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Iee Paper Pid Dfoim
Iee Paper Pid Dfoim
Abstract— Due to many advantages of (DFOIM), it finds vast fuzzy logic controller. To design PID controller the Ziegler-
applicability in diverse fields. But the only problem with them is Nichols (Z-N) method whose design rules are modest and
that the desired and instantaneous speed control under the load organized is espoused.
torque disturbances is a bit difficult and complex. In this paper,
the best solution to the above problem is proposed by II. TYPES OF SPEED CONTROL AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
implementing fuzzy logic (FLC) scheme based controller to tune
PID controller. Here it is further proposed that implementing The nonlinear features of the induction motor make its
Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method for designing the PID controller is control complex. Out of different methods in controlling,
adapted with FLC. The FLC tuned PID controller will give Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) or V/f is the
superior control of speed and also provides sophisticated stability well-known method for speed control with open loop. This
enhancement to DFOIM. The proposed Z-N method utilizes the control schema is most appropriate for applications without
acceleration error and speed error commands to train the FLC, the requirements of position control or the need for high
where the errors are PID controller outputs. In Simulink- precision speed control. Cases of those sorts of applications
MATLAB environment, a Dynamic model for the proposed fuzzy
include heating, air conditioning, fans and blowers. Some
PID control based DFOIM is designed and it is simulated. The
results thus obtained in the simulation of Z-N based PID trained other types of control of induction motor are as follows:
FLC scheme will gives superior control over the speed and x Speed control by changing applied voltage
enhanced stability constraints during load torque disturbances. x Rotor resistance control
x Cascade control
Index Terms—Stability Enhancement, Load Torque, x Pole changing schemes
Disturbances, Robust performance, Hybrid controller, Z-N
Method, PID Controller, FLC. x Stator frequency control
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In the following two ways the classic scheme problems electric circuit due to variable magnetic reluctances and
solved by the Direct field [2] orientated control ,: relative motion.
1) The stator currents flux and torque [1] component are
easily reachable. VII. SIMULINK IMPLEMENTATION
2) In the (d,q) reference frame judged by the torque Usually, simulators like Pspice can analyse electrical
expression, as given in equation-2; facilitates to apply circuits in its steady state model only, but to study electrical
easy direct control of torque [4]. machines the transient analysis is also to be considered. Under
such circumstances Matlab-Simulink finds advantage over
∝ !"# 2 other simulators is the simple modelling procedure and
Constant amplitude of rotor flux [1] (ψ R) is maintained at accurate transient analysis of electrical machines and drives
a fixed value to secure a linear relationship between T (torque) which include drive controls in the process of simulation. Till
and iSq (torque component). Then it will enable the torque [18] the mathematical models and differential equation solving
control by varying the T (torque) and iSq (torque component). experience exists, any drive or control algorithm can be
modelled in Matlab-Simulink.
VI. DYNAMICAL MODELLING OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Per phase equivalent circuit of the [0] induction motor is
only valid in steady-state condition. Electrical transients due
to load changes and stator frequency Variations are neglected
when studying steady state performance of the[10] machine.
In a variable speed drive, transient behavior has to be taken in
to consideration as it incorporates a feedback element in it.
Besides, the dynamic d-q model of the machine incorporates
high-performance drive control schemes. Among the high-
performance drive control schemes, vector control and field
oriented control are predominant.
Dynamic d-q Model. Fig.7.1. Complete Induction Motor Simulink model.
The moving 3-Ф rotor windings [12] with respect to the 3-
Ф stator windings creates complication in the analysis of Some of the recommendations are to use software source
dynamic performance of an A.C. machine as depicted in codes called S-functions, for building Simulink blocks, which
below shown figure 3.1(a). fails to fully utilize the power and ease of
Matlab-Simulink, because access to the model variables
requires programming knowledge in S-function. Implementing
“accelerators” or stand-alone Simulink models in discrete
Simulink blocks, Simulink models can be made to run faster
than S- Functions. These implementations incur additional
costs that can be avoided by reducing simulation speed. The
other way is by using the Sim-Power system block set that can
Fig. 3.1. (a) Coupling effect in (b) Equivalent two-phase be-purchased with Simulink. Sim-Power system block set
three-phase machine affectively utilizes S-functions and is not as that easy to work
Stator and rotor windings as the rest of the Simulink blocks. Earlier [5] a similar
Induction machine is treated as a transformer with a moving implementation approach is presented as that of this paper but
secondary, with a week magnetic coupling, whose value fails to give any details. The description in this paper is carried
depends on rotor position θr. The machine can be [0] described out in an integrated and simple to understand the manner of
by differential equations with time-varying mutual induction motor model in Matlab-Simulink. Dis-similar to
inductances, but such a model tends to be very complex. It is black box models, the implementation of the integrated
to be noted that 3-∅ A.C. machine can be theoretically system, makes each block easy to control the machine
substituted by a two-phase machine as depicted in figure parameters and elucidates the mathematical model equations
3.1(b), where ds and dr correspond to direct axes of stator and within each block respectively.
