Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010

NGHIEN CUtJ XtT LY NlTOfC T H A I C H A N NUOI LON SAU BIOGAS

B A N G PHlTONG P H A P L O C SINH HOC NHO GIOT
• • •

Nguyen Hoai Chau, Tran Manh Hai

Vien Cong nghe moi trudng
18- Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi
Email: chauhoainguyen(^yahoo.com
Tom tat:
Hien nay, a Viet Nam nude thdi chdn nudi lan chit yiu dupe xie ly bdng hdm
phdn hiiy yim khi (hdm biogas), sau qud trinh ndy cdc thdnh phdn gay d nhiim
mdi trudng (TSS, COD, BOD, tdng N, tdng P, ...) vdn cdn d mice rdt cao vd cdn
phdi dupe xir ly tiip trudc khi cd the thdi ra mdi trudng. Trong bdi bdo ndy trinh
bdy kit qud nghiin cicu quy trinh xie ly nude thdi trang trgi chdn nudi Ipn sau khi
dd duac xic ly sa bd bdng hdm Biogas. Nghien cicu ndy duac tiin hdnh vdi ngudn
nude thdi sau biogas tgi trang trgi chdn nudi Ipn cua dng Nguyin Vdn Thanh xd
Ddng Hung - VTnh Yen - Vinh Phuc bdng cdng nghi: thiiu khi ^^ Ipc sinh hpc
nhd gipt =^ hd sinh hpc vdi cdc thdng sd cdng nghi: luu lupng 0,2 m^/h, thdi
gian luu nude tgi bi thiiu khi Id 4h, tgi hd sinh hpc la 10 ngdy, diin tich bi loc
sinh hpc nhd gipt Im . Vdi cdc thdng sd ddu vdo ciia nude nhu sau: TSS = 1228
mg/l; COD = 1195mg/l; BOD = 534 mg/l; N-NH4 = 405 mg/l;^ N,o,ai = 518 mg/l
and Ptoiai = 67 mg/l thi chdt luang nude sau khi duac xie ly bdng qud trinh trin
tuang icng la 108; 252; 116; 118; 185 vd 22, hieu sudt xie ly ldn luat la TSS ~
90%; COD -80%; BOD ~ 78%; N-NHf ~ 71%; ZN ~ 64%o vd EP ~ 66%.
Abstract:
Currently, in Vietnam swine wastewater mainly treated with anaerobic
decomposition tunnel (tunnel biogas), after this process the components of
environmental pollutants (TSS, COD, BOD, total N, total P, ...) is still very high
and require further processing before they can be discharged into the
environment. This paper presents research results of swine wastewater after
treatment a biogas pit. This study was conducted with swine wastewater come out
ojf biogas in the pig farm of Mr. Nguyen Van Thanh, Dong Hung Commune - Vinh
Yen - Vinh Phuc by technology: anoxic -> biological trickling filter -> biological
lagon, with following technologycal parameters: water flow 0.2 m/h, residence
time in anoxic tank ~ 4h, in biological pond ~ 10 days, cross section of biological
trickling filter tank Im . With the parameters input to the water as follows: TSS =
1228 mg/l; COD = I195mg/l BOD = 534 mg/l; N-NH4 = 405 mg/l; N,o,ai = 518
mg/l and P,oiat = 67 mg/l, the water quality after the treatment process exhibit the
respective parameters 108; 252; 116; 118; 185 and 22; performance efflciencifs
are TSS ~ 90%o; COD ~ 80%; BOD ~ 78%; N-NH/ ~ 71%; ZN ~ 64% and EP ~
66%.

