 Question 1. What Is Active Directory?

Answer :

Active directory authorizes and authenticates all users and computers in a window domain
network, ensuring the security of the computer and software. Through active directory various
functions can be managed like creating admin users, connecting to printers or external hard
drives.

 Question 2. What Is Dhcp And What It Is Used For?

Answer :

DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a
large number of the computer system in a network. It helps in managing the large number of IP’s
very easily.

 Question 3. What Is Scope And Super Scope?

Answer :

Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP, subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to
communicate with the other PCs in the network. The superscope becomes when you combine
two or more scopes together.

 Question 4. What Is Dns?

Answer :

DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for resolving IP addresses to name and names
to IP address. DNS is like a translator for computers, computers understand the number and not
the alphabet. For example, if we type like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so
they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers) and then executes the command.

 Question 5. What Is Forward And Reverse Lookup In Dns?

Answer :

When we convert IP address into names is called Reverse lookup, while converting names into
IP address is called Forward lookup.

 Question 6. What Is ‘a’ Record And What Is ‘mx Record’?

Answer :
‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has ability to map the IP address by name. It is
with this record that DNS can find out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known
as mail exchanger record, by the help of ‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is
identified. The record is also found in DNS.

 Question 7. What Is Ipconfig Command?

Answer :

IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information of the computer assigned like DNS IP
address and gateway IP address.

 Question 8. What Would You Use To Connect Two Computers Without Using Switches?

Answer :

Cross cables are used to connect two computers without using switches.

 Question 9. What Is A Domain?

Answer :

Domain is a set of computers which network recognized by the internet. It can be used by
centrally administer computers. It is created when you install active directory.

 Question 10. Tell Me If Your System Is Infected By A Virus How You Will Recover The
Data?

Answer :

You need to re-install another system, latest anti-virus software and an O.S with latest
patches. Before you start your system, connect the infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan
and clean the infected hard drive. Once done, you can copy the files into the system.

 Question 11. What Is The Operating System?

Answer :

Operating system acts as an interpreter between computer application and hardware. It works as
an user interface.

 Question 12. What Are The Types Of Operating System Or O.s?

Answer :

The two types of operating systems are:

NOS : Network Operating System. Examples of NOS- Windows NT, 2000,2003

SOS : Simple Operating System. Examples of SOS – Windows 95,98, ME

 Question 13. Explain About Ras Server?

Answer :

RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that typically
resides on a network or IT devices through combination of hardware and software, for example
connecting to printer or file.

It is usually used for mobile users who are in the network. It uses telephone line to provide
connectivity to its users. It can also connect two or more than two offices in the network.

 Question 14. Explain About Vpn Server?

Answer :

VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private communications network often used by
companies or organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network. This is used
by the mobile users in the network.

 Question 15. What Is The Difference Between Ras And Vpn Server?

Answer :

RAS is truly a local area connection between two connections whereas, VPN is a local
connection spread over large area.

 Question 16. What Is Ias Server?

Answer :

IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many types of network access like wireless,
authenticating switch and remote access dial-up they perform accounting and auditing,
centralized connection authentication and authorization.

 Question 17. A User In A Corporate Network Contacts Service Desk Saying He/she Has
Lost Network Connectivity: How Will You Troubleshoot The Issue? What Are The Steps
To Followed?

Answer :

1. Check the cable if it is connected to the workstation/ notebook and if it is receiving signal
from the switch.
2. Check using the command "ipconfig" to confirm the IP range that the user's machine is in if it
is using APIPA address, This will mean the machine can not reach the DHCP server and if the
user has an assigned static address try pinging the gateway, DNS,Proxy Server or one of the
Domain Controllers.
3. If all pinged replies successfully check to see the proxy settings through Lan Settings on your
Browser.
4. Depending on the structure of your corporate network you might need to check the mac
address (of the user's workstation) on the cisco switches (if used) to find out which VLan is it in
and move it to the correct VLan.

 Question 18. What Do You Mean By Clustering? What Are The Benefits?

Answer :

When one or more computers work together as a single system by sharing their resources is
known as clustering.

