REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING

JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

► PRONOUNS

What is a pronoun? It is a type of noun that refers anaphorically to another noun or noun phrase,
but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner.

 Anaphorically : In a repetitive form for emphasis.

 Noun phrase : Group of words ending with a noun. It cannot begin with a
preposition. For example: The book, that new red car, this movie, etc.
 Determiner : Class of words functioning in a noun phrase to identify or
distinguish a referent without describing or modifying it. Examples of determiners include
articles (a, an, the), demonstrative (this, those), cardinal numbers, etc.

TYPES OF PRONOUNS
Subject Object Possessive Reflexive Generic Reciprocal Possessive
Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives
I Me Mine Myself One Each other My
You You Yours Yourself Ones One another Your
He Him His Himself You His
She Her Hers Herself They Her
It It Its Itself Them Its
We Us Ours Ourselves Our
You You Yours Yourselves Your
They Them Theirs Themselves Their

 Subject Pronouns
- Kelly likes to play soccer on weekends.
She likes to play soccer on weekends.
 Object Pronouns
- She gave him a present.
- Hellen gave Antonio a present.

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

 EXERCISES

I. Circle the correct pronoun.

1. (She / Her) wants to buy a new purse for (me / I).

2. Is this (you / your) cellphone? No, that cellphone is not (mine / my).
3. (Him / He) gave (I / me) a bouquet of flowers.
4. This house is ( ours / us).
II. Putting into practice what you have just learned about the types of pronouns, circle
the correct answer.

1. Where are (you / your) friends now?

2. John hurt (himself / his / he) when climbing the tree.
3. This book is (your / yours / you).
4. Here is a postcard from (my / mine / me) friend Luisa.
5. She lives now in Managua with ( her / hers / herself) family.
6. The ball is (my / me / mine).
7. (They / them / their / themselves) go to school in Juigalpa.
8. She made (herself / her / hers) a cup of coffee.
9. I did it by (me / I / myself / mine).
10. Gustavo and Aura helped (one another / each other / themselves) with the homework.

III. Read the sentences carefully and then circle the best choice.

1. Can the person who has not turned off __________ phone please do so immediately?
a. Their
b. You
c. His / Her
d. None of the previous ones.

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

2. Lisa and I have known ___________ for years, since we were children.
a. One another
b. Ourselves
c. One other
d. Each others
e. None of the previous ones.

► PRONUNCIATION

 Sounds /h/, /w/, /s/, /ɔ/

/h/ /w/ /s/ /ɔ/
Hurt Whenever Salary Caught
Adhere Where Sun Awful
Hardly Wet Satisfying Saw
Himself We Spontaneous Flaw
Hit Wine Star Law
He Whale Synonym Boss

IV. Listen and circle the word you hear:

1. Caught / Cut
2. Bus / Boss
3. Done / Dawn
4. Vet / Wet
5. V / We
6. She has a nice (air / hair)

 Sounds /dʒ/, /tʃ/, /aɪ/, /oʊ/, /ɔr/, /ǝr/

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

/dʒ/ /tʃ/ /aɪ/ /oʊ/ /ɔr/ /ǝr/

Jeep Chop Height Sew Short Fur
Joke Cheap Bike Throw Corner Turn
Jew Change Despite Elbow Ignore Shirt
Jealous Achieve Alike Grow Report Firm
Job Catch Quite Coat Oral Dirty
Journalist Charge Pint Hole Sort Third

/j/ vs /dʒ/
You Jew

Yes June

Yesterday Graduation

Year Judge

V. Listen and Circle the word you hear.

1. Sheep / Cheap
2. Shopping / Chopping
3. Cash / Catch
4. H’s / Ages
5. Choke / Joke
 Vocal Sounds /ɛr/, /ɪr/, /ǝr/, /i/, /ɛ/, /eɪ/, /ɑr/
/ɛr/ /ǝr/ /i/ /ɪr/ /ɛ/ /eɪ/ /ɑr/
Fur Bear Beat Fear Word Brake Heart
Shirt Learn Please Hear Jealous Steak Part
Firm Pear Deal Appear Pleasure Day Are
Third Wear Scream Cheer Earth Fake Bar

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com
VI. Listen to the following words and write them under the correct phonetic symbol.

Spur Dare Far Purse Steer

Hurt Need Rake We End

Work Partake Pay Prefer Beer

Wear Computer Speaker Art Dear

/ɛr/ /ǝr/ /i/ /ɪr/ /ɛ/ /eɪ/ /ɑr/

► USES OF THE VERB “HAVE”

 Use have as a main verb for possession.

I He
You She has
have
We It
They

They have two houses and a wonderful estate.

She has two children.

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

 Use have + object as a main verb for actions.

- Have a snack : Comer algo ligero; Tomar un refrigerio.
- Have lunch : Almorzar.
- Have a meal : Comer.
- Have a drink : Beber, Tomar.

He doesn’t have lunch at home.

After the meeting, we will have a snack.

 Use have as the auxiliary verb to form the present perfect simple and continuous.
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
S.P + Have/has + V.P.P + O S.P + Have/has + been + V-ing + O
I have eaten two tacos. I have been practicing English.
They have been married for three years. They have been playing soccer since the morning.
She has travel to Holland twice. Have you been studying English?
 Use have + object + past participle to say that you ask or pay another person to do something for
you.
- I am going to have my cellphone repaired.
- Tony will have his hair cut.
- They had their teacher accepted to apply the test for the next encounter.

VII. Circle the correct words or phrases.

1. Some friends of ours ______________ a nasty car accident last night.
a. Had
b. Had been
c. Have had

2. She can’t call her husband because she _______________ a cellphone.

a. Doesn’t have
b. Hasn’t had
c. Didn’t have

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

3. _______________ a good time at your nephew’s wedding?

a. Did you have
b. Had you had
c. Have you had

4. Are you coming out with us? ______________ to work late?

a. Have you had
b. Do you have
c. Had you had

5. We _______________ our TV repaired last week, but it still doesn’t work.

a. Had
b. Had got
c. Have got

6. Our mortgage is very high because _______________ an enormous house.

a. We’re having
b. We have
c. We’ve had

7. I ______________ wear a uniform when I went to school.

a. didn’t have to
b. hadn’t got to
c. hadn’t to

8. The manager called another meeting about the project, even though we had already
_______________ several.
a. Have
b. Got
c. Had

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.

 REGIONAL CENTER OF ENGLISH TEACHING
JUIGALPA – CHONTALES
Have the ball at your feet!
Intensive English Course
E-mail: regionalcetchontales@gmail.com

► CONDITIONALS

 Present Real Conditionals: In real conditionals, the verb in the if clause is in the present, even if
it has future meaning.
If you go tomorrow, call me.

Real conditionals can also be formed with the present continuous in the if clause.

If you’re going tomorrow, call me.

If it’s raining, I might take the bus.

 Present Unreal Conditionals: In the unreal conditionals, the verb in the if clause is in past or past
progressive.

If I were on time, I’d walk to work.

If she knew your address, she’d visit you.

Compiled by. Jyuber E. Alvarez C., B.A.