Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BSC Report
BSC Report
NAME
KOK XUAN YING
STUDENT ID
0322929
TUTOR
AR EDWIN CHAN
CONTENTS
2.0 DRAWINGS 5
3.0 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES 9
Required Formula
SPACE A: MEZZANINE DINING AREA
Floor Plan
Section
Daylighting Contour
Average Daylight Factor
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
The site of the community library design proposal is located at Jalan Besar, Klang. The rear
facade of the building receives eastern light in the morning and front facade receives western
light in the evening.
ar
Bes
n
Jala
The library is placed in a row of intimate-‐scale shophouses with front facing another row of
shophouses and the rear facing shophouses and dense vegetation
3
Figure 2. Shadow
casting on site at
0900, 21st Jun 2018.
up
N
Figure 5. Ground floor plan.
up
N
Figure 6. Mezzanine floor plan. Highlighted area shows the space selected for analysis.
5
dn
N
Figure 7. First floor plan.
Figure 11. Longitudinal secaon of whole building. Highlighted area shows spaces selected for analysis.
8
3.0 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES
REQUIRED FORMULA
In the early stages of building design, the average daylight factor may be used to access the
adequacy of daylight. The values of these quantities are determined from the given data and
W, T and R are connected by using factors given in the BS Daylight Code and other
publications.
Where,
W is the area of the windows (m²).
A is the total area of the internal surfaces (m²).
T is the glass transmittance corrected for dirt.
θ is the visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window.
R is the average reflectance of area A.
up
N
9
Figure 13. Section of mezzanine dining area at 0900.
This space receives a little morning light from the rear facade but is mostly shaded by upper
floors slabs and surrounding walls.
This space did not receive any amount of light from the front facade as it is surrounded by
walls.
The lighting contour shows the space is mostly shaded with
only small windows openings towards the rear facade being
the brightest part of the space indicated with warmer tone
and it gets darker towards the other end, indicated by cooler
tones.
10
m
5.05
5.5m
3.7m
21.5º
4.955m 4.955m
Area of windows (W, m²) L = 1.2, H = 1.08, Number of windows = 2
(1.2 x 1.08) x 2 = 2.592
Total area of internal surfaces (A, m²) Dimensions of space
L = 9.91, W = 12.25, H= refer to Figure 16
2 {5.5 x 4.955 + 1/2 x (3.7 + 5.5) x 4.955} + (5.5 x 12.25) + (3.7 x 12.25)
+ (9.91 x 12.25) + (4.955 x 12.25) + (5.05 x 12.25)
= 100.091 + 67.375 + 45.325 + 121.398 + 60.699 + 61.863
= 456.75
Glass transmilance corrected for dirt (T) 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment)
Visible sky angle in degrees from centre 21.5 (obstrucaon from upper floor)
of windows (θ)
Average reflectance of area (R) 0.5 (light coloured room surfaces)
N
Figure 17. Overall and enlarged
third floor plan.
Figure 18.
Section of
silent
study area
at 0900.
This space
did not
receive
any day
light from
the rear
facade.
12
Figure 19.
Section of
silent
study area
at 1800.
This space
receive
great
amount of
receding
evening
sun light
from the
front
facade.
13
7.0
m
8.5m
5.0m
5.975m 5.975m
Figure 21. Dimensions of curtain wall for silent study area.
Area of windows (W, m²) L = 5.975, H = refer to Figure 21
(1/2 x (5 + 8.5) x 5.975) = 40.33
Total area of internal surfaces (A, m²) Dimensions of space
L = 15.0, W = 12.25, H= refer to Figure 12
2 (5 x 15) + (15 x 12.25) + 2 (7 x 15) + 2(5 x 12.25 + 3.5 x 6.125)
= 150 + 183.75 + 210 + 165.375
= 709.13
Glass transmilance corrected for dirt (T) 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment)
Average reflectance of area (R) 0.5 (light coloured room surfaces)
14
Average Daylight Factor (DF) Average DF = W x Tθ
A (1-‐R)
= 40.33 x 0.6 (85)
709.13 (1-‐0.5)
= 2056.83
354.565
= 5.8%
*According to MS 1525, this room is considered bright but
certain areas are dependant on minimum amount of
artificial lighting due to its uneven distribution of light.
15
4.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES
REQUIRED FORMULA
Room Index, RI is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and
luminaire planes
RI = L x W
(L+W)(Hm)
Where,
RI is the room index
L is the length of space (m)
W is the width of space (m)
Hm is the mounted height of fitting above the working plane (m)
The lumen method, (also called zonal cavity method), is a simplified method to calculate the
light level in a room. According to this method, the light fittings (luminaires) are to be mounted
overhead in a regular pattern. The luminous flux output (lumens) of each lamp needs to be
known as well as details of the luminaires and the room surfaces.
