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BTech Chemistry Lectures Summary Slides
BTech Chemistry Lectures Summary Slides
BTech Chemistry Lectures Summary Slides
L-T-P-C: 3-2-0-4
Lipids
Sterols
Chemistry of DNA?
Heterocyclic Compounds
Heterocyclic Compounds
• Any of a class of organic compounds whose molecules contain
one or more rings of atoms with at least one atom (the
heteroatom) being an element other than carbon, most
frequently oxygen (oxa), nitrogen (aza), or sulfur (thia).
• Lowest number assigned to the hetero atom with the highest precedence:
O>S>N
NH
S O
thiacyclobutane 1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane
Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Compounds
piperidine purine
Important Purines and Pyrimidines
Basic Reactions Related to Heterocycles
Carbohydrates?
• “Hydrates of carbon” with a common formula Cm(H2O)n. Generally poly-
hydroxy aldehydes or poly-hydroxy ketones or the organic compounds,
which can yield the above compounds on hydrolysis.
Glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone
Glyceraldehyde Erythrose Ribose
CHO CHO
CHO
H OH H OH
H C
CH2OH CH2OH
HO CH2OH
(R)-(+)-glyceraldehyde
CHO CHO
CHO
HO H HO H
HO C
CH2OH CH2OH
H CH2OH
(S)-(-)-glyceraldehyde
2
place at
CO2H the top 4
H
1 H2N H 4 2 HO2C NH2 1
hold steady CH3
CH3
rotate other 3 3
three groups
counterclockwise
1-2-3 counterclockwise = S
2
4 2
CO2H
H CO2H
4 H 1 2
NH2 1 H2N
H2N CO2H CH3
CH3 1 3
CH3 H
3 4
3
1-2-3 clockwise = R
Assigning R and S Configurations
Epimers
CHO CHO
H OH HO H
HO H HO H
H OH H OH
H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
D-glucose D-mannose
epimers
Found in RNA
Anti vs. Syn
Nucleotides
• Nucleotides are phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides.
• The –OH groups of monosaccharides can behave as alcohols and react with acids
(especially phosphoric acid) to form esters.
Adenosine Tri Phosphate
Cyclic AMP
Adenosine 3'-5'-Cyclic Monophosphate (cAMP)
A T
2-deoxyribose
2-deoxyribose
G
C
2-deoxyribose
2-deoxyribose
Amino Acids?
Types of Amino acids
Small Amino acids
Aromatic R-groups
Isoelectric Point
Peptide Bond
The Chemistry of Vision
The Chemistry of Vision
The Chemistry of Vision
The Chemistry of Colors
The Chemistry of Taste
The Chemistry of Taste
8 3
Vasopressin
8
Dopamine, Serotonin & Norepinephrine