This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized

by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the

information in books and make it universally accessible.

http://books.google.com
 J* S

.#• H- wm

i$& ?v:*:m

.^

-mr\ ^^
47. '//'-

' I
• *
 MADEIRA;
on.

THE SPIRIT OF ANTI-CHRIST IN 1846,

j
AS EXHIBITED IN A SERIES OF OUTRAGES
PERPETRATED IN AUGUST LAST,

BRITISH SUBJECTS

PORTUGUESE PROTESTANT CHRISTIANS.

By J. RODDAM TATE,
ROYAL NAVY.

" If ye were of the world, the world would love his own : but because ye are not of
the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you. If
they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you."—John xt. 19, 20.

LONDON :
JAMES NISBET AND CO. 21, BERNERS STREET.
MDCCCXLVII.
 T. C. JOHNS,
Wine Office Court, Fleet Street.

\
 PREFACE.

At a time when the scourge of God is falling heavily upon

our land, when much of the food is withheld, and we know
not against what He may next send the same secret de
stroyer, —at a time when the cholera seems to be again
nearing our shores, and when the nations of the world are
more than usually unquiet and disturbed, but especially when
we find our house divided against itself by internal "strifes
and divisions" when some do not hesitate to call for the
endowment of Popery in the heart of our Protestant land,—
at such a time, it surely behoves us all to enquire and
search diligently as to the true character of the Church of
Rome in this, the nineteenth century. And having done
so, with much prayer for guidance from above, let us deter
mine each one for himself, whether any approximation to
such a system is honouring to God, or safe to ourselves,
either as a nation or as individuals.
In order to discover its true character, we must examine
it in a country, where Popery is dominant. In England,
God be praised, she has not the power to indulge her natural
propensities. She therefore hides her claws, and appears
peaceful, meek, and lamb -like. Yet when we contemplate
the intolerance, springing up in the bosom of our own
country, towards every kind of dissent, while she seems
ready to foster the great Romish apostacy, we cannot fail to
recognize the very spirit of Rome, twisting and insinuating
herself amongst us to serve her sinister ends. She once
came openly with her chains—her wheels—her racks—her
whips— backed by the vaunted "invincible armada." She
seems now to be coming in a very different way, — she is
coming in her serpent-like form, in all deceivableness of
unrighteousness.
 IV PREFACE.

Madeira exhibits a specimen of undisguised Popery in the

present day, and the persecutions there carried on are
models of what would be carried on under similar circum
stances in any part of the world, lying under the enslaving
and debasing influence of the Church of Rome. 'We have
but to glance an eye over the history of the native Protes
tants in that Island, to perceive in the introduction and
spread of the Bible an immediate cause of persecution.
No sooner is it read and studied by the people, than the
priests and rulers are up in arms, viewing its circulation
with the most rancorous feelings of implacable animosity.
War is declared as well against those who distribute, as
against those who read the sacred volume. The times of
trial come — the furnace is heated. No species of persecution
is left untried. They have trial of cruel mockings and
scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment. They
are stoned, they are beaten, they are trampled on ; their
houses are plundered and burnt down—they wander about
destitute, afflicted, tormented (of whom the world is not
worthy) ; they wander in deserts and in mountains, and in
dens and caves of the earth. Others are tortured and slain,
" not accepting deliverance, that they might obtain a better
resurrection." Such things may well be called a furnace.
I had the happiness of seeing many of these come out of
that furnace refined and purified. They glorified the Lord
their God in the fires. I saw them driven from the homes
of their fathers, and parting with their earthly all, yet
taking joyfully the spoiling of their goods, and rejoicing
that they were counted worthy to suffer for the name of
Jesus.
In England, when we hear the Church of Rome described
in the language of prophecy, as the woman sitting on the
seven mountains, * drunken with the blood of the saints,
and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus, we are apt to
associate the words with the past, rather than the present
character of the great apostacy. Our minds revert to the
* Rev. xv ii.
 PREFACE. V

slaughter of the Waldenses and Albigenses, the massacre of

St. Bartholomew's day in France, the dark scenes of torture
and bloodshed formerly enacted in the dungeons of the
Inquisition in Spain and Italy, or to the fires of Smithfield,
that blazed in Queen Mary's reign in our own country.
These we regard as the horrors of a bygone age, and
fondly hope they can never be repeated. We cherish the
thought that with advancing light and civilization, the genius
of Popery has become milder and more humane. We might
indulge this charitable hope, did she exhibit no other face
than is to be seen here. Thanks to the liberty of con
science, and religious toleration enjoyed in this land, of which
the Romish Church (so loath to give) is not slow to avail
herself, she dares not promote persecution, of which she
might fall the first victim. But let her only have a stage,
on which she can display her native fierceness without check
or restraint, and the will is shown with a return of the power
to persecute. Nor can it be otherwise, while she is true to
her own pretensions. She claims infallibility, and is un
changed and unchangeable. What she has once done she
will do again, if permitted. She scorns to retrace her steps,
for that would admit that she has been in error. A melan
choly proof of the unceasing virulence of Rome, and her
hatred of the light, is seen in the following account of
what happened in Madeira only in August last. I offer
a plain statement of facts. There are living witnesses to
the truth of all my statements. The exiles from their
native land in Trinidad and other West India Colonies (for
whose benefit the profits, if any, of this little work will
be devoted), are proofs of the cruel necessity laid upon
them, of leaving their earthly all, before the persecuting
spirit of Anti- christ.
I was present at the scenes described, and write, as an
eye-witness, with the realities before me,—
Quseque ipse miserrima vidi,
Et quorum pars magna fui.
I would now leave the reader to peruse and judge for
VI PREFACE.

himself; and seeing these things are so, simply to ask,

whether they are not a most convincing proof that the
Church of Home loves darkness rather than light, because
her deeds are evil ; and conscious of doing evil, hateth the
light, neither cometh to the light, lest her deeds should be
reproved. * " O my soul, come not thou into their secret ;
unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united." f

• John iii. 19, 20. t Gen. xlix. 6.

4

St. Lbonard's-on-Sea,
January, 1847.

N. B.—In applying the epithet " Anti-christ " to Rome,

we do not suppose that in every individual case, where
this term occurs in Scripture, the Papal power is intended ;
for there is not one only, but " there are many anti-christs."
But the term is used according to its literal sense, "instead
of, or in the place of Christ," as pre-eminently applicable
to the master-piece of Satan — the great Anti-Christian
apostacy—" the Man of Sin," who " opposeth and exalteth
himself above all that is called God, or that is worshiped,
so that he, as God, sitteth in the temple of God, shewing
himself that he is God."
 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
page
The Angustias Outrage ; ob, Midnight Attack on
the Misses Rutherfurd's Residence—Ignorance of the
People in 1838 — Schools opened — Bibles circulated — A
peasant excommunicated — Schools and Scriptures opposed
by the Priests—Illegal arrest of Scholars at the Serra—Cruel
treatment—Twenty months' imprisonment—and honourable
acquittal—Enemies exasperated at acquittal—Brutal attacks
—Pamphlet against Dr. Kalley, and his answer—Merchants
forming a cause of jealousy—Discontent of the Peasantry—
Emigration—Riot at the Angustias, by a mob headed by
Priests; and midnight attack on the Residence of English
Ladies—Two men arrested in the act of outrage, and dis
charged—Consul refuses to interfere—Bands of ruffians parade
the town in triumph—Consequences of Canon Telles's out
rageous conduct 1

CHAPTER II.
The " Quinta das Angustias" blockaded, and Continu
ance of Insults and Injuries to British Subjects—
Conduct of the Consul and the Governor—The English
left at the will of a mob—Continual attacks on all persons
entering or leaving the Angustias—Threats against British
Subjects—Impudent letter from the Governor, and daring
threat of the Police-magistrate—Unsatisfactory interview with
the Consul—-Dr. Kalley writes to the Governor, and British
Consul—-Interview with the Governor—Threats increase —
Reflections on a suffering world, and a suffering Church - 22

CHAPTER III.
Outrageous Attack on the Residence of Dr. K alley ;
FOLLOWED BY HIS FORCIBLE EXPULSION FROM MADEIRA
Dr. Kalley places himself under the Consul's protection—
—Guard stationed at his door—Treachery of the Soldiers—
Vlll CONTENTS.
PAGE
Midnight assassins — He flees for his life—Arrives at the
Pinheiros in disguise—Consul, in spite of all warnings,
absent in the country—Governor not at home—Mob assem
bles in front of Cathedral—Is joined by the Police-magistrate
—Marches to the Doctor's house—Breaks it open, plunders,
and burns the property—Governor, Consul, Police-magis
trate, and Guard of soldiers present—Consul urges his
departure—Dr. Kalley reluctantly consents—Is conveyed in
disguise to the beach, and to the Steamer—Dangers by the
way—British Flag insulted—British Consulate invaded—
Native Protestants driven to the mountains—Trying position
of English Ladies—Guilt of the Portuguese Authorities - 42

CHAPTER IV.

British Subjects driven Afloat and into the Consulate

for Protection; and Native Converts seeking Refuge
under the British Flag — Feelings on Dr. Kalley's
Expulsion—His previous conduct—Threats extended to all
in any way connected with him—Placard posted on the
Governor's Palace—Thirteen British subjects driven afloat,
and two families into the Consulate—Strange conduct of the
Consul and Judge —Native Protestants driven from their
homes—Cruel sufferings in the mountains—Seek refuge in
the ship William—Brutal Murder and Outrages—Pleasing
traits in their character — The William sails—Cause of their
persecution 62

CHAPTER V.

Dismissal of the Portuguese Authorities; Discovery of

Stolen Property in the possession of Canon Telles ;
and Present State of Madeira—The British Ambassador
enters his protest at Lisbon—Portuguese Commission sent
out—Forced resignation of the Governor-—Dismissal of the
Police-magistrate — British Government proceedings — Dr.
Kalley's private journal, & c. found in Canon Telles's posses
sion —The new Governor refuses to deliver up the Doctor's
property, or proceed against the thieves—Uncomfortable
state of the English, who talk of leaving — Interesting
anecdote of a half-burnt Testament—Threatened persecution
of the Native Protestants—Bishop's Conduct to the arrested
rioters — His extraordinary Pastoral — Perilous Times —
Cheerful Prospect to the Believer—The Lord is at hand - 83
 CHAPTER I.

THE ANGUSTIAS OUTRAGE ; OR, MIDNIGHT ATTACK ON THE

MISSES RUTHERFURD's RESIDENCE.

"But the Jews, which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them
certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and set
all the city in an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and sought
to bring them out to the people. • . And they troubled the people and
the rulers of the city."—Acts xvii. 5, 8.

Before entering upon the outrages perpetrated in

Madeira in August 1846, it will be necessary to go
back a little in the history of the persecution conse
quent upon the spread of the Bible among the peasantry
of that Island, in order that we may arrive at the
causes, which seemed more immediately to induce
them.
Our readers are no doubt aware of the lamentable
state of ignorance in which Dr. Kalley found the people
on his arrival in October 1838, and of his unceasing
exertions to raise them from their abject condition.
The Bible had, indeed, been introduced many years
before by various individuals, with the approbation of
the Government,* but to the people at large it was

* The Bible circulated in Madeira was that translated by a Romish

Priest, Antonio Pereira de Figueredo, long authorized by the Church
of Rome, and the very edition, which received ihe sanction of Her
Majesty the Queen and the Patriarch Archbishop of Portugal.
Eighty volumes of this editon were admitted into Madeira by
the Government, duty free, for the use of the Priests, and the few
B
" a well shut up, a fountain sealed," while not a few
were ignorant of its very existence. The efforts of the
Doctor was eminently successful, and a spirit of enquiry
was soon awakened. Bibles were purchased in large
numbers, and carried to the distant corners of the Island.
Schools were opened for those, who wished to learn to
read. The history of Jesus, written by the Apostles
themselves, and the tidings of the love of God, as
manifested in giving his Son to die for sinners, possessed
such powerful attractions, that old men and women
were found learning by the side of their children and
their grand-children, in order that they might, with
their own eyes, peruse the wonderful Words of God.
An English Clergyman, who spent some time in Madeira,
when giving a short account of the proceedings at this
time, says, " I have been present at the examination of
some of the scholars, and it was indeed most gratifying
to witness the delight with which they exercised their
newly acquired power, and the intense interest, with
which they listened to the instructions of Dr. Kalley.
It is, I believe, no exaggeration to say, that hundreds
of the people, who before were almost as ignorant as
the beasts they drove, are now intelligent readers of the
Bible."
A desire to investigate the life-giving truths of the
Gospel spread widely among the people. They began
to- hunger and thirst after knowledge. Their souls
were touched by the Spirit of Christ. The seed took
root and grew—was watered from on high, and soon
became fruitful. To one sinner after another the Word
came home with demonstration and with power. In
the course of reading the Scriptures, they met with

Government schools that existed in the Island. But it was rare at

this time to meet a peasant who knew of the existence of a history of
Jesus, written by the eye witnesses of his miracles, and when the Bible
began to be examined by the people, the Priests declared it was o
book from hell, and the Bishop excommunicated, ipso facto, all who
read it !
many things inconsistent with the religious tenets which
they had received from their fathers. Some applied to
their Priests for a solution of their difficulties, and,
becoming gradually accustomed to the exercise of their
mental powers, were often dissatisfied with the answers
given to their enquiries. The Priests were annoyed
when they found themselves . surpassed, as they fre
quently were, in the knowledge of the Word of God,
by their own parishioners, and ere long began to oppose,
both the schools and the Scriptures. One intelligent
peasant, having seen that Popery was inconsistent with
Revelation, became a Protestant, and was soon after
excommunicated.
The Church of Rome, in her intolerance and bigotry,
holds in chains every child baptized within her pale,
and however unconsciously the infant may have been
made a papist, a papist it must continue for life, or
be liable to prosecution for apostacy, the penalty for
which, in countries where Popery has the power, is
death,* and not death only, but, as the tombs of the

* The Constitutional Charter of Portugal expressly" declares that

" no one shall be prosecuted on account of his religion, provided he
respect that of the State." But notwithstanding the Charter, Dr
Kalley, (when illegally imprisoned in 1843), was denied bail, on the
plea that the offences laid to his charge—abetting heresy and apostacy,
were punishable with death. And Maria Joaquina was actually con
demned to death for blasphemy, heresy, and apostacy, on the 2nd May,
1844. She appealed to the Court of Relacao in Lisbon, and the sentence
was there reduced to three months' imprisonment, and a fine of six
dollars ; but the form of the sentence of that Court is very remark
able. It declared that the Judges confirmed the sentence appealed
from— the sentence of death for blasphemy, heresy, and apostacy,—but
added that as the defendant had been indicted only for blasphemy, she
could not be competently condemned for heresy and apostacy. And,
therefore, they limited the sentence, thus plainly declaring that, if
she had been indicted for the other crimes, they would have confirmed
the sentence in all its horrible extent. Maria Joaquina was impri
soned on the 31st of Jan. 1843, condemned 2nd May, 1344, her appeal
to Lisbon was decided in February 1845, the decision reached .Madeira
in April 1845; she was released in July 1845. She actually suffered
twenty-three months' imprisonment on a three months' sentence.
B %
 martyrs in our own land testify, death in the most ap
palling form that human cruelty can invent.
Besides being excommunicated, the peasant referred
to was thus indicted for apostacy. He lay concealed
for about a year ; and then, being convinced by the
pleading of the Public Prosecutor in an analogous
case, that the Charter of Portugal does not now sanc
tion the ancient cruelties of Popery, he left his hiding
place, and taught an evening school in the Lombo das
Fayas, in the parish of St. Antonio de Serra. One
night, during the hours of instruction, a party of men,
led by the Church beadle, came to the school with a
fictitious warrant, for the apprehension of the teacher.
But as it was not issued by a legal authority, and it
was brought moreover at an illegal hour, the teacher
most properly refused to obey it. His scholars took
part with him. Many of their relations and friends
collected; and the bearers of the illegal warrant were
obliged to withdraw without the teacher, but also, it
must be added, without having been subjected to the
slightest violence.
The conduct of the scholars was represented as
"sedition and resistance of justice," and the Public
Prosecutor denounced them as Miguelites led on by Dr.
Kalley ! On that day week, the Judge and public
Prosecutor, with a Notary, and about sixty soldiers
proceeded at night to the Lombo das Fayas. The
houses of the scholars, chiefly Bible readers, were
broken open — thirty men and women were taken
prisoners—most of them were bound—many of them
were beaten, and some of them very severely—and their
houses were given up to be sacked by the soldiers, who
committed the most horrible atrocities. With scarcely
any clothes on (for they had been roused from their beds
by the soldiers) twenty-two of them were conveyed to
Funchal in a Portuguese Frigate, which to complete the
melancholy farce, was sent to support the operations of
the soldiers, (!!!) and there committed to prison. In
prison they were denied liberty to read the Word of God;
and, though mass had not been performed in it for years,
it was now found useful as a means of persecution, and
they were driven to mass at the point of the bayonet. But
in the midst of all, they rejoiced in being counted worthy
to suffer for Christ, and the neighbourhood of the prison
often resounded with their . sacred songs of praise. Even
the liberty to sing these songs of praise was after a time
denied them, while the other prisoners were still allowed
to make the streets around echo with their ribald mirth ;
and the Priests enraged at their steady peacefulness and
joy, stirred up the enmity of the popalace against them !
For upwards of twenty long months did these twenty-
two Serra prisoners lie pining in the gaol of Funchal,
supported by English generosity. At the end of this
period, they were brought to trial, and the facts
of the case proved to be exactly as stated above.
Though the Judge and public Prosecutor showed
no disposition to be lenient towards them, they were
honorably acquitted of every charge. But notwithstand
ing their full and honorable acquittal, they were remanded
to prison, till they shouldfully pay the gaol fees. On their
acquittal being pronounced, their enemies were ex
asperated to the highest degree, and threatened that,
on their release from prison, they should all be murdered ;
and open violence soon broke forth. On the very
evening of their liberation, when the Host was being
carried in procession past a poor Protestant's house, his
door was broken open and destroyed, by persons who
were accompanying the Host ! On the same day another
poor man, father of six or seven children, (and who had
only five months before had his house wilfully burnt to
the ground) was quietly going home, when he was
cruelly attacked and knocked down. His arm was
broken by the first blow—four wounds in the head laid
bare the bone—his nose was nearly knocked off, and the
very women bit him, as he lay on the ground ; one of
them all but tearing a piece from his cheek with her
 G

teeth! The Serra prisoners had been all (with one

exception) acquitted of every charge. It had been long
known that that one could prove an alibi on the night
of the alleged resistance of justice, and to prevent his
escape, a charge of heresy had been brought against
him. Two days after they had all been acquitted on
the general charge, he was tried on that of heresy, and,
as if to appease the angry passions of the infatuated
slaves of the priesthood, and to gratify the Priests,
he was actually condemned to five years' banishment
to Angola, for having declared that, while he deeply
respected the Sacrament, he could not believe that the
consecrated bread is the very body of God.
The sentence of the prisoners from the Lombo das
Fayas was given on the 4th June, about six weeks after
my arrival in Madeira, and was evidently the cause of
much excitement among the enemies of the sacred
Scriptures. The Priests and their friends took advantage
of such events to stir up the evil passions of the people.
In 1843, the Impartial, one of the public newspapers,
(edited at the time by the brother-in-law of the person,
who was then Civil Governor,) openly recommended
the cudgel, as the best means of convincing the
country people of the truth of their religion, because
they were not accustomed to arguments, but could under
stand the power of a stick. The gallows and the stake
were also at another time recommended in it, as the
only remaining cure for heresy, and its columns were
constantly filled with scurrilous and inflammatory remarks
against the Bible and its readers. There was an associate
too of the Editor, who, having seemingly collected all the
falsehood and abuse of the Impartial for several preceding
years, published it in 1845, in the form of a pamphlet,
entitled, " An Historical Review of the Anti-Catholic
Proselytism, carried on by Dr. Kalley in Madeira, since
October 1838." This was currently reported to have
been printed at the recommendation of the Bishop, and
was published by subscription, just in time for him to
carry copies of it to Lisbon in the beginning of 1846.
On his leaving Madeira, he is said to have declared that
he would now get Dr. Kalley turned off the island,
adding, that he would never return, unless he suc
ceeded in doing so. To this pamphlet, Dr. Kalley
wrote a most temperate, but unanswerable reply, prov
ing from the words of his opponent's own book, that
the charges he had adduced were unfounded. This
reply was printed in Lisbon, and circulated there, and
in Madeira in July 1846. Its very gentleness rendered
it more intolerable to the Author of the attack, who
along with his friends, while they felt that some answer
should be given to the Doctor, did not attempt to do
so by the press. It is hard to say what influence the
friendship subsisting between him and the Adminis-
trador do Concelho may have had in the events related
in the following pages. But when, these events were
first threatened, they were spoken of by some of his
friends, as the best answer that could be given.
There were however other causes of jealousy between
the Portuguese and English at Madeira, which must not
be altogether passed over, and but for which the priests
would probably not have dared to urge on the infatuated
mob to the pitch of breaking into the residence of
British subjects. They would not have dared, as they
did for a time, to trample in the dust the rights,
privileges, and honor of the British Nation. Some of
the English merchants, in times of decreased, and seem
ingly still decreasing, shipments of their wines, had lately
taken to farming ; and, under the faith of former Treaties,
but particularly of the last Treaty of peace, made pur
chases of large tracts of land in the mountains. And
this too, I am told, to an extent, which had awakened the
envy of the Portuguese Gentry, who declared that the
English wanted to turn them out of the Island. For
though they were all glad enough to get the English
purchase money, that was soon spent ; and they became
envious of the possessions they had parted with, when
 8

