Cveni garemo 1

lia SalvaSvili

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo
bunebismetyvelebaSi

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

saministros mier 2018 wels

Semecneba
Tbilisi • 2018
Cveni garemo 1
moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo bunebismetyvelebaSi

avtori:
lia SalvaSvili (jgufis xelmZRvaneli) _ pedagogi, bio-geografi,
geograf. mecnierebaTa doqtori,
iakob gogebaSvilis premiis laureati

redaqtori _ givi bojgua _ filologi

dizaineri da damkabadonebeli _ manana maWavariani

mxatvroba da kompiuteruli grafika _ ilia WrelaSvilis
fotoebi _ akaki muSkiaSvilis
garekanis dizaini _ nato yubaneiSvilis

yvela ufleba daculia.

am saxelmZRvanelos arc erTi nawili, aranairi formiTa da saSualebiT,
iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes
gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier

2018 wels

ISBN 978-9941-428-61-6

© gamomcemloba `Semecneba~, 2018

© l. SalvaSvili, 2018
Tbilisi, antonovskaias 9b
telefoni 995 32 260 23 15; 995 599 55 05 54
elfosta: info@shemetsneba.ge
vebgverdi: www.shemetsneba.ge

mesame gamocema, 2018

CHVENI GAREMO (OUR NATURE) 1

Student’s textbook in Natural Science

Author Lia Shalvashvili

Redactor Givi Bojgua

All rights reserved

© Publishing House SHEMETSNEBA, 2018

© L. Shalvashvili, 2018
9b Antonovskaya Street., Tbilisi, Georgia
Phone 995 32 260 23 15; 995 599 55 05 54
E-mail: info@shemetsneba.ge
www.shemetsneba.ge
 winasityvaoba

Sen ukve pirvelklaseli xar. albaT giyvars

buneba. es wigni dagexmareba ukeT Seicno gare-
momcveli samyaro. amaSi saxelmZRvanelos gmire-
bi _ Wkviani xuTkunWula da cnobismoyvare Wian-
Wvelac dagexmarebian.

yuradRebiT daakvirdi rubrikeb-

is pi­
ro­biT niSnebs _ patara naxatebs.
isini migiTiTeben Tu romeli savarjiSo
rogor unda Seasrulo.

imedia, SemoTavazebul davale-

bebs da mcire zomis teqstebs xalisiT
gaarTmev Tavs. momavalSi ki, asakis
matebasTan erTad, ufro didi mocu-
lobis teqstebis wakiTxvis survili
gagiCndeba.

warmatebebs gisurveb garemos Secnobis sain-

tereso gzaze.

avtori
 sarCevi

2. Cemi saxelmZRvanelo...................................................6
9. davibanoT xel-piri, gaviwmindoT kbilebi...............7
10. feri da forma...........................................................9
11. didi da patara........................................................ 10
12. amoicani figurebi................................................... 11
13. foTlebi................................................................... 12
15. wiwvebi da girCebi................................................... 13
16. mze............................................................................. 15
17. Rrublebi.................................................................. 17
18. mTvare....................................................................... 18
19. varskvlavebi............................................................. 19
20. dRe da Rame.............................................................. 20
21. cisartyela.............................................................. 21
23. sxvadasxva sagnebi.................................................... 22
24. rogor Cndeba nagavi................................................ 23
25. sad waviRoT nagavi.................................................. 24
26. SesafuTi masalis daxarisxeba da gamoyeneba....... 25
30. vxedavT TvalebiT.................................................... 27
31. Sokoladi.................................................................. 28
33. gvesmis yuriT........................................................... 29
35. Tovli da yinuli..................................................... 30
36. fifqebi..................................................................... 31
37. amindi........................................................................ 32
38. amindi da weliwadis droebi................................... 33
39. sezonebi da Tveebi.................................................. 34
42. mcenaris nawilebi.................................................... 35
43. mcenaris nawilebi.................................................... 36
44. nayofi da Tesli...................................................... 37
45. xe, buCqi da balaxovani mcenare............................ 38
46. xili da bostneuli................................................. 39
47. ratom unda mivirTvaT xili da bostneuli?........ 42
48. cxovelTa mravalferovneba................................... 43
49. cxovelis sxeulis nawilebi................................... 44
50. cxovelTa moZraoba................................................. 45
51. mwerebi...................................................................... 47
52. Tevzebi..................................................................... 48
53. frinvelebi............................................................... 49
54. nadirebi.................................................................... 50
55. Sinauri da gareuli cxovelebi............................. 51
56. dro........................................................................... 53
 Cemi saxelmZRvanelo
2

