SOLUBILITY RULES:

Solids (Precipitates)
COMPOUND CONTAINS: GENERAL SOLUBILITY: EXCEPTIONS: EXAMPLES:
Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+ Always Soluble None NaBr, K2SO4, (NH4)2CO3 are
soluble
NO3-, C2H3O2- Always Soluble None Ba(NO3)2, Pb(C2H3O2)2 are
(Nitrates and Acetates) soluble
Cl-, Br-, I- (halides) Mostly Soluble Pb(II), Ag, Hg(I), Hg(II) CaBr2, FeCl3 are soluble,
PbBr2, AgCl are insoluble
SO4-2 Mostly Soluble Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb(II), Ag, Hg(I) Li2SO4, ZnSO4 are soluble,
(Sulfates) CaSO4, PbSO4 are insoluble

CO3-2, PO4-3 Mostly Insoluble Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+ (see rule Na2CO3, K3PO4 are soluble,
(Carbonates and Phosphates) #1) CaCO3, AlPO4 are insoluble
OH- Mostly Insoluble Li+, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Li+, Sr+2, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 are soluble
(Hydroxides) Ba+2 Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2 are
insoluble
S-2 Mostly Insoluble Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca+2 Na2S, CaS are soluble,
(Sulfides) PbS, MgS are insoluble

Gases
COMPOUND CONTAINS: PLUS: PRODUCES: EXAMPLES:
CO3-2 any acid H2O(l) + CO2(g) + a salt CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) →
(Aqueous or Solid) (H2CO3 is the intermediate) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq)
HCO3- any acid H2O(l) + CO2(g) + a salt NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) →
(Aqueous or Solid) (H2CO3 is the intermediate) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq)
S-2 any acid H2S(g) + a salt CaS(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) →
(Aqueous or Solid) H2S(g) + CaCl2(aq)