they saw their despised wastes covered with country

houses, pleasure grounds, plantations, and already in
many instances luxuriant crops. But the great and
paramount object of jealousy was the appalling excess
of discontent among the peasantry, who were in large
numbers abandoning the Island, for the British West
India Colonies. These peasants were almost driven to
despair by hunger, misgovernment, and excessive muni
cipal duties on all the first necessaries of life, and they
had the mortification to see funds, so wrung from them,
spent by the municipal corporations in objects of general
ridicule. This emigration was also owing in a great
measure to the galling oppression of the landlords, and
their factors ; the old feudal system still prevailing, by
which the peasant cultivates the land, and gives half
the produce to the landlord. The grinding oppression,
which this division admits of, has already, it is
calculated, caused upwards of 40,000 of these poor
oppressed people to leave the Island, while just before
I left it myself, vessels, capable of carrying 3000
more, were at anchor in the roads. The dense over
population of Madeira did not at first make this
desertion of the peasantry very visible, but latterly
it had become almost destructive to many estates,
particularly on the north side of the Island, where
several were nearly deserted, and where the estates
of the Civil Governor principally lie. Now the blame
of all this was laid at the door of the British merchants,
who were the principle consignees of these vessels, and
who certainly made large sums by the shipments. The
sum of thirty dollars, or six pounds five shillings sterling,
had been, and I believe, still is allowed by the Govern
ments of Demerara, Trinidad, and other colonies for
each emigrant landed, so that, to the galling reflections
of the Portuguese proprietors, in seeing their estates
abandoned, was added the irritation of seeing the English
making so much money through their misfortunes. And
it is a fact that at least half these poor people are shipped
 9

off clandestinely, to avoid the expense and difficulty of

procuring them, passports.
Thus was a pile of combustible matter laid, which
required but a spark to set it in a blaze. But with
a prudent man as Governor, and one resolved to check
every thing that tended to an outbreak, none would
have been found daring enough to apply the match.
It was only on a change of Ministry, when no fit
person was ready for the government of Madeira, and
in an evil hour, one of the landed proprietors was
appointed as temporary Governor, that an incendiary
agent was found. Long known to all for his weakness
and incapacity, if not for his anti-English principles,
one of the Governor's first acts was to appoint as head
of the Police (Administrador do Concelho) a rich advocate
of still more decided prejudices against the English.
Both had been heard to say in private conversation,
that if ever they got into power, they would not rest
satisfied till Dr. Kalley was driven from the Island !
and the brother of the former, far wiser than himself,
had cautioned him not to undertake a government,
which he had not capacity to conduct, and which in
volved such serious responsibilities. With such an
inefficient man for Governor, and to say the least,
such a violently prejudiced one for Police Magistrate,
all restraint seemed broken down, and each person dis
played his enmity, in his own peculiar way. The jea
lousy of the medical men had long been excited by the
eminent professional success of the English Doctor. The
Priests, ever seeking despotic power over the bodies and
souls of men, were loud in their cry against Protestant
Christians ; and thinking this a fitting time to renew
their old grudge against Dr. Kalley, thus raised a
hue and cry against a man who was living in perfect
accordance with the laws of the country: while the
Government, conscious of its own weakness, and anxious
to secure the support of the Priesthood, shut their
eyes to their crimes, and co-operated in their perse
 10

cutions; and men of influence employed that influence,

and their money too, to stir up the evil passions of the
people.
We need not be surprised, that under such a com
bination of circumstances, an enemy should have dared
to undertake the attack. Conego Telles, a dignitary
of the Church of Rome and a Jesuit, educated in England,
was the first to excite the mob to open violence. This
he did on the 2nd of August, 1846, on the occasion of
Miss Rutherfurd giving permission to a Portuguese gen
tleman, to meet a few friends, in the " Quinta das
Angustias," which she was occupying with her sisters,
as a summer residence. The object of the meeting
was prayer, praise, reading the sacred Scriptures, and
the perusal of a letter from a common friend in England.
Between thirty and forty came together for these
ends, on the morning of the 2nd of August, and at
half-past twelve the meeting separated. On Senhor
Arsenio, reaching the outer gate of the grounds, he met
Conego Telles and a younger Priest in Canonicals, with
a mob of people. The Canon stood in his way, and
thrust an image in his face, bidding him to " kiss it,"
and " adore his God." Senhor Arsenio calmly replied,
"why do you interfere with a peaceable citizen?'' The
Priest then called him "heretic," "renegade," "apostate,"
with other irritating expressions, which failed however
in calling forth any similar ones in return, for "when
he was reviled, he reviled not again." * The next
act of the Canon was a direct breach of the peace. He
violently knocked off Senhor Arsenio's hat, and by his
gestures and action excited and urged on the mob to
similar conduct. At length, after much ill treatment,
the gentlem'an escaped through the mob, together with
three or four others who ventured to follow. Shortly after
wards, a young man, attempting to leave, was brutally
attacked, and with difficulty retreated again within the
gates. The rest were compelled for personal safety
* 1 Peter ii. 23.
 11

to remain, and it was not the will, nor could it have

been in the heart of an English or a Christian lady, to
force them from the premises, to experience the certain
cruelty of a mob, led on and exasperated by a Priest
and Canon of their Cathedral Church. The whole day
the gate was besieged, and the most threatening language
used against the Misses Rutherfurd and the people under
their roof. During the afternoon, Dr. Kalley, who was
professionally attending Miss Rutherfurd's invalid sister,
but was unaware of any disturbance, till near the house,
rode up to the gate; and, as he had heard that the
patient was not so well on the previous evening, felt
that, though it might offend the mob, it was his duty to
enter. The mob hooted him, and used many insulting
threats as he went in ; and to these, threatening actions
were added as he came out. They seized, and violently
beat his groom, declaring they would kill him, if he
dared to follow his master. He accordingly ran home,
trembling and aghast, to Santa Luzia, with the report that
he had left his master in the midst of a murderous mob.
The Doctor himself rode through the mob unhurt, some
even taking off their hats to him, and one or two muttering
their disapprobation of " such a reward for doing good."
The mob would, no doubt, have tired before night, and
dispersed, had they not been urged to remain by the
unholy example of the Canon, who, instead of leaving
the neighbourhood, continued, with other Priests, to
go about among the crowd, till night. It is also worthy
of remark, that though the police were on the spot
during the afternoon, they did not disperse the mob,
nor was even an attempt made to do so, before leaving
the ground at sunset ! There was no patrol during the
night ! no police kept in readiness to repress any
outbreak on the part of the people.
Having heard late in the afternoon of the painful
situation, in which the Misses Rutherfurd were placed
by the threatening attitude of the mob, I rode down to
the Angustias, with a view to afford them any pro
 12

tection, counsel, or comfort in my power, as well as

to watch the further motions of the people. I arrived
at half-past six, when I found that the police had been
withdrawn. The Canon, however, with various other
Priests, was on the ground, and an unusual number of
persons were walking and talking in the neighbourhood.
I accordingly resolved upon returning at ten, and remain
ing in the house during the night, should my presence
be required by the ladies, under the circumstances in
which they were placed. Soon after ten 1 returned, at
which time Conego Telles was seen in the road, with a
crowd of people talking in groups around the gate.
Through them x was permitted to ride in quietly, but
not, as we afterwards discovered, without much con
sultation on the subject amongst the ringleaders of the
mob. Being out on the balcony about eleven o'clock,
when the silvery moon was shining peacefully through
the trellis of the verandah, and all nature quietly reposing
in the solemn stillness of the night, the sound of human
voices warned us that the mob had come within the
gates. We now perceived a number of men, armed
with bludgeons, standing at the front door, and at once
warned them off the grounds. Miss Rutherford addressed
them in Portuguese, using every argument to induce
them to retire. She reminded then1 that their appear
ance there at such an hour, and :!r such an attitude,
was contrary to all law, while their conduct was seriously
endangering the life of an invalid lady. She cautioned
them to beware of illegal proceedings ; she told them
that they might surround the house, and wait for day
light; or send for the police, if they suspected there
was any criminal within, for to the police, with • a legal
warrant, she would open the door, the instant the sun
was up. The people were at the same time assured that
the case would be represented in the morning to Her
Britannic Majesty's Representative at Funchal. To this
they replied, that " they did not care for the English
Consul"—" there was no law for the Calvinists"—and
 13

" they could appeal to the Governor." * " They had

a right," they said, " to do what they liked, and all the
Portuguese in that house should die." They then
insisted on immediate entrance, or that the Portuguese
should be delivered up to their vengeance. Both were,
of course, refused, when they declared their intention
to force their way ; with the threat that, if they did so,
every soul they found within should die. A low whistle
was given by the ringleaders, which was immediately
answered by a further rush of men, who now amounted
to fifty or sixty, armed with clubs and bludgeons. Seeing
all remonstrance vain—that the people were partially
intoxicated by liquor, and were now planting their
comrades in all directions round the Quinta, we retired
from the balcony into the house, shutting and bolting
the windows as we went. Having done this, we repaired
to the chamber of the invalid, and committed ourselves
unreservedly to the care of Him, who alone could over
rule the will of His enemies, and make the wrath of man
to praise him.
In a short time, the smashing of the windows, and
crash of the bludgeons or the door, announced that the
money and liquor of the enemy were fearfully doing their
work, f Amidst the yells of the mob, the cry was still
heard for admittance ; when Miss Rutherford again
addressed them in that calm, gentle, temperate, yet firm
and dignified manner, which distinguished her conduct
through the night. One of the ringleaders desired her
to speak in English, but she answered, that " she spoke
not for his ear only, but for those of all that were
present." She then, in the most courteous way begged

* The subsequent conduct of the Governor fully confirmed the ideas

the ruffians had been led to form of him.
t The money paid on this occasion was in small sums of 0 bits
(fifteen pence) and upwards. This I have from 1 elatives of those who
actually received payment. That paid to the ringleaders on the occa
sion of the outrage on Dr. [valley's residence was in much greater sums
—large subscriptions having, I was given to understand, been raised
among the Priests and men of property.
 14

them to withdraw, urging the danger they were

incurring by so acting in violation of the law. " Nag
ha leis pelos Calvinistas," (there are no laws for
Calvinists) was the instant reply, (shewing that
the impression produced by the long preceding
course of authorized persecution was that Christians
were outlawed by the fact of being readers of the
Word of God,) with a further threat, that, if the
door were not immediately opened, they would burn
the house to the ground! Another smash of windows
followed, and one of the mob called out aloud, "he
wilhor a senhora retirar, en vou matalla," {you had
letter retire, Fll kill you). Miss Rutherfurd sprang back,
and a huge stone fell upon the spot, which she had occu
pied but the moment before. The smashing at the door
was now resumed with fearful violence, and repeated at
short intervals. As each blow fell upon the windows and
door, and resounded through the house, a shudder
passed over the invalid's weakly frame. And though
I am sure there was hardly a thought of self within
her, yet so deep was the sympathy evinced for her
suffering sisters in Christ, that we expected every mo
ment would have severed the spirit from the body,
and called it from a stormy world, to " where the wicked
cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest." * Each
crash seemed like an electric shock, pervading every
nerve ; so true is it that " we, being many, are one
body in Christ, and every one members one of another." f
Thus when " one member suffers, all the members suffer
with it." % Meanwhile Miss Rutherfurd and Clarke,
her English maid, were exerting themselves to conceal
the poor Christians from the anticipated murderous
attack. They consisted almost exclusively of women ;
of harmless, quiet, inoffensive females ! But they were
Protestants —they had not been to mass, nor had they

* Job iii. 17. f Kom. xii. 5. % 1 Cor. xii. 26.

 15

lately paid the fees of confession.* And so their sex

was no protection from the bludgeon of the ruffian !
They were marked out by the priesthood for vengeance,
and the end was to justify the means. For their
greater security, they were hurried into the kitchen,
at the remote end of the house ; that being the apart
ment likely to be last reached by the assailants, and
from which there was a stair-door down to the garden.
All but a poor blind man were shut in here, and he,
perhaps the happiest of the party, was put under a
bed in a spare room, over which some dresses were
carelessly thrown to conceal him from view. He was told
that there was no help but in his God, and that he
must plead with Him, to put out His arm and save him.
We also commended the whole of our party to the
care of our heavenly Father, praying that He would
be to each of us individually a very present help in
this our time of trouble ; that He would teach us to
pray, that He would help our unbelief and confirm our
faith, and above all, that He would uphold us, so that
not one of our number, for any pains of death, should
fall from him. The seats were then removed from the
room, in which the meeting had been held. Bibles and
bonnets were put out of the way, so that no additional
cause for excitement might inflame the rabble as they
entered. Still crash succeeded crash, and blow suc
ceeded blow ! what a contrast, thought I, between
those without, and those within the house! Here was
peace and confidence ; there violence and hatred. Here
was the voice of Him who is love itself, and who
had permitted the storm to rise, whispering into each

* A few weeks before this outrage, a poor man, attending confes

sion, tendered to the Priest a bit and a half, ( or sevenpence halfpenny,)
which he had with some difficulty reserved from his daily earnings,
when the Priest turned round with an oath, and "hoped he might
turn as black as his hat, if he would ever confess a man for less than
a pistoreen {or tenpence) .'" The man returned with the additional
half-bit, but declared it should be his last attendance at confession.
 16

one's ear, " It is I: be not afraid, my grace is suffi

cient for thee;" there was the voice of Satan, urging
on his slaves, to deeds of darkness and of blood. Here,
in a word, was Christ ; there was Anti-Christ.
Here, the seed of the woman; there the seed of the
serpent. Alas, how true ! it was not against their coun
trymen as men, that their hatred, their rage, their
violence had been raised, for many of these had come
from the country, and were personally unknown. It
was not against them, but against " Christ in them."
It was Jesus who»i they persecuted. After a few more
crashing blows, the door of the house flew open. Still
none dared enter. Portuguese cowardice, ready enough
to attack the helpless aged female, and the blind, shrank
from encountering an unknown danger in the dark. The
ruffians sent for lights, which they made " little boys "
carry in their front ! ! They then searched every room
in the lower part of the house, but in vain. Their
victims were not there.
Soon after midnight, just as arrangements were com
pleted above, lights were distinguished on the stair
case, and almost immediately they entered the drawing
room. Off this room was the invalid's chamber, and
thither the rioters directed their course. Six or eight
of the ruffians, preceded by boys carrying lights, flash
ing in their faces, daringly entered the room, and
demanded the Portuguese ; placing, by this act of
reckless cruelty, the life of a defenceless invalid lady,
guiltless of crime, in the most imminent danger. They
were informed that the Portuguese were not there, and
would not be given up; and desired, moreover, not
to come farther into the sick lady's room. They whis
pered together for a few minutes, (every moment of
which must have been an agony to the ladies), and
then went grumbling and muttering away. A guard
being left in the drawing room,- they proceeded in search
of their victims—a rather tedious process by the way,
in a house with twenty bedrooms, and six sitting rooms,
 17

besides a chapel, and closets of all kinds. At length

we heard the yell of triumph. The victims had been
found. Resistance was not thought of, but they were
all on their knees in prayer to God. One was
seized—his head laid open to the bone, and himself
thrown over the bannisters to the ground. Here the
mob were beating him with clubs, and dragging him
out to be murdered in the garden, " for it is a less
crime," said they, "to kill him there." At the very
moment of opening the door, by which to drag out
their intended victim, the police and soldiers entered,
thus catching them in the very act of outrage, and
intended murder, in a British subject's house. The
mob were asked by what authority they had entered
that house, to which they replied, that, "they did not
care for authority or law." Two of the ruffians were
then secured, marched off, and lodged in gaol. The
rest fled through the house, making the ladies fancy
for a moment that either the poor victims were rushing
to us for shelter, or that the villains were returning to
add us to the number of their prey. We soon dis
covered that the police were in possession of the kitchen,
and taking our party under their charge, they conducted
them in safety to their homes. No sooner had the in
valid heard of the safety of Christ's little flock, than
nature showed herself completely exhausted. The spirit
indeed was strong, but the flesh was weak. She fell
into a state of complete insensibility, from which she
had not recovered when I left the house in the morn
ing. The noise had, it appeared, been heard in the
town, but no force was in readiness to quell distur
bance ; or in ten minutes they might have reached the
Angustias. The two policemen, who heard the noise,
were insufficient to face a mob ; they hurried off, there
fore, for military aid. Thus not the foresight of the
Magistrate, no/ the vigilance of the Government, but
the length of time spent in searching the house, and
the native cowardice of the Portuguese, were instru
 IN

mental in the hands of an All-wise and All-merciful

Providence, towards bringing deliverance to his perse
cuted, but not forsaken ones.
In the morning, at the request of Miss Rutherfurd,
I officially reported the outrage to the Consul, "in
order that he might take such steps, as he might be
pleased to think the case demanded, as Representative
of the British Crown." I also begged him to adopt
such measures as might be necessary to protect British
life and property from any repetition of violence, the
door being so smashed in, that any one could enter
the premises at pleasure. This letter I delivered in
person, but soon found how little we had to expect,
either in sympathy or assistance, at the hands of the
Representative of British Majesty. The subject was
treated with the greatest coldness and indifference. More
regret was expressed at the meeting of a few Protes
tants for prayer and praise in the morning, than indig
nation at the violation of British rights and honour,
and the danger to which the lives of British subjects
were exposed at the hands of a lawless mob at night.
Although I looked, and still look at the outrage as an
affair to be judged of wholly irrespective of the meet
ing, or any other circumstance whatever, I ventured to
assure the Consul that not a word had, at that meeting
of friends, been uttered against the religion of the
State, which alone, according to Portuguese interpreta
tion of the law, could make such a meeting illegal.
Besides, I added, had all the laws of Portugal been
broken, Miss Rutherfurd was amenable to those laws,
and to those laws only, and till tried and condemned
by them, was surely entitled to protection from her
country. She should not be given over to the tender
mercies of a Romish Priest, and his reckless mob. The
Consul admitted that the outrage was unjustifiable ; and
he "hoped," and "trusted," and "felt assured," that
the offenders would be punished. I suggested that in
my humble opinion, the British Government, in a case
 19

of such gross violation of British property, &c., was

entitled to demand that active measures should be taken
by the Authorities, for the arrest of the offenders ; or,
at least, that due punishment should be ensured to the
two persons captured on the previous night, under cir
cumstances that could admit of no hind of doubt as to
their guilt. So far, however, from this being likely to
follow, I told him, that no authority of any kind had
been near the scene of outrage ; nor so far as I could
see were any steps whatever being taken for the fur
therance of the ends of justice. The Consul stated,
in reply, that it was a case for the Courts of Law, and
not for him te interfere ! I then asked the Consul
as to the protection which the Misses Rutherfurd might
expect to their lives and property during the night ;
when, will the reader believe me when I say, the Repre
sentative of Great Britain referred them to the office of
police ! " The head of police would, he had no
doubt, provide them with a sufficient force !"
I then retired from the Consulate, but hearing imme
diately afterwards, that parties, with music and cheering,
had been triumphantly parading the town and suburbs,*
openly threatening destruction to the Protestant Chris
tians, and even to British property, without interference
on the part of the Government, I returned to the office
of the Consul, with the view of representing to him
the still threatening attitude of the mob, and that hav
ing myself urged the punishment of the prisoners, and
claimed from him that protection to which British sub
jects were entitled, all responsibility of consequences
must rest with him. The Consulate, however, was
closed for the night. I accordingly repaired to the
police office, and there lodged a request for assistance
in Miss Rutherfurd's name. I then wrote again to the
* One of these bands I had myself seen at one o'clock marching by
Miss Rutherfurd's residence, opposite to which they twice halted and
cheered, hut being at the foot when they were on the summit of the
hill, I was not aware of the object of the procession.
C 2
 20
Consul, communicating the facts above mentioned; but
before sealing the letter was astounded to hear that
the two criminals {arrested, it will be remembered,
in the very act of outrage in a British subject's house,)
had been actually set at liberty in the most barefaced
manner, within twelve or fourteen hours of their arrest ! ! !*
In this letter to the Consul I had stated, that I felt the
Misses Rutherfurd, as British subjects, were entitled to
demand, at the hands of Her Majesty's Government, that
the persons arrested the previous night, for so outrageously
breaking into their residence, should undergo from the
Portuguese authorities, the full punishment due to
their crimes. This request on their part I felt called
upon to press, "from the conviction that without any
expression of abhorrence from the highest British authority,
the ignorant multitude would only be encouraged to other
andfresh crimes against the lives and property of British
subjects." To this communication no reply was received,
and I do not doubt that the Consul both " hoped," and
" trusted," that all sttch fears were perfectly groundless-
That they were not so, the reader will, I think, be
convinced, if he will but take the trouble of going
with me into the following pages. And I will leave
him to form his own opinion as to what share of blame
reasonably attaches to the British Consul at Madeira,
in connection with all the succeeding scenes of outrage.
Such then was the outrage on the Misses Rutherfurd's
house on the night of the 2nd of August! Such the
redress claimed by British subjects, and refused by the
British Consul ! Such the unblushing effrontery of the
Portuguese Authorities at Madeira! But there is still
another, upon whom the reader will doubtless have seen
a vast amount of responsibility must rest; one who,
doing the deeds of Anti-Christ, presumes to call him
self a Minister of Christ. Mark well his conduct. By

* As we had threatened to appeal to the Consul, so we had done.

