do not. In the Courses tab, those arrows let you know if you are about to navigate down a level or jump into an assignment. You can click anywhere in that line
you’d like.

Why won’t a lesson open when I click on it under the courses tab?

In the Learning Management System, the curriculum is designed to release your assignments to you one-by-one and requires you to successfully complete a lesson
before moving on to the next. You will only be able to work on lessons that have been made available to you by your teacher. You will know that a lesson is available
to be worked because it will have an arrow next to it.

How do I get back to my course list on the Courses page?

If you clicked on a course and want to go back to the main list you can either use the arrow on the left side of the navigation bar or click on the Courses tab.

The Messages Page

What is the Message of the Day?

The Message of the Day is your school’s way of contacting you with important information, deadlines, or maybe even a note of encouragement. We recommend you
open your message every time you log in to see if the MOTD has changed or if your teachers have contacted you.

How do I open a message?

Just like assignments, you can click anywhere along the message to open it.

Can I send a message while I’m in an assignment?

Absolutely! At any point while working on an assignment you can click on Messages to send a message. When you are ready to go back to your lesson, just click the
middle of the Navigation Bar where the assignment info is listed and BAM! you’re right back into it.

In An Assignment

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 10/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
I’m in my assignment…now what?

Let’s take a quick look around.

Your assignment is in the center of your screen and consists of one or more sections of reading material, study tools, videos, games, and questions.
Just above it is the Navigation Bar (or NavBar); you can use it to return to your other assignments or courses, cycle assignment sections, and move back and
forth between the assignment material and the questions. The NavBar will follow you as you scroll up and down, making it very easy to use.
At the top of the screen are the buttons to take you to Messages, the Help page, or to logout for the day.

What are the icons on the right for?

That is your Toolbar. Each icon in the toolbar is a different tool designed to assist you in your assignments. To use a tool, select the text and click the tool (or vice
versa):
Print allows you to print your assignments for studying or to work on while you’re offline. You can choose to print just the assignment or to add notes created
by you and your teacher (I’ll talk about Notes in a little bit). You do not have to select any text to use this tool.
Reference will pull up a definition and explanation of a word or phrase.
Translate will translate selected text into one of nineteen language options, and can be heard in the new language.
Text To Speech will read back the material you select in the voice of your choice.

Why are sections and questions separated?

As funny as it sounds, they are separated to make it easier to use them together! Let me explain: Some students like to read & watch all the stuff in the lesson first;
others like to look at the questions so they know what to look for in the reading. Whatever method works for you, this setup allows you to scroll through the lesson
material, switch to your questions, and return to the same spot where you left off. We also keep track of what section you’re in so you always know what section your
questions come from. There are some sections that do not have questions; and we want to make sure you see those. Let me give you some examples of how you can
navigate. If you want to go through all the course material first and wait to answer the questions at the end, you can click through the sections numbers on the Section
tab or click Read Next Section at the bottom of each section until you reach the end of the lesson. Then you can click the Questions tab and use the number line or
Next Question button to navigate through the questions. Another option is to read a section and then answer the questions for that section by clicking Work on
Questions at the bottom of the section. When you are done with the questions for that particular section, you will see Read Next Section at the bottom of the question.
This lets you know that you have answered all the questions for that section and are ready to start reading the next section. If there is not a Read Next Section button,
that means that there are more questions to answer for the section you just read. Keep answering them until it prompts you to read the next section.

How do I navigate the question area?

The number line will show you how many questions you have to answer; the blue arrow underneath shows which question number you are currently on; the double
arrow will take you all the way to the first or last question; and the single arrow will move you forward or backward one question. You can also click on one of the
numbers to jump to that question. Once you have selected your answer, you can either move to the next question with the number line or click Next Question. When
you get to the end of a section (in a lesson with more than one section, that is), a pop-up will appear over the Next Question button asking if you want to start reading
the next section’s material or keep answering questions. When you have answered everything, a pop-up will appear over the Turn It In button, asking if you are ready
to turn in your assignment. If you have not answered all of the questions or read all of the sections, a notification box will tell you what parts of the assignment you
missed so you can click No, Thank You and go back and complete them. Don’t hit the Yes, Please button unless your work is complete and you are ready for your
teacher to see it. If you need help with a question, click Ask For Help to send a help request to your teacher.

How do Notes work?

Notes are a way for you to write down anything and everything you find important in an assignment, or just to mark a section of the text you want to come back to.
They are also used by your teacher to give you additional information or instruction.
As soon as you enter an assignment, look at the left margin to see if there are any Teacher Notes; you’ll know them by their red color and label of “Teacher Note.”
Always read notes left by your teacher!
When you want to create a note, click on any of the darkened squares that appear when you move your mouse to the left side of the assignment. The note box will
open. Select the color you’d like your note tab to be and fill in the information. Click Save to keep it or Delete to get rid of it. You can go back into your notes at any
time and change their color, edit them, or delete them. Both you and your teacher can see your notes.

How do I upload a file?

Click the File icon, choose the one you want, then click Upload. You’ll see a green check mark when you have successfully uploaded a file. If you choose the wrong
type you’ll see a warning message with a list of the file types we can accept.

I have a question that uses Writer. How does that work?

Writer is our writing process tool, designed to give you an idea of how you’re doing as you draft your written assignments and allowing you to ask your teacher for
help in a more specific manner. All Writer assignments offer spelling and grammar help; right-click to see suggestions.
Longer assignments also have a scoring matrix. Once you have written your first draft, click the circle arrow in the upper right of the essay box to update your Writer
scores. Clicking on the Overall score will show a drop down with your other scores. As you make changes, you can click the arrow to update your Writer scores.
While the spelling, grammar, and scoring box are all there to assist you, it’s very important to remember that your teacher is one who will be doing the grading, so
don’t get too caught up in the scoring meters and suggestions.

I finished an assignment. What do those stars mean?

Hooray! Those stars are our way of congratulating you for finishing your assignment. There are always 5 stars; the better you score, the more stars will be filled in.
Reach for the stars, friend!

I opened a quiz/test and don’t see any questions. What gives?

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 11/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
When an assignment (even a quiz or test) opens, it always opens on the Section tab. Some of our quizzes and tests have material to help you answer the questions;
some don’t. If you open up to a section that looks blank, just click Question to get started.

App Info
What server am I on?

o2app03

What version am I using?

2.33

Always show after sign in

00:00 00:00

Accessibility Information

Where can I find information about the learning management system’s accessibility features and policies?

The learning management system has a variety of features that help you access course information. Click here to learn more about our accessibility features and policies.

Student Technical Skills

What will I need to know before I start a course in the learning management system?

The learning management system is easy to use and navigate, but students should have basic computer skills before starting a course. Click here to learn more about the skills
required to be able to successfully navigate through the courses.

Academic Support Resources

Where can I find resources to help me with things like writing a paper?

The learning management system provides links and supports within our courses to help you with assignments, but you can also click here for a list of quick links that will
provide basic guidance for tasks such as formatting and citations in reports.

© 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2016 Glynlyon, Inc.

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 12/13
9/26/2017 Odysseyware
Terms of Use

End User License Agreement

I disagree
I agree to these terms and conditions
Let's get started

https://adirondackla.owschools.com/owsoo/studentAssignment/index?eh=789846901# 13/13