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Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7

1. MO DAU
Trong nhiing nam gin day, nganh chan nuoi Viet Nam da phat triln dang kl. TIC do tang
trudng binh quan giai dgan 2001-2007 dat 8.9% [1]. Lugng chit thai tir hoat dong chan nuoi
thai ra hang nam khoang 80 trieu tin chit thai rin va hang ti m^ chat thai long [2]. Tuy nhien,
viec xir ly chit thai d hau hit cac co sd chan nuoi Ign chi mdi dimg d miic sir dung he thong
him biogas [3]. Sau qua trinh xir ly nay nude thai vin con chiia nhieu tac nhan gay 6 nhilm
moi trudng d miic do cao: COD = 1251 ^ 3397 mg/l; BOD = 783 ^- 1339 mg/l; Ptotai = 57 H-
99 mg/l; Hotai = 205 ^ 333 mg/l [3, 4].
Qua sl lieu neu tren co thi khing dinh ring nude thai sau biogas can phai tilp tuc dugc xu-
ly trudc khi thai ra moi trudng va cin phai xir ly ding thai nhieu tac nhan 6 nhiem dac biet la
COD, nito va phit pho. Xir ly nude thai giau dinh dudng bang cac qua trinh vi sinh da va dang
dugc ap dung rgng rai. Nhilu qua trinh sir dung vi sinh dugc ap dung nhieu hien nay nhu:
Pheredox A/0; quy trinh A2O- Ki khi -> thiiu khi -> hiiu khi; quy trinh Bardenpho 5 giai dgan-
Ki khi -> thiiu khi -> hiiu khi -> thiiu khi -> hiiu khi; quy trinh UCT- University Cape Town;
VIP- Virginia Initiative Plant va Phostrip Process [7] ciing nhu cac ky thuat xir ly khac nhu: ho
sinh hgc, lgc sinh hgc dat ngap nude,... Cac ky thuat nay dua vao hgat dgng cua cac loai vi sinh
vat, thuy sinh vat de phan buy cac chat gay 6 nhiem. Sir lira chgn cdng nghe xir ly nude thai
chan nuoi Ign phu thudc vao cac dieu kien ha tang ca sd, tai chinh .... Thuc te cho thay da so co
sd chan nuoi Ign deu cd hoac se xay dung ham biogas de xii ly nude thai trudc khi dua ra moi
trudng. Nghien ciiu nay danh gia kha nang ling dung cua ky thuat lgc sinh hgc nho gigt trong
viec xir ly nude thai chan nuoi sau biogas.

2. THU'C NGHIEM
2.1 Nguon nu-dc thai
Nguon nude thai dugc sir dung trong nghien ciiu nay dugc lay tir nude thai sau biogas tai
trang trai chan nuoi Ign nha ong Nguyen Van Thanh - xa Ddng Hung - Vinh Yen - Vinh
Phiic. Cac thong sl chinh cua nude (mg/l) nhu sau: TSS = 1133 ^ 1323; NH4"' = 385 ^ 425;
Ntotai = 497 -r 539; Ptotai = 63 ^ 71; COD = 1095 ^1295; BOD = 486 ^ 582.
2.2. Thi nghiem
Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien tai hien trudng, tren he pilot nhu d hinh 1.

G) Q
Phan huy V Loc sinh hpc
7? thieu khi nho giot
<-
<D
B§ lang 2
Nuac tuan hoan

Chi chii: 1. 2, 3, 4: Cdc diim lay mdu Ho sinh hoc

•<D
Thai ra MT
LTinh 1: Sa dd cdng nghi hi xir ly

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 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10/2010

Cac thong so cua he thong nhu sau:

-^Bi phdn huy thiiu khi: bl phan buy thieu khi ket hgp ngan lang, kich thudc be
2x2.5x1.5 (m)
-I- Bi Ipc sinh hpc: kich thudc 1x1x2,5 (m). Vat lieu mang sir dung la soi nhe d=15-30mm, co
4 Idp vat lieu mang moi Idp day day 25 cm, giira cac Idp co cira thu khi d tuong be. Nude
thai dugc tudi len bl mat VLL bing gian Ing due lo lam kieu xuong ca.
-I- Hd sinh hpc: Xay dung hi sinh hgc tiiy tien kich thudc 10x4x1,2 m.
Mo td cong nghe: Nude thai tir he thing bl Biogas da co dugc tach ra mgt phan (3-5
mVngay), dua vl bl thu gom kit hgp bl phan buy thieu khi c6 ngan Ipc. Nude sau be nay
dugc bom len bl lgc sinh hpc nho gipt. Nude sau Ipc sinh hpc nho gipt dugc tuan hoan
khoang 20-30% luu lugng vl bl ling. Nude thai con lai sau lgc sinh hgc nho gipt tu chay
sang ao sinh hpc dang tiiy tien va dugc xu ly bdi cac qua trinh thuy sinh hgc tu nhien nham
giam thieu cac chat 6 nhiem.
2.3 Phuong phap phan tich
pH, TDS: sir dung may do da nang SENSION-156 - HACH - My
COD: dugc xac dinh bing phuong phap so mau HACH-1986, 16 cong pha DRB 200-
HACH, thiit bi so mau quang dien DR 2800- HACH - My
TSS: dugc xac dinh bing phuang phap so mau HACH-1986, thiet bi so mau quang dien
DR 2800- HACH - My
NH4'^: sir dung phuang phap so mau Nesstler, do tren may so mau quang dien DR 2800-
HACH - My
Ntotai: xac dinh bing phuang phap 8075- HACH- Nessler Method (Digestion Require), sir
dung kit thir Kjeldabl Nitrogen Reagent Set- Cat.No.24953-00, so mau tren may do mau
quang dien DR 2800- HACH - My
Ptotai: xac dinh bing phuong phap 8048-HACH- My- PbosVer 3 (Ascorbic Acid). Sir dung
boa chit: PbosVer 3 Phosphate Reagent Powder Pillow. Cat.No 21060-69, so mau tren may
do mau quang dien DR 2800- HACH - My

3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

Sau thdi gian khdi dgng 1 thang, ket qua phan tich cho thay he hgat dgng on dinh, ket qua
phan tich chat lugng nude sau xir ly d thdi gian tiep theo nhu sau:
3.1. Ket qua hoat dong d che do khong tuan hoan
Bdng 1: Kit qud phdn tich nude sau xic ly a chi dd khdng tudn hodn
Kit qud phdn tich
TT Chi tiiu Dan vi TCN 678:2006
2 3 4
1 pH 7,62 7,67 8,01 5-9
2 TSS mg/l 830 465 108 500
3 NH4^ mg/l 323 228 118 -
6 N_t6ng mg/l 431 289 168 150
7 P_t6ng mg/l 44 35 32,4 20
8 COD mg/l 935 428 352 400
9 BOD5 mg/l 475 201 146 300
Ghi chu: 2, 3, 4 - cdc diim ldy mdu; Cdc gid tri dupe tinh trung binh cho 1 tudn

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Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7

Cac gia tri 6 nhilm trong nude thai sau be ky khi giam dang kl: TSS giam 32%), COD
giam 28.87%, XN giam 16.7%, XP giam 16.4%, va sau bl lgc sinh hgc nho gigt cac gia tri
nay giam lin lugt la 62%, 64%, 44.2% va 48%. 6 day % cac gia tri dugc loai bo cho thiy
chilu hudng tit cua qua trinh xu ly nlu co sir tuan hoan nude sau xit ly.

3.2. Ket qua hoat dong d che do tu^n hoan 20%

Bdng 2: Kit qud phdn tich nude sau xic ly a chi dp tudn hodn 20%
Kit qud phdn tich TCN-678: 2006
Stt Chi tieu Dan vi
2 3 4
1 pH 1.1\ 8.01 8.11 5-9
2 TSS mg/l 665 314 108 500
3 NH4^ mg/l 263 189 118 -
6 N_t6ng mg/l 351 237 185,65 150
7 P_t6ng mg/l 46 32 22,4 20
8 COD mg/l 850 322 252 400
9 BOD5 mg/l 405 125 116 300

Ghi chii: 2, 3, 4 - Cdc diem ldy mdu; Cdc gid tri duac tinh trung hinh cho 1 tudn

Lupng nude tuan hoan da lam qua trinh oxy boa cac chat dien ra tot Tion, mac du chua
khao sat dugc chi tiet anh hudng cua ty le tuan hoan nhung theo cac tai lieu thi day la mgt ty
le kha toi uu.