Had they, as they declared they would do, appealed to the Governor?
and was this the result ?
 PA

him was the first breach of the peace and the laws of
the country committed ! By him were the ruffians, whom
he had assembled around him, excited to acts of vio
lence, and all but murder! And these acts were not
like the flame that flickers and then goes out, but like
the lighted torch applied to the magazine, which steadily
burns till the first explosion happens—then another and
another—and man's power to arrest its further progress
sinks into feebleness and impotence. These acts termi
nated not on the 2nd of August, but continued from day
to day, and from one degree of outrage to another,
till two British residents' houses were broken open, and
one of them plundered ! One British family was driven
from the Island at a moment's notice ! Another British
subject's house was openly attacked ! The British Con
sul was insulted in the public streets, and the very
Consulate invaded by a crowd of ruffians ! Three British
families were obliged to seek personal safety on board
a British ship ! and two others in the British Consulate !
No fewer than eleven British families were threatened
by the populace ! And yet another British subject,
(said to have been obnoxious on account of emigra
tion transactions) was soon afterwards obliged to leave
the Island under threats of assassination ! One British
lady too, having sought refuge afloat, died in the bay,
hurried through their violence to the grave, and others
were brought to the very verge of dissolution I While
hundreds of Portuguese Protestants were driven from
their homes, their houses broken into and plundered,
and themselves hunted down, each, as David of old,
like a partridge in the mountains ! One, at least, was
barbarously murdered ; while act succeeded act of such
outrageous cruelty, as would make the ears of English
Christians to tingle. Such, I may add, were some of
the consequences directly arising from the breach of
the peace by a Canon of the Cathedral Church of Fun-
chal, Carlos Telles de Menezes, a Dignitary of the
Church of Kome ! ! !
 CHAPTER II.
THE "QUINTA DAS ANGUSTIAs" BLOCKADED, AND CONTINUANCE
OF INSULTS AND INJURIES TO BRITISH SUBJECTS.

" They gather themselves together, they hide themselves, they mark
my steps, when they wait for my soul."—Psalm lvi. 6.

To such a height had things proceeded on the afternoon

of the 3rd August, but it was yet in the power of
two individuals to stay all further outrage on the part
of the mob. It was not even now too late to allay
the feverish excitement, into which the people had been
led by Conego Telles. These two persons were the
Consul of Great Britain, and the Civil Governor of
Madeira. An energetic protest on the part of the
former, or the application by the latter of the strong
arm of the law—a look of displeasure from the
one, a word of authority from the other—would,
at once, have put to silence priests and people
together.- But we have seen, alas ! how little was
to be expected from either. From the balcony
of the Quinta das Angustias, immediately before
the outrage, the people had been warned that their
conduct would be reported in the morning to Her
Britannic Majesty's Representative at Funchal. We
have seen that representation made—we have seen
the case pressed upon the Consul's attention, with the
almost certain consequences of his neglecting to notice
it. We have seen him more ready to accuse his
guiltless countrywomen, who were the sufferers, than
the lawless band of midnight assassins. And we have
 23

seen the criminals, who had been arrested by the

police, in the very act of outrage, at once released by
the Authorities of Funchal !
It was melancholy to see the guilty thus encouraged
in their guilt. It was humbling to see justice defeated,
and British rights defied. But it was still more humi
liating to see all this done without any apparent appeal
or remonstrance on the part of the British Crown.
Who then could doubt the consequences ? The
Authorities had done all they could in proof of their
approbation of the riot, by setting at liberty the
prisoners taken in the act. The mob had received
something more than the tacit approval of their
Government. Their comrades had been restored to
them, and British power seemed unable, or it might
be, unwilling to resist. No wonder then that, having
tasted power, they should now resolve that all obnoxious
to them should feel it- The state of things was truly
fearful. Denied support and countenance, in the way
we had certainly a right to expect at the hands of the
Consul, threats were openly and loudly proclaimed
against various British subjects, who were left in such
a position by him, that they could do nothing but await
in deep anxiety the wilt, of the mob from day to day !
We have seen on the very day after the attack on
Miss Rutherfurd's residence, parties triumphantly parad
ing the town and suburbs, threatening annihilation to
native protestants. Throughout that day, Miss Ruther-
furd was alarmed by the presence of many of the
rioters of the previous night, who loitered about the
entrance, insulting, with cries of " Calvinista" and
other expressions, all who went in, or came out of the
house, together with any of the family, whom they
happened to see in the grounds. In the afternoon,
they were joined by the liberated prisoners, and thence
forward their threats became more extended and
desperate. Dr. Kalley (along with others) had been
threatened by the parading parties of the morning, and
 24

accordingly applied that evening to the Consul, and

afterwards to the head of police for protection. The
servant who was carrying the Doctor's * letter to the
police Magistrate was attacked in the streets of Funchal,
and beaten by persons calling themselves Gentlemen, who
forcibly took the letter from his person ! * Dr. Kalley
therefore appealed to the Civil Governor, and sent
him a copy of his letter to the Police Magistrate.
Here let us pause for a moment to consider two
events, which are both curious and instructive. So
early as the 31st of July, His Excellency had told the
British Consul, that something would soon take place,
that would compel him to interfere in religious matters,
from which he had hitherto always shrunk ! And on
Dr. Kalley's complaining to His Excellency of this
outrage, and of the intercepting of his letter in such
circumstances, no notice whatever was taken of his
complaint! Such facts are, I repeat, both curious and
instructive. But let us proceed with the narrative.
On the morning of the 4th, Miss Rutherfurd's house
was literally in a state of siege; and who can wonder at
it, after the startling facts we have mentioned ? During
the earlier part of the day the mob contented themselves
with noisy threats, but about one o'clock in the afternoon,
seeing their accomplices at large, and that our threats
of interference were but as empty words, they proceeded
to open violence, attacking and beating all who went in
or came out. The daughter of a shoemaker, and her
cousin, both strict Romanists, whose only crime was
having brought some needlework for sale, were stopped
at the gate, robbed of their property, and so severely
maltreated, that they were obliged to be carried into
a neighbouring venda (or shopJ. Soon afterwards, the
father, coming to enquire for them, was attacked still
more fiercely, and so cruelly beaten, that he was for

* One of the three Gentlemen, who took the letter from the servant's
person, was a near relative of the Author of the Pamphlet mentioned in
Chapter I.
 25

many days confined to his bed. In the morning, the

Consul had stated to Miss Rutherford, by letter, that
having represented the case to the Civil Governor, he
" hoped and believed " she would be protected from
any further annoyance. Still her house was surrounded
by the ruffians of Sunday !—still were the fiercest threats
uttered beneath her window ! Evening set in — still
no police appeared! and so strict was the blockade at
the gate, even at this hour, that no promise of reward
could induce any one even to carry a note into the
town; and it was not till an English lady called, that
Miss Rutherfurd was enabled to send in an application
for immediate protection. The Administrador was in
the country; and though a request was made at the
police-office, no police could be procured. The Consul
was also absent, or possibly some soldiers might have
been ordered to the Angustias. As it was, nine o'clock
arrived ere the Administrador's answer was received;
and shortly afterwards, two policemen made their ap
pearance. But up to that time, the house was strictly
blockaded ; and had not Miss Rutherfurd herself applied
to the Administrador (and the English lady above-
mentioned been permitted to pass through the mob),
she and her sisters, notwithstanding our Consul's as
surance that he "hoped and believed" they would
be protected, would that night have remained at the
mercy of a reckless mob.
'While this was going on at the Angustias,
threatenings of the fiercest kind were being directed
against others. Dr. Kalley, and a Mr. Winterton,
were especially singled out, together with all the Por
tuguese protestants, who, the mob loudly vaunted,
should be annihilated before the end of the week. In
the afternoon, Dr. Kalley received from the Governor,
an insulting reply to his letter of the preceding day,
in which he charged the Doctor with being the cause
of all the disturbance —"it being the fruit of the tree
he had planted in the Island," and which would never,
 he added, produce anything " but discord and trouble."
How different this, from the whole tenor of the Doctor's
behaviour at Madeira! Gentle, peaceful, and benevo
lent, he had never, in any way, advised—nay, he had
always strongly dissuaded—violence ; and not one of his
Portuguese friends had ever broken the peace ! Though
most virulently attacked, they had borne all with patience.
The rioters were the co-religionists of His Excellency ;
so that his accusation serves strongly to remind us of
the conduct of Nero, when accusing the Christians of
the burning of Rome ! But this was not all. Speaking
of the feelings entertained towards British subjects, His
Excellency declared that " mistrust and disgust-" had
taken the place of " union and happiness."
This insulting letter from the Governor was followed
up, on the ensuing morning, by a message to Miss
Rutherfurd, from the Head of Police, to the effect:—
" That he ( the Police-magistrate) would not continue to
protect Miss Mutherfurd's house, so long as Portuguese
were admitted to hold divine worship, or any that
HAD BEEN KNOWN TO ASSEMBLE THEMSELVES TOGETHER
were permitted to frequent the place." And he further
required from her a promise, in writing, " that no meeting
should be held in her house." To this impudent and
daring threat, Miss Rutherfurd replied, by stating to
the Consul her thorough conviction that no Portuguese
law prohibited such meetings, in which nothing was
said against the religion of the State. At the same
time, as protection was otherwise refused to the lives
and property of herself and family, she requested him
to give such promise in her name, if he considered
the giving of such a promise, " extorted by threats," and
which no law and no treaty gave the Magistrate any
right to prescribe, was compatible with the honour of
the British nation. If not, she demanded protection
from him. We need scarcely say that no such promise
was given. The threats of yesterday were repeated
to-day, in louder and deeper accents, against the Misses
 27

Rutherfurd, Dr. Kalley, and others. During the whole

day, clusters of the rioters appeared at the back and
end of the Angustias, abusing all who entered or left
the house—boasting of the work of Sunday night—and
lamenting that they had not taken the opportunity of
pillaging. Knives were concealed in the opposite house,
and we were given to understand that the people in
tended to watch for Dr. Kalley, and another person
who had been to the house; one of the ringleaders,
a man from Terceira, having been also overheard, by
the servants, to say—" If he (Dr. Kalley) escapes this
time, he must be the devil"
It was in this fearful state of things that Dr. Mc Kellar
and myself waited on the Consul. We represented to
him that we felt life and property were now placed
in the most imminent danger ; that we looked upon the
discharge from custody of the two offenders, on the
night of the 2nd, as a direct connivance at such atrocities
by the Portuguese Authorities, and British silence on
the subject as the cause of the present posture of affairs
at Madeira. We added, that, in our humble opinion,
the time had certainly arrived when, if Her Britannic
Majesty's Representative did not make the strongest
remonstrance to the Portuguese Government, British
life and property would he at the mercy of the mob :—
for the same persons were now at liberty to commit
the same gross outrage on any other British subject,
with the same sure prospect of escape. To this he
replied, that he did not think there was any cause for
apprehension; — that the two persons alluded to had
been discharged by the proper Authorities, and it was
not his part to tell them they had wrongly administered
the law;* that, if we wished to prosecute, we must
proceed to law for that purpose, but that, if we did so,

* They had not administered any law; as the first step which
Portuguese law enjoins, in a criminal case, is the "auto do corpo
do delicto"— an investigation on the scene of crime; which had not
taken place.
he did not think the witnesses would appear in Court,
from fear of the consequences!* This, we urged, was
a very great reason why the highest British authority
should insist upon the Portuguese authorities prosecuting
the men whom their own police and soldiers had seized,
at the dead of night, in the very act of violence, in
a British subject's house; for with them rested full
power to prosecute and condemn, if there existed the
will.
We several times repeated our conviction as to the
propriety, if not necessity, of his acting in his official
capacity for the punishment of the offenders; and that
in this step alone lay our hopes of future protection
to life and property. But all was to no purpose. He
positively declined interfering in a matter where, he
said, we had our remedy in the Courts of Law. We
reminded him, but again without effect, of the impos
sibility of any one being able, in his individual capacity,
to press forward the case to conviction; the difficulties
in doing which, he had himself just alluded to and
admitted ;—that the case, in the hands of the Portuguese
Government, was simple, clear, and powerful ;—and that,
as its own officers could identify the parties, and were
eye and ear witnesses of their conduct on the night
in question, it was the duty of that Government to
prosecute.f
Such was the unsatisfactory nature of our interview
with Her Majesty's Consul, on the afternoon of

* In what but a Popish country could such an opinion have been

adduced?
t In justice to Mr. Stoddart, the British Consul, it is but right
to say, that he did inform us that, though the prisoners had been
discharged from custody, nothing had been done which could be
construed to interfere with any further proceedings that might be
instituted against them. He offered, moreover, most kindly, in the
event of an action being brought forward, to give us any assistance
that lay in his power. But it was in his Consular capacity, and in
that capacity alone, that we sought his interference ; and in that
capacity, we still think it was his imperative duty to have acted.
Wednesday, the 5th of August. No wonder, then,
that on Thursday, the 6th, the most violent threats
continued to be breathed against the Misses Rutherfurd,
by the ruffians beneath their windows ; as if under a
fixed determination to keep them in perpetual alarm.
Insults were extended to all who entered the Angustias ;
and a very feeble old woman, who had come for her
usual alms, was dreadfully beaten, though praying all
the time to " Santissima Mai"— (Most Holy MotherJ.
Several others were, likewise, brutally attacked, for
daring to approach the residence of English Ladies!—so
far did the very rabble of Madeira presume on the indif
ference, I had almost said the incapacity, of the British
Consul !
Dr. Kalley, this afternoon, sent to the Governor,
Valentine de Fbeitas Leal, an admirable reply to
His Exellcency's letter of the 4th ; a reply so strikingly
forewarning him of the results likely to ensue, if violence
continued to be allowed to take the place of law, that
I really cannot resist inserting it at full length. It ran
as follows :—

" I duly received Your Excellency's letter of the 4th

current, and most respectfully thank you for the promp
titude with which you sent police to patrol in the
neighbourhood of my house, on the night between the
3rd and 4th current. I most earnestly desire that there
may never be occasion for their services, in anything
that affects me; and as, hitherto, I have always been
enabled to act a Christian and peaceable part, I trust
I shall still be enabled to do so.
"My aim has uniformly been to promote the health,
comfort, and happiness of the Madeirenses, as far as
in my power; and I am surprised at the imputation
which Your Excellency brings against me and my re
ligious views, as the origin of the ' mistrust and disgust'
which, when speaking of the feeling entertained towards
British subjects, you say have taken the place of ' union
and happiness.'
 30

" I was fully aware that my religious views had heen

most grossly misrepresented ; but till the receipt of Your
Excellency's letter, I did not suppose that any gentleman
of education could imagine that they in any way sanc
tioned disturbance, injustice, cruelty, or crime.
" I have never taught anything at variance with the
doctrines, that men have one Father — the living and
true God, — that we are all brethren, — and that our
common Father commands all his children to love one
another—not in word only, but in deed and in truth ;
and that he threatens to destroy, with eternal destruc
tion, those of the family who will not so love their
brethren. I have never taught a syllable at variance
with the glorious truth, that when we had all offended
that most gracious Father, and deserved the doom He
had denounced, a Friend from heaven—a partner with
the Father in His throne—loved us, died for us, re
deemed us with his blood, and thus laid us under still
more powerful obligation to love our Lord—to love one
another—to love all men, even our enemies : and such
doctrines are diametrically opposed to all disturbance,
injustice, and crime.
" I am bold to say, that my conduct, and that of those
who hold similar religious sentiments, has never been
such as to give any reason to suppose that, in my creed,
I approved of any kind of moral evil. No one has ever
dared to charge me with teaching any man to defraud
or injure his fellow-man. Amid all the disturbances
that ever occurred at Madeira, there never was an
instance in which those who agree with me in my
religious views, were the aggressors; and among innu
merable cases of unprovoked, atrocious cruelty practised
against them, they have never, with one exception,
been charged with striking a blow, even in self-defence ;
for they have learned of Him, who was meek and lowly
of heart—who, when He was reviled, reviled not again
—when he suffered, he threatened not, but committed
himself to Him who judgeth righteously. I feel, there
 31

fore, most fully borne out in repudiating the charge

which Your Excellency has brought against ine, as
the cause of the disturbances referred to, and am con
vinced that, on an extensive, unprejudiced investigation
of facts, Your Excellency will exonerate me from the
charge.
"In illustration of what I believe to be the cause
of these disturbances, allow me to refer to the events
of last Sabbath.
" A Portuguese gentleman having asked an English
lady, residing in the Quinta das Angustias, for the
use of a room in her house, for the purpose of meeting
with a few of his friends, it was granted to him. They
met, sat together for an hour or two, talking, reading
the Scriptures, and hearing a letter from a common
friend in another land. There was not a syllable uttered
against the religion of the State, nor an act performed
in opposition to any law of the country.
" As they withdrew from the house, Conego Telles
was at the door, having an image in his hand, which
he thrust in the face of each, bidding them ' adore
their God,' and adding most irritating epithets, to
which no irritating reply was given. With his own
hand, the priest knocked off the hat of one who was
offending no law, and if he was, should have been
tried by the law, and not by a priest, or by a mob.
The crowd, excited by the words and actions of the
Canon, had recourse to blows. The majority of those
who had met together in the house were deterred from
leaving it, and the lady of the house could not, for
the sake of common humanity, compel them to go
out and be beaten by a reckless mob.
" There is an invalid lady in the house, whom I
attend professionally. She is in a most precarious state
of health, and on the preceding evening I had received
a note, stating that she was worse. Not knowing any
thing of what had taken place, till within a short
distance of the Quinta, I went to see her as her phy
sician. The crowd around the house used the most
insulting language to me, as I went in, and when I
came out, it was repeated, along with threatening
actions; and although the mob had been there two or
three hours, and the Canon had been exciting dis
turbances, as already stated, there were no police-officers
on the spot; or if there were, they did not attempt
to restrain violence. I rode quietly through the midst
of the people, but my servant was laid hold of, beaten,
and threatened with death, if he dared to follow me.
About 11 o'clock at night, men armed with bludgeons
made their way, over the wall, into the grounds in
which the Quinta das Angustias stands, and daringly
demanded that the house-door should be opened to
them. This was, of course, refused. They were re
minded of the lawlessness of their proceedings, and
warned that their conduct would be complained of to
the Representative of the British Government. A whistle
being given, more men appeared, to the number of fifty
or sixty. They then repeated their demands, saying
that they wanted the Portuguese citizens that were
therein. They were told that they might surround
the house till the morning, or send for the police, and
act in a legal manner, but warned to desist from illegal
violence. The answer was, that if the inmates would
not open the door, it would be forced open, and in
that case, every one found within should be put to
death. The lady of the house remonstrated with them,
from one of the windows; the reply was with threats
to burn the house, and a large stone flung at her
head, from which she narrowly escaped.
The house door was then broken in pieces, the ruffians
sent for lights, boldly entered the house, searched every
room, entered with their bludgeons even into that of
the invalid lady, uttering most fearful vociferations and
threats, by all which the life of the invalid was
endangered, and she lay for hours in a state of
insensibility.
 33

" The ruffians having at last found some Portuguese

citizens in the kitchen, laid one man's head open to the
bone, cast him over the bannisters down the staircase,
and were in the act of beating him with their sticks,
when the police and soldiers arrived.
"Your Excellency cannot but see that it would be
madness for defenceless ladies, to expose themselves to
greater danger, by exasperating such a band of desperate
ruffians, by raising a process against them, at a moment
when the fact of the prisoners being liberated by the
Authorities appears to sanction the outrage, and must of
course embolden them to repeat the offence.
" In such circumstances, it cannot be expected that any
private individual should expose himself to their rage
by raising an action against them. The Authorities are
not ignorant of the facts. They are notorious to Your
Excellency, to the public Prosecutor, to the British
Consul, and to the whole population of Funchal. The
actual state of the house speaks volumes, but not one of
the Authorities, either British or Portuguese, has yet
looked near it. The criminals are not unknown—two
of them were in the power of the Authorities—actually
in prison—and were set at liberty ! Why does the
public Prosecutor not raise an action against those guilty
of so public an outrage, unless it be true that the
Authorities do not choose to repress the disturbances, by
the punishment of the offenders ?
" Houses have been broken into, and the inmates beaten
nearly to death. Other houses have been set on fire at
midnight, and burnt to the ground, and the Authorities
have not given any public demonstration of disapproval.
Not one of the criminals has been punished, and when
ruffians are arrested by the police " in flagrante," in a
British subject's house, they are forthwith set at liberty.
The assailants are released—the assailed are imprisoned,
and condemned in virtue of laws, respecting which the
Judge in the very sentence declared that they are
abolished.
 34