rotor respectively, qs- qr correspond to quadrature [0] axes of Basically an induction motor will have three-phase
stator and rotor respectively. R.H. Park, formulated a change voltages(V), fundamental frequency(f), and the load
of variables, which, in effect, replaced the variables (V, I torque(TL) as the inputs parameters and the outputs parameters
and) associated with the stator windings of synchronous are, three phase currents(IL), the electrical torque(Te), and the
machine with variables associated with imaginary windings rotor speed(Nr). Two-phase synchronously rotating frame is
rotating with the rotor with synchronous speed. In general, it obtained from all the three-phase time and frequency variables
can be treated that all the stator variables are referred to to acquire the d-q model. Consequently, the Simulink machine
synchronously rotating [12] reference frame fixed in the rotor. model will have transformation blocks for the conversion
With such transformation (termed as park’s transformation), three-phase voltages to the d-q frame and vice-verse. It has
he showed how to eliminate time-varying inductances in five major components;
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1) The o-n conversion block, 2) FUZZY controller Plus PID
2) The abc-syn conversion block, The following curves are obtained using FUZZY plus PID
3) The syn-abc conversion block, controller.
4) The unit vector calculation block and
5) The Induction Machine d-q model block. Torque Vs Time
A. Simulation responses
1) PID controller
The following curves are obtained using PID controller.
Torque Vs Time
Speed Vs Time
Speed Vs Time
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VIII. CONCLUSION [12] SVPWM Based Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive
with Using V/F Control Based 3-Level Inverter at VSRD
The induction motors are widely used in every field, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm.
because of their robust reliable and durable performance. But Engg. Vol. 2 (7), 2012.
the problem with them is that the desired and dynamic speed [13] International Conference on Industrial Technology, Access
control under the load torque fluctuations is a bit difficult and to the IES Annual Conference on IEEE XPLORE on Dec.
here proposed a solution to it by using a hybrid combination of 2006.
a fuzzy logic control (FLC) tuned PID controller scheme for [14] IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume 57,
the proposed strategy for speed control and stability Number 1, Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE Jan
enhancement of a direct field-oriented induction motor 2010.
(DFOIM). Here it is further proposed that the Ziegler-Nichols [15] Digitization of Vector Control Algorithm Using FPGA by
M. P. Priyadarshini, K. G. Dharani, D. Kavitha at
method for designing the PID controller. The FLC is trained
International Journal of Engineering Research &
with the outputs of PID, Which indeed gives appropriate output Technology (IJERT), January- 2013.
torque signals to drive for enhanced robust performance under [16] Design of a Hybrid PID plus Fuzzy Controller for Speed
various states (dynamic, transient and steady-state periods). Control of Induction Motors by T.-J. Ho and L.-Y Yeh at
The FLC is trained based with the outputs of the PID IEEE, 2010.
controller, in which 1st input for the fuzzy is the error in speed, [17] Programmable Logic Controllers Programming Methods.
and the 2nd is acceleration and the output of the FLC is the [18] Programming Methods and Applications by John R.
appropriate torque command to the drive. The results thus Hackwarth and Federick D. Hackwarth.Jr.
obtained in the simulation of Z-N based PID trained FLC [19] Simulative calculation and optimal design of scissor lifting
scheme will gives superior control over the speed and mechanism by Tao Liu, Jian Sun at ACM Digital Libruary.
enhanced stability constraints during load torque fluctuations. [20] Sim-power Course, 2009 from West Virginia.
[21] Design of Fractional Order Controller Based on
IX. REFERENCES Evolutionary Algorithm for a Full Vehicle Nonlinear Active
Suspension Systems, at International Journal of Control and
[0] Power-Electronics-Handbook by RASHID, M.H. 2001. Automation, Vol. 3 No. 4, December, 2010.
[1] Sensor less Field Oriented Control of 3-Phase Induction
Motors by Bilal Akin, Manish Bhardwaj C2000 Systems
and Applications.
[2] Sensor less Field Oriented Control of 3-Phase Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motors by Bilal Akin, Manish
Bhardwaj and Jon Warriner from Texas Instruments C2000
Systems and Applications Team.
[3] Texas Instruments C2000 Systems and Applications Team
on ‘Sensorless Field Oriented Control of 3-Phase Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motors’.
[4] Field Orientated Control of 3-Phase AC-Motors, Literature
Number: BPRA073 from Texas Instruments, Europe
February 1998.
[5] Speed Control of Induction Motor using PID and Fuzzy
Controller by D.Praveen Kumar and D.Sunitha at
International Conference on Computing and Control
Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012.
[6] DTC AND IFOC: Feasibility analysis on torque control
schemes of an Induction Motor by RAMYA R, ABHIJITH
C, SHAMINI RAJU S, ADITYA M BHAT & MADHURA
HILAK at Undergraduate Academic Research Journal
(UARJ), ISSN: 2278 – 1129, Volume-2, Issue-3,4, 2012.
[7] Energy Optimization of Field Oriented Poly-Phase
Induction Motor Drive by Miss. Roma A.Gathe, Mr.
R.D.Jawale, Mr.S.B.Warkad at International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:
2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013.
[8] Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference on IEEE
XPLORE Nov. 2009; tii.ieee-ies.org/conf/IECON/35.htm.
[9] Full text of "Robust Control, Theory and Applications"
ROBUST CONTROL, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
Edited by Andrzej Bartoszewicz, INTECHWEB.ORG.
[10] Full text of "Wind Power" Edited by S. M. MUYEEN.
[11] PID controller From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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