Wkviani xuTkunWula da cnobismoyvare

WianWvela skolaSi midian.

rubrikebis pirobiTi niSnebi

gaaferade, daxate daakvirdi

an SeaerTe xaziT

gamoWeri da Caakari moifiqre

6
 davibanoT xel-piri,
9
gaviwmindoT kbilebi

daakvirdi bavSvebs.
ras akeTeben isini?

daakvirdi jagrisis moZraobas.

7
 moifiqre, ra SemTxvevaSi aris saWiro
xelebis dabana.

davibanoT xel-piri, gavixexoT kbilebi.

TiTebi da frCxilebi yovelTvis

sufTa da movlili unda gqondes!

8
 feri da forma
10
daakvirdi figurebs da
daasaxele isini.

daakvirdi naxats da daasaxele wignebis ferebi,

jer qvemodan zemoT, Semdeg zemodan qvemoT.

9
 didi da patara
11

yvela saTamaSo daTvi erTnairia?

daakvirdi saTamaSoebs.
yvela pingvini erTnairia?

10
 amoicani figurebi
12
ra ferisa da formis figurebiT
TamaSobs lika?

amoicani da daasaxele SenTvis nacnobi

figurebi.

11
 foTlebi
13

daakvirdi foTlebs.

12
 wiwvebi da girCebi
15
Seadare naZvi da fiWvi.

naZvis girCa

naZvi

fiWvi
fiWvis girCa

13
 daakvirdi girCebsa da wiwvebs.

girCebi
da
wiwvebi

wiwvi am xis foTolia.

aseT xeebs wiwvovani xeebi hqviaT.

14
 mze
16

daakvirdi cas.

romel sagans amsgavseb formiT mzes?

15
 mze uzarmazari manaTobeli varskvla­
via. ecade, ar Sexedo mas damcavi saTva-
lis gareSe.

daakvirdi cas.

16
 Rrublebi
17
daakvirdi sxvadasxva formis Rrublebs.

rogor fiqrob, SeiZleba Rrublebze

jdoma da frena?

ratom uWiravs
gogonas qolga?

17
 mTvare
18
daakvirdi mTvares.
aRwere, rogoria igi?

mocemul suraTze dRea Tu Rame?

rogor mixvdi?

18
 varskvlavebi
19

yvela varskvlavi erTnairia?

varskvlavi uzarmazari mnaTobia.

19
 dRe da Rame
20
daakvirdi suraTs.

diliT Tendeba. mze `amodis~. dedami-

was anaTebs da aTbobs. SuadRisas mze yve-
laze metad anaTebs da aTbobs dedamiwas.
saRamos mze `Cadis~, Rame dgeba.
dila, SuadRe, saRamo, Rame _ dRe-
Ramis monakveTebia.

20
 cisartyela
21
fotoebze daakvirdi
cisartyelas.

21
 sxvadasxva sagnebi

amoicani rbili saTamaSoebi da

daasaxele maTi nomrebi. Semdeg _ magari
saTamaSoebi da daasaxele maTi nomrebi.

22
 rogor Cndeba nagavi
24
ra nagavi Cndeba am produqtebis
gamoyenebis Semdeg?

23
 sad waviRoT nagavi
25
moifiqre zRapari
`ra moxda WianWvelebis budeSi?~
sad waiRos nagavi nagvis manqanam?

