‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬

٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 
 K٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 

- ١٠٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

WIntroduction 8.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.0 %0.5 %‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬،،‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
WSubsurface Exploration Program‫א‬‫א‬ 8.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

 ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WSoil Borings Methods‫א‬ 8.3

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8.3.1
،  ‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KEtest pitF‫א‬
 KE8.1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬  

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‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺣﻔﺮة اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8.1F
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬Ehand augersF‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬E8.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8.2F
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8.3.2
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WRotary Drilling ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EbitF‫א‬
 K‫א‬E8.3F‫א‬،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬WE8.3F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬sampler‫א‬‫א‬

WWash Boring ‫א‬ K٢

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،3.5 m2.0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EcasingF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8.4F‫א‬K
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8.4F
 EBowles, J. E. - 1997F
 
K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
WPercussion Drilling ‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E8.5F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
WContinuous-Flight Auger ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8.5F
 
Soil Sampling‫א‬ 8.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
EFW ‫א‬K‫א‬
Kundisturbed sampleEFdisturbed sample
 
Disturbed sampleEF 8.4.1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
Undisturbed sampleEF 8.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 WSplit-Spoon Method‫א‬‫א‬
E8.6F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K1.5 m،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE8.6F
 (Das, B. M. - 1993)

 WShelby Tubes Method

‫א‬،Thin Wall Tube‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬76.2 mm50.8 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬60 cm‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE8.7F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 WE8.7F
 (Das, B. M. – 1993)
 
 
WField Tests‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8.5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

:ESPTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬0.762 m‫א‬623 N
ENF
15 cm‫א‬‫א‬45 cm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K N‫א‬ 
N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Liao and F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE N ′ F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬EWhitman, 1986
 
  N ′ = C N N F E٨{١F
 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬= N ′
 ‫א‬ = C N
 ‫א‬‫א‬ = N F
 
 W‫א‬
 
1
  CN = E٨{٢F
σ′
 
 KE ton3 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ σ ′ 
ft
E٨{١F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E φ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E Dr F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨{١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  N′  Dr (%)  φ(deg)
 0-5 0-5 26-30
 5-10 5-30 28-35
 10-30 30-60 35-42
 30-50 60-95 38-46

WSubsurface Profile‫א‬‫א‬ 8.6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E8K8F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬E8.9F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8.8F
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
 WE8.9F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٢  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

WSoil Investigation Report‫א‬ 8.7

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
 K‫א‬ E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١١
W‫א‬ E١٢
K ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

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