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Power Management Using PLC and Scada
Power Management Using PLC and Scada
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ISSN 2348 – 7968
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
Power management is an important SCADA
constraint in the design of various loads in industries The combination of telemetry and data
for automation. So if power consumption increases acquisition is referred as SCADA(Supervisory
then the substation monitoring is very important for Control And Data Acquisition system).The SCADA
the purpose of controlling the hardware and software encompasses the collecting of information via
optimization with the help of PLC ladder logic RTU(Remote Terminal Unit) relocating it back to
system and SCADA were used. This technique in central site carrying out decisive rehash and control
order to reach strong conclusion about their actual and then displaying that information on a number of
impact on the power grid monitoring and control operating screens or displays. SCADA systems are
without manpower. The basic idea behind substation highly distributed systems used to control
control project is to monitor the switchyards in geographically dispersed assets, often scattered over
substation. In substation many relays and circuit thousands of square kilometers, where centralized
breakers are used. When any one breaker is trip data acquisition and control are critical to system
because of the problems, we can monitor and control operation. They are used in distribution systems such
through SCADA windows. In power management as water distribution and wastewater collection
project, the computer is used for assigning the systems, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power grids,
priority for various loads. The signals are given to the and railway transportation systems.
computer of the electricity board where there is the A SCADA control center performs
electronic control unit which controls the sequence of centralized monitoring and control for field sites over
disconnecting the load. On basis of controls from the long-distance communications networks, including
computer the breakers are managed and in computer monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based
the SCADA system is installed which is used for on information received from remote stations,
monitoring and control. If there any problem occurs automated or operator-driven supervisory commands
in plant, we can easily identify which part is can be pushed to remote station control devices,
trip.Afterthat we can troubleshoot the problem which are often referred to as field devices. Field
through manpower and monitor the substation. devices control local operations such as opening and
KEYWORDS: PLC, SCADA, Power grid system, closing valves and breakers, collecting data from
Fault isolation. sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment
for alarm conditions. A SCADA system gathers data
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, February 2015.
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ISSN 2348 – 7968
from sensors and instruments located to remote sides. Master Terminal Unit (MTU) – allows operators to
Then, it transmits data at a central site for controller view the state of any part of the plant equipment and
monitoring process. Automation systems are used to drives most operator interaction with the by alarms. It
increase the efficiency of process control by trading provides displays of process status information,
off high personnel costs for low computer system including alarms and other means.
costs. These automation system are often referred to Interfacing – allows communications equipment
as process control system (PCS) or supervisory from different manufacturers to be connected
control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and together. The RS 232 or RS-485 interface is designed
the widespread use of such systems makes them for the connection of two devices. Two devices
critical to the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of called: DTE (Data Terminal Equipment)
many physical processes. communicates with a DCE device and transmits data
and receives data and DCE (Data communications
SERVER Equipment) transmits data between the DTE and a
physical data communications link.
ETHERNET Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) – means a
SWITCH
microprocessor to connect data input streams to data
output streams. RTU may include a battery or charger
CLIENT 3 CLIENT 1 CLIENT 2
circuitry. It is accomplished by using an isolated
MTU voltage or current source. In SCADA system, RTU is
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, February 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
PLC byte, word and double word addressable
Programmable Logic Controller or memory locations. A PLC is an example of
programmable controller is a digital computer used a hard real time system since output results must be
for automation of typically industrial produced in response to input conditions within a
electromechanical processes, such as control of bounded time.
machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement RELATED WORK
rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many Today the rapid growth of Information
industries and machines. PLCs are designed for Technology (IT) tools has promoted many PDC to
multiple analogue and digital inputs and output bring up to date their fault diagnosis as well as
arrangements, extended temperature ranges, troubleshooting systems. Among new technologies
immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to used for this purpose, SCADA systems are
vibration and impact. Programs to control machine considered as the widely appropriate tool used for
operation are typically stored in battery-backed-up such processes. Moreover, they proved the
or non-volatile memory. The functionality of the importance on using computer based system for
PLC has evolved over the years to include sequential sustainable development in the automation of the
relay control, motion control, process power distribution network to improve the customers'
control, distributed control systems and networking. service and the reliability of the network. Also the
The data handling, storage, processing power and paper outlines the general concepts and required
communication capabilities of some modern PLCs equipments for the automation of such power
are approximately equivalent to desktop computers. networks [1].
The main difference from other computers is that SCADA system can be accomplished by
PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such as dust, using PLC ladder diagram. This automated
moisture, heat, cold) and have the facility for distribution system is analyzed to develop a secure,
extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. reliable and convenient management tool which can
use remote terminal units (RTUs). SCADA provides
management with real-time data on production
operations; implements more efficient control
paradigms, improve plant and personnel safety, and
reduces costs of operation. The security of SCADA
systems depends on the effective application of
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC security principles and technology to the SCADA
The above figure shows basic block diagram system. This paper has proposed a model that
of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The CPU illuminates the categories of data, functionality, and
of PLC is programmed using a programming terminal interdependencies present in a SCADA system. [2].
