Blood Gases

Arterial Venous
pH 7.35–7.45 7.32–7.42
pCO2: millimeters of mercury, mmHg 35–45 mmHg 38–52 mmHg
pO2 70–100 mmHg 28–48 mmHg
HCO3– 19–25 mmol/L 19–25 mmol/L
O2 Sat % 90–95 40–70

CBC: Complete blood count, Adults

Male Female
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 13.5–16.5 12.0–15.0
Hematocrit (%) 41–50 36–44
RBC's ( x 106 /ml) 4.5–5.5 4.0–4.9
RDW (RBC distribution width) 11.5%–14.6%
MCV: mean corpuscular volume 82–98 femtoliters (fl)
MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin 26–34 picograms (pg)
MCHC%: mean corpuscular hemoglobin content 31–38 gm/dL or 31%–38%
Platelet count 100,000 to 450,000
WBC: White blood cell differential
WBC total: adults and children >2 years 4,500–10,000 or 4.5–10 x 109/liter (SI units)
WBC total: children <2 years 6,200–17,000 or 6.2–17 x 109/liter (SI units)
WBC total: neonates 9,00–30,000 or 9–30 x 109/liter (SI units)
Neutrophils 55%–70% 2500–8000 per ml
Band neutrophils (immature or stab neutrophils) 0%–3% 0–400 per ml
Lymphocytes 20%–40 1000–4000 per ml
Monocytes 2%–8% 100–700 per ml
Eosinophils 1%–4% 50–500 per ml
Basophils (also called mast cells) 0.1%–1% 25–100 per ml
Red blood cell (RBC) count
Men 4.7–6.1 x 106 RBCs per microliter (mcL, μL) or 4.7–6.1 x 1012/liter (L) (2nd value is in SI units)
Women 4.2–5.4 x 106 RBCs/µL or 4.2–5.4 x 1012/L
Children 4.0–5.5 x 106 RBCs/µL or 4.6–4.8 x 1012/L
Newborn 4.8–7.1 x 106 RBCs/µL or 4.8–7.1 x 1012/L

Platelet (thrombocyte) count Mean platelet volume (MPV)

150,000–450,000 platelets per mm 3 or 150–450 x
Children
109/L (SI units) Children 7.4–10.4 μm3 or 7.4–10.4 fL
150,000–400,000 platelets per mm 3 or 150–400 x
Adults
109/L (SI units)
Adults 7.4–10.4 μm3 or 7.4–10.4 fL

Blood coagulation time

partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 60–70 seconds

activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 30–40 seconds

prothrombin time (PT) 11.0–12.5 seconds; 85%–100%

 Hematocrit (HCT)
Men 42%–52% or 0.42–0.52 volume fraction (SI units)
Women 37%–47% or 0.37–0.47 volume fraction
1st trimester: 35%–46%
2nd trimester: 30%–42%
Pregnant women
3rd trimester: 34%–44%
Postpartum: 30%–44%
Children 32%–44%
Newborns 44%–64%

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

in general, a normal hemoglobin level is about one-third the value of the hematocrit

Men 14–18 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 8.7–11.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (SI units)
Women 12–16 g/dL or 7.4–9.9 mmol/L
1st trimester: 11.4–15.0 g/dL or 7.1–9.3 mmol/L
2nd trimester: 10.0–14.3 g/dL or 6.2–8.9 mmol/L
Pregnant women
3rd trimester: 10.2–14.4 g/dL or 6.3–8.9 mmol/L
Postpartum: 10.4–18.0 g/dL or 6.4–9.3 mmol/L
Children 9.5–15.5 g/dL
Newborn 14–24 g/dL

