Obtaining an Engine Performance Curve

Objective

To produce a set of performance curves for the engine under varying loads.

Theory

An internal combustion engine will produce varying torque and power values depending
on the speed and load conditions. By measuring the torque and power at a number of
engine speeds, it is possible to produce characteristic curves for the engine:

The torque produced by the engine is measured using the dynamometer, which
measures the force created by the arm of the dynamometer. As this force is generated
at a fixed position from the axis of rotation, the force measured by the load cell (in
Newtons) is directly proportional to the torque in Newton-Metres.

The engine power can be calculated from the torque and the engine speed.

Brake Power

2𝜋𝑇𝑛
𝑃𝑏 =
60

Where T is the engine torque in Nm and n is the engine speed in rpm.

Procedure

Run the CM12 program, selecting the engine characteristics experiment. Zero the torque
measurement and then start up the engine as described in the Operational Procedures
section. Ensure that the engine is running under computer controlled (automatic) load
with the throttle at fully open.

Adjust the set-point of the controller to 3600 rpm, making adjustments of no more than
300rpm steps at any one time, allowing the engine speed to stabilise at each new speed
before continuing.

When the engine has fully stabilised at 3600 rpm, take a sample (click the green ‘GO’
button). Warning: Do not let the engine run for any length of time at this speed with no
load.

Now enter a new set-point in the software, (3300 rpm), let the engine speed stabilise at
the new setting and take a another sample. Repeat this for a number of points from
3600rpm down to 1200rpm in steps of 300 rpm.

The experiment could be repeated for various throttle settings to obtain a family of
curves.

Results

View the graph screen in the software. The default plot shows both Torque and Power
against engine speed.

Conclusion

Compare your graph to the manufacturers data for the engine. Discuss the reasons for
any discrepancies.