24
 SesafuTi masalis
26
daxarisxeba da gamoyeneba

daamzade `oTaxis yvavilebi~.

25
 daamzade `Cxriala saTamaSo~.

26
 vxedavT TvalebiT
30
daakvirdi fotos.

raSi gvexmareba mxedveloba?

daasaxele im suraTis nomeri,

romelsac eTanxmebi.

27
 Sokoladi
31
daakvirdi Sokoladis xes.

Sokoladis
(kakaos) xe.

Sokoladis kanfeti.

Sokoladis
(kakaos)
xis nayofi. Sokoladis fila.

28
 gvesmis yuriT
33
daakvirdi suraTebs da xmiT
gadmoeci is bgerebi, romlebsac
mocemuli sagnebi da cocxali
arsebebi gamoscemen.

29
 Tovli da yinuli
35
riTi aris dafaruli es xeebi?

romel nomer fotozea Tovli

da romelze _ yinuli?

30
 fifqebi
36
hgavs Tu ara es fifqebi Sen mier nanaxs?

ginaxavs nakvalevi Tovlze?

31
 amindi
37
waikiTxe da daasaxele is sityvebi,
romlebiTac daaxasiaTebdi aminds:

didi, patara, civi, viwro, Tbili, farTo,

cxeli, mSrali, wvimiani, mokle, mziani,
grZeli, qariani, dabali, Tovliani.

daakvirdi suraTebs.
TiToeuls Seusabame amindis aRmniSvneli
sityva da samuSao rveulSi cariel CarCoSi
Caxate amindis simboluri naxati.

garemoSi bevri SesamCnevi cvlile-

ba xdeba: erT dRes ca mowmendilia, mze
anaTebs, Tbila; meore dRes SeiZleba
gawvimdes an civi qari amovardes. amindi
SeiZleba dReSi ramdenjerme Seicvalos.
mze, qari, wvima, Tovli, siTbo, sicive
da sxva amindis maxasiaTeblebia.

32
 amindi da
38
weliwadis droebi

daakvirdi naxatebs. amoicani weliwadis

romeli droa da daasaxele.

weliwadSi oTxi droa _ gazafxuli,

zafxuli, Semodgoma, zamTari. weliwadis
TiToeul dros misTvis Sesabamisi amin-
di axasiaTebs. amindi SeiZleba Seicva-
los rogorc dRe-Ramis, ise weliwadis
droebis mixedviT.

33
 sezonebi da Tveebi
39
ra Secdomebi dauSva mxatvarma?
rogor Secvlidi naxats?
imsjele mewyvilesTan.

weliwadSi Tormeti Tvea: ianvari,

Tebervali, marti, aprili, maisi, ivnisi,
ivlisi, agvisto, seqtemberi, oqtomberi,
noemberi, dekemberi.
gazafxulis Tveebia: marti, aprili,
maisi.
zafxulis Tveebia: ivnisi, ivlisi, ag­
visto.
Semodgomis Tveebia: seqtemberi, oqtom­
beri, noemberi.
zamTris Tveebia: dekemberi, ianvari,
Tebervali.

34
 mcenaris nawilebi
42
daakvirdi mcenares.
daasaxele misi saxelwodeba.

yvavili

Rero

foToli

fesvi

mcenare cocxalia.
fesvi mcenares miwaSi aqvs, miwis ze-
moT _ Rero, foToli da yvavili.
fesvi, Rero, foToli da yva­
vili mcenaris nawilebia.

35
 mcenaris nawilebi
43

mcenaris Rero foTlebsa da yvavilebs

imagrebs.
sxvadasxva mcenaris nawilebi erTma­
ne­
Tisgan gansxvavdebian feriT, for­ miT,
zomiT.

1. daasaxele mcenaris nawilebi.

2. riT gansxvavdebian sxvadasxva
mcenaris nawilebi?