The benefits of clustering are that it reduces the load on one single system by sharing the load
also it is used for redundancy of the services.

 Question 19. What Is A Group?

Answer :

Group is a collection of the user account. It provides the simplified administration in the
network.

 Question 20. What Is A Child Domain?

Answer :

A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000 Active Directory.

 Question 21. What Are The Benefits Of A Child Domain?

Answer :

Benefits of child domain are:

1. Low network traffic

2. Low administrative overhead
3. Security boundary

 Question 22. What Is Ou?

Answer :
OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container within Active Directory which can hold
users, groups and computers. It is the smallest unit on which administrator can assign group
policy settings.

 Question 23. Explain Group Policy?

Answer :

Group policy provides the stream line access to all the users in the network, it can be used to
define the users security and networking policies. By group policy you can keep control over
certain function like not allowing the users to shut down the system or using the control panel or
running the command. Group policy is applicable on active directory container like OU, site and
Domain.

 Question 24. What Is The Difference Between Permission, Rights And Policy?

Answer :

“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to
users and groups, whereas, the “Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders
and printers.

 Question 25. What Is Dc And Adc Stands For?

Answer :

DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for additional domain controller.

ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain controller is a server that checks the security
measures like user id, password.

 Question 26. What Is The Difference Between Dc (domain Controller) And Adc (
Additional Domain Controller)?

Answer :

There is one difference between domain controller and additional domain controller, on DC all
five operational roles are available while in ADC only three operational role is available.

 Question 27. What Are The Operational Roles For Dc (domain Controller) And Adc (
Additional Domain Controller)?

Answer :

Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:

  Domain Naming Master
 Schema Master
 RID Master
 PDC Emulator
 Infrastructure Master

Operational roles for ADC (Additional Domain Controller) are:

 PDC Emulator
 RID Master
 Infrastructure Master

 Question 28. What Is A “default Gateway”?

Answer :

Default gateway is the IP address of the router in the network. In any case, if the users wants to
switch on to another network, or if they cannot locate their particular network than their query
will be forwarded to default gateway.

 Question 29. How You Can Take Backup Of Emails In Ms Outlook?

Answer :

To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go in control panel. In control panel you have
to go under mail option and then open the data file, select personal folder and click on open
folder. After that, you have to copy .pst and have to paste it wherever you want the backup.

 Question 30. What Is Trusting Domain And Trusted Domain?

Answer :

In trusting domain resources are available, while in trusted domain user’s account is available.

 Question 31. What Is Bus Speed?

Answer :

The rate of communication speed between microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.

 Question 32. Name The Active Directory Partitions?

Answer :

There are three types of active directory partitions

 1. Schema partition
2. Configuration partition
3. Domain partition

 Question 33. What Is Fixboot?

Answer :

Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the system partition.

 Question 34. How Many Logical Drive Is It Possible To Fit On To A Physical Disk?

Answer :

The maximum number of the logical drive that can fit on a physical disk is 24, while the
extended partition can only have 23 logical drives.

 Question 35. What Is B Router?

Answer :

B router means Bridge router. To provide communication between two or more different
network like computer to computer or computer to internet, B Router is used.

 Question 36. What Is The Major Difference You Can Mention About Gateway And
Router?

Answer :

Gateway works on different network architecture and router works on same network
architecture.

 Question 37. What Is Packet?

Answer :

A packet is a logical grouping of information that comprises a header which contains user data
and location information.

 Question 38. What Is Scsi?

Answer :

SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is a standard electronic interface that
allows personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape
drives, printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the rate of data transmission is fast.
 Question 39. How Many Classes Are There For “ip Addresses” And What Are The
Ranges?

Answer :

They are segregated into five classes

1. Class A ==== 0 -126 ( 127 is reserved for loop back)

2. Class B ==== 128- 191
3. Class C ==== 192-223
4. Class D ==== 224-239
5. Class E ==== 240-255

 Question 40. Explain The Term Fixmbr?

Answer :

FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.

 Question 41. Explain The Term Sid?

Answer :

SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object has a unique ID which is known as
SID.

