 An essay has three main parts: an introduction (

introductory paragraph), a body (at least one

paragraph ), and a conclusion (concluding
paragraph).
 An essay introduction consists of two parts: a
few general statements to attract a reader s
attention and a thesis statement to state the main
idea of the essay. A thesis statement for an essay
is like a topic sentence for a paragraph : it names
the topic and gives the reader a general idea of the
contents of the essay. The body consists of one or
more paragraphs. The conclusion , like the
concluding sentence in a paragraph, is a summary
or review of the main points discussed in the body .

 A thesis statement should have a narrow focus

include both your topic and what you plan to
present .it may state subtopics of the main topic
 A thesis statement should not ask a question. A
thesis statement should not be written in first person.
In other words, don't use "I" statements such as "I
think." , avoid the personal pronouns "you," "we,"
"my," "your" or "our". Simply stating your argument
with supporting facts makes you sound much more
objective.
To write introduction, try the inverted pyramid or
funnel formula. Start off with a very broad description
of your topic and gradually narrow it down to your
specific thesis statement.

 Do not use contractions or abbreviations (e.g.,

don't, can't, won't, shouldn't, could've, or haven't).
Your essay should have a serious tone, even if it's
written in a light or lyrical style.

How each paragraph flows logically and smoothly to
the next? Good connections will
:help your ideas to flow

As a "part of speech" transition words are used to link words,

phrases or sentences. They help the reader to progress from one
idea to the next idea. Thus, they help to build up coherent
relationships within the text.

Transitional Words
This structured list of commonly used English transition words .
English transition words are essential, since they not only connect
ideas, but also can introduce a certain shift, contrast or opposition,
emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion.

. agreement / Addition / Similarity

not only ... but also

as a matter of fact
in addition
in the same fashion / way
first, second, third
equally important
and
also
equally
identically
like
 as
too
moreover
as well as
together with
likewise
comparatively
correspondingly
similarly
furthermore
additionally

Opposition / Contradiction
Transition phrases like but, rather and or, express that there
is evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives, and
thus introduce a change the line of reasoning (contrast).

in contrast
different from
on the other hand
on the contrary
at the same time
in spite of
though
after all
but
unlike
or
(and) yet
 while
even though
although
instead
whereas
despite
otherwise
however
rather
nevertheless
regardless

Cause / Condition / Purpose

These transitional phrases present
specific conditions or intentions.

for the purpose of

with this intention
in the hope that
to the end that
in order to

because of
as
since
so that
 so as to
owing to

Examples / Support / Emphasis

These transitional devices (like especially) are used to
introduce examples as support, to indicate importance or
as an illustration .

in other words
to put it differently
as an illustration
in this case
for this reason
to put it another way
that is to say
with attention to
by all means

important to realize
another key point
first thing to remember
must be remembered
to point out
on the positive side
on the negative side
with this in mind
notably
including
like
to be sure
namely
truly
indeed
certainly
surely
such as

especially
explicitly
specifically
expressly
surprisingly
frequently
significantly
particularly
in fact
in general
in particular
in detail
for example
Effect / Consequence / Result
as a result
under those circumstances
in that case
for this reason
in effect
thus
because the
then
hence
consequently
therefore
accordingly

Conclusion / Summary / Restatement

These transition words and
phrases conclude, summarize and / or restate ideas, or
indicate a final general statement. Also some words
(like therefore) from the Effect / Consequence category
can be used to summarize.

as can be seen
generally speaking
in the final analysis
as shown above
as has been noted
in a word
for the most part
after all
in fact
in summary
 in conclusion
in short
in brief
to summarize
to sum up
on the whole
in either case

Time / Chronology / Sequence

up to the present time

in the meantime
in a moment
without delay
in the first place
all of a sudden
first, second

immediately
quickly
finally
after
later
last
until
since
then
before
hence
next
now

suddenly

eventually
meanwhile
further
during
in time
prior to
 Sample of an essay

pollution is the biggest problem in the modern time people are

facing. It affects the ordinary living of the living things on this planet
by disturbing the natural life cycle. it is the mixing of some harmful
or poisonous materials into the natural resources available on the
earth. Pollution can be of many types like noise pollution, air
pollution, water pollution.

First, air pollution is now a serious problem for those living in

big, industrialized cities with heavy vehicular traffic. Air pollution
may be defined as the occurrence of any foreign materials or
gases such as oxides of carbon, and nitrogen in the air, which are
harmful for man, plants, animals or buildings. The polluted air we
breathe goes to our whole body and affect all the systems . It
becomes the reason of many diseases like cancer .The main
reasons of the air pollution are the heavy emissions of harmful and
poisonous gases arise from the increasing number of vehicles,
factories. [.2]

Secondly, water pollution is the contamination of water bodies

that happens as a result of introduction of pollutants in water.
Water is life; nevertheless , people still contribute in polluting the
water in several ways. Furthermore, water pollution is also a big
issue directly affecting the creatures of marine life because they
only depend on the material found in the water for their survival.
The reason of the water contamination is harmful wastes from
factories, industries, , farms, etc which are directly put into the
main source of water like rivers, lakes and oceans. [3]

In addition to the air and water pollution , noise pollution is

another kind which means sound pollution which sources is
whether indoors or outdoors .It is not desirable. Science creates
noise pollution with its inventions. It has invented very high
sounds that may cause harm to the humanity. The sources of
indoor noise pollution are machines, television, music activities.
The outdoors( external) sources of noise pollution are industries,
cars, trains, etc. Noise control measures such as noise barriers,
smooth roadways, etc. can be introduced to reduce the pollution..
[4]

To conclude, pollution is a serious thing that influences

passively on our life. It has different forms such as: air, water, noise.
Pollution prevention is a major global concern because of its
harmful effects on people's health and the environment .If pollution
continues at its present rate, the future results could be very
dangerous to human health and the environment. Hard diseases
will increase because bad materials that enters our bodies through
breathing polluted air and eating dirty food. it will be a reason for
disappearing of some marine creatures.[5]