" Further the master of police dares to refuse protection

to British life, and British property, except on condition
of British subjects making promises, which no law and
no Treaty ever conveyed to him any right to exact ; and
for the want of energetic interference, the residence of
British citizens is actually placed in a state of siege.
" If the Authorities choose to proceed in such a way,
the verdict of the world as to the cause of the dis
turbances cannot be doubtful. The attempt of the
Authorities to throw the blame upon others, will only
serve to remind the world of Nero blaming the Christians
for the burning of Rome.
" A large loose rock, on the steep side of a hill, may be
easily kept in its place, as long as it is at rest ; but once
in motion, how terrific its course, as it sweeps and bounds
impetuously down the mountain side, bearing destruction
along with it. Who can arrest it ? So it is with the
power of a lawless mob.
" If the Government will but act firmly and justly,
applying the law without prejudice or bias, arresting and
punishing rioters and criminals of every kind, without
allowing the religion of the individual to serve as a shield
for guilt, or a reason for undue punishment; your
Excellency will find no difficulty in putting an end to all
disturbances.
"But if violence be allowed a little longer to take the
place of law ; if a Government permit a lawless mob to
act the part of judge and executioner on Kallistas, it
will not be long in the power of the Government to
restrain it; for private malice and revenge will soon
apply the name to persons who adhere to the religion of
the State, and are obnoxious only for their wealth or
their virtue, and the results will then be most deplorable ;
but all the responsibility must ever rest on those who
refuse to apply the restraints of justice for the prevention
of crime."
Such was Dr. Kalley's letter to His Excellency the
Governor, on Thursday, the 6th of August, on which
day the threats against British subjects were loud and
general. Ever since Monday the 3rd, warnings and
threats had been conveyed to myself from persons whom
we afterwards discovered to be in the full confidence of
the mob. And this afternoon my groom, who was one
of the cruelly persecuted, but at length honorably
acquitted prisoners of the Serra, was seized by the throat
on leaving the Pinheiros, and savagely attacked in the
act of quietly leading my horse. On Friday the 7th,
affairs had become still more matured, and warnings were
brought in from all quarters. An English resident
communicated to Miss Rutherford, the details of a plot,
which he had been informed by a Portuguese gentleman,
it was the intention of the rioters to carry into execution
on the following Sunday. The object of the conspiracy,
into which it was pretty well known that many Priests had
entered, was forcibly to expel Dr. Kalley and Miss
Rutherfurd from the Island. The authority seemed so
good, that he had mentioned it to His Excellency, who
deemed it advisable to recommend Miss Rutherfurd's
immediate removal from her present residence. Miss
Rutherfurd instantly wrote to the Consul, stating that
such a recommendation, emanating from so high an
authority as the Governor, only confirmed the fears
previously raised of a renewed attack upon the Angustias
on the coming Sunday. She therefore begged in the
strongest manner full and efficient protection, which was,
she added, the more immediately called for, as the
removal of her sick sister was reported by her physician
to be absolutely dangerous to her life. The threats
throughout the day were truly fearful, and many of
the Portuguese declared that at no former period had
the Island been in so feverish a state ! All Doctor
Kalley's friends were in a state of excitement, indignant
at the prospect of such a reward for his kindness.
Many warned him, some threw open their doors as a
refuge, while others offered to come and defend him.
The Doctor, who was particularly marked out for
n 2
vengeance, wrote this morning to the Consul, enclosing
a copy of the Governor's letter to him, and of his reply,
and urging his prompt interference on behalf of British
subjects. As this letter appears to me so important and
interesting, and the warnings given therein form so
striking a contrast with the apathy and inaction of the
Consul himself, perhaps I may be excused for giving this
also entire, as it came from the Doctor's pen :—
" I enclose for your information copies of a corres
pondence, which I have had with His Excellency the
Civil Governor.
" I beg to call your attention to the strong expressions,
' mistrust and disgust,' which His Excellency employs
in describing the feelings entertained towards British
subjects in Madeira.
" The most degraded of the people "exhibit these feelings
in the public streets by the most hideous vociferations,
fearful yells and threats, and not one of the servants of
the local Government has ever appeared to make the
slightest attempt to suppress them.
"The working of the same feelings, along with contempt
for your interference, with which the rioters were
threatened, was exhibited in the proceedings, which
took place in the Quinta das Angustias, on the night of
the 2nd instant, as is related in my letter to His
Excellency, dated the 6th instant.
" I must further beg you to combine these expressions
and facts, with the circumstances that not only has none
of the Authorities, either British or Portuguese, taken
any apparent step towards the recognition of the crime,
or punishment of the offenders, but those actually arrested
"in flagrante delicto" by the police, were in the course
of the same day set at liberty.
" At the present moment the arrest and exemplary
punishment of a few of the ring-leaders, coupled with
a decided declaration from the Government, of its
determination to put an end to such proceedings, would
suffice to prevent all disturbance. But if energetic
 37

measures be not adopted, no one acquainted with the

history of mobs, set free from the restraints of law and
justice, can doubt that those, who committed such an
outrage as that of the 2nd current, will soon, if allowed
to taste blood and plunder, acquire such strength that
it will not be in the power of this feeble Government
to restrain them.
" The rioters must feel that the conduct of all the
Authorities implies an approbation of their proceedings,
inferior only to the issuing of an Edict, or the offering
of a reward for their perpetration, and they are
accordingly becoming daily bolder, so that on the night
of the 5th instant, and last night, their threats were
such that from sixty to eighty individuals felt themselves
obliged to flee from their houses for their lives, and spend
the night in the mountains.
'' I have received warning from various Portuguese
gentlemen, that the rioters threaten to attack my house,
and two or more other British houses within the next
eight days ; and as your inattention with respect to
Miss Rutherford's case, has favoured the presumption
that our Government will not interfere, whatever
atrocities be committed upon us, it seems highly probable
that an attack will be made.
" From the conduct displayed towards .the Misses
Rutherfurd (who had broken no laws, and if they had,
should have been tried by the law, and not left to the
mercy of an infuriated mob) and towards the rioters, it is
impossible to regard the Authorities otherwise than as,
at the very least, conniving at the outrage, and therefore
responsible for all the results.
" If you, in your official capacity, do not demand the
adoption of such measures as shall effectually secure
British subjects, against the repetition of such attrocities,
I am convinced that my life and property will be in
danger ; and if, from your non-interference, similar
atrocities be again perpetrated, our country will justly
look to you as responsible for them all.
 38

" I believe it is intended that an attack shall be made

on other places, at the same time as upon my house,
so as to afford a pretence for not sending aid, under the
plea that the police were occupied elsewhere.
" You are well aware of the position, in which my
business with the Portuguese Government was left
by Her Majesty's Minister for Foreign affairs, in con
sequence of my letter to Lord Howard de Walden,
dated 11th of February, 1845, and as Representative
of Her Majesty's Government here, you have doubtless
made enquiries as to my procedure since, and are com
petent to testify that I have not given any just cause
of offence to the Portuguese Authorities. But if I
had broken all the laws of Portugal, I should still be
entitled to protection from our own Government, till
tried by the law ; and if a Foreign Government, under
any circumstances whatever, connive at a lawless mob
committing outrages on British persons or property,
our Government will, I have no doubt, for its own
honour, demand ample redress. It is, however, much
easier to prevent than repair injuries, and therefore I
lay these matters before you, in expectation of efficient
protection, and beg to know if I may confidently rely
upon its being given.
" P. S. 8th of August.— For several days the vocife
rations, threats, and abuse uttered by the lower orders,
when passing my house, have been incessant, and of
such a nature, as to be disgraceful to a country pro
fessing to be civilized. They are never interfered with.
Every one who goes out, or in my house, is assailed with
a volley of abuse, whatever be their religious opinions,
and during the last night, my family was repeatedly
alarmed by parties battering on my door with sticks.
" 2nd P.S. —Noon. I enclose an anonymous letter
just put into my hands, which I beg you will return
to me.* I must repeat that I am fully convinced that
* The anonymous letter, which was enclosed, contained a correct
programme of the following day's atrocities, of all which the Consul
was thus fully forewarned.
 39

this comes of liberating the prisoners, and other conduct

of the Authorities ; and if energetic measures be not
instantly adopted, I shall feel myself obliged to deliver
up the key of my property to you for protection, as I
cannot, with a couple of servants, defend it against
a mob."
Thus was the awful state of matters brought fully
and powerfully to the notice of the Governor and the
British Consul. Nor was this done only in writing ;
not a day passed, but the Consul was verbally warned
of renewed threats, and of increasing danger. The
Governor too was called upon at the Alfandega, on
the 8th, by Dr. Miller and myself, that we might be
fully assured of Dr. Kalley's letter of the 6th having
reached His Excellency's hands. This being acknow
ledged, we were about to retire, when His Excellency
introduced the subject of the late disturbance. We
then took the opportunity of pressing upon him most
strongly the necessity of protection both to the Misses
Ilutherfurd and Dr. Kalley:—-especially directing his
attention to the extreme danger in which the life of the
latter would be placed, in case of an attack on Santa
Luzia on the morrow, and which, we fully believed,
would actually take place, UNLESS prevented by
the Government. We assured him, moreover, how
anxious the Misses Rutherfurd, Dr. Kalley, and other
English subjects residing in Madeira, were to obey the
laws of Portugal ; and if we broke them, or any of them,
how ready we were to answer for the breach. To this
His Excellency replied (and mark it, reader, for it is an
important admission) that "he knew this perfectly
well ! " And well he did know that the English were
not violators of the law, or he would not have been slow
to apply the punishment they courted.
Thus, reader, from the 2nd to the 8th of August, did
threats of attack become louder and louder, and the state
of affairs altogether more and more fearful. The Consul
and Governor were almost daily appealed to for full and
 40
efficient protection ; and yet we have to tell of such
outrages and insults in the ensuing week, as will perfectly
astound every reader of these pages, whether it be in
his character as a man, a gentleman, a Briton, or a
Christian. That such outrages and insults were allowed
to attain the height they did on the 9th, and following
days, in any place, where the Union of England was
flying over the British Consulate, is indeed perfectly
astonishing. I have not a comment to offer. Facts
speaks volumes. Let them simply be read. Englishmen
must blush for the honor of their country, when they see
the flag of England lowered in peace, which was not
lowered in war;—lowered to the rabble of Portugal,
which was not lowered by the armies of France. Chris
tians must grieve when they read of the cruel sufferings
of those, who are persecuted for the truth's sake ;
while rivers of water should run down their eyes
because of the rejecters of Jesus, who keep not His
law, and love not His name.
Alas, how mournful is the prospect of a suffering world.
In it we see and bewail sufferings which are but the
prelude of eternal weeping and gnashing of teeth ! But
with regard to a suffering church, how widely different
the prospect : its sufferings are the furnace to purify
the gold, and serve to evidence the truth of the volume,
which predicts that—" All that will live godly in Christ
Jesus, shall suffer persecution." * In all the affliction of
those, who confide in him, Jesus sympathizes so deeply,
that their sufferings are His sufferings, f and so truly that
they thus "Jill up that which is behind of the afflictions
of Christ." % His expiatory sufferings are over, but while
there is one saint left to suffer, Christ sympathizes still.
When the bloody hand of persecution is raised against
the meanest of his people, the voice of Jesus is still
heard, "Why persecutest thou ME?"|| Those then,
who are His, need not think it strange concerning the
fiery trial, which tries them, as though some strange thing
* 2 Tim. iii. 12. f Zee. ii. 8. J Col. i. 24. || Acts ix. 4.
 41

happened unto them : but they should rejoice, inasmuch

as they are partakers of Christ's sufferings, that, when
His glory shall be revealed, they may be glad also with
exceedingjoy. When reproached and persecuted for the
name of Christ, happy are ye ; for the spirit of glory and
of God resteth upon you. Your testimony for Christ
comes with power; on your enemies' part He is evil spoken
of, but on your part He is glorified. * The highest of
all authorities has said, " If any man suffer as a Christian,
let him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God on this
behalf, f Suffering saint, learn " always to pray and
not to faint" J learn to " glory va. tribulations." || For the
joy that is set before you, cheerfully " endure the cross,
despising the shame." § Look " unto the recompence of
the reward." f To him that overcometh," saith the
Saviour, "will I grant to sit with me in my
theone, even as i also overcame, and am set down
with my Father in his throne." **

* 1 Peter iv. 12, 14. f 1 Peter iv. 16. J Luke xviii. 1. || Rom. v. 3.
§ Heb. xii. 2. ^ Heb. xi. 26. •• Rev. iii. 21.
 CHAPTER III.
OUTRAGEOUS ATTACK ON THE RESIDENCE OF DR. KALLEY ;
FOLLOWED BT HIS FORCIBLE EXPULSION FROM MADEIRA.

" Their {the English) dwelling houses, warehouses, and every thing
belonging thereto, SHALL BE RESPECTED, and shall not be
subjected to ant abbitraky visits, or search."— Treaty between
Great Britain and Portugal, 3rd July, 1843.

Such was the unhappy state of things at Madeira, on

Saturday the 8th of August, on which day the informa
tion, which lay before the Governor, the British Consul,
and the public, was so full and detailed, that the events
arranged for the coming Sunday, could not have been
perpetrated without (I will not say the concurrence, so
far as our Consul is concerned, but certainly) the know
ledge of all parties. None could plead ignorance. The
plans were notorious all over Funchal, even to the pre
cise hour, and preconcerted signal of attack. The Con
sul was fully warned1. The Governor promised every
protection ! And the house of Dr. Kalley was barricaded
throughout, to arrest the furious efforts of the mob, until
the arrival of the promised aid ! All now depended,
under God, upon the Consul and the Governor, both
of whom were fully aware of the all-but-absolute cer
tainty of the threatened attack, the reports universally
current indicating the very hour at which it afterwards
took place. Dr. Kalley had placed himself under the
protection of Her Majesty's Representative, and held
him responsible, fully warned as he was, for the con
sequences of any outrage, in person or property, that
might be perpetrated on the morrow, if he failed to
take all proper measures for his safety. Let us now
turn our attention to the steps actually taken by Her
Majesty's Consul, and the local Authorities, first to pre
vent the aggression, then to resist it, when it was made.
About six o'clock on Saturday evening, ten or twelve
soldiers marched up as a guard to Dr. Kalley's house,
and were posted in a cottage at the entrance of the
grounds. For several hours previously two ruflians,
dressed as townsmen, had been stationed at the door,
watching all that passed. On the soldiers' arrival, Dr.
K alley asked the guard if they knew the cause of all
these threats against him, and was told that " they
fancied it was because he was opposed to the saints !"
This, the Doctor said, was quite a mistake, for instead
of being opposed to the saints, it was his greatest aim
and wish to be one of the happy number. The person in
charge of the guard then added, " Well, I don't know,
but the Authorities think that these things have lasted
long enough, and they are determined to put an end to
them ! ! * From these ominous words, and from preced
ing events, the Doctor felt assured that the Authorities
would be in no hurry to come to his protection, and,
therefore, returned to finish the barricading of the house
by every additional means that he could contrive. In
the mean time five or six of the soldiers kept watch at
the gates, whilst their comrades remained in the cottage.
At ten o'clock, a friend of Dr. Kalley's, accidentally
met a boy returning from Santa Luzia, with a load of
iron bolts, which he knew had been ordered for the
barricading of his house. He accordingly stopped the
lad, and on enquiring the reason of his not delivering
them at the Doctor's house, was told, "that he could
not gain admittance, and that the soldiers had said they
were not required!" The Doctor's friend then accom
panied the boy back to the house, and assisted the Doc
tor in completing his work.
 46

directed, for nights past, to the residence which he

had now been compelled to desert; and our eyes had
been intently fixed on the spot, almost to the moment
when Dr. Kalley made his appearance in person.*
In the home which he had left, there were hearts
beating anxiously for him ; and we lost not a moment
in exhibiting the appointed signal of his safe arrival.
This being seen, the rest of the inmates of the house
consulted for their personal safety. An old and faithful
servant buried the silver plate —a few important docu
ments were secured, and they left the dwelling, where
the ignorant had been instructed, the mourner com
forted, the sick attended, and anxious trembling sinners
directed to the blood that " cleanseth from all sin," but
against which the leaders of the misguided people had
now threatened to direct their rage. While the family
escaped by the back way, through vineyards and fields,
as the Doctor had done before, the friend who had
been with them during the night, returned through the
front door, leaving, as it would seem to the treacherous
guard, the whole party quietly within. It was now
near the break of day, and crowds were pouring up
the Mount Road to the Festa, which had just begun.
Soon after daylight I was up, and not a little startled
at the sight of the Doctor's groom, who, remembering
probably the military outrage at the Serra, had fled
from his master's house as soon as the guard appeared,
and taken refuge in our stable. Fearing that his being
seen would serve to throw suspicion on his master's
retreat, I asked him a few questions as to the time and
circumstances of his leaving on the previous evening.
And having thus lulled the suspicions of our own ser
vants, if any existed, I recommended him quickly to

* Our cook had visited Santa Luzia early in the evening, and
he had reported the very suspicious appearance of a number of
"bad men" in the neighbourhood of the Doctor's house. The
threats, too, were so open, that we were continually dreading an
attack.
 47

seek a place of safety, which he at once consented to

do* Thus was Dr. Kalley in a place of shelter, unknown
to a single native in the Island.
It was now high time for Dr. Miller (Dr. Kalley's
brother-in-law,) and myself to be acting. We felt
assured that the threatened attack would take place at
the appointed hour; but were thankful that we had a,
British Consul, and a British Flag that must be degraded)
and trampled upon, ere a British subject's residence,
rendered sacred by Treaty, could be openly outraged
under the Sabbath's noon-day sun. We hastened, there
fore, to the Consulate, for the purpose of reporting the
events of the night, and requesting the Consul to hoist
the Union of England over the property of Dr. Kalley.
The reader may imagine our utter amazement, when
we found, that in spite of all the warnings he had received,
all the details of the plot, with which he had been
furnished, the very hour of the attack being known to
him, the British Consul had actually gone away to his
country-seat, without any probability of his return to
Funchal ! !
On Saturday, the 8th of August, the reader will
recollect that Dr. Kalley had received an anonymous
letter, which he enclosed for the information of the
Consul- That paper contained details of the threatened
attack. It stated that at eleven o'clock, on a given
signal, (the ascent of two rockets) the people were to
collect in great numbers, in the Praga, or public walk,
and thence proceed to the Doctor's house, which they
were to break open, seize his person, and compel him, by
force, to leave the Island ! This, I say, was sent to our
Consul on the 8th, and on the 8th, after receiving it,
the Consul went into the country, away from the scene
of outrage ! ! ! Such conduct requires no comment. It

• He returned, however, as I afterwards discovered, to the stable,

and I subsequently took him off in a hammock to the " William," of
Glasgow, disguised as a woman.
 48

would be an insult to the common sense of the reader,

if any were made.
What more could be done under these humbling
circumstances, than forward with all possible haste
(alas, only to arrive too late) a request for his immediate
presence in town? We then called at the Governor's
residence, but he also was from home. By this time
the people were assembling in great numbers, without
any interference on the part of the Authorities, in front
of the cathedral, where most of the ruffians had that
morning attended Mass ! ! Nay, the appearance of
the police Magistrate, Jose de Freitas Almeida, on
horseback, seemed to be the signal for their uniting into
a regular body. Shortly afterwards they were seen
moving in one mass towards Santa Luzia, accompanied
or followed by a subaltern's guard of twenty-five soldiers.
While this was going on, we conveyed Mrs. Kalley,
and the ladies, children, and servants of Dr. Miller's
family to the British Consulate, for that protection, which
a British Consulate should ever be enabled to command
and afford. But the mob were well aware of our
previous inability to obtain redress for even the grossest
outrage, and this well known fact did not fail to operate
on the rabble. In the course of the day, as will be
presently seen, they hesitated not to trample under foot
the respect due to the British Flag, and the Sovereignty
which it represents.
The Quinta dos Pinheiros commands an excellent
view of Santa Luzia. Dr. Kalley had, therefore, an
opportunity of watching, from the windows, the motions
of the people below; and who can tell with what
thrilling anxiety he must have gazed in the direction
of his now deserted residence ? Ten o'clock came, and
all was quiet: the soldiers kept watch, and the in
tending assailants, who had their spies in all quarters
of the town, thought that their victims were safe within.
Half-past ten struck;—still no unhallowed sound
was heard reverberating there. It was a glorious
 49

Sabbath morning. The sun had risen, and was shining

in a blaze of golden light ;—the sky was cloudless—the
earth lovely, every vineyard around us being clustered
with grapes, scattered by a heavenly Friend. But
though the wild roar of furious men was not yet heard,
they were gathering from among these vineyards to
perpetrate, in the name of that God,—a God of love,
justice, and truth,—outrage, cruelty, and, it might be,
murder! The only subject of conversation in the
streets seemed to be, the intended proceedings of the
day; and Mrs. Kalley, when escaping in disguise,
overheard persons say—" Those who are in that house
would need, to-day, to be sure of salvation."
Eleven o'clock struck, and still there was a pause.
Then was heard a rocket hissing through the air.
A little pause, and a second followed ; and there began
a hum of human voices, which soon rose into wild
bursts, like ocean's billows in their angriest mood. It
sounded nearer and nearer ; — still the Quinta and
grounds were quiet. Another moment, and a dense
mass of human beings emerged from among the trees,
and were seen surrounding the house. There was one
wild roar, and then a silence. They retreated ; and a
faint hope arose that the soldiers would do their duty.
But no : — the silence was again broken ; — the people
were not mistaken,—the approval of the Authorities
was indeed real; and the work of the instigator of
the riots, who had, I understand, himself enjoyed the
charitable advice and medicines of Dr. Kalley, was com
menced in earnest.
Sledge-hammers and clubs were soon in requisition.
The ruffians worked "hard, and the door was forced.
A tremendous yell arose ; then disappointment and
confusion. They had expected that the Doctor would
be dragged out, to satiate their infuriated passions.
But no; he was not found! During all this time, the
Governor and the Police-magistrate were present, with
a guard of soldiers ; and there they remained, while
 50

the house was being attacked, broken into, and ran

sacked; seemingly, as was remarked by a gentleman
who passed at the time, more as a guard, to see the
work of devastation well done, than for anything else.
The Consul arrived in the midst of the work of destruc
tion, and, seeing that nothing but force could restrain
the mob, pressed the Governor to " fire, as it was
a case where it was necessary to sacrifice life." But
this the Governor refused to do. Guns were, indeed,
heard in the distance; but it was at the festival of
" our Lady." The corps of country-police, which had,
on former occasions, been called out to prevent people
from going to the Doctor's house to listen to the Sacred
Scriptures, were not now called out to save his life.
The militia, though called to attend, and fire in honour
of the Festa of "Our Lady of the Mount," were not
in requisition, when the lives and property of British
subjects were in danger. Nothing effectual was at
tempted by the Governor, who had, at his command,
all the force of the Island. Who, then, can fail to
see that the presence of that functionary and the mili
tary, at Dr. Kalley's house, was a most pitiful farce?
Nay, it was more than a farce—it was an insult to the
British nation.
Disappointed of human sacrifices, the ruifians seized
upon the Doctor's valuable library, manuscripts, and
other papers ; and those which were not reserved for
their priestly employers,* were, amidst fiendish yells
of delight, cast into the road in front of the house,
thrashed with clubs, and afterwards burnt. The Sacred
Scriptures were the objects of especial hatred, and
were all consigned, without reserve, to the clubs and
to the flames. The wine-cellar was broken open, and
the bungs of the casks started. Not a room remained
unentered, or unexplored. They did as they pleased,
without restraint, in the very presence of the Governor,
* Our reader is referred to the closing chapter, for the confirmation
of this assertion.
 51