 Question 42. What Is The Difference Between Incremental Backup And Differential
Backup?

Answer :

Differential backups will select only files that are changed since the last backup.

Incremental backups will select only the data that has changed since the last backup.

Example, On Sunday you do a backup of a 5 text file each of 40 MB. Total backup size will be
200MB

On Monday you change 2 lines in just ONE of the text file.

Under Differential backup, only the changed text file will be backed up. Total backup size will
be 40MB

Under Incremental backup, only the data corresponding to the 2 lines will be backed up. Total
backup size will be just in bytes.
 Question 43. What Is The Difference Between Server Os And Desktop Os?

Answer :

Server OS gives centralized administration for users, shared resources and security while desktop
OS gives access to only local administration.

 Question 44. What Is The Difference Between The Msi File And .exe File?

Answer :

MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall and repair the program with a single file, while
.EXE file needs two files to install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the
existing version of the software and give option to user to uninstall the program while MSI will
instruct the users to use the add and remove program in control panel to remove the existing
product first and then you can install the new program.

 Question 45. What Is Bsod? How Do You Troubleshoot It?

Answer :

BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is some fault in OS or hardware then
Windows can’t run the program and gives a blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the
best way is to reboot the system. If it doesn’t work than boot the system in the safe mode.

 Question 46. What Is Ptr (program Troube Record) Record?

Answer :

This program record is used to check if the server name is connected with the IP address, it is
exactly opposite to the ‘A’ record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is
also known as Reverse DNS records or pointer record.

PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give you the name

‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you the IP address

 Question 47. What Is Reservation?

Answer :

Basically the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP server. Some network equipment or computer
system needs a specific IP address, in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that
particular computer system. By creating reservation it gives access to that particular IP address
and at the same time prevents other computer system to use that IP address.
 Question 48. What Is Smtp Server Or Pop Server?

Answer :

SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It is basically used for sending and receiving the
mail, whereas, POP stands for post office protocol it is used for mail receiving purpose in the
network.

 Question 49. What Is Ris And Why You Use Ris?

Answer :

RIS stands for remote installation services. It is used to install image from a Window server to a
new hardware. We use RIS because installing OS every time using a CD would be more time
consuming.

 Question 50. What Is “bootloader”?

Answer :

Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating system on the system. It enables the booting
process and gives OS option to the users while starting the system.

 Question 51. What Is Blue Screen? What Would You Do If Your Pc Turns Into Blue
Screen?

Answer :

major problem is RAM first check with ram then go to safe mode scan your PC by using
antivirus at the same time update drivers it should be mother board supported drivers or else use
recommended software.

 Question 52. How To Hard Disk Dynamic?

Answer :

goto run then type diskmgmt.msc after that you need to select hardisk then right click on it now
you can convert it into basic disk to dynamic disk.

note: you should be login with administrator account.

 Question 53. Explain How To Write A System Service File In Windows?

Answer :
With Windows File Protection active, replacing or deleting a system file that has no file lock to
prevent it getting overwritten causes Windows immediately and silently to restore the original
copy of the file. The original version of the file is restored from a cached folder which contains
backup copies of these files.

 Question 54. What Is The Technical Difference Between Desktop Support & Help Desk?

Answer :

The difference between desktop support and helpdesk are the following:

1. Desktop support is the one doing the troubleshooting on hand.

2. Helpdesk support is the one receiving the call and troubleshoot it remotely.

 Question 55. How To Make Desktop Icons Appear Larger?

Answer :

Right click on desktop. Go to properties and then click on appearance tab. Then further click on
effects tab. A window will open. Select the use large option. Then click on apply OK. Thats it.

 Question 56. What Is Tft?

Answer :

TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display) is a variant of Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) which uses Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) technology to improve image quality.

TFT LCD is one type of active matrix LCD, though it is usually synonymous with LCD. It is
used in both flat panel displays and projectors. In computing, TFT monitors are rapidly
displacing competing CRT technology, and are commonly available in sizes from 12 to 30
inches.

 Question 57. What Is Lcd?