Bdng 3: Tdng hop hiiu qud xit ly sau cdc qud trinh

Be thiiu khi cd ngdn Bi Ipc sinh hpc

Ddu Hd sinh hpc
Idng nhd gipt Hieu
Chi tieu vdo
sudt (%)
(mg/l) Hieu sudt Cdn lai Hieu sudt Cdn lai Hieu sudt Cdn lai
'(%) (mg/l) '(%) (mg/l) (%) (mg/l)

TSS 1228 45.85 665 52.78 314 65.61 108 91.21

NH4^ 405 35.06 263 28.14 189 37.57 118 70.86

N_t6ng 518 32.25 350,94 32.47 237 21.67 185,65 64.16

P_t6ng 67 31.34 46 30.43 32 30.00 22,4 66.57

COD 1195 21.76 935 65.56 322 21.74 252 78.91

BOD5 534 24.16 405 76.54 125 7.20 116 78.28

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 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10/2010

Ning do cac chit 6 nhilm con lai la TSS 9%, COD 21%, ^N 36%, XP 33% va vl ca ban
cac thong so gay d nhiem chinh nay da dugc xir ly den gan tieu chuan nganh TCN - 678:
2006. Neu tang them the tich ho sinh hgc thi nude thai sau khi dugc xir ly co nhieu kha nang
se dat duoc tieu chuan.

Hinh 2: Ndng dd cdc chdt d nhiem tgi tieng giai dogn thdi gian

4. KET LUAN
Ket qua nghien ciiu so bg cho thay phuong phap lgc sinh hgc nho gipt rat kha thi trong
viec xir ly nude thai chan nuoi sau biogas vi de van hanh va co chi phi thudng xuyen thap.
Trong dieu kien hien tai ciia cac trang trai chan nuoi d Viet Nam thi he thong xir ly nude thai
chan nuoi Ipn theo so do hdm biogas -> loc sinh hpc nho gipt-> ho sinh hpc co the coi la
mot giai phap phu hgp de giai quyet van de 6 nhiem moi trudng do nude thai gay ra.

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Tiiu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Biii Thuc Oanh, (2008), "Phdt triin chdn nudi vd biin phdp bdo vi mdi truang". Hoi
thao tap huan bao ve moi trudng trong chan nuoi thii y tai Cue Chan nuoi.
2. "Chdt thdi chdn nudi - Hien trgng vd gidi phdp ", Ky yeu hoi thao, nam 2009.
3. Nguyen Hoai Chau va nnk, (2008), "Ddnh gid muc dp d nhiim mdi trudng tgi mdt sd
trang trgi chdn nudi tiiu biiu ", Tap chi KH&CN, sd 46.
4. Vien chan nuoi, (2006), "Diiu tra ddnh gid hien trgng mdi trudng trgi chdn nudi
Ipn ".
5. Vien chan nudi, (2006), "Bdo cdo hien trgng mdi truong chdn nudi d mdt sd tinh ".
6. Nguyen Van Phudc, (2007), "Cdc phuang phdp xic ly nude thdi chdn nudi heo ".
7. Le Cong Nhat Phuong, (2007), "Nghien cicu triin khai icng dung xie ly ammonium
trong nude thdi nudi heo vdi cdng sudt 20 m /ngdy vd nudi dudng sinh khdi cd nhdm
vi khudn Anammox ".
8. Sebastia PUIG BROCH, (2008), "Operation and Control of SBR Processes for
Enhenced Biological Nutriel Remove from wastewater ".
9. Mecalf & Eddy: Wastewater engineering, 2005;
10. Joseph Kyambadde, (2005), "Optimizing Processes for Biological Nitrogen Removal
in Nakivubo Wetland, Uganda ".

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