Police-magistrate, British Consul, and a guard of

soldiers !
About two, or half-past two, the Consul rode into
the Consulate, and assured us that he had repeatedly
begged the Governor to fire, but that His Excellency
had strenuously refused to do so, declaring " that the
Authorities were unable to do anything against such
a mob as was then assembled at Santa Luzia, and whom
nothing would satisfy, but the expulsion of Dr. Kalley
from the Island." Under these circumstances, the
Consul considered Dr. Kalley's life to be in extreme
danger, and strongly urged his departure in the West
India Steamer, the signal for which was flying, if he
would secure his life. He then begged that he might
be permitted to carry back the promise of his friends,
that Dr. Kalley would immediately leave Madeira.
This, Dr. Miller and myself at once refused. He next
offered, if the promise were given, to escort him to
the beach, in company with the Governor, or even with
a guard of soldiers, still urging the necessity of his
departure, to save his life. Upon this, we asked if
he would, under these circumstances, guarantee his
personal safety, which he declared himself unable
to do ! Mrs. Kalley was now consulted, as to whether
she would approve of the Doctor going down to the
beach, escorted by the Governor and soldiers; but
she decidedly opposed it, convinced, that in such a
case, his life would be sacrificed,—for she well knew
that the soldiers who, while on duty at his door, could
hold treacherous midnight intercourse with assassins,
and the Governor, who had so lately declared his
" mistrust and disgust," would afford no protection to
her husband, from a rabble that had already tasted
plunder, and were thirsting for blood.
Under these circumstances, there was but one plan
which we could adopt. The Consul had given us
positive assurances that his life was in immediate danger
— that he could not guarantee, even by his own and
e 2
 52

the Governor's presence, his personal safety; and that

the Governor and Public Authorities had avowed their
inability to do anything against the violence of the people.
He had, moreover, not only spoken of the insecurity of
the British Consulate, but even talked of an anticipated
attack upon it. He had urged that Dr. Kalley should
immediately depart, even though it were to the distant
West Indies. And he had pressed us for a promise
that he would do so. What choice, then, was left to
us ? None whatever. We could only engage to lay
the Consul's view of the case before Dr. Kalley himself,
and entreat him, by every means in our power, to
comply, and embark for the West Indies and England.
Trusting that we should be able to persuade him, the
Consul soon afterwards went back to the Authorities,
to inform them of our intended movements, in order
that they might, if possible, pacify the people. Under
any circumstances we should have refused to subject
Dr. Kalley, or any British subject, to the humiliation
of entering on a forced exile, by being publicly escorted
to the beach, through the midst of an insulting rabble.
But in this case, a regard for his safety demanded that,
while our intentions were communicated to the Au
thorities, the people should be kept in ignorance of all
particulars; as we were firmly resolved that he should
only be conveyed, secretly and in disguise, to the
beach.
The difficulty, now, was to procure bearers for the
hammock, which the Consul had himself supplied. Not
one could be procured for a considerable time. All
were afraid, or had joined the crowd! At length one
came forward; and the Consul's own servant, acting
as the other, set out with him for the Pinheiros, to
await my arrival. This difficulty overcome, was only
succeeded by another. Not a soul could be persuaded
to let me a horse, and my own, being in Dr. Miller's
stable, was not available, for we were momentarily ex
pecting an attack on his house, the key of which had
 53

been previously delivered into the Consular charge.

By dint of much importunity on the part of the Consul
and the Consular clerk,* one man did muster courage,
and I soon started on his hack for my house. At the
door, the burrequero demanded instant payment, as he
dreaded my being seen on an animal of his ! Such is
the fear man has of offending man! Oh that he had
such a fear of offending his Maker ! To prevent excite
ment or noise, I of course dismissed him at the instant ;
and as the hammock had just arrived, I directed the
bearers to carry it into the house, and deposit it on
the floor. I then told the Doctor, in as few words as
possible, what had passed between the Consul, Dr.
Miller, and myself; entreating him not to hesitate, but
at once to seize upon the only apparent means of saving
his life. He considered, for a moment, the position of
his relations in the Consulate—the words of the Consul
—the promise, or all-but-promise, which we had given
him, and reluctantly felt it his duty to consent.
Dr. Kalley was quickly disguised in female attire,
put into the hammock, and covered over (as invalid
ladies are, when being carried, in Madeira) with a linen
sheet. Soon, we had fairly started on our perilous
journey,—not wavering in doubt, but strong in faith
and prayer ; knowing that He that was for us was
greater than any host that might be arrayed against us.
At first, one of the bearers refused to carry any one
whose face he did not previously see ; but his objection
was, fortunately, overruled by the servant of the Consul.
About a hundred yards from the entrance of the Pin-
heiros, two men were on the watch, at that point of
the road which is crossed by the Levado, and from
which our course diverged to the left. This was the
first danger we encountered ; but, putting on a bold
face, we advanced towards the spies. A suspicious
• Mr. Jardin, whose kind and active exertions throughout the day
I would here most thankfully acknowledge, as I am sure they were
appreciated hy all concerned.
 54

glance was directed at myself, the bearers, and the

hammock; but as we appeared to be going away from
those parts that would have led them to suspect the
hammock's contents, we were allowed to pass on
without molestation.
Before we had gone far, the end of the sheet was
lifted by one of the bearers, and an inquisitive look
directed within. I then handed into the hammock a
bottle of eau-de-cologne, which I carried in my hand,
to dispel suspicion. In a little time, expresssions were
heard, indicative that " it was no lady they were carry
ing!" Still we proceeded on our long, circuitous
journey, passing, ever and anon, little groups of curious
people, talking over the affairs of the day, and gazing
on the dense. column of smoke rising from Dr. Kalley's
burning library, etc., the papers from which were falling
around us. By and by we descended towards the
town, and the bearer who had lifted the sheet, exclaimed,
(It was hell for him,) " I cannot go any farther /" and
he stopped, and laid down the hammock. The moment
was a critical one ; but as the weather was truly op
pressive (for we had come under a burning sun) even
to one unencumbered with the weight of a hammock,
I did not oppose their resting awhile. I then gently
pressed them to proceed, and in a few minutes we
were passing the Deanery. Three several times did
they thus lay down, and as often were they induced to
resume their burden, each time pressing earnestly to
know whither they were going. This was a question
that could be answered only at the risk of our lives.
I mentioned, therefore, the name of a street close to the
pier from which we were to embark, and by which it
was necessary to pass. We were now fairly in the
heart of the town, and expressions were more than
once heard —"It is he." We passed the Convent of
Santa Clara, and the Consul's servant declared he could
not go a step further, and would not. It was a trying
position, and things were becoming imminent; for the
 55
mob, having failed in obtaining possession of Dr.
Kalley's person at Santa Luzia, had assembled in front
of the Consulate, where, as I have already said, his wife
and brother-in-law's family had previously taken refuge.
Here they insisted that Dr. Kalley was secreted, and
loudly demanded his person. While thus engaged in
insulting the British Flag, and on the very point of
breaking into the official residence of our Consul, a
party of soldiers, sent by Colonel Teixeira, was drawn
up in front of the Consulate.
From the steps of St. Peter's another bearer was
procured, but the cry had just been raised, " Therms the
ConsuVs servant; that must be Dr. Kalley." We hurried
past the Franciscan Convent and the Castle, onwards to
the beach, while the cry of " Kalley," " Kalley," was
being carried from street to street, till it reached the
British Consulate. Three loud fiendish cheers, and
the living mass swept impetuously towards the pier,
diverted from the siege of the Consulate to the far
more exciting search for the Doctor's person. At
length, we reached the pier, the boat was in readiness,
the hammock put on board, and we were launched
upon the ocean. I turned round, and the whole beach
teemed with living beings. What a change had a
moment produced ! In our condition, and in theirs !
But a moment earlier, and we had surely been sacri
ficed to the fury of the mob. We were now out of
danger—we were beyond the murderer's grasp !
Once afloat we rapidly neared the steamer. From
other boats inquiries were heard in angry tones, as to
who was in the hammock, but the boatmen replied,
(ignorantly, or wilfully, I know not which,) that " it
was a sick lady, who was going to the West Indies by
the steamer." Arrived alongside, I mounted the side
of the Forth. The hammock was reported, and Captain
Chapman made his appearance. At first, visions of
quarantine passed before his eyes—then followed sundry
misgivings, and he hesitated for a moment before a
 56
stranger's mysterious story. It was, however, but for
a moment. A little explanation drew forth the hearty
welcome, true generosity, and genuine hospitality of
the English character.
Captain Chapman now offered to go himself to the
Consulate, and I thankfully accepted a seat in his gig,
and the escort of an English uniform. The beach was
literally covered with human beings, as we approached
the shore, but, probably not being recognized, I was
allowed to pass with him unmolested through them, and
along the streets. Soon after our arrival at the Con
sulate, the mob again appeared in front of the building,
where the ladies were still seeking protection. Here
the ringleaders loudly haranged them, and the whole
multitude, amidst shouts and cheers, and threats and
yells, daringly entered the gate, and penetrated the
inner quadrangle of the BRITISH CONSULATE,
declaring they would burn it to the ground ! The ruffians
ran up and down like wild beasts, and " Larga fogo,
larga fogo" (set fire, set fire) resounded from all quarters.
Captain Chapman was at this time most active in
repelling, and driving them out : and his presence
effected what that of any resolute, determined man in
uniform, and thus in apparent authority, would have
done before. And this, by the bye, reminds me of
a strange, unaccountable fact. The British Consul
throughout the day appeared in a sailor's round jacket !
The Consular uniform did not suffer the indignities,
to which the person of the Consul was exposed at the
hands of the people. The flag too of England, instead
of flying triumphantly over the heads of the English,
lay furled in the lockers of the Consulate ! While
insults were thus accumulating, the Consul returned
from Santa Luzia, and addressing the people, assured
them that Dr. Kalley had embarked in the steamer.
But this was not believed. Further indignities must be
borne by the English. The Representative of the
Crown of Great Britain must accompany the ringleaders
 57

to the ship, and gratify the rabble by ocular demon

stration. And HE DID SOU! The police magistrate
had already been off, and asked to see the Doctor,
but his demand had been refused. When, however,
the Representative of Britain requested it, Dr. Kalley,
in order to save those dearest to him on earth from
being murdered, or burnt alive in the Consulate,
consented to this indignity. The Doctor shewed him
self, and the Consul returned ! ! !
Mrs. Kalley and a native female servant were sent
on board soon after, with some of the wreck of their
property, and the Forth steamed away for the West
Indies. On my return to the Pinheiros, I found that
we were threatened with an attack during the night,
and I was pressed by my friends to return to the Con
sulate, where Dr. Miller and the ladies had determined
to remain. This, after what I had already witnessed
there, I of course refused, and soon afterwards we heard
the cheers of the mob, as they returned from the Caminho
de Meio. They had rushed thither to wreak their
vengeance on the Protestant Christians, but these had
all left their property at the mercy of the ruffians, and
had retreated to the mountains for safety. Tired, weary,
and intoxicated, the ruffians were heard of no more that
night. The constant occupation of the mob during the
day, doubtless, averted the intended attack on the Misses
Rutherford's residence. But the 9th of August must
have been to them a day of fearful suspense. Fancy
three ladies, imprisoned as they were in the Angustias,
looking at the dense volume of smoke rising from the
residence of their "beloved physician," and being told
that he would probably be murdered. Fancy, moreover,
the police assuring them that they too would be attacked
at the Ave Marias, and their feelings during that day
may, perhaps, in some degree, be imagined ! *
* At one period of the day, the party was on the eve of starting
for the Consulate—so little did they imagine the state of that besieged
and insulted building. A Portuguese servant discovered, however, in
 58

The reader will have formed his own opinion, as to

whether the Portuguese and British Authorities took
such steps as they were called upon to do in the case
of the Angustias outrage ; and whether, had other steps
been taken, as we in the strongest manner entreated,
this second outrage and the destruction of life and
property which ensued, would have been prevented.
He will remember that the first attack was made on the
residence of unprotected British ladies. These ladies
were daughters of Oliver Rutherford of Edgerston,
Sheriff of the County of Roxburgh. We have but one
word to add to what has already been stated—which is,
that, from the date of the outrage on the 2nd to their
embarkation in the ship " William," on the 11th of
August, not a single Portuguese, or British Authority,
either in his public or private capacity, visited the Misses
Rutherfurd, or the premises so disgracefully outraged !—
a circumstance well worthy of record in the annals of
chivalry of the nineteenth century ! !
I must now call the reader's attention to the circum
stances immediately preceding, and attendant upon, this
barbarous attack on the residence of Doctor Kalley.
The reader is already aware that full notice of the
intended outrage had been furnished to the Governor
and the British Consul. I have now to add, that, during
the few previous days, a paper had been carried from
house to house, for the proprietors to express their
acquiescence in the forcible expulsion of the Doctor
from the Island. And this, as it bore the semblance of
priestly, if not of civil authority, few, who knew of the
open threats of the rioters, and of those who instigated
them; and who had, moreover, the outrages of the

time that the British Consulate promised less protection than the
Angustias itself! ! The police officer had advised them as soon as
possible to leave their house, and seek protection in the Consulate,
as he had it from authority he could not doubt, that now the mob had
got the power, they meant to use it, and that both Dr. Miller and the
Misses Rutherfurd were to be forced on hoard the next steamer ! !
 59
preceding Sunday vividly before their eyes, had the
moral courage to resist :—for " the fear of man bringeth
a snare."* It were well, however, if the Authorities
had confined themselves only to this plan for encouraging
the rioters, by making it appear as if the people generally
were indignant at Dr. Kalley. They went further.
On the Saturday, the police summoned the shoe-makers
and their apprentices, f who form a very considerable
body, to be present next day, professedly to assist in
suppressing disturbances. Many of them were in the
crowd of the 9th, but were never called upon to separate
from it! Several afterwards expressed their sorrow for
having formed part of that multitude, and declared that
they never tcould have done so, butfor the directions of the
police! On their way to Santa Luzia also, the police
pressed into their service all whom they met on the
road—no inconsiderable number, as may be imagined*
on a festival, and at the most public hour—and obliged
them to proceed to the scene of outrage. J But as these,
like the shoe-makers, were not kept distinct from the
hostile crowds, nor allowed even to attempt to restrain
the rioters, they only afforded, by appearing to be of their
party, a more feasible pretence to the Authorities for
refusing to the English protection !§ During the pre
ceding week it had been currently reported that the

* Prov. xxix. 25.

t This startling fact is stated on the authority of a gentleman, long
resident at Madeira, and whose word is a guarantee for the truth of
the statement.
X Many, remembering former kindnesses received at the hands of
Dr. Kalley, willingly attended, with the expectation of being enabled
to do him service, by assisting to quell disturbance. But they did
nothing, because the Authorities gave no sign whatever of a desire
for such assistance !
§ The mob on this occasion was not, it will be seen, wholly com
posed of enemies, and for reasons stated above. Dr. Kalley's real
enemies were the Priests, the Authorites (who, swayed by priestly
influence, and for other reasons detailed in a former chapter, sacrificed
honour, justice, and British rights), and a small band of hired ruffians,
animated by the connivance of the Government.
 60

police magistrate was to head the crowd, in their march

from the place of rendezvous to Dr. Kalley's house !
They were allowed to assemble at the appointed well-known
time and place, armed with bludgeons, without inter
ference ! And they formed themselves into a regular
body, only when the Master of Police appeared on
horseback in the neighbourhood of the Cathedral!
The services of an officer of police,* who had been
dismissed from that Force only a short time before,
for assisting emigrants from the Island, without passports,
were secured as a principal ringleader, by a promise of
restoration to his former situation ! And such restoration
actually took place, before my departure from Madeira
on the 30th of the month ! f
The people marched to the scene of action, followed by
a subaltern's guard, when there were from 250 to 300
soldiers in garrison at the time ! The Civil Governor and
police Magistrate were present at the work of destruction !
The officer of the guard frequently asked permission of
the head of police to disperse the mob, but was told on no
account to do so ! Colonel Teixeira, the military com
mandant, knowing what was going on at Dr. Kalley's
house, and having received no requisition for more troops
than a small guard, proceeded in person to the scene of
plunder, told the Civil Authorities that he had field
pieces and plenty of troops ready for action, and asked
permission to bring them up. He was informed there was
no need whatever for them ! And this, reader, when the
mob was actually destroying the property ofone of our coun
trymen, and thirsting for the blood of an English physician !

* On mentioning this man's name to Dr. Kalley, some time after

wards, he told me that he recollected him very well as one, who had
often insulted him, when stationed, as a police officer, at his gate, to
prevent persons from coming to hear the holy Scriptures read ; and
who had afterwards been attended as a patient, and been supplied with
advice and medicines gratuitously by the Doctor.
t My authority for stating this fact, is a resident at Madeira, whose
intimacy with the upper classes of Portuguese enabled him to arrive
at indubitable facts.
 61

The Civil Governor afterwards attempted to rest his

defence on the inability of the force at his command to
repel the mob ; but fortunately for the cause of truth,
there were such men at Funchal as Colonel Jose
Teixeira Rabello, Military Commandant, Major
Guerra, Commandant of Engineers, Ensign Antonio
Figtjeiredo and others, who were witnesses of his
treacherous and scandalous conduct. Why, the Military
Secretary had in the morning with but six men, driven
the whole force back at the point of the bayonet, as they
attempted to pass the main guard ; and compelled them to
take another and more circuitous route ! At another part
of the day, when they attacked the house of Mr. Telling,
an English resident, a single officer kept the mob
at bay, by drawing his sword, and threatening death
to the first man who dared in any way to outrage
the property ! Witness also the conduct of Captain
Chapman, aided, I believe, by a single midshipman !
And say, whether the Governor's plea is not an additional
insult to the common sense of our country. By such
slight means, energetically brought into operation, might
the mob have been kept in subjection, during any part
of the day ! ! !
 CHAPTER 1Y.
BRITISH SUBJECTS DRIVEN AFLOAT AND INTO THE CONSULATE
FOB PROTECTION ; AND NATIVE CONVERTS SEEKING REFUGE
UNDER THE BRITISH FLAG.

" For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will
I rise, saith the Lord j I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at
him."—Psalm xU. 5.