N = E x A
F x MF x UF
Where,
N is the number of lamps required or illuminance level
E is the required lux (lx)
A is the area at working height (m²)
F is the initial luminous flux for each lamp (lm)
UF is the utilisation factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the
room surfaces
MF is the maintenance factor, an allowance reduced light output because of deterioration and
dirt
16
SPACE A: MEZZANINE DINING AREA
Power (W) 60
Luminous Flux (lm) 2000
Colour Temperature (K) 3000
Colour Designaaon Warm white
17
Room /Index( RI, K) RI = L x W
(L+W)(Hm)
= 9.91x 12.25
(9.91+12.25)(3.6)
= 121.398
79.776
= 1.52
LUMEN CALCULATION
Lux required, IES Standard 300
Illuminaaon (E)
Area at working plane height (A, m²) Dimension of mezzanine dining area
L = 9.91, W = 12.25
9.91 x 12.25 = 121.4
Luminous Flux (F) 2000
Reflectance of room surfaces Light grey steel deck ceiling = 0.7
White plastered wall = 0.5
Grey-‐washed concrete flooring = 0.3
Ualizaaon Factor (UF) 0.59 (based on UF table)
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8
Lumen Calculaaon (N, number of N = E x A
lights) F x MF x UF
= 300 x 121.4
2000 x 0.8 x 0.59
= 36420
944
= 38.6
= 39 lamps
Fitng layout (where Smax is Smax = 1.0 x Hm
maximum spacing, m) = 1.0 x 3.6
= 3.6
Distance between lights is not greater than 3.6m
18
S1 Figure 22. Reflected ceiling plan showing light fixture
S2
S3 layout based on lumen method calculation.
S4
Each light fixture is installed 1.5 to 2m apart from one
1.76m
19
PSALI INTEGRATION
Based on lumen method calculation, light fixtures connected to all switch 4 are turned of while
the other 3 switches are turned on in the morning (0900 -‐ 1500) when minimum natural
sunlight can enter the space through the window. In the evening (1500 -‐ 1900), all switches
are turned on as no sunlight are able to penetrate into the space.
Figure 24. Light fittings near the window facing rear facade are turned off when sunlight
comes in through the window (0900 -‐ 1500).
Figure 25. All light fittings are turned on when there is no sunlight illuminating the space (1500
-‐1900).
20
SPACE B: SILENT STUDY AREA (Third floor)
Type of Lighang
Type of Lightbulb
Power (W) 22
Luminous Flux (lm) 2000
Colour Temperature (K) 6500
Colour Designaaon Cool white
21
Room /Index( RI, K) RI = L x W
(L+W)(Hm)
= 15.0 x 12.25
(15.0+12.25)(5.75)
= 183.75
156.688
= 1.17
LUMEN CALCULATION
Lux required, IES Standard 300
Illuminaaon (E)
Area at working plane height (A, m²) Dimension of silent study area
L = 15.0, W = 12.25
15 x 12.25 = 183.75
Luminous Flux (F) 2000
Reflectance of room surfaces Light grey steel deck ceiling = 0.7
White plastered wall = 0.5
Dark grey-‐washed concrete flooring = 0.2
Ualizaaon Factor (UF) 0.53 (based on UF table)
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8
Lumen Calculaaon (N, number of N = E x A
lights) F x MF x UF
= 300 x 183.75
2000 x 0.8 x 0.53
= 55125
848
= 65.006
= 65 lamps
Fitng layout (where Smax is Smax = 1.0 x Hm
maximum spacing, m) = 1.0 x 5.75
= 5.75
Distance between lights is not greater than 5.75m
22
Figure 26. Reflected ceiling plan showing
light fixture layout based on lumen
method calculation.
0.81m 1.62m
23
PSALI INTEGRATION
Based on lumen method calculation, light fixtures connected to all switches are turned on in
the morning (0900 -‐ 1500) when natural sunlight cannot enter the space. While in the evening
(1500 -‐ 1900) when sufficient sunlight illuminate the front area of the space, switch 1 and 2
can be switched off while switch 3 and 4 are kept switched on.
Figure 28.
All light
fittings are
turned on
when
there is no
sunlight
illumina-‐
ting the
space
(0900 -‐
1500).
Figure 29.
Light
fittings
towards
the front
facade are
turned off
when
sunlight
comes in
through
the glass
facade
(1500
-‐1900).
24