ebeeiiidaileg’, MYSTERIES OF THE MILKY WAY. er Ta) <0) of) rere ely Ruairi) TUT tagGET A GRIP ON CALCULUS Calculus has made it possible to build bei "iver, travel tothe moon, and predict patters of population change. that span miles of | ‘Yer for al ts computational power, calculus is the exploration of just wo ideas —the derivative and the inteyral—bath of which arise from a commonsense analysis of motion. Master them and ‘open «new world for yours So why cdn’t you grasp calculus the fist time? In school, many oF us dida’t continue with mathematics and so this grest achievement remains a closed door. And for those of us who did, awand-wini Professor Michael Starbit¢—coauthar ofthe acclaimed math book for nonmathematicians, The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking—ean coerce the clumsy classroom delivery ‘that hid is beauty. 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Wading Detar Stee 19-Gate meen cuca 6. Detaties the ny Wy 1B. Going ofthe Line Motion a Spce SymblPuring 19, Mount Sloper ed Tangent lanes 2. Absctng the Deva 20, Severs Varbies volumes Gore icles and ats 21, The anaamenta Theorem ended & Gres raids cone andsohees Fads cfAnoo™ 10. Thelngaland he 2 Ol Ras, Vives, and Guts Pama aoe Dae qeLearn how geneticists can engineer a better world, one DNA snippet at atime. Meet the innovators behind the most detailed diagram ofthe brain’ circuitry. ‘a matter off and death for leatherback turtles onthe beaches of French Guiana, SeldNes ‘The Spitzer Space Telescope is giving us anew perspective on our own galaxy. ce Fle Perr “The more we learn, the clearer it Dia mysterious sa help feed ong lost inhabitants ofthe Amazon rainforest? becomes that the brain is more than the sum of its parts.” Find out how detectors atthe bottom of the sea are capturing elusive subatomic particles, inside a unique effort to Keep flesh-eating worms from invading the US, MARCHYAPRIL2010 SCIENCEILLUSTRATED.COM | 1Letters Trivia Countdown Brain Trainers & 2 | SCIENCEILLUSTRATED.COM MARCIVAPRIL2010VES MR et | TODAY - The United States Rare Coin & Bullion Reserve has scheduled the final (CR eee oe OBC eee Ue MR eu ROM eae OS mao ecls Be eee rene Bese basis, for the incredible markup/ree price of $126/each. 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Ever isue, we highlight Se ets) Deen ee ga Ce ea Cesena eens eee ee een See ees eee een eee eT rea ray Xelaives BROS ian The Lowdown In “Who Will Survive?” January! February, you state that pikas live at ides from 8,000 10 13,000 fee. ‘Yerother populations have recently ‘been found at elevations well below 8,000 feet, according to Embere Hall of the Teton Science School's Con- servation Research Center in Jackson, ‘Wyoming, This shows chat they are ati capable of living ata broader ra use (er Yellowstone Fcosystem than previously thought. ‘Marilyn Stone Via e-mail Darwin Debate ‘Origins of a Revolution in Hard cover" [NovembertDecember 2009] ‘as most interesting, In the 1926 au thorized edition af The Origin of Species, however, the final sentence actually reads: “There is graneur in this view of Tite, with is several powers, hav ing been originally breathed by the (Creator into afew forms or into one: and that, whilst this planet has gone ‘eyeing om according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning, endless forms most beautifil and ‘most wonderful have been, and are being evolved,” By editing the quote [to remove "by the Creator") you continue to foster the unnecessary debate betwteen science and religion. Richard J. Erdlac, Via e-mail EDS: Dawinadded'by the Creator to the book’ second edition. Modem edits Cofhisistedtion, the ate’ subject, do not include these words, according to science historia University of Ronald Numbers of the Corrections The London Underground has 155 miles ofan racks not 250 Word Sclence, Now/Dec 2009) stil holds the record fo the longest stance traveled by diferent routes by sighdy mare than 10rnies. ‘Seaice decin is threatening some polar bear populationsin the Arctic notin Ant- atctica Who Wl Survver, Jan Feb enor tte new uscnprions