PROJECT REPORT

(SERIES/PARALLEL MINIATURE)

Submitted by:

U Maalam M. Wisely

Submitted to: Mr. Danilo De Leon

Goal Statement

The goal of this project is to design and create LED miniature

house with the use of the two way of connection; series and parallel
circuits respectively that will give emphasis to the flow of the current
in every component.

Background

LED’S

Light Emitting Diodes, more commonly known as LED’s, were

invented in the second half of the twentieth century. The earliest
LED’s were only able to emit light in the infrared range, and thus their
applications were limited. Since then, LED technology has developed
into the visible spectrum, and LED’s are finding all kinds of
applications, from flashlights to jumbotrons.

LED Benefits

The advantages that LED’s hold over existing lights are both
economic and environmental. Economically, LED’s consume much
less power than both incandescent and fluorescent lights. In terms of
efficiency, LED’s can produce about 90 lumens per watt of power
consumed, and this number is steadily increasing. A standard
incandescent light generally produces a maximum of 20 lumens per
watt, and a standard fluorescent light only produces up to 40 lumens
per watt. In addition, the lifespan of an LED is far longer than that of
other lights. Most manufacturers rate the life of their LED’s at
approximately 100,000 hours, where incandescents are generally
rated for a 1,000 hour life, and fluorescent lights are at 20,000 hours.
This increase in lamp life decreases lamp replacement costs. LED’s
hold a strong environmental advantage over modern fluorescent
lights because production and disposal are environmentally friendly.
Fluorescent lights must contain a certain amount of mercury in order
to work. Mercury is toxic, so fluorescent lights require special
handling for disposal, which adds to their overall cost.