Electrolytes and blood chemistry

BUN: blood urea nitrogen 7–20 mg/dL or 3.6–7.1mM (mmol/L)
Calcium 8.8–10.3 mg/dL
Calcium, ionized 2.2–2.6mM
Chloride 95–107mM
Magnesium 1.6–2.4mM
Phosphate 2.5–4.5 mg/dL or 1.0–1.4mM
Potassium 3.5–5.2mM
Sodium 135–147mM
Ferritin (ng/ml) 13–300
Folate (ng/dL) 3.6–20
Glucose, fasting (mg/dL) 60–110
Glucose (2 hours postprandial) (mg/dL) Up to 140
Hemoglobin A1c 6–8
Iron (mcg/dL, μg/dL) 65–150
Lactic acid (milliequivalents/liter, meq/L) 0.7–2.1
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), international units/liter: IU/L 56–194 IU/L
Osmolality 289–308 mOsm/kg
SGOT (AST) < 35 IU/L (20–48)
SGPT (ALT) <35 IU/L
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) 250–420 μ/dL
Transferrin > 200 mg/dL
Uric acid (male) 2.0–8.0 mg/dL
Uric acid (female) 2.0–7.5 mg/dL
 Creatinine kinase (CK) Thyroid Function tests
isoenzymes Serum Protein
Free T3 (>18 years of
CK-BB 0% 2.3–4.2 pg/ml
age) Total protein 6–8.5g/dL
CK-MB (cardiac) 0%–3.9% Total serum T3 (>20
80–200 ng/dL Albumin 3.2–5g/dL
CK-MM 96%–100% years of age)
creatine Free serum T4 0.5–2.1 ng/dL (10– Globulin 2.2–4.2g/dL
phosphokinase 8–150 IU/L (thyroxine) 23pmol/L) Albumin/Globulin 1.1–2.4
(CPK) Total serum T4 4.5–12.5 μg/dL (58– ratio (calculated)
0.5–1.4 or (thyroxine) 161nmol/L)
creatinine (mg/dL) <133mM 0.25–4.30
(mmol/L) TSH
microunits/ml

Blood Test Specimen Conventional Units SI Units

1-10
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] Plasma 16–65 pg/mL 40–160 pmol/L
11-deoxycortisol (compound S) Plasma <1 mg/dL <30 nmol/L
17-hydroxyprogesterone; men Plasma 0.06–3.0 mg/L 0.2–9.0 nmol/L
17-hydroxyprogesterone; women follicular phase Plasma 0.2–1.0 mg/L 0.6–3 nmol/L
17-hydroxyprogesterone; women luteal phase Plasma 0.5–3.5 mg/L 1.5–10.6 nmol/L
25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] Plasma 8–80 ng/mL 20–200 nmol/L
A
Acetoacetate Plasma <3 mg/dL <0.3 mmol/L
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 8am Plasma 9–52 pg/mL 7–27–27 pmol/L
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT)

