Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Climate Unit2
Climate Unit2
CLIMATOLOGY
UNIT – NO: 2
BY
B.HARIHARAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN OF SOLAR SHADING DEVICES
The Movement of the Sun
▶ The earth rotates on its north south axis in a 24 hour period and
orbits the sun in a period of one year.
▶ The sun’s position on the sky hemisphere can be specified by two angles:
▶ Altitude Angle [g] represents the vertical angle at the point of observation
between the horizontal plane and the line connecting the sun with the observer.
▶ Azimuth Lines - Azimuth angles run around the edge of the diagram.
▶ Date Lines - Date lines start on the eastern side of the graph and run to the
western side and represent the path of the sun on one particular day of the
year. In Ecotect, the first day of January to June are shown as solid lines,
while July to December are shown as dotted lines.
▶ Angle of incidence β = Angle between a line perpendicular to the wall and the
sun’s direction.
▶ ARCUAL LINES, which coincide with the altitude circles along the
centreline, but then deviate and converge at the two corners of the
protractor; these will give readings of the VSA.
HS
VS
A
A
The Shadow Angle Protractor
HSA OF A PAIR OF VERTICAL
FINS
SUPERIMPOSED
ON SUN-PATH
DIAGRAM
SUPERIMPOSED ON
SUN-PATH DIAGRAM
To design a horizontal shading device this way, use the following basic steps:
▶ This is the date before which the window is to be completely shaded and after
which the window will be only partially shaded.
▶ These represent the times of day between which full shading is required. Keep in
mind that the closer to sunrise and sunset these times are, the exponentially
larger the required shade.
▶ Use solar tables or a sun-path diagram to obtain the azimuth and altitude of the
sun at each time on the cut-off date.
4. Calculate the Shadow Angles:
▶ Using the methods detailed in the Shadow Angles topic, calculate the
HSA and VSA at each time.
▶ Once again, using the Shadow Angle methods, calculate the depth
and width of the required shade on each side of the window.
Shade Depth:
▶ HORIZONTAL DEVICES
▶ Narrow blades with close spacing gives the same shadow angle as broader
blades with wider spacing
▶ Using the shadow angle protractor the ‘shading mask’ of a given device is
established. If the shading mask of the device is done on the same scale as
the protractor, on tracing paper, it can be laid on the solar chart– shading
times for the particular device (dates and hour) can be read off directly.
▶ It will be seen that this type of device is most effective when the sun is to
eastern or western elevation
SHADING DEVICES :
HORIZONTAL SHADING DEVICES
39
Exterior shading device
•Exterior shading device is primary used to control sunlight penetration to the interior of buildings.
•Such shading devices are always attached on the mullion as a separate component of building
envelop, but can also be achieved by disposition of the building floors to create overhangs.
•Exterior shading device decrease direct beam penetration by projecting shadow on the
window along the sunlit direction;
65
Types of exterior shading device
•Two basic types of exterior shading
device are
• Horizontal & Vertical
• Various combination of these creates
many configurations to accommodate
different envelop shapes and
orientations.
Each orientation of the building requires a different approach to the design of shading.
The north elevation (in the northern hemisphere) essentially does not require shading because
except in the summer months in the early morning and late evening, no sun penetration occurs.
66
SOUTH
. SIDE ORIENTATION
Horizontal shading devices are suited to southern exposures.
Roof overhangs can also easily be used to shade southern exposures on low rise buildings.
-the length of the projection is determined as a geometric function of the height of the window and the
angle of elevation of the sun at solar noon.
- Such shading devices can be designed to completely eliminate sun penetration in the summer and
allow for complete sun penetration during the winter when such is desired for passive heat gain.
68
EAST AND WEST SIDE ORIENTATION
The east and west elevations are both difficult to shade.
In east direction we receives early morning sun and from
west direction we receives evening sun
Its angle is also low enough to preclude shading using
overhangs.
Shading can be
provided in the way
of landscaping and
foliage
69
Other shading devices
Besides attaching shading device on exterior of building envelop,
many other ways can also prevent sun light from penetrating to
the interior of buildings.
•Interior shading device
•Building self-shading
•Shaded by trees and other obstructions
70
Shading Devices in IHC
The reflectors are installed above the
building to provide shade and prevent sun
from entering into the building. The
reflectors are aligned at an angle which
reflect back 70% of the sunlight and change
their angle during winter to allow sunlight to
fall on the windows.
71
Solar shading device for high-rise buildings
The external shading system sits like a
skin on the outside of a building, moving
around on tracks to shield the sun while
still allowing daylight to penetrate.