Answer :

A liquid crystal display (commonly abbreviated LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of
any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector.

It is prized by engineers because it uses very small amounts of electric power, and is therefore
suitable for use in battery-powered electronic devices.

 Question 58. What Is The Ip Range In Networking Side? How Do We Troubleshoot

Outlook? How Do We Configure Ldap On Outlook?
Answer :

I am hoping I am submitting the correct answer. IP range in networking side is related to DHCP
and Address pools. Ex: 192.168.0.10 to 192.168.0.200 -> Can be defined as address range
allowed to distribute and 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.9 are restricted to distribute to client
computers.

LDAP on outlook can be configured through Tools menu->Account settings-Address books-

Select new address book->Select LDAP address book->in next window add server details.

 Question 59. How To Make The Desktop Icons Smaller Or Lager?

Answer :

This is very simple on you main desktop just right click the mouse button in a blank space, then
scroll down and click properties. You are at the display settings menu on the top bar you will see
a tab that reads appearance, click on this tab.

Once you are at the appearance tab click the advanced button (it should be in the lower right
corner) once you are at the advanced window, you will see a scroll down menu that has desktop
displayed, click on this and scroll down to icons, now simply raise the font of the icon size and
the icons will become larger, to raise the font of the text there is a bar underneath that, it will list
the format the text is displayed in, to the right of that will be the size, you can also bold the text
with the bold button on the right side of this bar.

 Question 60. If You Have Client In A Different Location And Want To Access That
Client From Server, What Is The Best Way To Access That Client From Server?

Answer :

if systems are on different servers then When we will us MSTSC (Remote Desktop Connection)
to access system in different location then from the client system we will Remote Access to the
Server and from Server we will Remotely Access the other location's Server and from that server
we will access the clients of that location.

Its the most reliable way. And if you have Internet access in network then you can use third party
Remote Access Applications like TeamViewer. IN TeamViewer you can access any system
directly through internet.

 Question 61. How Will You Install Operating System In More Than 50 Pc At A Time
When The All Pcs Having Same Configuration?

Answer :

First I install OS in one machine & default software if required than i will create one Ghost
Image of that machine than I will make 49 copies of that Ghost Image DVD & run on all ramain
PC, but for this you should be have ghost software & knowledge of ghost( how to make Ghost
bootable DVD/CD & how to use that ) this is a 1 solution another is given below -

Installing over Network:

Here You have to build one distribution server & copy OS's i386 on Distribution Server & install
the network client - this software allows the target computer to connect to distribution server .

The setup programmed copies installation files to target computer & creates set up boot disk.
After setup copy installation files you start the installation from set up boot disk.

 Question 62. How To Install A Pre Existing Printer On A Users Desktop?

Answer :

Go to control panel and then go to add hardware wizard After that read all the options carefully.
When system requires software for that, insert the software CD otherwise system will install
automatically. Restart the system.

 Question 63. How To Go Straight To Your Desktop When You Reboot Rather Than
Having To Login Every Time You Reboot Or Turn On Your Computer On?

Answer :

First you right click on computer and then click on manage. at that time a window appear. Then
go to local users and groups. Then the total users will appear. Then right click on user name what
u r enter to in. click set password. Just click ok. Next time on words you will be taken directly to
desktop without enter password.

 Question 64. How To Tell If The Print Spool In Running And Where Is It Located?
Where Does It Store Spooled Print Jobs?

Answer :

Print spooler is very important service in windows to use printer to print document on local
printer or on network printer if this service stop by any reason printer not working on that pc so
need to be start that service if print show print fails message .

And also if u r share any printer on win xp machine and trying to install it on another win7 pc
many times it stop working while installing printer in shared network.

 Question 65. What Is Firewire Port? What Are Its Uses?

Answer :
Firewire port is a form of Serial Port that make use of FireWire Technology to transfer data
rapidly from one electronic device to another.

FireWire port has the ability to interact with a number of different devices. For example
FireWire can provide an ideal way to connect a scanner with computer system. Because transfer
rate in FireWire port can reach up to 400Mbps, the data transfer is relatively fast and also result
in excellent quality.