kat = katal, the amount of enzyme which Serum 0–35 U/L 0–0.58 mkat/L
transforms 1 mole
of substrate per second
Albumin Serum 3.5–5.5 g/dL 35–55 g/L
Aldolase Serum <8.1 U/L <135 nkat/L
Aldosterone Urine 5–19 mg/dL 14–53 nmol/dL
Aldosterone, 8am, (patient supine, 100 mmol/L
Plasma <8 ng/dL <220 pmol/L
Na+ and 60–100 mmol/L K+intake)
Alpha fetoprotein (adult): α-fetoprotein Serum <30 ng/mL <30 mg/L
Alpha1 antitrypsin (α1-antitrypsin) Serum 85–213 mg/dL 0.8–2.1 g/L
Ammonia, as NH3 Serum 10–80 mg/dL 0–47 mmol/L
Amylase Serum 60–150 U/L 0.8–3.2 mkat/L
Androstenedione; men Plasma 0.8–1.3 ng/mL 3.0–5.0 nmol/L
Androstenedione; women Plasma 1–2 ng/mL 3.5–7.0 nmol/L
Angiotensin II, 8am Plasma 10–30 pg/mL 10–30 nmol/L
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Serum <40 U/L <670 nkat/L
Antinuclear antibody agglutination Serum <1:80 titer <1:80 titer
Arginine vasopressin (AVP), random fluid intake Plasma 1.5–6.0 ng/L 1.4–5.6 pmol/L
Arterial blood gas [HCO3–] Arterial Blood 21–30 meq/L 21–28 mmol/L
Arterial blood gas PCO2
Arterial Blood 35–45 mmHg 4.7–5.9 kPa
kiloPascal (kPa) is a pressure measurement
Arterial blood gas pH Arterial Blood 7.38–7.44
Arterial blood gas PO2 Arterial Blood 80–100 mmHg 11–13 kPa
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Serum 0.4–1.0 mg/dL 23–57 mmol/L
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) Serum 0–35 U/L 0–0.58 mkat/L
AVP (Arginine vasopressin), random fluid intake Plasma 1.5–6.0 ng/L 1.4–5.6 pmol/L
B
Bands Blood 0–4% 0–0.04
Basophils (BASO) Blood 0–2% 0–0.02
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: β-hydroxybutyrate Plasma <3 mg/dL <300 mmol/L
Bilirubin, Direct Serum 0.1–0.3 mg/dL 1.7–5.1 mmol/L
Bilirubin, Indirect Serum 0.2–0.7 mg/dL 3.4–12 mmol/L
Bilirubin, total Serum 0.3–1.0 mg/dL 5.1–17 mmol/L
Bleeding time (Simplate) Blood <7 min <7 min
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Serum 10–20 mg/dL 3.6–7.1 mmol/L
C top
Calcitonin Men Plasma <13.8 pg/mL <13.8 ng/L
Calcitonin Women Plasma <6.4 pg/mL <6.4 ng/L
Calcium Serum 9–10.5 mg/dL 2.25–2.62 mmol/L
Calcium, ionized Blood 4.5–5.6 mg/dL 1.1–1.4 mmol/L
Carbon dioxide content Serum 23–28 meq/L 23–28 mmol/L
Arterial blood
Carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) 35–45 mmHg 4.7–5.9 kPa
(sea level)
Carboxyhemoglobin non-smoker Blood 0–2.3% 0–0.023
Carboxyhemoglobin smoker Blood 2.1–4.2% 0.021–0.042
Carotene Serum 75–300 mg/dL 1.4–5.6 mmol/L
Carotenoids Serum 50–300 mg/dL 0.9–5.6 mmol/L
Ceruloplasmin Serum 27–37 ng/dL 270–370 mg/L
Chloride Serum 98–106 meq/L 98–106 mmol/L
Cholesterol (see Table in Lipoproteins page)
Chorionic gonadotropin, Beta-subunit (B-hCG),
Plasma <3 mIU/mL <3 IU/L
men and nonpregnant women
Copper Serum 70–155 mg/dL 11–24 mmol/L
Cortisol, am Plasma 5–25 mg/dL 140–690 nmol/L
Cortisol, pm Plasma 3–12 mg/dL 80–330 nmol/L
Cortisol Urinary Free Urine 10–50 mg/dL 25–140 nmol/dL
Creatine kinase-MB Serum < 3% of total <0.03 of total
Creatinine Serum <1.5 mg/dL <133 mmol/L
Creatinine kinase (CK); females Serum <190 U/L <3.17 mkat/L
