Diffusion from a point source in a moving stream

a. Make a mass balance (in molar units) over the ring shaped area element shown in fig 18 C.1
(2𝜋𝑟∆𝑟𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |z – (2𝜋𝑟∆𝑟𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |z+∆z+(2𝜋𝑟∆𝑟𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |r – (2𝜋𝑟∆𝑟𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |r+∆r = 0
Divided by 2𝜋𝑧∆𝑟 and take the limits as the dimensions of the ring-shaped element go to
zero.
(𝑟𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |z+∆z − (𝑟∆𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |z (𝑟𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |r+∆r − (𝑟∆𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) |r
lim ∆𝑍
+ lim ∆𝑍
=0
∆𝑧 →0 ∆𝑟 →0
Then using the definition of the partial derivative, we get:
𝜕𝑁𝐴𝑧 𝜕 𝜕𝑁𝐴𝑟 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑁𝐴𝑟 𝜕𝑁
𝑟 𝜕𝑧
+ 𝜕𝑟
( 𝜕𝑟 ) = 0 or 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 ( 𝜕𝑟
) + 𝜕𝑧𝐴𝑧 =0
We now use the expression for molar flux given in eq (D) of table 17.8.2:
𝜕𝑥𝐴 𝜕𝑐𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = −𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵 + 𝑐𝐴 𝑣𝑟∗ ≈ −𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑥𝐴 𝜕𝑐𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = −𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵 + 𝑐𝐴 𝑣𝑧∗ ≈ −𝐷𝐴𝐵 + 𝑐𝐴 𝑣𝑜
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
We have assumed that there is negligible convektif diffusion in the r direction, and that the
distinction between molar and mass average velocity is unimportant in the system. These
assumstions would be valid if the concentration of A in the mixture is small. When these
expressions are inserted into the equation for the molar flux
b. To make the change of variable, we use 𝑐𝐴 (𝑟, 𝑧) = 𝑐𝐴 (𝑠, 𝑧), and apply the chain rull of partial
differenstiation as follow:
𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝜕𝑠
( ) =( ) ( ) +( ) = ( ) +( )
𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝜕𝑠 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑧 𝑠
2
𝜕 𝑐𝐴 𝜕 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝜕 𝜕𝑐𝐴
( 2 ) = ( ) =( ( ) ) +( ( ) )
𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑠 𝑟 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝑠
𝜕 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝜕 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝜕 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑧 1 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕 2 𝑐𝐴
=( − + ) + ( + )
𝜕𝑧2 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝑠 2 𝜕𝑠𝜕𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑠𝜕𝑧 𝑠 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑧2
𝜕𝑐 𝜕𝑐 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑐 𝑟
( 𝜕𝑟𝐴 ) =( 𝜕𝑠𝐴 ) (𝜕𝑟 ) = ( 𝜕𝑠𝐴 )
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 𝑧𝑠

𝜕𝑐 𝜕𝑐 𝑟2 𝜕𝑐 𝑠2 −𝑧 2
𝑟 ( 𝜕𝑟𝐴 ) =( 𝜕𝑠𝐴 ) = ( 𝜕𝑠𝐴 )
𝑧 𝑧 𝑠 𝑧 𝑠
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑐𝐴 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑠 2 − 𝑧 2 1 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝑠 2 + 𝑧 2
[𝑟 ( ) ] = ( [𝑟 ( ) ]) = ( 2 ) + ( )
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑟 𝑧 𝑧 𝜕𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝑧 𝑠 2
When these are subtituted into eq 18.C.1-1, we then get Eq 18.C.1-2

c. Let
4𝜋𝐷𝐴𝐵 1 𝑣𝑜 1
𝑓(𝑠, 𝑧) = 𝑐𝐴 . = 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− (𝑠 − 𝑧)) = 𝑒𝑥𝑝(𝛼(𝑠 − 𝑧))
𝑊𝐴 𝑠 2𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑠
Then
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝑧 𝜕𝑓 𝑧 𝑧
( ) = 𝛼𝑓 , ( ) = −𝑓 − 𝛼𝑠 , ( ) = − 2 − 𝛼𝑓
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝑓𝑠 𝑠

𝜕2𝑓 2
𝑧 𝜕2𝑓 𝑧 𝑓
( 2 ) = 𝛼 𝑓 ,2 ( ) = (−2𝛼 − 2𝛼 2 𝑓)
𝜕𝑧 𝑠 𝜕𝑠𝜕𝑧 𝑠 𝑠
1 𝜕 2 𝜕𝑓
(𝑠 ) = 𝛼2𝑓
𝑠 2 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑠
 When these expression are subtituted into eq 18.C1-2, an identity is obtained.
B.C.1 is clearly satidfied. To examine B.C.2, we first have calculated derivative
𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝑊𝐴 1 𝛼
= (− 2 𝑒 −𝛼(𝑠−𝑧) − 𝑒 −𝛼(𝑠−𝑧) )
𝜕𝑠 4𝜋𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑠 𝑠
Then
𝜕𝑐𝐴
−4𝜋𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 𝑊𝐴 𝑒 −𝛼(𝑠−𝑧) (1 − 𝛼𝑠)
𝜕𝑠

When s is made to go to zero(which implies that z goes to zero as well), the right side of the
above equation goes to WA, and therefore the secodn boundary condition is satisfied.
To examined B.C.3 we have to calculate the derivatif with respect to r:
𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝜕𝑐𝐴 𝑟 𝑟
( ) = ( ) = 𝑊𝐴 𝑒 −𝛼(𝑠−𝑧) (1 − 𝛼𝑠)
𝜕𝑟 𝑧 𝜕𝑠 𝑧 𝑠 𝑠
2 2
Where 𝑠 = √𝑟 + 𝑧 .when r→0 , s goes to z, and B.C.3 is satisfied.
The meaning three of the boundary conditions are:
B.C.1: the concentration of A on a spherical surface is infinite distance from the injection
point mush be zero (since A diffusing in all reactions).
B.C.2: this is statment that WA is the injection of rate A.
B.C.3: this means that the maximum in the concentration must be on the axis.

d. To determine the diffusivity, one can write eq 18.C.1-3 as

𝑊𝐴 𝑣𝑜
ln(𝑐𝐴 𝑠) = 𝑙𝑛 ( )−( ) (𝑠 − 𝑧)
4𝜋𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑣𝑜
Hence , if cAs is plotted vs. (s-z) on semi logarithmic paper, the slope will be -( )and the
2𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊
intercept will be (4𝜋𝐷𝐴 ).
𝐴𝐵