1) What is active directory?

Active directory authorizes and authenticates all users and computers in a window domain
network, ensuring the security of the computer and software. Through active directory various
functions can be managed like creating admin users, connecting to printers or external hard
drives.

2) What is DHCP and what it is used for?

DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a
large number of the computer system in a network. It helps in managing the large number of
IP’s very easily.

3) What is scope and super scope?

Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP, subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to
communicate with the other PCs in the network. The superscope becomes when you combine
two or more scopes together.

4) What is DNS?

DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for resolving IP addresses to name and names
to IP address. DNS is like a translator for computers, computers understand the number and not
the alphabet. For example, if we type like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so
they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers) and then executes the command.

5) What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?

When we convert IP address into names is called Reverse lookup, while converting names into
IP address is called Forward lookup.
Desktop Support

6) What is ‘A’ record and what is ‘MX record’?

‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has ability to map the IP address by name. It is
with this record that DNS can find out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known
as mail exchanger record, by the help of ‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is
identified. The record is also found in DNS.

7) What is IPCONFIG command?

IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information of the computer assigned like DNS IP
address and gateway IP address.

8) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches?

Cross cables are used to connect two computers without using switches.

9) What is a domain?

Domain is a set of computers which network recognizes by the internet. It can be used by
centrally administer computers. It is created when you install active directory.

10) Tell me if your system is infected by a virus how you will recover the data?
You need to re-install another system, latest anti-virus software and an O.S with latest
patches. Before you start your system, connect the infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan
and clean the infected hard drive. Once done, you can copy the files into the system.

11) What is the operating system?

Operating system acts as an interpreter between computer application and hardware. It works as
an user interface.

12) What are the types of operating system or O.S?

The two types of operating systems are:

 NOS : Network Operating System. Examples of NOS- Windows NT, 2000,2003

 SOS : Simple Operating System. Examples of SOS – Windows 95,98, ME

13) Explain about RAS server?

RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that typically
resides on a network or IT devices through combination of hardware and software, for example
connecting to printer or file. It is usually used for mobile users who are in the network. It uses
telephone line to provide connectivity to its users. It can also connect two or more than two
offices in the network.

14) Explain about VPN server?

VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private communications network often used by
companies or organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network. This is used
by the mobile users in the network.

15) What is the difference between RAS and VPN server?

RAS is truly a local area connection between two connections whereas, VPN is a local
connection spread over large area.

16) What is IAS server?

IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many types of network access like wireless,
authenticating switch and remote access dial-up they perform accounting and auditing,
centralized connection authentication and authorization.

17) What is Ping command?

Between two or more devices, to check the physical IP connectivity Ping command is used.

18) What do you mean by clustering? What are the benefits?

When one or more computers work together as a single system by sharing their resources is
known as clustering. The benefits of clustering are that it reduces the load on one single system
by sharing the load also it is used for redundancy of the services.

19) What is a group?

Group is a collection of the user account. It provides the simplified administration in the
network.

20) What is a child domain?

A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000 Active Directory.

21) What are the benefits of a child domain?

Benefits of child domain are:

 Low network traffic

 Low administrative overhead
 Security boundary

22) What is OU?

OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container within Active Directory which can hold
users, groups and computers. It is the smallest unit on which administrator can assign group
policy settings.

23) Explain group policy?

Group policy provides the stream line access to all the users in the network, it can be used to
define the users security and networking policies. By group policy you can keep control over
certain function like not allowing the users to shut down the system or using the control panel or
running the command. Group policy is applicable on active directory container like OU, site and
Domain.

24) What is the difference between permission, rights and policy?

“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to
users and groups, whereas, the “Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders
and printers.

25) What is DC and ADC stands for?

DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for additional domain controller.

ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain controller is a server that checks the
security measures like user id, password.

26) What is the difference between DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain
Controller)?

There is one difference between domain controller and additional domain controller, on DC all
five operational roles are available while in ADC only three operational role is available.

27) What are the operational roles for DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional
Domain Controller)?

Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:

 Domain Naming Master

 Schema Master
 RID Master
 PDC Emulator
 Infrastructure Master

Operational roles for ADC (Additional Domain Controller) are:

 PDC Emulator
 RID Master
 Infrastructure Master

28) What is a “Default Gateway”?

Default gateway is the IP address of the router in the network. In any case, if the users wants to
switch on to another network, or if they cannot locate their particular network than their query
will be forwarded to default gateway.

29) How you can take backup of emails in ms outlook?

To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go in control panel. In control panel you have
to go under mail option and then open the data file, select personal folder and click on open
folder. After that, you have to copy .pst and have to paste it wherever you want the backup.

30) What is trusting domain and trusted domain?

In trusting domain resources are available, while in trusted domain user’s account is available.

31) What is BUS speed?

The rate of communication speed between microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.

32) Name the Active Directory Partitions?

There are three types of active directory partitions

 Schema partition
 Configuration partition
 Domain partition

33) What is Fixboot?

Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the system partition.

34) How many logical drive is it possible to fit on to a physical disk?

The maximum number of the logical drive that can fit on a physical disk is 24, while the
extended partition can only have 23 logical drives.

35) What is B Router?

B router means Bridge router. To provide communication between two or more different
network like computer to computer or computer to internet, B Router is used.

36) What is the major difference you can mention about Gateway and Router?

Gateway works on different network architecture and router works on same network
architecture.

37) What is packet?

A packet is a logical grouping of information that comprises a header which contains user data
and location information.

38) What is SCSI?

SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is a standard electronic interface that
allows personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape
drives, printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the rate of data transmission is fast.

39) How many classes are there for “IP addresses” and what are the ranges?

They are segregated into five classes

1. Class A === 0 -126 ( 127 is reserved for loop back)

2. Class B ==== 128- 191
 3. Class C ==== 192-223
4. Class D ==== 224-239
5. Class E ==== 240-255

40) Explain the term FIXMBR?

FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.

41) Explain the term SID?

SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object has a unique ID which is known as
SID.

42) What is the difference between incremental backup and differential backup?

Differential backups will select only files that are changed since the last backup.

Incremental backups will select only the data that has changed since the last backup.

Example, On Sunday you do a backup of a 5 text file each of 40 MB. Total backup size will be
200MB

On Monday you change 2 lines in just ONE of the text file.

Under Differential backup, only the changed text file will be backed up. Total backup size will
be 40MB

Under Incremental backup, only the data corresponding to the 2 lines will be backed up. Total
backup size will be just in bytes.

43) What is the difference between server OS and desktop OS?

Server OS gives centralized administration for users, shared resources and security while desktop
OS gives access to only local administration.

44) What is the difference between the MSI file and .EXE file?

MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall and repair the program with a single file, while
.EXE file needs two files to install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the
existing version of the software and give option to user to uninstall the program while MSI will
instruct the users to use the add and remove program in control panel to remove the existing
product first and then you can install the new program.

45) What is BSOD? How do you troubleshoot it?

BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is some fault in OS or hardware then
Windows can’t run the program and gives a blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the
best way is to reboot the system. If it doesn’t work than boot the system in the safe mode.

46) What is PTR (Program Troube Record) record?

This program record is used to check if the server name is connected with the IP address, it is
exactly opposite to the ‘A’ record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is
also known as Reverse DNS records or pointer record.

PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give you the name

‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you the IP address

47) What is reservation?

Basically, the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP server. Some network equipment or computer
system needs a specific IP address, in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that
particular computer system. By creating reservation it gives access to that particular IP address
and at the same time prevents other computer system to use that IP address.

48) What is SMTP server or POP server?

POP stands for post office protocol. It is basically used for sending and receiving the mail.

SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It is used for mail receiving purpose in the
network.

49) What is RIS and why you use RIS?

RIS stands for remote installation services. It is used to install image from a Window server to a
new hardware. We use RIS because installing OS every time using a CD would be more time-
consuming.

50) What is “Bootloader”?

Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating system on the system. It enables the booting
process and gives OS option to the users while starting the system.