usually through personal computers or dedicated Main concept of the paper is data acquisition &
HMIs. Basic Modules associated with the CPU are controlling by using SCADA software PLC. Here
external modules and I/O modules along with bit, PLC is a medium between electrical system &
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, February 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
Personal Computer for SCADA to take input and develop and design a distribution automation system
output bits. By using the parameters, we can easily aimed at the low voltage (LV) distribution system [6]
control any load in our system to improve system In this paper they used different methods for
operation, system reliability, etc. alternatively, generation of electricity like wind, PV (photovoltaic),
SCADA and PLC communication system make it hydro, biogas & distributed using PLC & controlling
possible to integrate protection control and using SCADA. Due to Energy Management System
monitoring electrical parameter together for using PLC & SCADA operational cost decreases &
maximum benefit. [3]. also easy to handle. Online monitoring & distribution
Open loop distribution system is the of energy is possible due to this developed Energy
distribution configuration system used as TNB Management System [7].
distribution system. It is the first DAS research work POWER GRID SYSTEM
done on customer side substation for operating and
An electrical grid is an interconnected
controlling between the consumer side system and
network for delivering electricity from suppliers to
the substation. This research helps to optimize staff
consumers. It consists of generating stations that
efficiency by deploying staff to on-site location only
produce electrical power, high-voltage transmission
when necessary. It is the first DAS research work
lines that carry power from distant sources to demand
done on customer side substation for operating and
centers, and distribution lines that connect individual
controlling between the consumer side system and
customers. Power stations may be located near a fuel
the substation. The operating system described here
source, at a dam site, or to take advantage of
can reduce the number of customers that experience
renewable energy sources, and are often located away
outages [4].The system provides opportunity for
from heavily populated areas. They are usually quite
managing faults by creating faults database and
large to take advantage of the economies of scale.
assessing the performance index. The approach offers
The electric power which is generated is stepped up
enhanced performance over the traditional approach
to a higher voltage at which it connects to the
and provides useful suggestion to improve delivery of
transmission network.
power to consumers. This makes it difficult to keep
A substation receives its power from the
track of the system reliability over a period. The
transmission network; the power is stepped down
developed framework which is based on the
with a transformer and sent to a bus from which
developed template accepts the report from the fault
feeders fan out in all directions across the
log or from the message log data. The approach
countryside. These feeders carry three-phase power,
offers enhanced performance over the traditional
and tend to follow the major streets near the
approach and provides useful suggestion for
substation. As the distance from the substation grows,
improved delivery of power to consumers [5].
the fan-out continues as smaller laterals spread out to
This novel automated fault isolation system
cover areas missed by the feeders. This tree-like
has been developed and integrated into a new
structure grows outward from the substation, but for
customer side distribution system The main
reliability reasons, usually contains at least one
contribution of the work in this research project is to
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w
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ISSN 23488 – 7968
unused baackup connectiion to a nearrby substation. switcching process and monitoor the voltagee and
This connnection can be
b enabled inn case of ann curreent parameter of
o the transform
mer.
emergencyy, so that a porrtion of a substtation's servicee
territory can be alterrnatively fedd by anotherr
substation.. All power systems havee three majorr
componentts: Generation,, Load and Traansmission.
systems for Electrical Distribution are operaating status. Inn Indication window,
w the Circuit
C
Breakkers are monittor separately. Is there any Circuit
C
Inncreases reliabiility through auutomation. Breakker is trip, thee correspondinng switch is inndicate
Eliminates thee need for manual dataa throuugh lamp.By using
u this indiication window
w, we
coollection. can identify
i the fauult location. Inn Trend windoow, the
A
Alarms and sysstem-wide monnitoring enablee graphh is shown for monitor the voltage and current
c
opperators to quickly
q spot and addresss valuees of transform
mers. In Alarm
m window, thhe low
prroblems. and high rating cuurrent and volltage is updatee each
A
Automation pro
otects workerss by enablingg changes in substaation. The alaarm is indicatte like
prroblem areas to
t be detected and addressedd ‘LOW
W’ & ‘HIGH’ of correspondding tag names used
auutomatically. in SC
CADA. If we want to shutddown the system
m, we
O
Operators can
n use poweerful trendingg can give
g command through SCAD
DA. This SCA
ADA is
caapabilities to detect futuure problems, interfface with the PLC for conntrol operationn. The
prrovide better routine maaintenance off Hardd ware switchhes are conneccted to PLC inputs
eqquipment and spot
s areas for improvement. basedd on their addrressing.
H
Historians proviide the ability to
t view data inn
SIM
MULATION TOOL
T
vaarious ways to improve efficiiency.
Creating new
n applicationn
Inn SCADA mo
onitoring, five windows aree
used. In control wind
dow, we cann control thee Creating windows
w
Tag definiition
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, February 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
Drawing objects integration, the terms are often used interchangeably.
Power-system automation includes processes
Animation properties
associated with generation and delivery of power.
Writing scripts
Monitoring and control of power delivery systems in
Real time trends the substation and on the pole to reduce the
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, February 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
similarities or not in the patterns of power and more efficient control paradigms, improves plant and
utilization of the devices. Additionally, the TREND personnel safety, and reduces costs of operation. The
meter aims at making publicly available the collected proposed model that illuminates the categories of
data to the community, and to easily show this data, functionality, and interdependencies present in a
information with a graphical representation. The SCADA.The model serves as a foundation for further
design of TREND meter architecture had to face a research on how to best apply technical controls in
complex and very heterogeneous scenario. substation and domestic distribution areas.
REFERENCES
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, February 2015.
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ISSN 2348 – 7968
“Generation of Electricity by Renewable Energy
Sources & Transmission of Energy Production Units
using PLC & SCADA”. Rahul N Deshmukh, P.H.
Zope, S.R. Suralkar.
.
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