36
 nayofi da Tesli
44
daakvirdi fotoebs. amoicani, romelia
nayofi da romeli _ Tesli.

nayofebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian

feriT, formiT, zomiT.
zog mcenares wvniani nayofi aqvs, zogs
ki _ mSrali.
nayofis SigniT Teslia. sxva­dasxva
nayofis Tesli erTmane­Tisgan gansx-
vavdeba.

37
 xe, buCqi da
45
balaxovani mcenare

daakvirdi mcenareebs. moifiqre, riT

gansxvavdebian isini. esaubre mewyviles.

xes erTi msxvili da magari Rero aqvs.

xis Rero sxvadasxva ferisaa (magaliTad,
yavisferi, nacrisferi).
buCqs ramdenime wvrili da magari
Rero aqvs. igi miwasTan axlos itoteba.
buCqi xeze dabalia.
balaxovani mcenaris Rero, xisa da
buCqis RerosTan SedarebiT sustia. bal-
axovani mcenaris Rero mwvanea.

38
 xili da bostneuli
46
daakvirdi fotoebs. daasaxele, romeli
nomeri nayofi romel nomer fotos
Seesabameba.

39
 daakvirdi fotoebs. daasaxele, im
bostneulis nomeri, romlis miwiszeda
nawilebs viyenebT sakvebad, Semdeg im
bostneulis nomeri, romlis miwisqveSa
nawilebs viyenebT sakvebad.

40
 xe, romelic xils isxams, xexilia. vaS­
li, msxali, komSi, atami, qliavi, Wera­
mi, bali, alubali da sxva xexilia. iseT
baRs, sadac xexilia gaSenebuli, xexilis
baRs vuwodebT.
xexilis nayofi _ xili _ gemrielia da
bevr vitamins Seicavs. xilisgan amzade-
ben murabas, xilfafas, kompots, wvens.
bostneuli mcenareebi sakvebad gamoi-
yeneba.
bostneulia: pomidori, kitri, Warxa-
li, stafilo, kombosto, badrijani, xax-
vi, wiwaka da sxva.
zogierTi bostneulis Wama umad Sei-
Zleba, zogi ki unda moixarSos an Seiwvas.
bostneuli adamianis janmrTelobis­
Tvis sasargebloa.
upasuxe kiTxvebs zepirad.
1. romeli xexili ginaxavs?
2. rogor baRs vuwodebT xexilis baRs?
3. ras amzadeben xilisgan?
gaaswore Secdomebi.
(daasaxele araswori sityva).
1. bostneulia:
stafilo, msxali, xaxvi, niori.
2. umad mivirTmevT:
atams, marwyvs, lobios, forToxals.

41
 ratom unda mivirTvaT
47
xili da bostneuli?

unda mivirTvaT bevri xili da bostne­

uli, radgan isini uamrav vitamins Sei-
caven. vitaminebi aucilebelia janmr­Te­
lobisTvis!
Tu gsurs, jansaRi gai­
zardo, gqon­des magari kbi­
lebi da kargi mxedveloba
_ me gWirdebi!

Tu gsurs, iyo Zlieri,

gqondes kargi mada da uceb
ar gabrazde _ me gWirdebi!

Tu gsurs iSviaTad ga-

civde, iyo mxned da swra-
fad gamojanmrTelde _ me
gWirdebi!

yuradReba!
Wamis win xelebi unda davibanoT;
xili da bostneuli kargad
gavrecxoT da ise mivirTvaT.

42
 cxovelTa mravalferovneba
48
moifiqre, riT gansxvavdebian es
cxovelebi erTmaneTisgan? esaubre mewyviles.

pepela

beRura

kalmaxi

spilo

dedamiwaze mravali cxoveli binadrobs.

cxovelebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavde-
bian sxeulis formis, zomisa da feris
mixedviT.

43
 cxovelis sxeulis nawilebi
49
Seadare erTmaneTs Tagvi da cxeni.

CarCoebSi Cawerilia cxovelis sxeulis

nawilebi. daakvirdi, aRmoaCine Secdomebi
da samuSao rveulSi Cawere sworad.

