Internal Medicine: Lecture 1 - Intro Cardiovascular

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Internal Medicine

Lecture 1 – Intro cardiovascular


Most important symptoms
1) chest pain, discomfort
2) dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, wheezing
3) palpitations, dizziness, syncope
4) cough, hemoptysis
5) fatigue, weakness
6) pain in extremities with exertion (claudication)

Life threatening
1) Acute myocardial infarction
2) Unstable angina
3) Aortic dissection
4) Pulmonary edema
5) Pulmonary embolism

New York Functional classification


Stage 1 – Have cardiac disease but no limitation of physical activity
Stage 2 – Slight limitation on physical activity (comfortable at rest)
Stage 3 – Marked limitation on physical activity ( comfortable at rest)
Stage 4 – All physical activity causes discomfort (maybe even at rest)

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