Creatinine kinase (CK); males Serum <235 U/L <3.92 mkat/L
D top
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Plasma 2–9 ng/dL 7–31 nmol/L
Delta-aminolevulinic acid Serum <20 mg/dL <1.5 mmol/L
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) Plasma 2–9 ng/dL 7–31 nmol/L
DHEA sulfate Plasma 500–2500 mg/dL 1.3–6.8 mmol/L
E top
EOS (eosinophils) Blood 0–7% 0–0.07
Eosinophils (EOS) Blood 0–7% 0–0.07
Erythrocyte count Blood 4.15–4.90 × 106/mm3 4.15–4.90 × 1012/L
Erythropoietin Serum 5–36 U/L
Estradiol; men Plasma <50 pg/mL <180 pmol/L
Estradiol; women (higher at ovulation) Plasma 20–60 pg/mL 70–220 pmol/L
Ethanol Blood <0.005% <0.005%
Euglobulin lysis time Blood >2 h >2 h
F top
Fatty acids, free (nonesterified) Plasma <18 mg/dL 180 mg/L
Ferritin; men Serum 15–400 ng/mL 15–400 mg/L
Ferritin; women Serum 10–200 ng/mL 10–200 mg/L
Fibrinogen Plasma 150–400 mg/dL 1.5–4 g/L
Folate Serum 2.5–20 ng/mL >4.3 nmol/L
Folate, red cell Red blood cells 160–855 ng/mL >95 nmol/L
Folic acid Red cell 150–450 ng/mL cells 340–1020 nmol/L cells
Folic acid Serum 3–16 ng/mL cells 7–36 nmol/L cells
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); men Plasma 0.9–15 mIU/mL 0.9–15 IU/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
Plasma 34–96 mIU/mL 34–96 IU/L
postmenopausal women
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); women
Plasma 2.3–21 mIU/mL 2.3–21 IU/L
ovulatory surge
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); women
Plasma 1.4–9.6 mIU/mL 1.4–9.6 IU/L
mature, premenopausal, except at ovulation
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) Plasma 0.9–15 mIU/mL 0.9–15 IU/L
G top
Gastrin Serum 40–180 pg/mL 40–180 ng/L
Glucagon Plasma 50–100 pg/mL 50–100 ng/L
Glucose fasting (diabetes mellitus) Plasma >140 mg/dL >7.8 mmol/L
Glucose fasting (normal) Plasma 75–115 mg/dL 4.2–6.4 mmol/L
Glucose: 2 hour post prandial (impaired glucose
Plasma 140–200 mg/dL 7.8–11.1 mmol/L
tolerance)
Glucose: 2 hour post prandial (normal) Plasma <140 mg/dL <7.8 mmol/L
Glucose: 2 hour postprandial (diabetes mellitus) Plasma >200 mg/dL >11.1 mmol/L
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Blood 12.1 ± 2 IU/g Hb 0.78 ± 0.13 MU/mol Hb
Hb = hemoglobin
Growth hormone, after 100 g oral glucose Serum <2 ng/mL <2 mg/L
H top
Ham's test (acid serum) Blood Negative Negative
Haptoglobin (serum) Blood 50–220 mg/dL 0.5–2.2 g/L
HbF (Hemoglobin, fetal) Blood <2% <0.02
HCT; females (hematocrit) Blood 37–48% 0.37–0.48
HCT; males (Hematocrit) Blood 42–52% 0.42–0.52
Hematocrit (HCT); females Blood 37–48% 0.37–0.48
Hematocrit (HCT); males Blood 42–52% 0.42–0.52
Hemoglobin A1c Whole Blood 3.8–6.4% 0.038–0.064
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) Blood 1.5–3.5% 0.015–0.035
Hemoglobin; female Blood 12–16 g/dL 120–160 g/L
Hemoglobin; male Blood 14–18 g/dL 140–180 g/L
Hemoglobin; whole blood females Blood 12–16 g/dL 7.4–9.9 mmol/L
Hemoglobin; whole blood males Blood 13–18 g/dL 8.1–11.2 mmol/L
Hemoglobin; fetal (HbF) Blood <2% <0.02
I top
Serum or
Insulin, fasting 6–26 mU/mL 43–186 pmol/L
Plasma
