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An Iterative Finite Difference Scheme For Buckling of Graphene Beam Subject To Axial Compressive Load
An Iterative Finite Difference Scheme For Buckling of Graphene Beam Subject To Axial Compressive Load
An Iterative Finite Difference Scheme For Buckling of Graphene Beam Subject To Axial Compressive Load
Graphene material has unique properties for poten- 2. SIMPLY SUPPORTED ELASTIC
tial applications in engineering, industry, and biomed-
ical fields [1-6]. Experiments on a single, of atomic
BEAM
thickness, graphene layer showed that graphene is the
Figure 1 shows a simply supported elastic beam
strongest, stiffest, and toughest material [7]. One of its
with length L and an axial compressive load P. If I and
properties is the nonlinear stress strain relation which
E are the moment of inertia and Young’e modulus of
leads to different buckling or failure behavior when ma-
the beam’s material, the equilibrium differential equa-
terials or products made of graphene are under loading
tion can be written as
conditions. Thus, research focus on quantitatively pre-
dicting geometrical and mechanical properties of prod-
ucts made from graphene, and more importantly pre- EIv′′′′ + Pv′′ = 0 (1.a)
dicting failure of such materials, is required. 0<x<L (1.b)
Modeling the mechanical properties of graphene
was emphasized in the literature [2-12]. One of these where v is the deflection at a distance x measured along
models is deformable tension-shear model (DTS) de- the longitudinal axis of the beam. We notice that at the
veloped by Yilun Liu et al to express the mechani- two boundary points both the deflection and the bending
cal properties of graphene papers [6]. Sound model moment vanish. Thus,
should represent the microstructue of graphene and
matches the experimental data. Then, the problem of
∗1 Professor,
v(0) = v′′ (0) = 0, v(L) = v′′ (L) = 0 (1.c)
Texas A & M University-Qatar
mohamed.elgindi@qatar.tamu.edu
†2 Professor, University of New Orleans dwei@uno.edu Integrating (1.a) twice and using the boundary condi-
‡3 Associate Post Doctor, Texas A & M University at Qata, tions yields,
mohammed.ghazy@qatar.tamu.edu
§3 Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering Mathematics
P
and Physics, Alexandria University, Egypt. v′′ + λ0 v = 0, λ0 = . (2)
EI
Figure 1. Simply Supported Elastic Beam un- w′′ − α (|w′′ |w′′ ) + λ w = 0 (7.a)
der Compressive Axial Load
80
Substituting (12), (13.a), and (13.b) into (8) one obtains
a two terms perturbation solution
4. Numerical Solution
wi+1 − 2wi + wi−1 [2] Yanwu Zhu, Shanthi Murali, Weiwei Cai, Xuesong Li,
w′′i = , i = 2, 3, .., N − 1 (15.a) Ji Won Suk, Jeffrey R. Potts, and Rodney S. Ruoff,
h2
Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties,
For the first mode may can set |w′′ | = −w′′ and (7.a) can and Applications, Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, No. 35,
be written in the discretized form 2010, pp. 3906-3924.
[3] Peng Li, Zheng You and Tianhong Cui,Graphene Can-
wi = f (wi+1 , wi , wi−1 ; λ (α ); α ; h), i = 2, 3, .., N − 1 tilever Beams for Nano Switches, Applied Physics Let-
(15.b) ters Vol.101, No. 09, pp. 3111, 2012.
[4] C. Galiotis, Mechanical Properties of Graphene,
To assure convergence of the finite difference algorithm
Graphene 2020, Brussels, Belgium, 2011 .
the perturbation solution will be used as an input when [5] Changgu Lee, Xiaoding Wei, Qunyang Li, Robert
evaluating wi . It is found that for α = 0.1 and h = 0.05, Carpick, Jeffrey W. Kysar, James Hone, Elastic and Fric-
after eight iterations, the solution converges with an ac- tional Properties of Graphene, Physica Status Solidi B,
curacy of 10−5 . Figure 2 shows the the finite differ- Vol.246, No. 11-12, 2009, pp. 2562- 2567.
ence solution w(z) of (15.b), normalized by w′ (0), cor- [6] Y. Liu, et al, Mechanical Properties of Graphene Papers
responding to the first mode for different values of the , Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol.
parameter α . It is clear that the deflection increases with 60, No. 4, 2012, pp. 591-605.
increasing α . The solution is enforced to maintain the [7] K. Papagelis, O. Frank, G. Tsoukleri, J. Parthe-
boundaries and the maximum effect occurs at the mid- nios, K. Novoselov, C. Galiotis, Axial Deformation of
point. Monolayer Graphene under Tension and Compression,
GraphITA, Ottaviano, Luca and Morandi, Vittorio, Car-
bon Nanostructures, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
5. CONCLUSIONS [8] Steven W. Cranford, Markus J. Buehler, Mechani-
cal Properties of Graphene, Carbon, Vol. 49, No. 13,
The nonlinearity in the stress strain relation for November 2011, pp. 4111-4121.
graphene affects the buckling behavior of a graphene [9] I.A. Ovid’ko, Mechanical Properties of Graphene, Re-
Euler beam. Approximate analytical perturbation so- views on Advanced Materials Science, Vol. 34, No. 1,
lution and finite difference numerical solution showed 2013, pp. 1-11.
increase in the deflection of the first mode due to the [10] Cadelano, E ; Palla, PL ; Giordano, S ; Colombo, L,
Nonlinear Elasticity of Monolayer Graphene, Physical
nonlinearity.
Review Letters ,Vol.102, No. 23, 2009, pp. 235502.
[11] Changgu Lee, Xiaoding Wei, Jeffrey W. Kysar, James
References Hone, Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrin-
sic Strength of Monolayer Graphene, Science, Vol. 321,
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