Thus did the Civil Authorities of Madeira, finding that

they could not, by course and sanction of law, remove
one from the Island, who had broken no law, consent to
see him driven from it by a mob of ruffians ! Thus
did they suffer themselves to unite with the priesthood,
and a hired rabble, to carry out the wished for object !
But did they think that matters would rest quietly here ?
Could they imagine that a mob, having tasted the sweets
of power, would willingly resign it ? Was England
too to be silent under the insults and indignities of her
Representative, or under the gross and accumulating
outrages on her subjects? Was the open violation of
law—was the trampling under foot of Treaties, and the
British Flag together, to be treated as a light offence ?
Alas, their short-sightedness would appear not to have
calculated on consequences. They had thought of their
one design, but had not foresight to look beyond it.
The cause of Christ—in the persons of Christ's little
ones—was, if possible, to be put down, and it mattered
not what stood in the way.
Such, then, was the outrage of the 9th of August—
a day ever to be remembered by our sick and suffering
countrymen, the persecuted, and the poor. He who
 68
had long brightened by his presence the chambers of
sickness—who had alleviated by his skill, or soothed by his
sympathy, the pains of the suffering patient—he, who
had introduced among the peasantry the Word of God,
which had been brought home by the Spirit to many a
broken heart—he who to the poor had also been a faithful
friend, and who cared at once for their bodies and their
souls, was driven from amongst them at a moment's
notice, before the concentrated weapons of apostacy—
before the Government, Priests, and a hired rabble, all
acting in dreadful unity ! United in one common hatred
to the Gospel of Christ and its followers—united in
and filled with the spirit which urged on the work of
Calvary !
He had gone, and the Government triumphed in
the deed. But while his enemies, who knew him not,
rejoiced in having banished from their shores one, who,
they said, had " disturbed their consciences," those who
knew him, mourned as for a friend and a brother. Many
too of the first families in Madeira, who were strongly
opposed to him on religious grounds, grieved for the
loss of a valued physician. We remained long enough
in the Island to see and feel the dreary blank, and letters
from sorrowing friends still speak most forcibly of their
loss.
Thus, reader, was the residence of an English subject
broken open under the Sabbath's noonday sun—his
property plundered—his papers and library burnt, and
himself forced to flee from the Island for his life. Dr.
Kalley was living in peace and quietness at Santa Luzia,
and had not only broken no law, but, while he believed
the decision of the Court of Relagao in Lisbon, regard
ing him of December 7th, 1844,* to be inconsistent
with the Treaty between Great Britain and Portugal,

* By which decision, the Judge of the Conservatorial Court was

ordered to indict him for blasphemy, in virtue of one of the ancient
law of the Inquisition !
 64

and with the terms of the Portuguese constitution and

law, he had, ever since he heard of that decision, uni
formly and strictly kept himself within the limits assigned
to him by it. And this, I say, not merely from per
sonal observation and knowledge, during my residence
in the Island, but from the more valuable and united
evidence of various residents there, who had the best
opportunities of knowing intimately his movements, and
of some who would not willingly have testified in his
favour.
The rulers would doubtless have rested satisfied with
the events of the past week. Not so, however, the
Priests, (who were set on the banishment of the Native
Protestants,) nor their hireling mob. The impetus had
been given by authority, and now what authority could
arrest its progress? On Monday the 10th, threats con
tinued to be extended towards various British subjects.
The city was filled with sinister-looking men, who, as
Dr. Miller and myself were riding quietly through the
principal street, openly hooted and hissed; insultingly
pointing, with an air of triumph, to the sea. On the
following day, a placard appeared on the walls of the
castle—the Governor's Palace—insisting that certain En
glish families should leave the Island before the coming
Sunday, on which day the ruffian band daringly threat
ened to come with 4000 men for the answer of the
Government ! ! Soon after breakfast, the Consul came
to Dr. Miller, in great perturbation, to say that there were
dreadful threats against him, and all in any way connected
with Dr. Kattey ; adding that, if they did not leave the
Island, the villains threatened to treat them as they had
treated him. Our remaining on shore now seemed
impossible, and in the afternoon the Misses Rutherfurd,
Dr. Miller, and myself, deemed it absolutely necessary
for the personal safety of the ladies, to place every indi
vidual of our several families, on board the ship William,
of Glasgow, then lying in the Bay. Thus were thirteen
British subjects, ten of whom were females, driven by
a treacherous Government to seek for shelter in a British
ship ! Thus were three English ladies, lying danger
ously ill, brought to the very brink of the grave, and
this, because, where energy and decision were looked
for, apathy and supineness prevailed !
• In the morning I had asked the Administrador do
Concelho for a guard of police to escort us to the beach,
which he readily promised. This I had done, because a
young man, who had been Dr. Kalley's groom, was now
with us, and it was of the greatest importance to the lives
of the invalid ladies, that no disturbance should occur
in our passage to the ship. Just, however, at the moment
of starting, a note arrived from the Consul, which I
must here give to the reader, that he may be fully aware
of the state of a Government, which had first led on its
people to outrage, and now found its power transferred
to the mob :—" I have had a message from the police
office to say, that your man servant had better be sent
down quietly, and unattended, in a palanquin,- as it seems
there is a strong feeling against him, and the consequence
of his publicly appearing is dreaded!" This, I think,
will give the reader some idea of the alarming aspect
of affairs at the time of our embarking in the ship
William! The whole Island in the power and at the
command of lawless rioters ! The Government a mere
farce, the power of Government, by their own confes
sion, less than . nothing ! They had conjured up a spirit
in the people which they could not now control. Such
was the state of matters on shore when we sought refuge
on the sea. And yet there were British merchants at
Funchal, who afterwards had the assurance to declare
there was no cause for alarm ! They had said the same
on the previous Saturday, but did that avert the fearful
outrage of Sunday ? Some there assuredly were, who
had no cause to fear the anger of the priests or the
priest-led people. That party in our Church, which has
already so strengthened the ranks of Rome, and from
which so much is expected, could look for nothing from
 66

her but the right hand of fellowship. The jackal needed

not to fear the lion. Those who supplied the Virgin
Mary with her festal clothes—those whose barrels of
oil illuminated the temples of idolatry—those who could
tell one on his way to offer succour to ladies in distress,
to " let the ladies look after themselves "—those like him,
who told the Captain of a British Ship, that " he was
not bound to receive us on board" at a time when our
lives were threatened on shore, (but who received the
stern reproof,—" But, Sir, I am an Englishman ! ")
These, I say, had nothing to fear from friendly Rome.
It was those who sympathized with, or succoured
the poor converts to the truth, even though they never
had, nor indeed could have spoken to them on religious
subjects. It was those who presumed to stretch forth a
helping hand to men, women, and children, who, having
a right to protection under the Constitutional Charter of
their country, were placed beyond its pale without a crime.
It was against these that all the powers of supersti
tion, fanaticism, popery, were raised. No wonder then
that Mr. and Mrs. Dyster, and Mrs. Freeman, whose
whole lives had been lives of love and charity to the
poor, should have been singled out for vengeance. Their
crime was excessive liberality to an ungrateful people !
Soon were they driven from their country residences,
(in Mr. Dyster's case, ten miles distant from Funchal,)
to seek, in the Consulate, that protection which was
denied them elsewhere.*
But thus far I have spoken only of British subjects ;
let us now see how the Native Protestants of Madeira
• Mr. Dyster's was one of the names included in the placard posted
on the Castle walls ; and on his seeking protection, in consequence,
from the authorities, six young soldiers were sent to Campanario, his
country seat! And here we may mention that the Governor, about
this time, requested the Military Commandant to send six soldiers to
the Serra, where many Protestants reside, and where a general attack
upon them was threatened. The Commandant replied, that he would
not make fools of his soldiers— that he Would not send six men, hut fifty,
which number he accordingly sent.

X '
 67
were being treated by their countrymen—Protestants, who
desired to live quiet and peaceable lives, and in strict
obedience to the laws of the land. We have seen the day
after the outrage of the 2nd of August, open with the
fiercest threats against them. These were repeated from
day to day. At length a series of attacks was com
menced, and carried on without opposition, upon the
houses of all the Portuguese families who had left the
Church of Rome. Every night we heard of some new
instance of violence and cruelty, till at last they felt them
selves under the necessity of seeking safety in flight. On
the evening of the 5th, many houses were plundered by
bands of marauding ruffians, and sixty or eighty of the
converts were compelled to leave their homes, and pass
the night in the mountains. Night after night these
bands continued to repeat their desolating work ; and in
greater and greater numbers were the believers driven
from their houses :—till, on the Sunday, many hundreds
of Portuguese subjects, obnoxious to the priests only on
account of their adherence to Gospel truth, had fled
for their lives. The mob had broken open their doors,
and destroyed their windows, furniture, and other pro
perty; trampling under foot the grapes and corn of
those who possessed vineyards and gardens. When the
work of destruction was done in the town and neigh
bourhood, the ruthless persecutors followed the scattered
flock to the mountains, hunting them down like beasts
of prey. Those that loved Christ were hated by man.
For them there was no security—no law. They were
pilgrims in a land that was their own. Heirs of
heaven, they were strangers in their native Isle. Had
they remained quietly in their houses, who can tell
the scenes of bloodshed and murder that would have
resulted? But these they had left, and were praising
their God in the mountains ! They had fled to the dens
and caves of the earth, and were they forgotten or
deserted there ? Reader, " can a woman forget her
sucking child, that she should not have compassion on
f 2
 68

the son of her womb ? Yea, they may forget, yet will
I not forget thee"* saith the Lord. Though they had
lost their earthly all, Christ was still their own. They
were sorely tried, and vexed, and troubled, but none
could rob them of that precious promise, " Lo ! T am
with you alway, even to the end of the world."f
Through waves, and clouds, and storms,
He gently clears the way ;
Wait thou His time—the darkest night
Will end in brightest day.

They had Him to flee to, in the midst of all their trials
and all their distresses, who was tempted in all points
like as we are, but is now, as man, exalted to the right
hand of the Majesty in the heavens ; while, as God, He
is everywhere present with His people, and engages to
employ omnipotence for their defence and salvation.
Joseph and Paul enjoyed His presence in the prison ;
Daniel, in the lion's den ; Shadrach, Meshech, and Abed-
nego, in the burning fiery furnace. It is in seasons like
these, the Christian's especial privilege to call upon his
God. " Call upon me," saith He, " in the day of trouble ;
I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me. "J Thus
was it now with those in the mountains. They were
enabled to say, in the spirit of thankfulness,

Not what we will, hut what we want,

O Lord, in grace supply ;
The good, unasked, in mercy grant,
The ill, though asked, deny.

They knew who it was, that commanded His followers

not to fear " them that kill the body, and after that have
no more that they can do."§ They knew the tenderness
of His loving-kindness, and were assured that their trials
were not for His pleasure, but their profit. They said,
therefore, in their hearts, " The thing proceedeth from
the Lord."!! " Let Him do what seemeth Him good."H

* Isa. xlix. 15. t Matt, xxviii. 20. X Psa. 1. 15.

§ Luke xii. 4. II Gen. xxiv. 50. f Sam iii.18. •
 And they heard a voice saying unto them, in reply,
"Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father's good
pleasure to give you the kingdom."* " Rejoice, and
be exceeding glad, for so persecuted they the prophets
which were before you. "f
How would men of the world have felt in such
circumstances as these? Would they not have said, in
the despondency of their hearts, " Behold, all these things
are against us," or been roused to seek revenge ? How
different the conduct of Christians ! A furious storm
of human passion was raging around them, but they felt
assured that it was under the control of their Father,
who maketh even the wrath of men to praise Him, and
that it was merely to humble them and to prove them,
and to see if they would keep the commandments or no :
to do them good at the latter end.% Feeling this, they were
enabled, by the Spirit of God, to look beyond the
present world. They were living by faith, and not by
sight; and though all around was dark and lowering,
and the sky portended a fearful continuance of the hurri
cane, they knew that the Lord was in the storm, and
from the midst of the bitterest blast they cried out,
each one confiding in that heavenly Father's love, " Not
our will, O Lord, not our will, but thine alone be done."
" Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him."% In
those mountains the earth was their bed, and their cover
ing the canopy of heaven. They were cast out from
among men, with hatred and contempt. They were
deserted by their relatives and friends. They stood
alone; and yet not alone, for their Father was with
them. Conscious of utter weakness in themselves, they
felt the power of God's promises in the heart, and were
fully persuaded that what He had so freely promised,
He was able and willing also to perform. They there
fore waited in patience to know the result, bending

• Luke xii. 32. t Matt v. 12.

% Deut. viii. 16. § Job iii. 15.
 70

their will to the will of God. By thus confiding in

Jesus, they experienced a sense of peace and security,
and rejoiced in the mountain wilds, with a joy more
real and precious than any that the world can know.
Nor were they disappointed in their hopes. They soon
heard that the ship William had received on board those
who sympathized in their cruel sufferings. And the
very first night after we embarked, several of the poor
persecuted ones were safely treading the deck of the
William. It was a truly interesting sight—to see the
boat sweep along side, doubtful at the moment whom
it might contain ; then to see one after another mounting
the side of the ship—casting a wistful eye around, lest
perchance they might have missed the looked-for vessel;
to witness the affectionate meeting, as they caught the
eye, and afterwards the hand, of a well-known sym
pathizing friend. It was most affecting to see the tear
of joy, the look of gratitude, that beamed in the face of
each poor sufferer, as he first set foot upon an English
deck, and once more breathed the air of freedom and
of liberty. It rejoiced the heart to see the tear of
gladness—to hear the prayer of intercession for their
enemies, and the hymns of praise and gratitude from
night to night, as their numbers increased, and they now
flocked in crowds to seek amongst strangers that shelter,
which their countrymen refused them. Old and young,
strong and infirm, girls and women with children at
their breasts—all hurried to the William, knowing that
here were hearts beating with tender affection for Christ's
suffering flock.
I wish I could recount the marvellous escapes of some
through the brushwood of the mountains, while their
enemies were in full pursuit—the hair-breadth escape
of others, who left their homes at midnight, and never
were permitted to enter them again,—who left them to the
robber and the plunderer, and never found shelter more
till they found it in the William of Glasgow. I have
a letter before me, from one, who, writing from Trinidad,
 71

speaks thus of her wanderings in the mountains of

Madeira :—" I cannot narrate in writing the afflictions
we suffered, nor even by word of mouth could I tell
them. I can only say we fled from our home on Saturday
night, and wandered fugitives for thirteen days. But
God in his mercy sent us a ship one day after the sad
9th of August, to deliver his children from the fangs
of their enemies, and from the snares of the devil. We
cannot give the thanks due to God for his mercy towards
us. God fulfilled his word,—' When thou passest
through the waters, I will be with thee; and through
the rivers, they shall not overflow thee : when thou
walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned ; neither
shall the flame kindle upon thee.'"* Every night added
to the list of native converts rescued from the assassins'
grasp. But all did not escape so well. On the morning
of the 9th, the day of attack on Dr. Kalley's house,
the nephew of a poor woman, who had just been obliged
to fly from the house, was found at the door, as the
ruffians came to attack it. He was but twelve years
old, but his youth was no protection. He was knocked
down, and violently beaten, receiving a dreadful blow
in the head, which for a considerable time confined him
to the hospital. On the same day, a poor old woman was
dreadfully beaten, and the mob, supposing her dead,
dragged the body to the spot where two of the converts
had been buried on the public road.f There they laid
• Is. xliii. 2.
t As if it were not sufficient for the Church of Rome to be con
tinually persecuting the converts to Gospel truth, she denies, in
direct violation of the laws of Portugal, their very bodies sepulture in
the only legal cemetery, and decrees that they be buried in the public
roads. Scarcely twelve months since the Authorities of Madeira, not
content with ordering a Protestant's body to be thus buried in the
public road, insisted on its being buried in front of his own door, in
order that the family might daily step over it. Happily the rock pre
vented the accomplishment of this iniquitous design, and he now lies
on one side of the door. Verily "the righteous perisheth, and no man
layeth it to heart." (Isa. lvii. 1.)
 72

her upon the grave. She remained in this state a con

siderable time, and was then carried to the hospital;
but having refused to attend confession, on which terms
only she was offered her life, she was cast out to perish.
She was afterwards taken in again, and notwithstanding
one arm was broken, and her whole body a mass of
bruises, recovered, and sailed in the Lord Seaton for
Trinidad. Poor Mariasinha ! hers was one of the most
fiery of all the trials of those stormy days. Canon Telles
attacked her again and again, and the most fearful
threatenings were employed to force her to confession.
She was five weeks alone amongst her enemies ;—speaking
of which time subsequently to a Christian friend, she
shuddered as she thought of the blasphemies she had
heard from the lips of the other invalids, and from the
attendants. May her patience, and her strong and simple
faith have been blessed as a lesson to some one among
them ! It is interesting to tell how this poor one of
the flock, weak both in mind and body, was made
strong to witness a good profession in the hour of trial.
During this conversation, which the English lady declared
to be a solemn lesson to her, she said '' much had been
forgiven her, and truly she loved much.' Another woman
was treated in a similar way some days later, and shortly
after, a man was barbarously murdered in open day by
five or six ruffians, who, not content with having mur
dered him, jumped and stamped, like fiends, over the
mutilated remains. For this murder four men were
committed to prison, and during the week a gaol delivery
was everywhere spoken of, as the work of the coming
Sunday. On the Saturday preceding, being the eve of
the great Mount Festa, the city was filled with strangers.
At intervals during the day two English ships, lying
next to us, fired their guns, to show the people, as the
Captains remarked, that afloat, at least, the English could
and would protect themselves. This, I believe, gave great
offence to the Portuguese Authorities; but there is no
doubt the effect on the people was good. The military
 73

officers ashamed of the scandalous affair of last Sunday,

met together in their quarters, and resolved amongst
themselves to put down all attempts at disturbance,
independently of any requisition from the civil authori
ties ; ' seeing,' as they said, 'that the Administrador
do Concelho had lost the public confidence, and had
been the promoter (as they were ready to prove, if the
inquiry were proceeded with) of all the disorders, in
concert with the Canon Telles and other Priests ; ' and
a message to this effect was sent to the Governor.
Throughout the week some very clever and ludicrous
squibs were posted in different parts of the town, and
it was the constant work of the police to search them
out, and pull them down. Some caricatures also ap
peared in which certain public characters were by no
means spared* On Sunday, the 16th of August, a
good many boats were pulling and sailing about our
vessel, with insulting parties on board, singing songs
against the Calvinistas, and in one we recognized the
boys who held the lights before the ruffians, on the
night of the Angustias outrage, as they entered the
invalid's chamber. Crowds of people were in the town
from all parts of the Island. Upwards of two hundred
assembled, as on the previous Sunday, in the neigh
bourhood of the cathedral armed with bludgeons; but
on hearing of the determination of the military, and
not meeting with their friend the Police magistrate, as
they had done before, dispersed, or rather went in
search of the native converts in the country, fearing
that an attack on the gaol would only meet with certain
defeat and loss. The two neighbouring ships continued
firing their guns at intervals throughout the day, for
which I believe they incurred the penalty of a consular
reprimand.
The William had now received on board all the
* Some wag fixed, among other papers, on the door of the British
Consulate—" To let, with immediate possession." " Furniture for sale,
the occupier being about to leave the Island," ^c.
 74
converts she could accommodate, and as it was impossible
for these poor persecuted ones, either to appear on shore,
or to satisfy the priests' demands, it was necessary that
something should be done to remove the difficulties of
procuring their passports. A deputation accordingly
waited on the Governor, and obtained from him a
dispensation as to personal application, and also as to
the certificates of church attendance, which are always
insisted on, before a passport is given. So glad were
the Authorities at this time to sacrifice any consideration
to allay the fever which they had themselves excited !
On the 21st and 22nd the English party left the
William under the same, and only the same pro
mises of protection as the Governor had given to Dr.
Kalley, the very day previous to the attack on his house.
We had been on board ten days, and must all gratefully
testify, both for ourselves and the native converts, to
the uniform kindness that was shewn to us on all
occasions by Captain Lyon, the mate, and all the crew.*
In the case4 of the Rutherfurds and Millers, there
were insuperable reasons for their remaining at Madeira
through the approaching winter. In our own, the ex
citement was more to be dreaded than even the frosts
of an English winter. While, therefore, they returned
to the shore, our party embarked in the Grace Darling
for a passage to England.f But, alas ! the late excite
ment was producing its fearful results. On the 25th
a beloved mother was called home to her rest. She
fell a sacrifice to incapacity, treachery, and misgovern

* We would wish especially to mention the names, in addition to

that of Captain James Lyon, of Mr. John Gordon, the chief mate, and
George Lees, the Captain's steward, as well as of Mr. James Steel, the
surgeon, and his wife, as of those to whom we feel particularly indebted,
for their kind attention to the wants and comfort of all on board.
t We should have mentioned before that Senhor Arsenio sailed on
the 19th of August for Lisbon, driven from his home by the hand of
persecution, and only clandestinely reaching the Zargo, after encoun
tering many dangers !
 75

ment! How soon her death may be followed by that

of others, we cannot say; for invalid ladies could not
be expected to pass through such trying scenes, and to
come forth unharmed.
On the 18th of August, when obliged to remain
afloat for personal safety, Miss Rutherfurd received a
note from the Consul, requesting to be informed whether
she or any of her party would have any objection to
appear, ' in the event of his deeming it his duty ' (six
teen days after the outrage ! ! ! ) to ask for an enquiry
as to the facts of the attack on her house on the 2nd
of the month. To this remarkable request,* Miss
Rutherfurd replied, that she really could not tell what
might be her feelings on the subject, in the event of his
deeming it his duty to demand an enquiry, but reminded
him that all the witnesses, who could identify the guilty
parties (the police of course excepted, who could them
selves have done so long beforej were on the eve of
departure for Trinidad.
On the 27th, three days before our intended
departure, I was informed by the Consul that one of
the Chief Judges had expressed a wish to have my
evidence, as to the facts I witnessed on that occasion,
and offered to take it privately at his own residence.
To this I at first assented, but having been warned, im
mediately after despatching my letter, that it was a mere
plot to detain me in the Island, and thus prevent my
early return to England, I declined complying with
Judge Coelho's request. I felt confident that no good
end whatever could be answered, nor do I think one
was even intended. I could not conceal from myself
* When the police and soldiers, who arrested the miscreants in the
very act of outrage, could of course identify the persons they had
themselves conducted to prison, why did the Consul wish to expose
the lives of his countrywomen to the almost certainty of a fresh attack ?
At any rate, such a request after sixteen days' delay, after they had
been compelled to flee for their lives to a British ship, and after
his refusal to take any step, when his doing so would have prevented
further outrage, was somewhat astounding !
 76

the fact, that twenty-five days had elapsed since the

date of the outrage, and that all (but the Government)
witnesses, who could have identified the guilty parties,
had just sailed for Trinidad. I could not look with an
unsuspicious eye upon the fact of the two miscreants,
arrested in the house, having been at once released by
the Authorities. I was not unaware, too, of the posi
tion in which the Interpreter had been placed by
continual threats against his life and property. Under
all these circumstances I could not feel myself at liberty
—indeed I was resolved that nothing should induce me—
to expose another invalid relative to the risk of her
life, by any dealings with a Government which had so
treacherously promised, and then withheld, protection
to British subjects; thus destroying that prestige of
inviolability which had formerly been so well maintained
in the Island of Madeira.
On Sunday, the 23rd of August, the William loosed
her sails, and slowly and beautifully glided out of the
Bay of Funchal. There was something of deep solemnity
about her every motion,—carrying, as she was, two hun
dred Christians from the land of their fathers, to seek
a refuge in a land of strangers. Most of this large
party had left their homes at night, and could not,
without risking their lives, return to their ruined cottages
to collect any little property that might be left. Many
of them came on board with nothing but the clothes
they had on, and these in tatters from their wanderings
in the Serras. Yet during the days we sojourned among
them in that ark of refuge, not a word of repining
reached our ears, except from one or two unconverted
members of large families, who had not yet learned to
love the cause, for which the rest rejoiced to suffer.
The language of all the others was that of joy and
thankfulness to Him, who had called them ' out of dark
ness into His marvellous light ; ' * and who had now in
His mercy delivered them from their enemies on every
* Pet. ii. 9.
 77

side, and gathered them together in one family, and into

one refuge. The more that was seen of this persecuted
flock, in circumstances the most trying, the higher did
their Christian principle rise in the estimation of all.
Those only who know the general character of the Por
tuguese can form a just estimate of the total change
that must have passed on these converts. They had
become "new creatures" indeed. In the distribution of
clothes to the necessitous, * it was most gratifying to
witness the good feeling shewn by all on the occasion,—
to see not merely their willingness to share with one
another the bounty of their Christian friends, but their
eagerness to tell of the wants of others more destitute than
themselves. And in no one instance was there an attempt to
deceive, by any concealment of what they possessed. The
mate and steward both repeatedly remarked, "that they
had never seen folk love one another as these folk did."
Among the two hundred and eleven passengers of the Wil
liam, there was one Romanist family, who had long per
secuted the converts, and was now seeking a passage to
Trinidad as emigrants. Their extreme poverty excited
the lively compassion of those around them. After the
converts had each received from the hand of charity
their small supply of clothing, some of them came aft
to their benefactors on the poop, and begged to know
if they might now consider it as their own property,
and act accordingly. They were asked the reason of
the question, when they said, it was their wish to obey
their Lord's command—"Love your enemies, bless them
that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray
for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you." f
They were cheerfully assured that they might, and it