Keng ancry Poets ILLUSTRATED Editor-in-Chief Mark Jannot eatvepwectrsom sed DBenaty eter cob Eoratreduon Managers Copy an eenreh Director ina et, Eopyeaiortsontass i onmopcmetegengteon Pheer eet ie cette escicrecet Seticerr Ss Ses ee he Seep ea teu tonne crooner cusps sero ese seperenceeaceeeyastc Ee caierona iceman ecietaracgite tno intronon icootreeonnestas ieeethaepraaad Rn fotze acts er Banco Se, wn uanine town a ampere eosin eter ie a Se cccpe te tie Director of Special Events che Cot sorcerer See ama etal each in Sarin are Reeds es Peon a Sacatemeteesy ee caren Sewer Spohr seoteerreotout tamer Sree Em iene Reaves tatibnth he BONNIER het Emcee ery Soe {hit Operating Ofer bon Aran ‘hit Pancial ttet Racal Fou Sit Comrrat Stes ond Marketing rh Whnan ‘is Presiden Consumer Marating ior ‘ee Present Producto in Ene ‘ie Preagent edi All ‘is Presson Digs Sler a harting ihn skin ‘ee Present Enterprise Systems hor on ‘ee Present Human Resources Cathy ‘es Present Corporate Communications bean Tul Brond Director Jnl Publching Contant son. War Corporate Counsel rey Thorson Sewerkuusattooputted unr come erent ith Bri utteatans capri Banna Pleats opening Derr {SucShatocalae nor sm auae eUS plecal 336597388 Or ourmoy wre Cstome Sen, Fostocezans PamconaFUIaNa2 O23 4 | SCIENCEILUSTRATED.COM ¥ARCH/APRIL 2010 SCIENCE heb ould Attend? + Elementary Teachers of Science * Science Teachers * Preservice Teachers + Science Coordinators * Curriculum Specialists + Administrators * Principals * College Methods Professors * College Science Educators + Policymakers Visit www.nsta.org/ Philadelphia or call 1-800-328-8998 for more information. hoo by Sim Means ‘ Featured Speakers: VP of the Planetary Society Bill Nye the Science Guy®, Greg Marshall, inventor of National Geographic's Crittercam research tool, and Dr. Jane Lubchenco, Administrator of NOAA. * Day-long special events including Teacher Researcher Day, Informal Day, and International Day. * Develop content knowledge, new teaching strategies, best practices. * Presentations, workshops, and sessions in your discipline and grade band © Competence on relevant issues— literacy, assessment, inquiry—and more * Networking with peers and other professionals * Exhibition Hall: Top companies, top products, top giveaways Development Strands ‘* Meeting the Unique Needs of Urban and Rural Science Leamers Connecting Content: Between, Within, and Among Subjects * Closing the Digital Generation Gap Between Teachers and Students ‘© Rekindling the Fires of Science Teaching and Learning ‘srt National Science “Teachers ‘Association,a eee —_~a x Pa on Cec lad aut reread sa I ace earl PoC e rata rune Ibeunue Deuce curl See meee eat —invasion ofthe Bled) BS eee ete one ome Cece ek form when a cell's structure degrades, divides, or is placed under physical or chemical stress. During this process, the cell membrane detaches from the cytoskeleton, the scaffolding that Dene ee eo oe eee oe ce et eee) such images to examine how cells maintain normal functioning and to lean how cancer cells distupt the process. This microscopy image, by researcher Anne Weston, won 2009 Wellcome Image Award, given for outstanding scientificand medical photography. a ec Xm net a Tear}weave Q) ET eee Pee ed rome)Itty-Bitty Blossom So thin that they're nearly transparent, the blooms of one of the world’s smallest orchids ‘measure just over 0.08 inch across. Lou Jost, an ecologist with EcoMinga, a plant-conservation foundation, discovered the yet-to-be-named species in a cloud forest at an altitude of almost 10,000 feet on the Cerro Candelaria mountain in Ecuador. The minuscule orchid, shown here besidea ruler, was flowering among the roots ofa larger orchid that Jost had brought back to his greenhouse for study.Dea konAJetof flame shoots out ofthe Lynxrocket’s main engine during Renae eee eee ese cleat oa Ree Cece cin eee caen Ered eau ear tacc altitudes of up to 200,000 feet. Roughly the size of asmalllplane, ynxis powered by four engines that burn liquid oxygenand kero- Pea eo ncaa cuca e aR nee first test flight scheduled for later this year or early next. ————ereens Pela emiectetea te nus REYFUN LIKE SUDOKU except you end up SPEAKING JAPANESE. ‘Watch anyone solving a Sudoku puzzle and {you see a brain on fire: eyes transfixed, pencil (or pen for the audacious) skittering across the squares, a number seribbled in place, done! ‘Surprisingly, what looks like work is actually fun. Not so surprising say cognitive scientists because your brain loves solving puzzles. That’s how it learns. 