Iron Serum 60–150 mcg/dL (μg/dL) 11–29 mmol/L
Iron Saturation Serum 20–45% 0.2–0.45
Iron-binding capacity Serum 250–370 mg/dL 45–66 mmol/L
L top
Lactate (Lactic acid) Plasma 6–16 mg/dL 0.67–1.8 mmol/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Serum 100–190 U/L 1.7–3.2 mkat/L
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 1
Serum 14–26% 0.14–0.25
(of total)
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 2
Serum 29–39% 0.29–0.39
(of total)
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 3
Serum 20–26% 0.20–0.25
(of total)
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 4
Serum 8–16% 0.08–0.16
(of total)
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 5
Serum 6–16% 0.06–0.16
(of total)
LAP (leukocyte alkaline phosphatase) Blood 13–100 m/L 0.2–1.6 mkat/L
LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) Serum 100–190 U/L 1.7–3.2 mkat/L
Lead Serum <40 mg/dL <1.9 mmol/L
Leukocyte Alkaline phosphatase (LAP) Blood 13–100 m/L 0.2–1.6 mkat/L
Leukocyte Count (WBC, white blood cell count) Blood 4.3–10.8 × 103/mm3 4.3–10.8 × 109/L
Lipase Serum 0–160 U/L 0–2.66 mkat/L
Lipoprotein (a) Serum 0–3 mg/dL 0–300 mg/L
Lutenizing hormone; men Serum 1.3–13 mIU/mL 1.3–13 IU/L
Lutenizing hormone; women mature,
Serum 0.8–26 mIU/mL 0.8–26 IU/L
premenopausal, except at ovulation
Lutenizing hormone; women ovulatory surge Serum 25–57 mIU/mL 25–57 IU/L
Lutenizing hormone; women postmenopausal Serum 40–104 mIU/mL 40–104 IU/L
Lymphocytes (Lymphs) Blood 16–45% 0.16–0.45
Lymphs (lymphocyes) Blood 16–45% 0.16–0.45
M top
Magnesium Serum 1.8–3 mg/dL 0.8–1.2 mmol/L
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) Blood 28–33 pg/cell 28–33 pg/cell
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Blood 32–36 g/dL 320–360 g/L
concentration)
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) Blood 86–98 mm3 86–98 fl
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Blood 28–33 pg/cell 28–33 pg/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Blood 32–36 g/dL 320–360 g/L
(MCHC)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Blood 86–98 mm3 86–98 fl
Mono (monocytes) Blood 4–10% 0.04–0.10
Monocytes (Mono) Blood 4–10% 0.04–0.10
Myoglobin Serum <55 ng/L <55 mg/L
N top
Neutrophils (Poly, PMN) Blood 45–74% 0.45–0.74
O top
285–295 mosmol/kg serum 285–295 mmol/kg serum
Osmolality Plasma
water water
Oxygen percent saturation (sea level) B, arterial 97% 0.97 mol/mol
Oxygen tension (PO2) Blood 80–100 mmHg 11–13 kPa
P top
Parathyroid hormone Serum 10–60 pg/mL 10–60 ng/L
Parathyroid hormone-related protein Plasma <1.3 pmol/L <1.3 pmol/L
pH Arterial Blood 7.38–7.44 7.38–7.44
Phosphatase, acid Serum 0–5.5 U/L 0.90 nkat/L
Phosphatase, alkaline Serum 30–120 U/L 0.5–2.0 nkat/L
Phosphorus, inorganic Serum 3–4.5 mg/dL 1.0–1.4 mmol/L
Platelets Blood 130,000–400,000/mm3 130–400 × 109/L
PMN (neutrophils, Poly) Blood 45–74% 0.45–0.74
Poly (neutrophils, PMN) Blood 45–74% 0.45–0.74
Potassium Serum 3.5–5.0 meq/L 3.5–5.0 mmol/L
Progesterone; men, prepubertal girls,
Plasma <2 ng/mL <6 nmol/L