* The outfit of each poor convert was made up, by subscription,

to the following scale ; viz., three shirts ; one jacket ; one waistcoat ;
one pair of trousers ; one pair of boots ; and one straw hat, for each
man ; to each woman and child in proportion ; and one straw mattrass
for every two persons,
t Matt v. 44.
 78

was pleasing to see them share their scanty store with

their former enemies; thus affording a most beautiful
specimen of the spirit by which they were animated.
Their conduct throughout was such that the Romanists
openly expressed their wonder and astonishment. They
saw those who had little properties, (and there were
both land and householders in the William's band of
Christians,) parting with their houses and land, and all
they possessed, for the smallest trifle, counting " all
things but loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of
Christ Jesus our Lord."* One Portuguese gentleman,
talking on the subject, wound up by saying, that "if
he were called upon to choose a religion suddenly, and
without further thought, he believed he should fix upon
that of these people, because he saw them suffer without
complaining."
As was their conduct under persecution on shore, so
was their conduct afloat. They had chosen Christ, and
the only subject of their glorying was the Lord Jesus.
They looked not back upon the world, with all its
pleasures. From it, and from self, they had been
weaned by the Spirit of that God, who had been their
friend through evil report, and through good report;
who had been more than a brother to them, in sorrow
and in joy, by day and by night, at all seasons, and in
all circumstances. They knew that He, who had thus
watched over them, would not desert them in the land
to which they were now being driven, before the per
secuting hand of man. Christ, when on earth, said to
his disciples, "When they persecute you in this city,
flee ye into another."^ The Christian's kingdom is not

• Phil. iii. 8.
t Matt. x. 23. After reading, in the simplicity of their faith, the
words "if they have persecuted me, they will also periecute you," (John
xv. 20,) and " when they persecute you in this city, flee ye into
another," they felt that they must suffer persecution, as God had said
so. And after talking together on the subject, they applied to a
Christian friend as to what they should do when persecution came, for
 79

of this world; his kingdom is a kingdom set up by

the God of heaven. It is a kingdom which shall, in
God's own good time, break in pieces and consume
" all other kingdoms, but shall itself stand for ever."*
Rather than sacrifice one's inheritance in that kingdom,
it were well to flee, during a whole lifetime, from city
to city, or from one land to another, however severe
the trials, however great the earthly losses, however
cruel the personal sufferings. " The disciple is not
above his master, nor the servant above his lord. It
is enough for the disciple to be as his master, and the
servant as his lord."\ " If we suffer, we shall also
REIGN WITH HIM."J
And now why was all this grievous persecution carried
on against this little flock ? Were they traitors to their
country? There were none more loyal. Were they
disturbers of the peace? None were more peaceful.
Never, perhaps, were the members of any church more
"likeminded one toward another, according to Christ
Jesus,"| than the little flock at Madeira. Never was
there simpler faith, simpler hope, simpler love. Shining
as lights "in the midst of a crooked and perverse
nation," they held " forth the word of life ;" || constantly
provoking each other to love and good works. Their
humility, gentleness, guileless simplicity, and burning
love, were seen and acknowledged by their most bitter
enemies. Like the meek, who shall inherit the earth,
they would fain have been suffered quietly to delight
themselves in the abundance of peace. As followers
of the Prince of peace, they were peaceable and peace
makers. They desired peace with God, peace with

they could not flee to other cities, unless God were to open up a way
for them through the sea. His answer, delivered four years before,
they now called to mind, "if persecution should come to Madeira;
God would also send ships to deliver those who keep his word, as
surely as he delivered the Israelites from the power of Pharaoh."
* Dan. ii. 44. f Matt. x. 24, 25. J 2 Tim. ii. 12.
§ Rom. xv. 5. || Phil. ii. 15, 16.
 80

man, peace at home, peace abroad. But peace was not

to be purchased at the expense of principle. " The
wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable."*
To appease the enemies of Jesus, they would not cease
to read and obey the Word of God. And this was
THE SUM AND GROUND OF THEIR OFFENCE. They Would
obey the injunction of their Saviour, to " search the
Scriptures,"f and learn of Him,* instead of subjecting
their minds and will to the guidance and thraldom of
their fellow sinners, who in vain were serving God,
" teaching for doctrines the commandments of men."§
They had felt that the Word of God was a lamp unto
their feet, and a light unto their path;[| that, under
the teaching of God the Spirit, it converteth the soul,
and maketh the simple wise.f They had experienced
that " the words of the Lord are pure words ; as silver
tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times;"**—
" more to be desired by far than gold, yea, than much
fine gold ; sweeter also than honey, and the honey-
comb."ff Their conduct shewed that they really felt
this, and their enemies anticipated that what was sweet
to them, would soon be sweet to others. What had
led them, would lead others to cease from image-
worship, from the confessional, and from the mass.
Those that had learnt to discern the voice of Jesus,
would not "follow a stranger."JJ And it was felt that
their meek virtues, speaking the truth in love, having
the eyes of their understanding enlightened, and so
putting away lying, and speaking " every man truth
with his neighbour,"—served only, by contrast, to ex
hibit the deep dark features of those, who still had
"the understanding darkened, being alienated from the
life of God, through the ignorance that was in them."§§
When it was seen that the drunkard drank no more,

• James iii. 17. t John v. 39. % Matt xi. 29. § Mark vii. 7.
|| Psa. cxix. 105. If Psa. xix. 7. ** Psa. xii. 6.
tt Psa. xix. 10. \% John x. 5.
§§ Eph. i. 18, and iv. 18.
 81

and he that had stolen stole no more, but all were

"kind one to another, tender-hearted, forgiving and
loving one another," it was felt that their example
must soon influence others, and lead them also from
the delusions of Rome, to the bosom of the real,
loving, and exalted Saviour. " A little leaven leaveneth
the whole lump."* Such, reader, were the circumstances
which gave rise to that more open exhibition of the
working of the " mystery of iniquity ;'f to the more
decided revelation of that " Wicked,"J whose coming is
"after the working of Satan,"§ —"with all deceivableness
of unrighteousness ,"11—which was manifested in Madeira
in August last! Such the reason why the motley
multitude of rich and poor—the governor and the
governed—priests and people, rose up in battle array
against the little band of believers in Jesus ! and thus
drove them from the land of their fathers, to seek
across the Atlantic another land, and other homes, where
they might serve the Lord in peace !
Thus were driven from Madeira two hundred Pro
testant Christians, in the ship William, of Glasgow ;
followed, soon after, by nearly as many more, in the
ship Lord Seaton. Others are preparing to follow.
Still, reader, the word of God is prospering and ex
tending in Madeira; and may we not hope that it will
prosper, and that the tree, which the Lord hath planted,
will grow and thrive, and throw out new and even
stronger shoots? Oh, "who shall separate" those who
" are led by the Spirit of God,"1f " from the love of
Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or perse
cution, or FAMINE, or NAKEDNESS, Or PERIL, Or SWORD?
Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors,"
aye, much more than conquerors, " through Him
that loved us. For I am persuaded that neither death,
nor life, nor angels, nor 'principalities, nor powers, nor

• Gal. v. 9. f 2 Thess. ii. 7. J 2 Thess. ii. 8.

§ 2 Thess. ii. 9. || 2 Thess. ii. 10. f Rom. viii. 14.
 82

things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth,

nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from
the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.''*
No, as soon may we expect one tittle of God's word to
fail ; f as soon may we despair of the coming cry,
" Babylon is fallen !"% as soon may we expect the blood
of those " that were slain for the love of God, and for
the testimony which they held,"§ to remain unjudged
and unavenged, as that man shall stay the work of
the great Jehovah, who sitteth on the throne as King
of kings, and Lord of lords.

* Rom. viii. 35—39. t Matt. v. 18. J Rev. xviii. 2.

§ Rev. vi. 9, 10.
 CHAPTER V.

DISMISSAL OF THE PORTUGUESE AUTHORITIES ; DISCOVERT

OF STOLEN PROPERTY IN THE POSSESSION OF CANON
TELLES ; AND PRESENT STATE OF MADEIRA.

" Treasures of wickedness profit nothing."—Prov. x. ii.

It now only remains to speak of the proceedings of

the Portuguese Government with respect to these gross
violations of British rights, and of the present state of
the English, together with Christ's little flock amongst
the native population of Madeira.
On the receipt of official communications respect
ing these events at Lisbon, the British Ambassador,
Lord Howard de Walden, entered his protest against
the conduct of the Government. Commissioners were,
in consequence, immediately despatched from Portugal,
to investigate the circumstances connected with the
outrages of August. It will readily be seen, that most
of those, who could have brought home the charges to the
Government, priests, and people, having been forcibly
driven away, the accused parties would have every
advantage in clearing themselves of all participation in
the matter. Yet, in spite of the peculiar advantage of
their situation, and the very unfavourable position of
the outraged parties, they could not, even with Dr. Kalley's
manuscripts and papers in their possession, make out a
favourable case. Their guilt was too palpable. After
a 2
 84

ten days, the Commissioners intimated to the Civil

Governor and Police-magistrate, that they felt it their
duty to request them to resign. The Governor at once
consented : but not so the Administrador do Concelho ;
and his dismissal was instantly sent. Surely nothing
could shew more plainly than acts like these, the con
viction of the Portuguese Royal Commissioners, that
the Authorities of Madeira were identified with all the
outrages of the ruffian mob.
Shortly after Dr. Kalley's expulsion, the Consul had
proceeded to Santa Luzia to search for the plate which
had been buried in the Doctor's garden. When found, it
was, with other valuable property, received into the
British Consulate, where it remained for several days ;
but he afterwards delivered it all up to the Portuguese
Government, and I am given to understand that the
Depositary General, who received it into his charge,
has since absconded. This officer was also treasurer to
the Camara, and he has failed indebted to the Camara
9,000 dollars ; so that what has become of Dr. Kalley's
property is, at present, a mystery.
In the account of the conflagration at Dr. Kalley's
house, it was remarked, that some of the papers were
reserved for the employers of the mob. It was not long
before some of these were discovered in spite of the
cunning craftiness which generally clouds the Jesuit's
doings, in the possession of Canon Telles. The wily priest,
forgetting for once the deceivableness in which the deeds
of unrighteousness are generally enveloped, shewed to
a friend, Dr. Kalley's private journal, and assured him
that he had in his possession other papers belonging to the
Doctor. This friend of the Canon was, happily, an
honest man. He was indignant at the theft, and at
once mentioned the circumstance at Funchal. A few
days afterwards, he accompanied two British subjects,
likewise indignant at the Canon's conduct, to the Con
sulate, and deposed, on oath, to what he had seen and
heard. The way in which Dr. Kalley's papers had been
 85
taken and used by this dignitary of the Romish Church ' .
—all being part of one wicked plan and purpose—was
most infamous. The Consul was accordingly called
upon to take all proper steps for the immediate recovery
of these private papers, and to bring the possessor of
them (either the thief, or the receiver of stolen goods) to
justice. Whether the Consul earnestly and actively
resorted to every means in his power for the recovery
of this property—property, it will be remembered, of
the most sacred nature—we cannot say; for, as usual,
he gave no satisfaction as to what he^ could or would do
on the occasion. When the subject was brought before Sr.
Avila, the Chief Commissioner, he declared " that such
things were really shameful, and that he would commu
nicate with the new Governor on the subject." But
still the papers remain in the hands of the Portuguese
Government, to whom Canon Telles was compelled to
deliver them up I On the 7th of December, the Consul,
under instructions from Her Majesty's Government,
demanded, from the Governor, the immediate restitution
of the books and papers, belonging to the Doctor;
but His Excellency replied, that he did not feel
himself authorized to accede to this demand! This
intelligence was received by the last packet from the
Island; and along with it,' the still more startling
news, that, while the Governor stated to the Consul that
he did not feel authorized to give up documents placed
in deposit, he also did not feel justified, without an
ORDER FROM HIS GOVERNMENT, to adopt the USUAL
legal proceedings against the persons accused of
STEALING THE Doctor's BOOKS ! ! !
On the 10th of October, Sr. Avila sailed in a Portuguese
brig-of-war for Lisbon, to report the result of his
inquiries, leaving, at Madeira, Sr. Silvestre Ribeiro, who
had accompanied him from Portugal, and who had pre
viously been Governor of Terceira, formally installed as
Governor. To what point the report of the Commission
ers will tend, we can presume only from their actions
 86

with regard to the local Authorities. Whether anything

further would be recommended in regard to them we
know not ; but it was said that Sr. Avila was very desirous
that the Canon Telles should be brought to trial. It
would, indeed, be most desirable to see an example made
of such a man as Telles; but so long as the priesthood
has such power, and is itself so corrupt as to shelter
such a person—so long, also, as the Government bends
to that power, in order to secure its support and influ
ence—it will be utterly hopeless, however unquestionable
the evidence against him, to look for such a result. We
cannot, I repeat, for a moment expect any such act of
justice, when we see a free Constitution, like that of
Portugal, trampled under foot by a priesthood opposed to
all toleration, and the Government looking on, unable or
unwilling to resist. The Court of Lisbon is too firmly
held in chains by that of Rome, and any attempt to
bring the Jesuit priest to trial would only call forth a
severe remonstrance from that " man of sin," " who
opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called
God, or that is worshiped."* With regard to the
report, too, of the Commissioners, we must not expect
one in any way favourable to the spread of the Bible.
They cannot deny that the outrages took place, that the
injuries were actually inflicted, and that the Authorities
were bound to prevent them; for the Treaty engages
that British subjects in Portugal "shall enjoy all the
privileges, immunities, and protection of the most favored
nation. That they shall be entitled to travel, to reside,
to occupy dwellings and warehouses . . . without the
smallest let, and without any hindrance whatever. Their
dwellings, warehouses, and everything belonging thereto,
shall be respected, and shall not be subjected to any
arbitrary visits or search. No examination or inspection
shall be made of their books, papers, or accounts, without
the legal sentence of a competent Court or Judge."f
* 2Thegs.ii. 4.
t Article I. of the Treaty between Great Britain and Portugal.
 87
By deposing the Authorities, the Commissioners have
already declared their guilt. Whether it is likely that
they will give a correct report as to the cause of the
outrages, we may judge from the following facts.
They heard but one side of the question. Dr. Kalley's
enemies were present, and in power, prepared with
every evidence that could be collected by the priests,
(to whom a circular had been issued, marked "imme
diate and confidential") and holding in their possession his
private papers. He himself was absent, and his friends
intimidated, or driven from the Island. Those on whom
intimidation would have no effect were not examined ;
or to those, who were examined, questions were put,
which were really calculated to elicit nothing. When
these witnesses voluntarily stated important facts, they
were not noted down—and this most cursory examination
was in the presence of the British Consul, who did not
protest against it!
We must not omit, by the way, to mention a very
curious document, which was carried to Lisbon by the
Commission, as a part of the evidence brought before it.
This was no other than a petition to the Queen of
Portugal, begging her to issue a decree " against
Foreign Missionaries, and their agents, foreign and
native." This petition was signed by one hundred and
seventy-eight persons, consisting of forty-three Employes
of Government, as the Civil Governor, Judges, Public
Prosecutor, &c. ! thirty-eight Priests ! nine brothers and
near relatives of the author of the hostile pamphlet,
mentioned in Chapter I., together with himself! seven
Surgeons and Apothecaries ! and eighty-one others
among whom are relations of Priests, &c. — total, one
hundred and seventy-eight.
It was, moreover, carried for signature by Canon Telles.
who had but ten days before appeared at the head of
the mob ; and this, too, at a time when the rioters were
all-powerful, and British subjects wereflying to ships in tlie
 88

bay, and to the Consulate for protection ! The mere

signing of the petition, which concludes by praying the
Queen to decree means for preventing that, which
they attribute to Dr. Kalley, shews that the Authorities
wished that done, which the mob carried into execution.
Truly the wish fathers the act. But there is something
still more curious about this petition. It actually
declares that all the means which the laws in force afford,
had been employed in vain against Dr. Kalley; the
judges and others thus proclaiming to the world in the
clearest manner, that the Doctor had broken no law—-
AND YET IT CONDEMNS HIM !
We know not yet what steps have been taken by
Her Majesty's Government, beyond sending out the
Bull- dog steam vessel, and subsequently the Recruit
Brig, for the protection of British interests. On the
arrival of the latter, with Government despatches, the
Consul shewed more firmness, and on his urging the
subject hard upon the Governor, nine or ten per
sons were, about the end of October, apprehended
and lodged in prison, charged with being engaged
in the riots. This was three months after the date
of the outrages, and the mob . ere long collected to
force the prison, and set the prisoners free. But
the Governor's firmness at once put a stop to their
proceedings. The Bishop, who had returned a few
days before, put himself at the head of a subscription
list to assist these rioters—pay for their losses—support
them in gaol—and provide counsel for their trial, while
a member of the local Government sat as one of the
committee to raise the funds ! The officers of the
Recruit looked for nothing but the mockery of justice.
The only result anticipated was a great increase of
irritation and enmity towards Protestants, whether British
or Native. The prisoners were already vowing vengeance
upon them, declaring " that as they were the cause of
their imprisonment, they should pay for it." Even in
 89

the prison, the friends of the Bishop attacked and

threatened the friends of the Protestant* prisoners.

* There are still many Protestant prisoners confined in the gaol of

Funchal, some of whose cases are hard and distressing in the extreme.
The following is the case of six now in the gaol, and given in the
Defensor, one of the Public Newspapers, dated the 30th May, 1846—
the Editor of which, it may be here remarked, was threatened with
murder in August last "On the 20th of the current month, there
was tried in open court a cause of importance, because involving one
of the most serious constitutional questions. In November of last
year, several persons of the parish of Santo Antonio having met one
Lord's-day evening, in their own house, to listen to the Bible, several
police officers, and persons whom they called to aid them, went thither
and summoned those individuals to surrender themselves prisoners ;
and entering into their house, against their will, one of the police
wounded the owner of the house ; they did not, however, succeed in
arresting them till next day, when soldiers went thither from the city
for that end. The public prosecutor accused them of the crime of
resistance of justice. Dr. Barradas defended the accused. The police
and their assistants were witnesses for the prosecution. All of them
concealed the fact of their having entered the house, but this was
proved by the declaration of one of themselves at a previous examina
tion, and by a witness for the defence.
" In vain did the advocate shew that there was no case of disobedi
ence or resistance, for they were not charged with any crime, on account
of which the police could legally have sought to arrest them. They were
only charged with resisting the police;—except in cases of delictum
flagrans no one can be arrested, without the written order of a legal
authority, and the police had gone without any such order;—the house of
a citizen is an inviolable asylum, into which no one can effect a violent
entrance—therefore the police and their assistants were guilty of
assault;—where law ends, tyranny begins, and it is the right and duty
of every citizen to resist it. In vain with these and many other argu
ments, whose evidence no sensible and impartial man could resist did
he demonstrate that in the facts imputed to the defendants there was
no crime, but the legitimate exercise of a constitutional right. Not
withstanding all, the jury found in these facts the crime of resist
ance proved ; and some jurymen, I am informed, lamented that there
were not more counts against them, for they would have declared them
all proved !
" When the jury, the natural guard of constitutional privileges,
sanction by their decisions arbitrary acts which violate their privileges,
alas, for liberty ! To-morrow they may be victims of the same illegal
acts, which they sanction to-day. Who will then regard their cry?
Tyranny is like fire ; vires acquirit eundo."
These prisoners were condemned to ten months' imprisonment,
 90

One, who was visiting her husband, was dreadfully

insulted and threatened on her way out. And her
husband was separated from his friends, and placed
amongst a vile set of fellows in one of the lower rooms.
Several English subjects were said to be singled out,
as especial objects of ill-will, when " the martyrs of the
Romish Church," as the rioters are called, are set free.
Nothing was expected of the trial, if to trial they should
ever be brought, for it was thought by all, that no
jury would find them guilty, supported as they were
by the Bishop, and no judge would condemn them.
They are not besides the most guilty parties. These will
probably contrive to keep themselves free, though not
unknown to the Authorities of Funchal.
But in addition to this, the Public Prosecutor, whose
duty it is to institute proceedings—the priests, from
whom information was sought—and the judges, before
whom alone the case can come, all joined in signing
a petition to the Queen of Portugal, extenuating the guilt
of the rioters, and condemning Dr. Kalley ; and that, on
the very day after thirteen British subjects, driven from
the Island by the threats of the populace, had taken refuge
in the bay. How can these judges, I would ask, who have
already virtually prejudged the case, impartially conduct
the proceedings ? How can they try the case ? But
this is not all, the very jurymen will probably be chosen
from among those who signed the petition—itself a tissue

counting from the date of their arrest, and though these ten months
were completed on the 16th of September last, they were retained in
gaol, and were still there in the end of December, without any prospect of
release, because the public prosecutor had appealed against the sentence
as not sufficiently severe ! Appeals are sometimes unanswered for
years ! !
The widowed mother of two of the prisoners had been arrested along
with them, but was released without trial. Her store-house was burnt
to the ground and her dwelling set on fire, by incendiaries, on the 2nd
of January, 1846, since which time, having been obliged by the perse
cution to flee to the West Indies, she has fallen a victim to fever. Her
husband was buried in the public road in 1845, on account of his
adherence to Gospel truth.
 91

of falsehoods—unless protested against by the British

Government !
In the midst of all this, the state of our invalid
countrymen is represented as most uncomfortable.
There is a sad spirit of irritation afloat, and over many
families, supposed to sympathize with the exiled Chris
tians, a vigilant watch is kept. Everybody has some
new warning to give, or some new report to tell. And
all these reports and tales of what is said and done,
true or untrue, have a very distressing effect on the
invalids, who seem to have quite lost the feeling of quiet
security, which formerly existed. When the poor people
come and say they have " much thirst" to hear the
Word of God, for they cannot read it themselves, and
now their friends are gone, they can get no one to read
it to them, Englishmen are obliged to tell them that
they dare not do so ! The servants are regularly
catechised as to the doings of their masters and mis
tresses, and as to the persons who frequent the house !
Such is the state of continual espionage to which English
residents are exposed at Madeira, living by toleration
and not by treaty* It is not a month ago since a
sermon was preached on a festa day, in one of the
churches, the greater part of which, if my information
be correct, was directed at one of our countrymen,
charging him with teaching heresy secretly ; insisting
that a strict watch after his motions was requisite, and
that it might also be necessary to drive him from the

* In speaking of the uncomfortable position of the English resi

dents at Madeira, we do not of course include those of whom we
have spoken in a previous chapter, and who can coolly look on
at people perishing for lack of knowledge, without one feeling of
sympathy, but with those who withhold from the people the salt of God's
most holy Word; forgetting that " they that be wise shall shine as the
brightness of the firmament, and they that turn many to righteousness
as the stars for ever and ever." " Feed my sheep,"—"Feed my lambs,"
are commands addressed to each individual member of Christ's Church,
as he has opportunity. Will any excuse against the performance of
so clear a duty avail in the day of the Lord's appearingl
 92

Island as Dr. Kalley had been driven in August. Mr.