1. kidurebi 2. kudi

3. Tavi 4. tani

vefxvis sxeulis nawilebia: Tavi, tani,

kidurebi (fexebi), kudi.
cxovelebs sxeulis gansxvave-
buli nawilebi aqvT.

44
 cxovelTa moZraoba
50
daakvirdi fotoebs da daasaxele,
ra saxis moZraobis Sesruleba
SeuZlia fotoebze gamosaxul cxovelebs.

frena curva xoxva siaruli

45
 cxovelebi sxvadasxvagvarad moZrao­
ben. zogi cxoveli dadis an darbis. frin-
velebi da mwerebi dafrinaven. Tevzebsa
da zogierT sxva cxovels curva SeuZlia.
qvewarmavlebi daxoxaven.
cxovelebis moZraobis organoebia: fe­
xe­bi, frTebi, farflebi.

daasaxele
swori pasuxi:

frena SeuZlia:
loms, arwivs, kengurus;

oTxi fexi aqvs:

WianWvelas, aqlems,
Tolias;

TaTebi aqvs:
bulbuls, daTvs, kalias;

xelebi aqvs:
Tevzs, adamians,
beRuras.

46
 mwerebi
51
daakvirdi fotoebs.
amoicani romeli cxovelia da
Seecade daasaxelo saxelwodeba.

mwerebi zomiT patara cxovelebi arian.

maT eqvsi fexi aqvT.

47
 Tevzebi
52
daakvirdi fotos.
fotoze uCvene Tevzis sxeulis
nawilebi da daasaxele.

Tevzi wylis cxovelia. misi sxeuli

dafarulia qercliT.
Tevzi curavs wyalSi.

zepirad Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

1. Tevzis sxeuli bolovdeba ... .

2. Tevzis sxeuli dafarulia ... .
3. Tevzi curavs ... saSualebiT.

48
 frinvelebi
53
daakvirdi frinvelis sxeuls.
fotoze uCvene frinvelis
sxeulis nawilebi da daasaxele.

frinveli cxovelia, misi sxeuli

bumbuliTaa dafaruli.

es pingvini, frinvelia, Tumca

mas frena ar SeuZ­lia. am cxove­
lis sxe­ulic bum­bu­­­li­­­Taa da-
faruli. aqvs frTebi, romleb-­
sac sacuraod farflebiviT iye­
nebs. frinveliviT kvercxs debs,
magram budes ver ikeTebs.

49
 nadirebi
54
amoicani, romeli nadiria da
daasaxele misi saxeli.

nadirebi mtacebeli cxovelebi arian.

isini sxva cxovelebze nadiroben da maTi
xorciT ikvebebian. nadirTa sxeuli da-
farulia balniT.
SearCie da daasaxele swori pasuxi:
1. nadiria: Sveli, focxveri, cxvari;
2. nadirTa sxeuli dafarulia:
bumbuliT, qercliT, balniT;
3. mgeli: Rrutunebs, ymuis, Wixvinebs.

50
 Sinauri da gareuli
55
cxovelebi
daakvirdi fotoebs.
daasaxele Sinauri da gareuli cxovelebi.

ZaRli leopardi lomi

vefxvi bati Savardeni

kata mgeli Txa

kurdReli Zroxa qaTami

51
 Seecade daimaxsovro!
bevr cxens erTad rema
hqvia.
es cxenebis remaa! es cxvris faraa!

es Zroxebis naxiria! es mglebis xrovaa!

arian Sinauri da gareuli cxovelebi.

Sinauri cxovelebi adamianis sacxovre-
belTan binadroben, gareuli cxovelebi
ki adamianisgan moSorebiT _ tye-velSi.

52
 dro
56

gamocana:

dRe da Rame mSromelia,

Tumca dadis taatiT;
iTvlis wamebs, iTvlis wuTebs,
Tqvi, ra hqvia?
_ sa...

daasaxele im suraTis nomeri, romelzec

aRniSnulia Tu rogori iyo naZvi warsulSi,
rogoria axla da rogori iqneba momavalSi.

53