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University of California at designed a photos by emitting laser pulse billionth of a second long W few rogue cells among the billions of healthy ones is cif copy technique [MARCHVAPRIL2010.SCIENCEILUSTRATED.COM | 15,‘Science Update Cr ee ey eee ay Pe ee eee ee Peer! over surfaces such as sand and paved roads with no helpful objects has been more of a mystery. Now research from Denar ero See ae eed 2 snake's scales, combined with almost, imperceptible shftsin its bady weight, helps the reptile move forward on flat Nee ee Ces Seas 16 | SCIENCEILLUSTRATED.COM MH H/APRI The Secret of Slithering: PIE COR UU Rac Special belly scales and subtle movements help propel snakes forward on flat terrain Pe ea Coe ee eee See) Ee ea eae on atilted board, When the board was covered with a piece of fabric, sideways Set ae et friction compared with forward sliding (friction was calculated based on the angle of the board). The researchers say Cee ee en Cee eee ne eee ee een eee Cee eae er ere eee a Figged to light up when the reptiles ap- Pees ee aed en Sees eee et eae iat Net eda to their body waves. The findings could help engineers design better snakelike robots for search-and-rescue missions.LETT CRU Dery Senne) eee a ee eee eg Seen ac) eet eee eg See ed Soe ea eer) ene eer) A Car for the Blind ‘Students at Virginia Tech have designed a prototype car to put steering in the hands of the blind. The retrofitted four-wheel dirt buggy uses laser range finders, voice commands and vibrating gloves, among other features, to direct the driver. Two Ford Escape hybrids equipped with the technology are planned for this year. Peet ered Saad De ed Cee eas —aos Dei Marca a ete Cee eects US. could be used to sequester Cee ae Pee at) ©, toform carbonate minerals Peed aided by Cec eee reach om Pane ed eee esis Pe ose rere eee Ree thatare decimating Australias Sere aay ee Dee eens RL2010 SCIENCEILUSTRATED.COM | 17Potbellied Bottle Warded Off Witches SRSLY oe ee pe ean ee certo ed eee ed among the bizarre contents of a“witch bottle” _ such bottles could ward off ree alee) reflect their spells—commonly believed to Se eeaeecens Tropical Storms Prevent Quakes aoe ause widespread destruction Peru bat also preveri some a aster geophysic bottle, probably the resultofa chemical from the Carnegie Insti ee amen re teres Washington an f Eee eerie) ie fea ee ee oe rae ic (1542-162 end See acon ear eect! The miles most likely covered by millions of globe skimmer dragonflies during their annual journeys from India to Africa and back, according toanew study. It’s the longest insect migration known. 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Many are therefore in See ee acu) Etec Sete reese tet ae eee have pointed rela el yS Vee ad constantly change the height Cereus hem convenient for storing and ransporting liquids like live designed to be stacked in layers. The pointed bottoms could be situated firmly between the 1ecks ofthe layer below, with ‘ured in sand or pebble 8 Their pointy shape gave the 3 ceramic jars stuctural svengt | allowing themo hold large when empty MARCHVAPRIL 2010. SCIENCEILLUSTRATED.COM | 25that come after hydrogen and helium on eer sa Oe eas Dn eon erie ges inside stars, eee ieee eo CeCe eee See ene heavier lithium) were formed by nuclear reactions during the big bang, The ele ments beryllium, boron and most of the Cee ees with interstellar carbon, rn SEE) ee eee Peers 26 | SCIENCEILLUSTRATED.COM_ MARCH/APRIL 2010 Gree esto stars, can create all ofthe elements up t aaa Be eee od eee Cec Pere eae Se nen Into its nucleus. 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