Dyster, too, has been compelled to shut his hospital,
and so to give up his benevolent work among the sick
poor, to whom he had so long been as a friend and a
brother. The rage against him was great. The moral
atmosphere of Madeira seems indeed more gloomy than
ever, and very many invalids, who are now residing
there, talk of leaving, without intending to return. At
present their number amounts to but half of that of
previous winters!
A word now respecting the natives whose late trials,
I rejoice to say, have been blessed to many a perishing
soul. Yes, many of the people are now rejoicing
readers of the Bible, who cared nothing about it before,
and whose curiosity was first excited by the exulta
tions of the mob over its consuming embers in front
of Dr. Kalley's house. There are hundreds, I un
derstand, that would throw off the mask of Romanism
if they dared, and are reading in secret the precious
truths of the Gospel, without present courage to come
forward and follow the Lamb " whithersoever he goeth;"
while others, who were amongst the most bitter oppo
nents of the Bible readers, are now the staunchest sup
porters and friends of Protestant truth. Truly " man
proposeth, but God disposeth ;" and his wise and glorious
ends are often wrought out by his fiercest enemies. Soon
after the 9th of August, an apprentice to a shoemaker
came into the workshop with some sheets from one of
the Gospels, which had been picked out from the burn
ing heaps. He read a good deal of it aloud, and the
awl and thread fell from each one's hand. He read again,
till he and others were so interested that he suddenly
crushed it up in his hand and put it in his pocket. It
was " tao bonito " (so good) " that he was afraid to read
any more, or he too should begin to believe." But the
crumpled papers were safe in his pocket,—and who can
say whether they may not yet be to him and to others
the word of life ? " The wind bloweth where it listeth,
 93

and thou nearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell
whence it cometh and whither it goeth."* But the
Priests were soon at work. Great exertions were made
by them and their agents to bring back the converts
to the Church of Rome ; and a few, under the fear of
man, fell back into darkness, but even these, we heard,
were soon struggling their way back to the light—rest
less and unhappy—and longing for what they had given
up. The Spirit that had wrought in them before, was
soon working in them again to will and to do of His
good pleasure. One poor woman who fell is described
as a most deeply humbled penitent, and enabled by
grace to cleave anew to Jesus. She besought her Chris
tian friends to pray for nothing in her case, but pardoning
mercy, and grace to keep her firm unto the end. Much
grace is being needed, and God may take to himself
great glory still. The converts generally, though not
at present suffering personal violence, are still subjected
to much persecution from relatives and neighbours.
But they have, with very few exceptions," kept their
steadfastness, and there is ground to hope that the Word
of God, though bound by man, has had free course and
been glorified. There is still great threatening of further
persecution, and several hundreds are preparing to fol
low their brethren to Trinidad. They were all much
alarmed, on the arrival of the Bishop, by a report that
his lordship had issued orders to the vicars of the
several parishes, to send in correct lists of all the faithful
adherents of the Church of Rome, in order that he
might see what heretics yet remain. The Protestants
intend to refuse to conform, whatever may happen—
quietly but firmly—and, if threatened, to go to the
Governor, state their case to him, claim his protection,
and make his answer known. One appeal of the kind
had been attended with success. A poor woman, whose
husband had been in the habit of brutally ill-treating
her, because of her love for the Bible, wished very
• John iii. 8.
 94

much to leave him and go to Trinidad. For this pur

pose she had taken refuge in a ship in the Bay, bound
for the West Indies, but on search being made she was
found and sent on shore. She was taken before the
Governor, and, on being asked, stated her reasons frankly
and plainly for wishing to leave her husband and her
home; viz., that she could not conscientiously go to
confession and mass, and that her husband ill-treated
her in consequence. The Governor told them both to
go in peace, and each to follow their own religious opinions,
desiring the woman, if her husband used her ill again,
to come and let him know. This is so far well, and a
few more appeals directly to the Governor would be of
service. But the Bishop is too powerful for the Go
vernor. He has just ordered all young persons to be
confirmed, and directions are then to be given for all
the inhabitants to attend confession and mass. Those
who refuse to obey this arbitrary decree are to be pro
ceeded against for heresy and apostacy ! Such is the
present state of the native Protestants of Madeira. The
enemy talks largely, and hopes now to carry all before
him. But " the Lord reigneth" over all, and will
only permit his plans to prevail in so far as it may please
Him, and may be ultimately for His glory.
It was currently reported that the Bishop, on leaving
Madeira for Lisbon in the beginning of 1846, had de
clared he would never return so long as Dr. Kalley
was allowed to remain in the Island. On the Doctor's
expulsion we accordingly find his lordship again within
his diocese, and issuing to his flock, on the 30th of
October, a most extraordinary effusion in the shape of
a pastoral. After speaking of the "proud and satanic
philosophy" of the " Inimical Man" spreading like lava,
and burning the " fertile and pious field of the Church,"
to which he traces the potato disease, and other calami
ties of his country, he proceeds to God's supposed
motives for removing the impiety and scandal from that
part of the " beautiful daughter of Zion." " The prayers
of the just," says his lordship, " the tears of the sinner,
 93

the conversion of the impious, and the blessing which

perchance should come from Heaven on our vows and
feeble pastoral endeavours, and the apostolic labours of
our colleagues, are motives sufficiently worthy to
disarm the arm of the Lord's justice, and to challenge
his clemency, especially as He tells us that the economy
of Omnipotence often employs weak instruments to con
summate great undertakings. It may be, then, for such
reasons, that the Lord, compassionating your troubled
situation, condescended to excite and direct, by the way of
MODERATION AND CHARITY, ( ! ) your PURIFIED RELIGIOUS
zeal, ( ! ) and national energy, ( ! ) and by an extraordi
nary mode, and perhaps strange in the eyes of the world,
to snatch from the midst of this flock, already almost torn
to pieces, that wolf from Scotland. . . . Blessed be the
God of mercies, and Father of all consolation, who thus
condescended to succour us, and console us." He then
enjoins the priests, on the first Lord's-day after receiving
the pastoral, to convocate the Faithful, their charge,
to the Church, and after reading it, " to sing the hymn
' Te Deum laudamus ;' " exhorting them, first, that they
" unite devoutly their prayers to those of the Holy Church,
in thanksgiving to the Lord for having taken from above
His people the scourge of heresy, with which, in the
days of his anger, he had visited them."* Such was the
approbation given to atrocious outrage by a Romish
Bishop in October, 1846, and published in the Madeira
newspapers in November. What will Rome not venture
yet to do in this enlightened nineteenth century ? Many
even of the Portuguese profess themselves ashamed of
the Bishop's Pastoral ; nevertheless, it finds a ready echo
in the heart of many a nominal member of the Protestant
Church of England. The Pastoral was printed in the
form of a tract, and a lady, connected with the Church
of England in Madeira, distributed copies of it, as
PRIZES to the MOST DESERVING CHILDREN in the School, of
* The Pastoral accuses Dr. Kalley of " dictating to the people
those doctrines of yesterday, conceived in impiety, by caprice, and
extracted from the dark bosom of protestantism."
 96

which she and others of our country women have the super
intendence and charge. The solemn warning of the Living
God, to those of his people who are entangled in the
delusive snares of Popery, is loud and clear : *' Come out
of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins,
and that ye receive not of her plagues."* Yet alas !
how many are there in our own beloved church, who,
having been freed from the enslaving thraldom of Rome,
shut their eyes to her guilt, and are longing to em
brace her again, and to ^return to union with her !
It is melancholy to look at infant churches abroad,
such as Tahiti, Madagascar, New Zealand, Madeira, and
to see the fatal influence of the " man of sin," who
tracks the truth, wherever it is preached, only to
confound it with error. But is it not cheering to find
these things are, after all, no more than the Word of God
would teach us to expect. Wherever the good seed is
sown, tares will abound. Nor are we to expect a
final separation till the end of this dispensation, when
the Lord "shall send forth his angels, and they shall
gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and
them which do iniquity." f When the Lord cometh,
" shall he find faith on the earth ?"$ It was foretold
that that day should not come, without a falling away
first, preparatory to the man of sin, the son of per
dition (bearing the same nature and character as Judas,
the false apostle and traitor), putting on his final form
of development, and that "Wicked being fully revealed,
" whom the Lord shall consume with the Spirit of his
mouth, .and shall destroy with the brightness of his
coming." § It is evident, then, that, at the time of
Christ's coming, there shall be a full manifestation of
that wicked one. || Antichrist shall be rampant ; that
old serpent, the devil, shall put forth all his venom ; and

* Rev. xviii. 4.
t Matt. xiii. 41. J Luke xviii 8. § 2_Thess. ii. 8.
|| In the singular, both in Isa. xi. 4., and 2 Thess. ii. 8.
 97

fearful tribulation shall come upon the earth. "In

the last days perilous times shall come."* Look, then,
to the signs of these very times, crowding upon us at
the present hour. "Evil men and seducers wax worse
and worse, deceiving and being deceived." f The dis
coveries in science, and the facilities of communication,
so peculiar to these days, carry us back to Daniel,
when speaking of " the time of the end!''' " Many
shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased."*
The scoffers, too, mentioned as a sign of the last time,
are multiplying around us, and saying, "Where is
the promise of His coming V % On the earth there
is remarkable " distress of nations, with perplexity ;"
" men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking
after those things which are coming on the earth," ||—
wars, rumours of wars, famines, and pestilences, and
earthquakes, — and the love of many waxing cold,
because of abounding iniquity.^ These are solemn
signs of solemn times. Clouds are gathering; a fearful
storm is approaching. Parties are mustering for the
conflict. The man of sin is arising, and girding him
self for the fight, thirsting, meanwhile, for the blood
of the saints. In Madeira, we see him striving to
"wear out the saints of the Most High;" and in our
own country " thinking to change times and laws."**
He is gathering fresh strength, and preparing for the
final struggle. But the time allotted to his power is
short—even to the little horn of Daniel's vision, in whom
were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking
proud things. Though now that horn be permitted
to make war with the saints, and to prevail against
them, yet it is only until the Ancient of days come,
when judgment shall be given to the saints of the
Most High, and they shall "possess the kingdom for
ever, even for ever and ever."ff Events are hastening
• 2 Tim. iii. 1. t 2 Tim. iii. 13. i Dan. xii. 4. § 2 Pet. iii. 3, 4.
|] Luke xxi. 25, 26. f Matt. xxiv. 12. *• Dan vii. 25.
ft Dan. vii. 18—22.
H
 98

to a crisis ; and when that crisis comes, well will it be

for those who are sealed with God's seal—whose names
are written in the Book of Life ; who shall be with the
Lamb, "called, and chosen, and faithful."* "Yet a
little while, and he that shall come will come, and will
not tarry."-f- For the coming of the Lord draweth
nigh.J Reader, are you ready, like the Christians of
Madeira, to follow the Lamb, whithersoever He goeth;
— not merely through scoffs and reproaches, but
through trials, and troubles, and cruel persecutions—
even though they lead to death itself? Are you pre
pared to leave all, and follow Him ? " Watch, then,
for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come;"§
lest, coming suddenly, He find you sleeping. What may
happen this very year, 1847, no one can tell—no, not
the angels of God. We know that the coming will
be sudden and unexpected. " The day of the Lord
will come as a thief in the night." || Men of business
will be eager in their business, men .of pleasure in
their pleasure. For " as it was in the days of Noe,
so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man."H
" Be ye therefore sober, and watch unto prayer."**
What can be a more powerful incentive to increased
efforts for the salvation of souls, than the simple fact,
" The Lord is at hand?"-J"f- How would his servants
wish to be fpund by their returning Lord ? " Occupy
UU I come"%% is the charge they have received of him.
There is no time to lose. The talents must at once
be put out to interest, or the opportunity will be lost.
See, then, "what manner of persons ye ought to be,
in all holy conversation and godliness, looking for and
hasting unto the coming of the day of God."$$ " There
fore be ye stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in
the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that
your labour is not in vain in the Lord."|||| " Verily

» Rev. xvii. 14. f Heb. x. 37. J James v. 8. § Matt. xxiv. 42.

|| 2 Pet. Hi. 10. f Luke xvii. 26. ** 1 Peter iv. 7. ft Phil. iv. 5.
# Luke xix. 13. §§ 2 Pet. iii. 11, 12. |||| 1 Cor. xv. 58.
 99

there is a reward for the righteous."* " The Lord,

the righteous Judge " will soon come, and his reward
with him. He came first to purchase a reward for his
people—he comes a second time " with " the reward
to bestow it. f He came once to endure travail, he is
coming again, that he may see of the travail of his
soul and be satisfied. " Christ was once offered to bear
the sins of many ; and unto them that look for Him, shall
He appear the second time, without sin, unto salvation."]:
Then fear not trials and persecutions, which are but
for a season. " Let not your heart be troubled, neither
let it be afraid." § You may now have sorrow, but
what saith our gracious Saviour ? " / will see you again,
and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh
from you." || /' / will come again and receive you unto
myself." Yes, He will come again, bearing a crown
with him, " a crown of righteousness ;" but, oh ! re
member for whom! "for all them that love His appear
ing. " ^[ Reader, ask yourself the solemn question,
would His appearing gladden or make sad, delight or
alarm your soul? Would you, if you could, put off
the Lord's appearing ? Would your cry be " not yet,
not yet." Then it is plain you do not love his appearing.
" Thy kingdom come !" To utter the words is
easy, but how many, it is to be feared, insincerely
offer that prayer, knowing not what they ask ! Think
only, if God should take them at their word, and
the Son of man were now to come " in the glory of His
Father with the holy angels ! "** How soon would their
language be changed ! See that you be sincere in
your prayer for Christ's coming, and the more joyful
as ye see the day approaching. To love and invite His
appearing, is the part and privilege of the Bride. Does
the Lord himself say, "Behold! I come quickly/'ff
the Spirit responds, " Come." The Bride joins in the
*Ps. lviii. 11. - f Rev. xxii. 12. t Heb. ix. 28.
§ John xiv. 27 H John xvi. 22. II 2 Tim. iv. 8.
** Mark viii. 38. tt Rev. xxii. 7, 12, 20.
 100

invitation: " The Spirit and the Bride say, Come."*

There cannot be lukewarmness and indifference, where
there is true love. Shall the Bridegroom promise, " /
come quickly," and the Bride be unconcerned? Shall
He graciously reiterate the precious promise, and still
find no response ? Shall the Lamb say, " I, thy Maker,
thy Husband,,'-f I who " have betrothed thee unto me
for ever," + Behold, I come quickly,—and the Lamb's
wife be dumb to the appeal—dumb to the joy of her
Lord ? Surely such is not the nature of bridal love.
If the Spirit says, " Come," the Spirit in us and the
true church will also say, " Come ;" and if any man
have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of His. §
But in order to be enabled to echo the voice of the
Spirit, the Spirit itself must bear witness with our
spirits, that we are the children of God. || We must,
therefore, if we have not this inward witness, |||| ask our
heavenly Father for His Holy Spirit, to draw us unto
Christ, that we may be made His children by adop
tion and grace.f For unless we come to Christ, we
can never welcome His coming to us. We shall fear
and tremble at the thought. If we desire not the grace
now, we shall only dread, hereafter, the wrath of the
Lamb. And yet how free and full is the invitation to
us, if we will but come unto Him, that we might
have life.** Is any one excepted from that blessed
invitation, almost the last in the Bible, as though the
Lord would have the words ever ringing in the ear,
and recurring to the mind? Is the fountain, opened
for sin and uncleanness,-f"|- closed to any ? Do we not
read, in the conclusion of the Book of Revelation,
"Let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will,
let him take the water of life freely." %% Nothing
but the will is required. The invitation is pressed
upon all. While,, therefore, " the Spirit and the Bride
• Rev. xxii. 17. f Isa. liv. 5. % Hos. ii. J9. § Rom. viii. 9.
II Rom. viii. 16. |||| 2 Cor. i. 22; 1 John iv. 13. f Gal. iv. 5.
** John v. 40. ft Zech. xiii. 1. It Rev. xxii. 17.
 101

say. Come," let every one that heareth, unite his voice
to that of the glorious band, and say, " Come," too.
But if we say in our hearts, " My Lord delayeth his
coming," * and begin to strive with our fellow-servants,
and to please the world, making provision for the flesh
to fulfil its lusts, instead of following after peace and
holiness, are we likely to be found as servants, who
wait for the coming of their Lord, our loins girt, and
our lights burning ? Will not that day come upon us
unawares, unprepared to stand before the Lord, at his
appearing? And if so, our house toill be left unto us
desolate. The Saviour himself will be our enemy; and
who shall "hide us from the face of Him that sitteth on
the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb?"f He
that once pleaded for us will laugh at our calamity.
He will mock when our fear cometh, when distress and
anguish are overwhelming our soul.\
Reader, the signs of the times are thickening before
you—the signals of our Lord's near approach. When
ye see " these things begin to come to pass, then
look up and lift up your heads, for your redemption
draweth nigh."§ The Lord is at hand. While you
have breath say, " Come." And then who can tell
the exceeding greatness of that joy, when the church's
oft-repeated prayer shall be finally answered — when
the long-wished for Lord shall appear in his glory—
when the cry shall go forth from one end of the
world to the other, " Behold, the Bridegroom cometh ! "
Oh, the joyful sound to a believer's soul! "It is the
voice of my Beloved ,-"|| " My Beloved is mine, and I
am his."^\ He saith, " Surely I come quickly." " Amen,
even so, COME LORD JESUS." **

* Matt. xxiv. 48. t Rev. vi. 16. J Prov. i. § Lukexxi.28.

II Sol. Song v. 2. f Sol. Song. ii. 16. •• Rev. xxii. 20.
 102

The Church has waited long

Her absent Lord to see ;
And still in loneliness she waits,
A friendless stranger she.
Age after age has gone,
Sun after sun has set,
And still, in weeds of widowhood,
She weeps a mourner yet.
Come then, Lord Jesus, come !

Saint after saint on earth

Has lived, and loved, and died,
And as they left us, one by one,
We laid them side by side.
We laid them down to sleep,
But not in hope forlorn,—
We laid them but to ripen there
Till the last glorious morn.
Come then, Lord Jesus, come !

The serpent's brood increase,

The powers of hell grow bold,
The conflict thickens, faith is low,
And love is waxing cold.
How long, O Lord our God,
Holy, and true, and good,
Wilt Thou not judge Thy suffering church,
Her sighs, and tears, and blood !
Come then, Lord Jesus, come !

We long to hear Thy voice,

To see Thee face to face,
To share Thy crown and glory there,
As now we share Thy grace.
 103

Should not the loving Bride

The absent Bridegroom mourn ?
Should she not wear the weeds of grief
Until her Lord return ?
Come then, Lord Jesus, come !

The whole creation groans,

And waits to hear that voice
That shall restore her comeliness,
And make her wastes rejoice.
Come, Lord, and wipe away
The curse, the sin, the stain,
And make this blighted world of ours
Thine own fair world again.
Come then, Lord Jesus, cornel

FINIS.

T. C. JOHNS, #
Wine Office Court, Fleet Street
1
•',•

;•*•'

*,-*£

I %yTk