preovulatory women, postmenopausal women
Progesterone; women, luteal, peak Plasma 2–20 ng/mL 6–60 nmol/L
Prolactin Serum 2–15 ng/mL 2–15 mg/L
Prostate specific antigen >40 years Serum 0.0–4.0 ng/mL 0.0–4.0 mg/L
Prostate specific antigen; male <40 years Serum 0.0–2.0 ng/mL 0.0–2.0 mg/L
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA); female Serum <0.5 ng/mL <0.5 mg/L
Protein, total Serum 5.5–8.0 g/dL 55–80 g/L
16–36 mg/dL of red blood 0.28–0.64 mmol/L of red
Protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte (FEP) Blood
cells blood cells
>0.25 associated with
PSA, free, in males 45–75 years, with PSA >25% associated with benign
Serum benign prostatic hyperplasia
values between 4 and 20 mg/mL prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
(BPH)
Pyruvate Plasma 0.5–1.5 mg/dL 60–170 mmol/L
R top
RDW (Red cell distribution width) Blood 13–15% 0.13–0.15
Red cell distribution width (RDW) Blood 13–15% 0.13–0.15
Reverse T3 (rT3) Serum 2.6–18.9 ng/dL 0.04–0.29 nmol/L
Rheumatoid factor Serum <40 IU/mL <40 kIU/L
rT3 (Reverse T3) Serum 2.6–18.9 ng/dL 0.04–0.29 nmol/L
S top
Sodium Serum 136–145 meq/L 136–145 mmol/L
Sucrose hemolysis Blood Negative Negative
T top
T3 (Free) Serum 230–420 pg/dL 3.5–6.5 pmol/L
T3 (Total) Serum 60–181 ng.dL 0.9–2.8 nmol/L
Testosterone; men Plasma 3–10 ng/mL 10–35 nmol/L
Testosterone; women Plasma <1 ng/mL <3.5 nmol/L
Thyroglobulin Serum 0–60 ng/mL 0–60 mg/L
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Serum 0.4–5.0 mU/mL 0.4–5.0 mU/L
Thyroxine (T4) Serum 5–12 mg/dL 64–154 nmol/L
Transferrin Serum 230–390 mg/dL 2.3–3.9 g/L
Triglycerides Serum <160 mg/dL <1.8 mmol/L
Troponin I Serum 0–0.4 ng/mL 0–0.4 mg/L
Troponin T Serum 0–0.1 ng/mL 0–0.1 mg/L
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) Serum 0.4–5.0 mU/mL 0.4–5.0 mU/L
U top
Uric acid; men Serum 2.5–8.0 mg/dL 150–480 mmol/L
Uric acid; women Serum 1.5–6.0 mg/dL 90–360 mmol/L
V top
Vitamin A Serum 20–100 mg/dL 0.7–3.5 mmol/L
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Serum 0–2 mg/dL 0–75 nmol/L
Vitamin B12 Serum 200–600 pg/mL 148–443 pmol/L
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Serum 4–24 mg/dL 106–638 nmol/L
Vitamin B6 Plasma 5–30 ng/ml 20–121 nmol/L
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Serum 0.4–1.0 mg/dL 23–57 mmol/L
Vitamin D3: 1,25-dihydroxy Serum 25–45 pg/mL 60–108 pmol/L
Vitamin D3: 25-hydroxy; winter Plasma 14–42 ng/mL 34.9–105 nmol/L
Vitamin D3: 25-hydroxy; summer Plasma 15–80 ng/mL 37.4–200 nmol/L
Vitamin E Serum 5–18 mg/mL 12–42 mmol/L
W
von Willebrand's antigen Blood 60–150% 60–150%
WBC (leukocyte count, white blood cell count) Blood 4.3–10.8 × 103/mm3 4.3–10.8 × 109/L
Westergren Sed Rate; females < 50 y/o Blood 0–20 mm/h 0–20 mm/h
Westergren Sed Rate; females > 50 y/o Blood 0–30 mm/h 0–30 mm/h
Westergren Sed Rate; males < 50 y/o Blood 0–15 mm/h 0–15 mm/h
Westergren Sed Rate; males >50 y/o Blood 0–20 mm/h 0–20 mm/h
White blood cell count (leukocyte count, WBC) Blood 4.3–10.8 × 103/mm3 4.3–10.8 × 109/L
Zinc Serum 75–120 mg/dL 11.5–18.5 mmol/L